Religious Unrest, Civil War and Milton A Introduction.

Religious Unrest, Civil War Religious Unrest, Civil War and Miltonand Milton

A IntroductionA Introduction

Standard EnglishStandard English

Why do we need a “standard English”? Why do we need a “standard English”? Does “standard English” mean “correct English”?Does “standard English” mean “correct English”? All of the following affected the establishment of All of the following affected the establishment of

standard English…standard English… Law clerks—court proceedingsLaw clerks—court proceedings Book of Common PrayerBook of Common Prayer Authorized version of the BibleAuthorized version of the Bible

What influences affect the way we talk and write What influences affect the way we talk and write today?today?

Proto Indo EuropeanProto Indo European

GermanicGermanicCelticCelticBalto-SlavicBalto-SlavicLatinLatinGreek Greek AlbanianAlbanian

Indo-Indo-IranianIranian

RussianRussian

UkrainianUkrainian

CzechCzech

SlovakSlovak

Serb-Serb-CroatianCroatian

PersianPersian

KurdishKurdish

HindiHindi

BengaliBengali

IranianIranianSanskritSanskritRomanianRomanian

FrenchFrench

SpanishSpanish

PortuguesePortuguese

ItalianItalian

SlavicSlavicBalticBaltic WelshWelsh

BretanBretan

GGælicælic

LatvianLatvian

LithuanianLithuanian

GermanicGermanic

IcelandicIcelandic

East East NorseNorse

West West NorseNorse

Old NorseOld NorseGothicGothic

East East GermanicGermanic

North North GermanicGermanic

Old FrisianOld Frisian

Old High Old High GermanGerman

HighHighLowLow

West West GermanicGermanic

Old EnglishOld English Old Low GermanOld Low German

AnglianAnglianWest West SaxonSaxon

Old Low Old Low FranconianFranconian

Old Old SaxonSaxonKentishKentish

MiddleMiddle EnglishEnglish Modern EnglishModern English

NorwegianNorwegian

SwedishSwedish

DanishDanish

Old EnglishOld English

AnglianAnglianWest West SaxonSaxon

KentishKentish

Middle EnglishMiddle English

ShakespeareShakespeare


EarlyEarly

Modern EnglishModern English

LateLate


1485

The English Language The English Language

Modern English period dates from 1485-Modern English period dates from 1485-present. present.

Characterized by shifting vowels and Characterized by shifting vowels and lagging spellinglagging spellingBite “EYE” vs. “EE”; Feet “EE” vs. “A”—long Bite “EYE” vs. “EE”; Feet “EE” vs. “A”—long

vowels emergedvowels emergedSpelling Spelling ≠ Pronunciation≠ Pronunciation

Influences to EnglishInfluences to English

Printing press (1475; books are first Printing press (1475; books are first printed in English)printed in English)

Foreign influences (spreading abroad)Foreign influences (spreading abroad)Colonies in North America, Central America, Colonies in North America, Central America,

India and AfricaIndia and AfricaClassical influencesClassical influences

Latin and Greek—largely due to Renaissance Latin and Greek—largely due to Renaissance influenced by the culture of Rome and influenced by the culture of Rome and Athens. Athens.



EarlyEarly


LateLate


Law Clerks

Bible and Common Law Prayer

Royal InheritanceRoyal InheritanceKing Henry VIII

Catholic—Excommunication

Protestant

King EdwardChild KingProtestant

“Bloody Mary”Catholic

“Virgin” Queen Elizabeth

King James I & VIHouse of Stuart

Religious InfluencesReligious Influences Authorized Version of the Authorized Version of the

Bible: King _______ Version. Bible: King _______ Version. Disliked interpretive comments. Disliked interpretive comments. Commissioned the Bible to be Commissioned the Bible to be

checked against authoritative checked against authoritative Hebrew and Greek textsHebrew and Greek texts

54 clergy-men appointed54 clergy-men appointed7 years of research7 years of researchCommittee of bishops reviewCommittee of bishops reviewPrinted in 1611Printed in 1611

ReviewReview

Fill in the CLOZE on page 1 of your packet Fill in the CLOZE on page 1 of your packet to review what we have discussed thus to review what we have discussed thus far. far.

