Reinventing the Automobile
Transcript of Reinventing the Automobile
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Reinventing the AutomobilePersonal Urban Mobility for the 21st Century Ryan Chin, MIT Media Lab, Smart Cities group
The Future of TransportationMIT EmTech @ MIT 2010
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In Memory of William J. Mitchell (1944-2010)Professor of Architecture and Media Arts and Sciences
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Big Problem: Buildings and Transportation
In the 21st century about 90% of population growth will be in urban areas; these will account for 60% of the population and 80% of the wealth. Hence, the pattern of future energy demand will increasingly be determined by urban networks.
Transportation and building operations typically account for at least 60% of urban energy use.
In congested urban areas, about 40% of total gasoline use is in cars looking for parking.-Imperial College Urban Energy Systems Project MIT Media Lab Smart Cities Group
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5.7 million cars13.56 million motorcycles/scooters. 3.5% of the growth
11 percent of the air pollution is caused by scooters.
2 person per scooter (average)4 person per car (average)6.3car per parking space9.8 scooters per parking space33% cars33%scooters10%taxi24% mass transit
Congestion and Pollution(Taiwan Case)
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1. Private Automobiles – Major source of pollution and carbon emissions; massive congestion, parking, and noise problems
2. Public Transportation – Does not cover the entire city; inconvenient and inflexible schedules
3. First Mile-Last Mile Problem
Current Problems in CitiesCongestion, Carbon Emissions, Poor Land-Use
MIT Media Lab Smart Cities Group
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The Emergence of Vehicle Sharing
1. Bicycle Sharing is exploding: By 2008 more than 80 cities around the world will offer the service. In Paris, 30,000 bicycles are rented daily.
2. Car Sharing systems like ZipCar are rapidly expanding.3. 5000 cars in the US, 10% adoption rates in cities, over 600 cities in the world have it.
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RoboScooter GreenWheel
CityCar
Mobility-on-Demand SystemsA Lightweight Electric Vehicle Ecosystem
MIT Media Lab Smart Cities Group
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Lightweight Electric Vehicles | Design and Enabling Technologies
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In-Wheel Electric Motor Technology (Wheel Robots)
MIT Media Lab Smart Cities Group
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RoboScooter Folding Electric Motor Scooter
A collaboration with:Sanyang (SYM) and Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI) of Taiwan
The RoboScooter Folding Electric Motor Scooter
MIT Media Lab Smart Cities Group
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RoboScooter Video
MIT Media Lab Smart Cities Group
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Integrated in-wheel motor and battery hub system
The GreenWheel Smart Bicycle
MIT Media Lab Smart Cities Group
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GreenWheelCut-away
300W Electric Motor
Lithium Nanophosphate Cells (by A123 Systems)
Planetary Gearbox
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GreenWheel Video
MIT Media Lab Smart Cities Group
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CityCar Video
MIT Media Lab Smart Cities Group
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Access and Maneuverability
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Energy and Space Efficient
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Exploded View: Modules and Components
MIT Media Lab Smart Cities Group
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Exploded View: Modules and Components
MIT Media Lab Smart Cities Group
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CityCar Half-Scale Prototype
MIT Media Lab Smart Cities Group
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CityCar Folding Sequence
MIT Media Lab Smart Cities Group
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CityCar Folding Chassis
MIT Media Lab Smart Cities Group
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CityCar Half-Scale Prototype Video
MIT Media Lab Smart Cities Group
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MIT Media Lab Smart Cities Group
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MIT Media Lab Smart Cities Group
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Smart Grids | Electric Charging Infrastructure
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Renewable Power, Energy Storage, and Smart GridsWith large-scale use, car stacks throw enormous battery capacity into the electrical grid.
Effective utilization of inexpensive, off-peak power and clean but intermittent power sources – solar, wind, wave, etc.
A smart, distributed power generation system composed of these sources (the entire city as a virtual power plant) minimizes transmission losses.
MIT Media Lab Smart Cities Group
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Developing Electric Charging Infrastructure
Integrate transformers into nearby buildings or use existing building electrical infrastructure
MIT Media Lab Smart Cities Group
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Battery Performance and Specifications
Lithium-ion battery cells based on nano-phosphate electrode technology to provide low impedance batteries that can be rapidly recharged.-Typical battery cost is about 300-700 Euros per Kilowatt-hr
26650 Cell: Delivers 2.3 Amp-hours at 3.3V-Fast charge (15 min) at 10A to
` 3.6V (36 Watts/cell).
HD Prismatic Cell: Delivers 20 Amp-hours at 3.3V-Fast charging research in progress by EVT. -Similar rapid-charging characteristics as 26650.
CityCar: 5 to 15 kW/hr battery pack. Using 10 kW/hr as benchmark:- Target weight of vehicle is 1000 lbs ≈ 450 kg - Approx. 150 Watt-hrs/mile- Requires ~1320 26650 cylindrical cells or ~150 HD prismatic cells- Target cost < 2000 Euros per 5 kW/hr battery pack
MIT Media Lab Smart Cities Group
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Vehicle Charge Times by Power Source
*Times calculated using ideal calculations given 100% power transfer
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Contactless Inductive Charging
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Fleet Management | System Dynamics, Logistics, and IT
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MIT Media Lab Smart Cities Group
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Dynamic Pricing
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Dynamic Pricing
MIT Media Lab Smart Cities Group
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Urban Implications and deploymentCase studies in Singapore, Boston, Taipei, Florence
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Parking Ratios: 3 to 1
MIT Media Lab Smart Cities Group
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MIT Media Lab Smart Cities Group
Parking Ratios: 3 to 1
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Autonomous Parking + Folding$ 29,000 savings per vehicle for parking garage construction
270 sq ft per car @ $150/ sq ft = $40,500 per carX 50 cars = $2,025,000 for parking structure
77 sq ft per car @ $150/ sq ft = $11,550 per carX 50 cars = $577,500 for parking structure
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MIT Media Lab Smart Cities Group
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Taipei City Implementation
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Boston, MA
MIT Media Lab Smart Cities Group
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Florence, Italy
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Thank You | MIT Media Lab Smart Cities Group
“It’s important to get the technology and the policy right, but in the end, the way you break a logjam is by engaging people’s imagination, people’s desire, by creating things that they never thought of before.”
-- William J. Mitchell
MIT Media Lab Smart Cities Group
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Ryan Chin, PhD CandidateEmail: [email protected]: http://cities.media.mit.edu
Kent Larson, Principal InvestigatorRyan Chin, PhD CandidateChih-Chao Chuang, MS CandidateCharles Guan, B.S. CandidateWilliam Lark, Jr., PhD CandidateMichael Chia-Liang Lin, MS CandidateDimitris Papanikolaou, MS Research AffiliateNicholas Pennycooke, MS CandidateRaul-David “Retro” Poblano, PhD CandidateChris Post, M.Eng CandidatePraveen Subramani, MS Candidate
MIT Media Lab | Smart Cities Group