Religious Digital Creatives as New Cultural Authorities
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RELIGIOUS DIGITAL CREATIVES AS NEW CULTURAL AUTHORITIES
Heidi CampbellAssociate Professor, Texas A&M University-USA
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Studying Networked Religion
Campbell, H. (2012). Understanding the relationship between religious practice online and offline in a networked society. Journal of the American Academy of Religion.
Common trends within the practice of religion on the internet highlight characteristics of how religions is lived both online and offline.
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Traits of Networked Religion
Convergent Practice Personalized blending of information & rituals
Multi-site Reality Embedded/blended online-offline connections
Networked Community Loosely-bounded social networks
Storied Identity Fluid & dynamic identity construction
Shifting Authority Simultaneous empowerment & challenge of
authority
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Shifting AuthorityInternet contributing to shifting conceptions & practices of religious authority having offline impact• Rise of new religious gatekeepers, spokespersons &
authority structures online (Campbell 2007; Campbell & Golan 2010)
• Offline religious leaders seek to solidify their position in the face new sources of legitimacy & influence (Campbell 2010)
• Internet support Logics of Disjuncture & Displacement, Continuity & Complementarity and Dialectics & Paradox regarding authority (Cheong 2013)
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Exploring Authority in New Media Culture
Traditional Authority based
on:
New Media Authority based
on: training/credential systems
initiations rites structural and
cultural (divine) hierarchies
institutional expertise
ranking/reputation system
visibility online social network
linkages and endorsements
digital expertiseDawson 2004, Barker 2005, Campbell 2007 & 2010, Lovheim 2008,Cheong & Poon 2009, Cheong 2012
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Exploring Religious Authority in New Media Culture
Anderson -The Internet and Islam’s New Interpreter’s (1999) Internet offers a new public space giving
rise to unique forms of authority that can challenge traditional religious authorities authority roles (new leaders-i.e. webmasters) structures (new spaces, i.e. online
communities) discourses (new systems of knowledge, i.e.
hyperlinks)
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Religious Digital Creatives
RDCs – digital innovators, designers & entrepreneurs whose new media work & use grant them unique status and/or influence within their religious communities Creole Pioneers: individuals with professional-technical
qualifications “bringing religious interest online after-hours” Reformer Critic: alternative & oppositional groups using the
Internet for mobilizing their agenda or to witness to their belief in new public sphere
Spokesperson-Activists: institutions drawing on established interpretive patterns and structures online
81 interviews with select Religious Digital Innovators & Denominational Media Officers in 2011-2013
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Creole Pioneers Professionals bringing religious
interest online Digital Designers- digital & media
resource creators shaping religious discourse & practice due to notoriety of tech/online work Eric van den Berg, Katholiek.nl Miriam Diez Bosch, Aleteia.0rg
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Reformer Critics Using net to mobilize agenda or
public witness Theoblogians-theological bloggers
whose reflection and networking grant them with glocal influence as religious interpreters Oriol Domingo Paimes, Saecula-
Saeculorum (Spain)
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Spokesperson-Activists Institutions representatives Digital Spokespersons- webmasters
& digital curators functioning as spokespersons online James Abbott, Webmaster-diocese of
London Ronnie Convery- Media Rep, archdiocese
of Glasgow
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Exploring Religious Authority in New Media Culture
Initial Reflections… Creole Pioneers: Rise of unintentional
authorities, experience dissonance within communities, framed as competitor, seek to build bridges/educate
Reformer Critics: Online brings offline influence, cultivation of legitimacy
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Exploring Religious Authority in New Media Culture
Initial Reflections… Spokesperson-Advocates:
Latecomers, appointed /arise in response to perceived loss of power, recognize limits & need for engagement
Blurring of and interplay between online-offline influence, rise of negotiated & performed authority
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Thank You!
Email: [email protected]
Web: Network for New Media, Religion and Digital Culture Studies
http://digitalreligion.tamu.edu
Network Facebook Page:http://www.facebook.com/pages/Network-for-New-Media-Religion-and-Digital-Culture-Studies/199710980117804?sk=wall&filter=1