King James Bible Excerpt 1King James Bible Excerpt 1

StructureStructure Written in Written in verseverse not not

in prose…what does in prose…what does that mean? that mean?

PoetryPoetry ProseProse

an ART form; language is an ART form; language is used for aesthetic and used for aesthetic and evocative qualities evocative qualities in in addition toaddition to, , oror in lieu of, its in lieu of, its apparent meaning.apparent meaning.

Most typical form of Most typical form of language. Derived from language. Derived from the Latin prōsa, which the Latin prōsa, which literally translates as literally translates as 'straight-forward.''straight-forward.'


Language—Similar to ShakespeareLanguage—Similar to Shakespeare ““And the evening and the morning were the And the evening and the morning were the

first day.”first day.”


What is the first excerpt describing? What is the first excerpt describing? What do the capital letters suggest? What do the capital letters suggest? ““Firmament” is “Sky”; what is the purpose Firmament” is “Sky”; what is the purpose

of the firmament? Is this poetic? of the firmament? Is this poetic? What kind of world did God create? What kind of world did God create?

In Genesis 1-2 God…In Genesis 1-2 God…

CreatesCreatesDry landDry landAnimals of the seaAnimals of the seaAnimals of the landAnimals of the land

Creates man Creates man From dust; From dust; adamah: adamah: Adam “of the soil”Adam “of the soil”

Creates womanCreates womanFrom Adam’s rib; “taken from man” From Adam’s rib; “taken from man”

““Paradise”Paradise”

Endless foodEndless foodEndless waterEndless waterNo hard workNo hard workNo shameNo shameNo painNo painNo school No school

22ndnd Genesis Excerpt Genesis Excerpt

StructureStructureStill in verse!Still in verse!

22ndnd Genesis Excerpt Genesis Excerpt

What did Adam and Eve gain by eating the What did Adam and Eve gain by eating the apple? apple?

What did they lose? What did they lose? Is knowledge worth pain? Explain (page 1)Is knowledge worth pain? Explain (page 1)

Religious Unrest After the Religious Unrest After the Death of King JamesDeath of King James

““Turbulent Time”—1625-1798Turbulent Time”—1625-1798

List everything you know and remember about List everything you know and remember about the American Civil war in QUADRANT 1, using the American Civil war in QUADRANT 1, using

these questions to guide you.these questions to guide you.

Who was fighting? Who was fighting? What were the fighting for?What were the fighting for?What was the outcome? What was the outcome? How could it have ended differently?How could it have ended differently?What were the effects both long and short What were the effects both long and short

term? term? What did it do to the country? To the What did it do to the country? To the

government? To families? To individuals? government? To families? To individuals?

Civil WarWhat it is

Civil WarWhat it is not

What does a Civil War affect?

Civil: of or relating to

citizens

War: A period of such

armed conflict

Royal InheritanceRoyal InheritanceKing Henry VIII

Catholic—ExcommunicationProtestant



Charles I1625-1649

A New GovernmentA New Government

ParliamentParliament established and limited the power of established and limited the power of the monarchythe monarchy King Charles wants $ for warsKing Charles wants $ for wars Parliament says noParliament says no Charles extorts money and forces the poor to serve in Charles extorts money and forces the poor to serve in

the armythe army Power struggle Power struggle

Charles tries to force the church to conform Charles tries to force the church to conform practicespractices

Culminated in civil warCulminated in civil war

Condemned as a TYRANTCondemned as a TYRANT

Parliament condemns Charles in 1642Parliament condemns Charles in 1642Oliver CromwellOliver Cromwell leads insurrection leads insurrectionRoyalists defeated in 1645; imprisons Royalists defeated in 1645; imprisons

CharlesCharlesCharles put to death in 1649Charles put to death in 1649NO MORE MONARCHYNO MORE MONARCHY

Macbeth and CharlesMacbeth and CharlesQuadrant 2Quadrant 2

Is Charles a Is Charles a TYRANT TYRANT of the same caliber of the same caliber as Macbeth? Explain. as Macbeth? Explain.

