Reinvent the Toilet Demonstration Insights from Gujarat · PDF filesystem with appeal for...
Transcript of Reinvent the Toilet Demonstration Insights from Gujarat · PDF filesystem with appeal for...
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Reinvent the Toilet Demonstration
Insights from Gujarat
UNC Water & Health Conference - 2017
Presenter: Myles Elledge
www.abettertoilet.org
Partnerships Make It Possible
Create a waste treatment and toilet system that is …
1. “Off-grid”. Does not require an external source of electricity, water or sewer
2. A waste treatment system treats all pathogens on-site
3. An affordable system operating on no more than 5 cents per person / per day
4. An aspirational waste treatment & toilet system with appeal for developed and developing countries applications
BMGF Reinvent the Toilet Challenge
On-site Waste Treatment
Prototype Site @ CEPT University
• Batch processing solid and liquid waste, recycling liquid for flush water. Potential to supply treated water for additional purposes
• Solid-liquid separator and macerator processing waste to dried fuel, (currently doing ~1kg / week)
• Aspirational cabin design featuring quality space, lighting, ventilation, ergonomics, safety, privacy and MHM
• User insights on RT [1200 HH survey, 92 FGDs +900 people, over 1000 users]
Summary: Field Prototype Testing @ CEPT
• Liquid treatment– Positive views on water-saving features– Interest in water treatment simplicity– Positive views on reuse, varying reaction to specific
additional uses of recycled water– Odor, color, clarity drivers for reuse
• Solid Waste Combustion– General comfort/familiarity with burning solid waste– Appreciate potential to generate energy
• MHM– Discrete disposal at-site is highly valued feature– Strong support for incineration as strategy on-site– On-site disposal & water potential driver to toilet use
Product Adoption User Findings
Schools are often places where children, teachers and staff don’t have access to adequate sanitation services. Attendance, participation, as well as the overall health and environment at schools could be addressed through on-site waste treatment that does not require piped sewerage. Opportunity to influence behavior change, improve health and education outcomes.
Stakeholder Engagement Leads to Targeted Market Segments
Shared or community toilets are needed in a vast number of residential communities in the developing world. Space or money may be a constraint to household toilets. Shared facilities are a workable solution for many communities – managed in a cooperative or pay-per-use model. Opportunity to improve well-being, health and education outcomes..
Small and medium sized enterprises often are working in shells of buildings or in warehouse settings in industrial zones without bathrooms. Factories with hundreds of textile, metal working, plastics or other industries, are often found wanting for the provision of safe sanitation for the health and safety of its day-laborers. Opportunity to influence worker safety, influence behavior, improve worker well-being.
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Transportation hubs are frequently cited areas of concern for public sanitation. Thousands of passengers or drivers might come in and out of a transport hub to catch a bus or train, exchange cargo, or rest along a journey. Sanitation options are few because infrastructure costs are high, and the options, if present, are often not safe, clean or functional. Opportunity to influence behavior, improve worker well-being.
Stakeholder Engagement Leads to Targeted Market Segments
Large commercial construction sites often have 100-300 workers on site, many in temporary camps with their families for 1-2 years while the construction is underway. Sanitation is often poor, and has an impact on worker health and productivity, and site cleanliness. Opportunity to improve workplace safety and worker well-being.
U.S. Army Natick TOWR (Toilet with On-site Remediation)
Levering Additional Programs
Contact
http://abettertoilet.org/
Myles [email protected]
RTI International3040 E. Cornwallis Rd.Research Triangle Park, NC 27709www.rti.org
Contact
Field testing Transformative
Technologies in Tamil Nadu
Prepared for the UNC Water and Health Conference
October 18, 2017
Sonia Grego, Senior Scientist, STeP program
RTI International
STeP provides a full range of services through a collaboration of
global experts and organizations that removes risk and streamlines
the path to market, fostering greater success for its partners.
The Sanitation Technology Platform (STeP) helps move transformative sanitation technology from prototype to product.
7
Reinvent the Toilet technologies are maturing
Field testing of Reinvent the Toilet technologies
• Test
• Learn
• Repeat
Field testing: an iterative process
Key local partner: PSG Institute of
Medical Science and Research
City: Coimbatore
State: Tamil Nadu
Field team in Coimbatore
Antony Raj
Project
ManagerRTI Global India
Aravind
M. Tech Env.
EngineerRTI Contractor
Sarani Sasidharan
B. Tech Env.
EngineerRTI Global India
Prakash Sr.
