Religious Wars and State Building Oh you Protestants, what have you done…
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Transcript of Religious Wars and State Building Oh you Protestants, what have you done…
King Francis I and King Henry II of France (early and mid 1500’s)- strong monarchy with Catholic church help
Very modern state- civil servants, road construction, and fantastic tax revenues to build…
Catherine de Medici, Queen of France (and wife of Henry II) dominated the throne held by her three weak sons
France grew in Calvinism- what people were drawn to it?
Huguenots (French protestants)
Religious Wars and Civil War in France
So, as mentioned France became a strong monarchy- who would not benefit? Therefore who became Huguenots?
1572 Marriage between Henry of Navarre (protestant) and King Charles IX’s sister (Catholic)- political compromise
August 24 1572 St. Bartholomew’s Day- many powerful people in Paris for the wedding- SLAUGHTERED by the monarchy
Religious Wars and Civil War in France
Religious Wars and Civil War in France
Protestants responded in kind- terrible Civil War
15 years of violence- agriculture and manufacturing devastated- chaos prevailed
1589 after a few assassinations (ya know just a few) Henry IV become King…which religion is he?
Machiavallian- wished for peace despite his faith- state needs to be centralized and strong- what do you think he did?
1593 Civil War is over
1598 Edict of Nantes
Catholic Spain1550’s to about 1600 Spain is the major Western Empire, wealthy, artistic, and Catholic
The revival of Catholicism- the church became central to the life of every family, as represented by Philip- live, govern and pray
Economy solely dependent on silver and gold from the New World (and slaves to extract it)
Do you know what happens when your entire economy is reliant on one resource….
Revolt in the NetherlandsSpanish problems- French, English and the Dutch
Spain inherited the Netherlands (which was 17 different provinces)
Northern Netherland Provinces were protestant (Calvinists)- each province had its own autonomy (commerce, similar to the Italian States)
Taxation- went to Spain- nobles worried about losing power to central monarchy (Philip)
William of Orange (William the Silent)- 1566 riots- Catholic imagery destroyed
Phillip sent in the Duke of Alba (Inquisition leader)…uhoh
The Council of Blood- quelled the rebellion but strengthened the resistance
1576 William of Orange united all seventeen provinces- respect freedom of religion- demand Spain withdraw
1579 Philip convinced the ten Flemish speaking provinces to make peace
Southern Netherlands followed Spain and was Catholic, North followed William and were protestant- Philip was distracted by another enemy
Revolt in the Netherlands
EnglandElizabeth I 1558- 1603, daughter of Henry VIII
1553- 1558 England was ruled by Mary Tudor, who was Catholic…and guess whose wife?
Elizabeth created a new act proclaiming that she was the only supreme governor of this realm- she created a moderate Protestantism
Puritans, Catholic were the enemy
Puritans- protestants, highly influenced by Calvin
England1570 Pope Pius…he doesn’t like her- excommunicates Elizabeth
England began to support protestant movements- they supported French Huguenots and sent troops to help William of Orange
Philip is so annoyed by the Dutch that he decides to attack England due to their support
Spanish Armada- 130 ships, 27, 000 troops, 2, 431 pieces of artillery
They arrived July 30th 1588- met the English Navy, which was full of Pirates- then came the “Protestant Wind”
The Spanish ships broke up- only 1/3 returned to Spain