Better? Better?

Cromwell—”Lord Protector” or “dictator”Cromwell—”Lord Protector” or “dictator”Rule led to economic hardship, greater Rule led to economic hardship, greater

taxation, overbearing control and unrest taxation, overbearing control and unrest outlawed gambling, horse racing, outlawed gambling, horse racing,

newspapersnewspapers, fancy clothes, public dancing, , fancy clothes, public dancing, and the theater. and the theater.

Danger Will Robinson!Danger Will Robinson!

Why is it dangerous to outlaw Why is it dangerous to outlaw newspapers? newspapers?

How is outlawing the theater a GIANT step How is outlawing the theater a GIANT step backward from the Renaissance? backward from the Renaissance?

Who was worse, Charles I or Oliver Who was worse, Charles I or Oliver Cromwell? Cromwell?

Macbeth and OliverMacbeth and OliverQuadrant 3Quadrant 3

Is Cromwell a Is Cromwell a TYRANT TYRANT of the same of the same caliber as Macbeth? Explain. caliber as Macbeth? Explain.

Quadrant 4

Of the three which is worse: 1. A ruler who takes lives 2. A ruler who controls beliefs 3. A ruler who suppresses freedoms

Royal InheritanceRoyal InheritanceReestablished 1660Reestablished 1660

King Henry VIIICatholic—Excommunication

Protestant



Charles I1625-1649

Charles II; Restores order—Limited power

James II; devout CatholicABDICATED

Mary & WilliamRespect Bill of Rights

Constitutional Monarchy

New GovernmentNew Government

Constitutional Monarchy rules underConstitutional Monarchy rules underParliament made up ofParliament made up ofPolitical parties: (conservative) Tories & Political parties: (conservative) Tories &

(liberal) Whigs who established a (liberal) Whigs who established a Cabinet of ministers and a Cabinet of ministers and a Prime MinisterPrime MinisterUnifying the nationUnifying the nation

CHANGE!! AHHHHHH!!!!CHANGE!! AHHHHHH!!!!

Agricultural RevolutionAgricultural Revolution Increased foodIncreased food Increased populationIncreased population Increased industrializationIncreased industrialization

EnlightenmentEnlightenmentMade the industrial age possible Made the industrial age possible EncouragedEncouraged

Free thinking Free thinking DiscussionDiscussion

17501750

Enlightenment crushedEnlightenment crushed Industrialization reignedIndustrialization reigned ““Progress” = MiseryProgress” = Misery

A Roller Coaster of ChangeA Roller Coaster of Change

John MiltonJohn Milton

Story tellingStory telling

Quadrant 5Quadrant 5Why do people tell stories? Why do people tell stories?

Make a bulleted list of all the reasons why Make a bulleted list of all the reasons why people tell stories. Think about all the people tell stories. Think about all the motivational, both internal and external, motivational, both internal and external, reasons. reasons.

Paradise Lost Paradise Lost

Milton’s greatest workMilton’s greatest workRetelling of the fall of Eden (see the Retelling of the fall of Eden (see the

connection? connection? ))Mostly religious topicsMostly religious topics ““God’s Poet”God’s Poet”

SonnetsSonnets

Focus on variety of subjectsFocus on variety of subjectsNot simple love themesNot simple love themes

REVIEW:::REVIEW:::

Sonnet Basics (Petrarchan)Sonnet Basics (Petrarchan)

14 Lines Long14 Lines LongDivided into Octave (8 lines) w/ abbaabba Divided into Octave (8 lines) w/ abbaabba

rhyme scheme, and a sestet (6 lines) w/ rhyme scheme, and a sestet (6 lines) w/ cdecde, or cdcdcd rhyme schemecdecde, or cdcdcd rhyme scheme

Octave develops thought or themeOctave develops thought or themeSestet expands or contradicts the thought Sestet expands or contradicts the thought

or themeor themeVolta (turn) occurs between octave and Volta (turn) occurs between octave and

sestetsestet Iambic PentameterIambic Pentameter

Quadrant 6 & 7

Sonnet VII Sonnet XIX

Sonnet VIISonnet VII

Do you usually judge people by how much Do you usually judge people by how much they have accomplished by a certain age? they have accomplished by a certain age? Why or why not?Why or why not?


