RELIGION OF ANCIENT EGYPT

BY GROUP 6

• Ancient Egyptian religion was a complex system of polytheistic beliefs and rituals which were an integral part of ancient Egyptian society. It centered on the Egyptians' interaction with many deities who were believed to be present in, and in control of, the forces and elements of nature. The practices of Egyptian religion were efforts to provide for the gods and gain their favor. Formal religious practice centered on the pharaoh, the king of Egypt. Although a human, the Pharaoh was believed to be descended from the gods. He acted as the intermediary between his people and the gods, and was obligated to sustain the gods through rituals and offerings so that they could maintain order in the universe. The state dedicated enormous resources to Egyptian rituals and to the construction of the temples.

GODS AND GODDESSES

AMUN

Appearance:

• Man with a ram-head

• A ram

• Man wearing an ostrich plumed hat

Amun was one of the most powerful gods in ancient Egypt.At the height of Egyptian civilisation he was called the 'King of the Gods'.

Amun was important throughout the history of ancient Egypt. However, when Amun was combined with the sun god Ra he was even more powerful. He was then called Amun-Ra.

RA

Ra was the sun god. He was the most important god of the ancient Egyptians.The ancient Egyptians believed that Ra was swallowed every night by the sky goddess Nut, and was reborn every morning.

GEB Appearance: He was a bearded man with a goose on his head.

Geb was considered the God of the Earth

He was the healer and provider of crops.

Egyptians believed that Geb’s laughter cause earthquakes

Egyptians had feared he might imprison the dead.

He married his sister Nut, who is the goddess of the skies

ANUBIS Anubis was the god

of embalming and the dead. Since jackals were often seen in cemeteries, the ancient Egyptians believed that Anubis watched over the dead.

Priests often wore a mask of Anubis during mummification ceremonies.

Appearance:

• Man with a jackal head

• A jackal

MUT Mut is the mother goddess. Also known

as the Queen god. She is the wife of Amun and mother of

Khonsu. Also the mother of all living things. Her hieroglyphic symbol is the vulture. The crown worn on Egypt's queens,

typifies motherhood. She is a woman wearing a vulture

headdress sometimes. Wears double crown to represent lower

and upper Egypt.

OSIRIS Osiris was a strong element in Egyptian

mythology. He was one of the four children born

from Geb and Nut. He is the great grandson of Ra. His brother and sisters are: Seth, Isis,

Nephthys. He was inherited to the throne of Egypt. Seth had to marry Nephthys and Osiris

had to marry Isis. Brother Seth angry at him because Osiris

was king Seth’s wife had a child and named him

Anubis

ISIS

Isis had great healing powers along with her being a magician and a protector

Wife of Osiris and mother of Horus

Protector of children

Is depicted carrying the sacred ankh, which symbolizes life

THE STORY OF ISIS AND OSIRIS

In the beginning, Ra sent Osiris and Isis to Egypt to teach the people goodness. Osiris was murdered by his jealous brother Seth, who scattered his body across the land in 14 pieces. Isis collected the parts and magically bound them together with cloth strips, making the first Egyptian mummy. Isis then became a bird, enfolded Osiris in her wings, and brought him back to life

OTHER GODS AND GODDESSES

• Thoth – God of Wisdom

• Horus – God of War

• Hathor – Goddess of fertility

• Taweret – Goddess of Childbirth

• Bastet – Goddess of protection and cats• When a cat died in an ancient Egyptian family, they

would shave their eyebrows off in mourning

MUMMIFICATION

The ancient Egyptians believed that a person’s body should be prepared for the afterlife.

Mummification is the process of slowly drying a dead body to stop it from rotting. In ancient Egypt, this process took about 70 days.

They removed the brain with a hooked wire and put some internal organs in canopic jars shaped to look like the sons of Horus: Imset for the liver, Ha’py for the lungs, Duamutef for the stomach, and Qebehsenuf for the intestines.

They also folded amulets into the strips they used

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