Relative clauses

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BASIC Relative clauses Based on A. Aguado’s examples. Changed, Revised, and Completed by Nur Garriga

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Transcript of Relative clauses

Page 1: Relative clauses

BASIC Relative clauses

Based on A. Aguado’s examples.

Changed, Revised, and Completed

by Nur Garriga

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RELATIVE CLAUSES

NON-DEFINING

EXTRA INFORMATION

Between COMMAS

THAT

DEFINING

ESSENTIAL INFORMATION

COMMAS

THAT

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RELATIVE PRONOUNS: used for Clauses beginning with

Question Words

THAT: as WHICH OR WHO

WHICH: OBJECTS, THINGS,

IDEAS, SITUATIONS, FACTS

WHO/WHOM: PEOPLE

WHEN: TIME

WHAT: THE THING/S WHICH

WHOSE: POSSESSIVE for

PEOPLE or THINGS

WHERE / IN WHICH:

PLACES

WHY: THAT’S THE REASON

WHY

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OTHER RELATIVESWHATEVER: ANYTHING THAT…

E.g. Let’s do whatever you like, it’s your birthday!

WHENEVER: ANYTIME THAT…

E.g. Visit us whenever you can.

WHEREVER: ANYWHERE

E.g. With this cell phone you’ll have coverage anywhere, wherever you are.

ANYHOW/ANYWAY: THE WAY IN WHICH…

E.g. I’ll do that anyhow, I’m determined to do it.

WHOEVER: ANYBODY/ANYONE WHO…

E.g. Whoever you see and whatever you hear, pretend you are talking to me on the phone.

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Defining clauses give essential information about the noun/clause.

Examples:

She’s the teacher. this is incomplete, it needs a defining clause.

• She’s the teacher who gave me interesting lessons.

• Math is the subject. this is incomplete, it needs a defining clause.

• Math is the subject that gives me most problems.

• The girl who/that works at the library is very friendly.

• You’re the person the person who/thatwho/that gets the highest marks.

• School is a place which/thatwhich/that gives you education & knowledge.

• There are times whenwhen my mind goes completely blank during his lessons.

• You need to find a room wherewhere you can study properly.

• That’s the girl whosewhose brother plays basketball.

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Whose Whose versusversus Who’s Who’s

Whose refers to possession.Examples: He’s the person whose book I lost. They held a meeting whose target I did not understand.

Who’s is the contracted form of

who is or who has.Examples: He’s the one who’s very intelligent. (who is) He’s the boy who’s lived in Boston for many years. (who has).

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Omission of object pronounsOmission of object pronouns

We can omit the relative pronoun if it connects the object with the relative clause.Examples: That’s the film (that/which) we saw. He’s the teacher (that/who) I can’t stand. That’s the person (that/who) I truly love.

We often omit the relative pronouns: that, that, which which and who who in speech.

We can’t omit the relative pronoun whosewhose.

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Non-definingNon-defining give extra information which is not essential.

We cannot omit the relative pronoun.

Examples:• Ana has just passed a B-level in English.

• Last year, when I passed the A-levels, I met Steven who is my boyfriend now.

• The teachers at Miquel Biada School, where he took the exam, are delighted.

We can also combine two simple sentences by using a non-defining relative clause.

Examples:

Jaime’s sister is called Pilar. She’s a teacher.

Jaime’s sister, , whowho’s’s a teacher, a teacher, is called Pilar.

Jaime’s sister, who’s called Pilar, is a teacher.

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BASIC RELATIVE PRONOUNS & CLAUSES

THE END