What is the rhyme scheme? What is the rhyme scheme? Where is the volta? Does it confirm or Where is the volta? Does it confirm or

contradict the theme? contradict the theme?


Recall: To what season does Milton Recall: To what season does Milton compare his time of life? compare his time of life?

Infer: Why does he say that this season Infer: Why does he say that this season “no bud or blossom showeth”? “no bud or blossom showeth”?

Interpret: What is his feeling about this Interpret: What is his feeling about this situation?situation?


What is the connection between the “bud What is the connection between the “bud or blossom” of line 4 and the “semblance” or blossom” of line 4 and the “semblance” of line 5? of line 5?

How does the contrast between outward How does the contrast between outward appearance and inward state in lines 5–8 appearance and inward state in lines 5–8 apply to Milton’s career as a poet?apply to Milton’s career as a poet?


Infer: To what does Milton trust himself Infer: To what does Milton trust himself and his life in lines 9–14? and his life in lines 9–14?

Evaluate: Do you think this “answer” is a Evaluate: Do you think this “answer” is a valid and effective response to concern valid and effective response to concern about one’s progress in life? Explain. about one’s progress in life? Explain.

Sonnet XIXSonnet XIX

What is your most valuable sense? What is your most valuable sense? Explain. (in other words, which sense Explain. (in other words, which sense would you miss the most if you were to would you miss the most if you were to lose it?)lose it?)SeeingSeeingSmellingSmellingTastingTastingTouchingTouchingHearingHearing


What is the rhyme scheme? What is the rhyme scheme? Where is the volta? Does it confirm or Where is the volta? Does it confirm or

contradict the theme?contradict the theme?


Recall: According to the poem, at what Recall: According to the poem, at what point in his life did the speaker’s eyesight point in his life did the speaker’s eyesight fail? fail?

Recall: What has happened to the Recall: What has happened to the speaker’s “one talent”? speaker’s “one talent”?

Infer: Why does blindness have this effect Infer: Why does blindness have this effect on his talent?on his talent?


Infer: What answers the speaker? Infer: What answers the speaker? Interpret: How does this new speaker Interpret: How does this new speaker

interpret the idea of service to God?interpret the idea of service to God?Apply: Do you think that this poem could Apply: Do you think that this poem could

inspire a contemporary person who is inspire a contemporary person who is facing a physical challenge? Explain.facing a physical challenge? Explain.

Quadrant 6 & 7

Sonnet VII Sonnet XIX

Summarize the main theme of each sonnet in quadrant 6 and 7

Quadrant 8

How are the sonnets a reaction to the change in Milton’s culture? Use at least one specific example from the poem and the backgroundTurn in your notebook paper before you

leave.

What is Paradise?

Describe what paradise is to you in 5-7 sentences using specific examples. You may also choose to illustrate your description.

Paradise RecallParadise Recall

Jot down what “Paradise” was for Adam Jot down what “Paradise” was for Adam and Eve. and Eve.

ParadiseParadise

Consider the Babylonian view of paradise: Consider the Babylonian view of paradise: ““Edinn”: an innocent, clear, and sun-filled Edinn”: an innocent, clear, and sun-filled

land, where gods are forever young, healthy land, where gods are forever young, healthy and amiable. At the command of the water and amiable. At the command of the water god Enki, the sun god Utu brings water to god Enki, the sun god Utu brings water to Paradise and creates a lush garden bursting Paradise and creates a lush garden bursting with fruit. with fruit.

