Reliable Communication - Key to Disaster Management

8/3/2019 Reliable Communication - Key to Disaster Management

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Secure and Reliable communication

Key to Disaster management

Digital Signal Processing

Chirag [email protected]

University of California Los Angeles


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Presentation Overview PART 1 Disaster Management

History of Disasters What makes it so different ?

Need of the day

Global effort

PART 2 Signal Processing Techniques Tiered Network Protocol

Traditional and non traditional network architecture

Ad-Hoc Networks

Co-operative Communication using OFDM Amplify and Forward

Decode and Forward Coded cooperation

OFDM principles

PART 3 Proposed communication Network Hybrid network architecture

2University of California Los Angeles


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DISASTER MANAGEMENTPART 1



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New Orleans

Hurricane Katrina 4University of California Los Angeles


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New Orleans

Hurricane Katrina 5University of California Los Angeles


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Oregon

Forest Fire 6University of California Los Angeles


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China (2008) 7University of California Los Angeles


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8Chernobyl (1986)University of California Los Angeles


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World Trade Center Catastrophe

Location

Densely populated

110 storied building

Emergency Management

Central Office destroyed

No coordination

Emergency personnel trapped

Communication Break down

NORAD - FAA fiasco

Outcome 2750 people died

343 Fire Fighters Died

System Failure



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What Makes it so Different?

Key Factors

Response Time

Effective and reliable

No present Infrastructure

Epidemic Control

Communication Network

PSTN /Cellular Saturated or

shutdown

Equipment reliability Extreme

conditions

Secured and compatible

Easily reconfigurable

Emergency management HQ

Away from the Incident Venue

Redundant Communication

Control and coordination

Role play of the action team

Prevent any further loss or

attack

Access cause and damage

Coordinate with respectiveagencies.



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Need of the day

Total Network Coverage

Accessible IN-OUT

Redundant

Voice, Data & video in Real Time

Resource planning Economical

Compatible

Sustainable

Security and intelligence Prevent loss of life or property

Safe guard agency personnel



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Global Effort

United States Federal Emergency Management Agency

NIMS

COP

United Kingdom Civil Contingency secretariat

India

National Disaster Management

Japan Fire and Disaster Management Agency



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SIGNAL PROCESSING TECHNIQUES

PART 2



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Teir 1

Head Quarters

Teir 2 Central Mobile Command Unit

Ambulance Police / SecurityAgency

Fire Brigade



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Tiered Network protocol

Head Quarters Located at a distance

Analysis and

Central Mobile Command

Post

Data Collection

Data Analysis

Secure exchange

Coordination

Horizontal and VerticalCommunication

Agency Personnel EMS

Para Medics and Ambulance

Medical Camps & Hospitals

Security Agency

Police

Para Military

Equipment

Fire Fighter

Personnel

Data Sink Data Source

Equipment

Sensors

Mobile terminals



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Traditional Cellular NetworkTopology



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AD - HOC Network



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AD - HOC Network

Network Topology Distributed or Decentralized

Wireless and Mobile

Self Configuring network

Random Motion

Network Components

802.11 compatible device

480 MHz 530 MHz ESP

Routing Node

Cluster

Routing table

Application Tier Mobile command post

Distributed command

Multiple service areas

Logistics management Infrastructure absence

Make and Break formation

Reestablishing sustainable

network

New Orleans

Iraq (war Zone )



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Cooperative Communication

Methodology

Amplify and Forward (AF)

Decode and forward (DF)

Coded cooperation (CC)

Transmission Additive Gaussian white noise

Fading Channel

Transmission diversity

Independent Uplink Downlink

Cover and El Gamal (1979)



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Cooperative Communication

Channel Additive Gaussian white

noise

Fading Channel

Transmitter Simultaneous transmission to

multiple mobile sets

Receiver Mobile / Stationary

SNR aware

Downlink power and route

Relay

Cell

Mobile / Stationary

Simultaneous Transmission

Power constraint

Sensor

Stationary

Low power rating

Tsunami warning system



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Amplify and Forward

Relay Amplifies received signal

No filtration

Amplifies and retransmits

Assuming the destination is

aware of certain parameters

Low power consumption

Effective noise amplification



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Decode and Forward

Sendonaris et al (2003)

Relay

Received signal is decoded and

transmitted

Noise filtering

Reduces signal retransmission

Improved voice quality



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Coded Cooperation

Channel State Information (CSI)

Receive side

Transmit side

No handshake

Physical Layer protocols

Relay Noise filtering

Reduces signal retransmission

Improved voice quality

Signal is re created



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FDD(Frequency Division Duplexing ) Uses One Frequency forthe DownLink, and a Second Frequency for the UpLink.

TDD(time Division Duplexing) Uses the same frequency for theDownlink and the Uplink.

F2 - Frequency band

UpLink

F1 - Frequency band

DownLink

FDD

F1 - Frequency band

UpLink

F1 - Frequency band

DownLink

TDD

Duplexing - Principles



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University of California Los Angeles 30

Multiplexing

Frequency Division Multiplexing ( FDD-M)Multiplexor assigns different frequencies to different users

Various calls are transmitted simultaneouslyBroadcast radio and Television and AMPS use this technique

Spectrum inefficient


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Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing

FDM

Guard bands

Analog or digital signals

Simple retrieving techniques

Same timeslot differentfrequency bands

OFDM

small guard bands

Only digital signals can betransmitted by this technique

More complex steps to retrievedata

Same time slot , same frequency



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FDM Spectrum

OFDM spectrum


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OFDM

Subcarrier frequencies

Integer multiples of samplingfrequency

Peak and null relationship

Selective fading can be

overcome

Sub channel experiences Flatfading

OFDM divides the signal into

parallel narrow-band components

from which each experiences only

a flat channel.



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PROPOSED COMMUNICATION

NETWORKPART 3



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EMSSecurity/Para

MilitaryFire Fighters

Mobile Command Post

HQ

DWP Trauma Center



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Network Management

Cooperative Communication Non Line of Sight

Redundant

Self reconfigurable

Voice , Data and Video high

stream

Use of OFDM Digital Signal easy to recreate

Multiple users

Multiple Paths

Already existing technology

Ad Hoc Network Make and Break

High Mobility

No dependence on present

infrastructure

Military applications (DARPA)



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Bibliography

A Meissner, et al., Design Challenges

for an Integrated disaster management

communication and Information

system in DIREN 2002, New York City,

IEEE INFOCOM 2002

Francesco Chiti et. al., A broadband

wireless communications system for

emergency management in IEEE

Wireless Communications, June 2008.

pp 8-14

OASIS project, Sensor web Research

Laboratory, Washington state university

US Federal Emergency Management

Agency, http://www.fema.gov/



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