Relationships In Ecology.
description
Transcript of Relationships In Ecology.
Relationships In Ecology.
Biological CommunityIntra-specific CompetitionIntra-specific CooperationInter-specific relationships:
CompetitionBrowsing/GrazingPredation and ScavengingCommensalismMutualism (symbiosis)Parasitism (ecto and endoparasites)SaprophytismAntibiosis
http://www.hickerphoto.com/data/media/166/tundra-animals_523.jpg
Biological Community.
• A population that all live and interact in the same area is a biological community.
http://www.mass.gov/envir/forest/images/multiLayerForest.jpg
Intra-specific Competition.
• Intra-specific competition is competition between individuals of the same species for essential resources.
• For example these twoDeer are both from the same species but stillcompete for mating rights and territory.
http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2150/1523863979_5235218b54.jpg?v=0
Intra-specific Cooperation• Intra-specific competition is when individual
organisms help each other for survival and reproduction.
• An example of this is when
animals join together in
herds and groups and work
together to obtain food,
avoid enemies and
watch out for each other.
http://www.desktopscenes.com/Scenes%20from%20the%20National%20Bison%20Range%20(2004)/Bison%20Herd%20on%20the%20Move.jpg
Competition.
• Competiton is when organisms in the same ecosystem go against each other for the same resources.
• For example when lions
fight against vultures
to keep their kill.
http://picasaweb.google.com/janicetipping/MasaiMaraKenya/photo#5186417424285934258
Browsing/Grazing
• Browsing and grazing is the predation of herbivores after vegetation.
• For example Rhinoceros
graze the Savannahs of
Africa for grass.
http://www.arkive.org/media/45C07EF6-9B43-405D-9A39-4F112BEB841C/Presentation.Medium/Sumatran-rhinoceros-grazing.jpg
Predation.
• Predation is the relationship of an animal hunting and feeding on another known as their prey.
• For example this Hawk
feeding on a vole
that it has hunted.
Scavenging
• Animals rely on other animals kills for food. Carnivorous but don’t hunt for themselves.
• For example Hyenas
roam in packs and
chase the hunter away
from its prey so that
they can feed
http://www.perlgurl.org/archives/blogpics/AfricaFieldNotes/WebHyena02.jpg
Commensalism
• A relationship between two organisms where one benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed
• For example a bird that
nests in a tree does not
harm the tree but
benefits from it.
http://farm1.static.flickr.com/168/474785895_3bf12968f4.jpg?v=0
Mutualism (Symbiosis)
• Mutualism is a relationship between organisms where both benefit.
• For example this Wood Pigeon (Kereru) feeds on the fruit of Puriri trees and when it excretes it spreads the trees seeds.
http://www.pacifictreasures.co.nz/site/covenant/images/FEB06_3_031_1_3.jpg
Parasitism
• Parasitism is a relationship between two organisms where one benefits and the other is harmed.
• For example maggots in a
sheep's wool. They feed on
the sheep's living flesh
causing great pain to the
sheep and eventually death.
http://www2.dpi.qld.gov.au/images/13368.jpg
Saprophytism
• A saprophyte is an animal that gains nutrients from non-living organic matter, usually plant or animal matter.
• For example a dung beetle
using animal manure to
incubate and feed is offspring.
http://www.naturephoto-cz.com/photos/mraz/dung-beetle-05a26002.jpg
Antibiosis
• Antibiosis is a relationship between two organisms that is detrimental to at least one of them.
• For example birds and
snakes in the Amazon try
to feed on Poison Arrow
Frogs but are
poisoned in the process. http://zims.isis.org/aark/YOTF%20Campaign%20Pack%20images/Dendrobates%20auratus,%20Green%20and%20Black%20Poison%20Arrow%20Frog,%20Richard%20Gibson.jpg