ParadiseParadise

Consider the Greek view of paradise: Consider the Greek view of paradise: Paradise is a garden of the Hesperides, the Paradise is a garden of the Hesperides, the

home of the daughters of Atlas, the evening home of the daughters of Atlas, the evening star. Assisted by a dragon, the inhabitants star. Assisted by a dragon, the inhabitants guard the tree that gives the golden apples. guard the tree that gives the golden apples.

ParadiseParadise

Consider the African tales view of Consider the African tales view of paradise: paradise: A beautiful garden with ample food and A beautiful garden with ample food and

leisure. There is no death or disease. Humans leisure. There is no death or disease. Humans live in harmony with animals. live in harmony with animals.

Paradise ArchetypeParadise Archetype

What do all 4 have in common? What do all 4 have in common? Why do you suppose these commonalities Why do you suppose these commonalities

exist? exist? What does this suggest about the ideal What does this suggest about the ideal

human life? human life? Does your view of paradise match with Does your view of paradise match with

any of the previous descriptions? Explain. any of the previous descriptions? Explain.

Paradise LostParadise Lost

Inspired by…Inspired by…Loss of vision—dictated the story to his Loss of vision—dictated the story to his

daughtersdaughtersLoss of faith in countryLoss of faith in countryCivil unrest/battle in countryCivil unrest/battle in country

Why is he telling the story? Why is he telling the story?


Begins in the middle w/ a prayer to a Begins in the middle w/ a prayer to a muse, god or goddess (epic conventions)muse, god or goddess (epic conventions)Milton introduces Satan who, with his angel Milton introduces Satan who, with his angel

allies, has done the unthinkable—rebelled allies, has done the unthinkable—rebelled against God. against God.

Expelled from Heaven, they have plummeted Expelled from Heaven, they have plummeted into Hell, a place devoid of light, life, and even into Hell, a place devoid of light, life, and even formform

Reviewing the Epic Hero (epic Reviewing the Epic Hero (epic convention) Archetypeconvention) Archetype

They are appealing characters They are appealing characters who make mistakes.who make mistakes.

They are characters who enjoy They are characters who enjoy prosperity and favor.prosperity and favor.

They are inhibited by a They are inhibited by a character flaw.character flaw.

They go on an Epic Journey—They go on an Epic Journey—Following an epic hero cycleFollowing an epic hero cycle

Epic Hero CycleEpic Hero Cycle

Call to Adventure

Paradise LostApplying the

“Boon”

Trials (tested and initiated)

Physical, Mental, Emotional

Achieving the Goal or “Boon”

Hero’s JourneyHero’s Journey

Return to Ordinary world

Crossing of the Threshold

Move from known to unknown


Who is the epic hero? The ultimate Who is the epic hero? The ultimate question.question.


Satan’s war with Heaven is Milton’s Satan’s war with Heaven is Milton’s invention. invention.

The remainder of the story is the familiar The remainder of the story is the familiar one of Christian tradition. God has one of Christian tradition. God has forbidden Adam and Eve to eat of the fruit forbidden Adam and Eve to eat of the fruit of the Tree of the Knowledge of Good and of the Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil. Evil.

A Cosmic CommentaryA Cosmic Commentary

Reason and Free Will Reason and Free Will Humanity can see the difference between Humanity can see the difference between

right and wrong. With that ability comes the right and wrong. With that ability comes the freedom to choose between the two.freedom to choose between the two.

Free Will and Predestination Free Will and Predestination God knows everything that is, was, and will God knows everything that is, was, and will

be. Yet God’s foreknowledge does not mean be. Yet God’s foreknowledge does not mean that people’s choices are determined in that people’s choices are determined in advance by God. People have free will.advance by God. People have free will.

CONNECT: CONNECT: Consider Macbeth’s fateConsider Macbeth’s fate

Explain whether you believe he reached Explain whether you believe he reached this fate through his own reason and free this fate through his own reason and free will or if it was predestined. Make sure you will or if it was predestined. Make sure you use one example to explain why. use one example to explain why.

Religious Unrest, Civil War and Milton A Introduction.

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