Engineering
supportRTI Global India
Milan Basil
M. Tech Env.
Engineer
IIT-M
Viswa Barani
MicrobiologistPSG IMSR
Partners:
Multi unit
• Multi-story apartment
• 20 people
Technologies under test
Single unit Type:
Site:• Male toilet block
• 4 stalls
Single unit
• Female toilet block
• 10 stalls
Kohler system – Electrochemical
disinfection of water for reuse for
flushing
Overview of CLASS Technology
• CLASS Prototypes were built by Kohler in Pune, India
• Electrochemical disinfection based on Caltech Technology
Design: ▪ Multi-family, blackwater processing unit. ▪ Water re-used for toilet flushing
Key principles▪ anaerobic settling tank pretreats waste▪ Electrochemical oxidation converts
chloride to produce chlorine, a pathogen killing disinfectant
Closed Loop Advanced Sanitation System
Treated
Water Tank
Settling
Tanks
Electro
chemical
Reactor CLASS
Unit
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CLASS field testing results
181 Days of operation in
closed loop
100,000+ Volume of waste water
treated (L)
< 1 E.Coli (cfu/ml)
Features of Testing Site:
• Location: Serene Senior Living apartment complex• Domestic toilet use• Unit connected externally to 3-5 apartments, ~
20 users• Sewage connection to system to ensure *no*
disruption in water or wastewater services to the residents
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See M. Elledge presentation on Thursday 2:30 pm room Mountain Laurel
University of Toronto
Smoldering toilet
University of Toronto
From Vohra et al, FSM 4 presentation
Key principle:
• Designed to serve a single toilet in a household setting
• Dewatered solid waste combusted by smoldering:
o Oxygen limited thermal process
o Analogous to a burning cigarette
Field testing of prototypes
requires:
• A raised toilet-stall area
• A toilet block with customized housing structure
Dewatering unit
Liquid
Squat plate
Reactor 48 in (1.2 m)
PSG campus Male toilet block
• Construction workers temporary housing camp
• ~ 400 male laborers
• age ~20–45 years
• From other Indian states, multiple languages are spoken
Caretakers open at set
hours
Users entrance separate
from engineering area
Four stalls for users, separate from engineering area
▪ U. Toronto technology system was
tested in April- May 2017
▪ Obtained new, realistic inputs for
process design
▪ Revised module to be tested in
November 2017
Duke – RTI
Water Innovation Closet (WiC)
Duke-RTI
WiC: Beta Prototype Design
• Accepts urine and feces as a mixture
• Solid waste is dried and burned to convert the mass into electricity that powers the system
• Liquid waste is disinfected by electrochemical oxidation
• Prototype unit operational in Ahmedabad, India: field tests and user studies conducted since September 2015
For testing of beta prototypes in Coimbatore:
▪ A women toilet block built on a private commercial site at VKSM mills
VKSM women toilet block
Site: VKSM textile mills, privately owned
Number of potential users: 22 females workers living on the premises; planning to hire 80 women (160 men)
Resident age and tenure: 18-28 years old, 4 to 5 Years
Workers origin: Northern India, mostly Orissa and Bihar Women toilet block:
10 stalls, 10 showers, hand washing and cloth washing
Comprehensive analysis of the system outputs, aligned with methods being developed for ISO
Towards standardized testing
ISO 30500 Draft “Non-sewered sanitation systems”
In early stages: standard“Community scale FS treatment units”
Stay tuned for commercial products
coming soon!
STeP uses market insights to answer key questions about target markets and value proposition.
MARKET INSIGHTS- INDIA
Target Markets
Which market(s) should my technology / product target?
• Which customer segments are likely to buy and/or adopt the technology?
• Which geographic markets are most promising for scale?
• What user context or behavior and macro trends are influencing these segments?
Value Proposition
How do I ensure my product / technology achieves a value proposition?
• Who is the customer and who are the stakeholders that influence the customer?
• What do they value?
• What features should the technology have?
• What business models enable adoption and financial sustainability?
• What is the value of the technology against competing solutions?
We conduct market intelligence and user studies focused on three product categories.
A system that that treats waste for a single-unit (<
10 users).
Single Unit RT (SURT)
A system that that treats waste for multiple units
(10-100 users).
Multi Unit RT (MURT)
A system that that treats waste for an entire community / city
(10,000-1 Million users).
Omni Processor (OP)
MARKET INSIGHTS- INDIA
The studies tell us critical information about customer segments, purchasing pathways and market size.
MARKET INSIGHTS- INDIA
Market Insights for the RT, India
• Based on extensive primary
research (e.g. >300 qual.
Interviews in India).a
• Identifies residential customer
segments
• Sizes market segments
• Profiles customer, purchasing
pathways, points of intervention
• Provides technology insights (e.g.
acceptable range for parameters
such as footprint, electricity)
Stakeholder Perspectives Study,
India
• 2-phased study: high level
analysis of 4 shared use cases,
deep dive into religious sites
and factories.
• Phase 2 provides technology
insights and compares
stakeholder needs against
features of the RT.
• Defines personas: unicorns,
influencers, and average joes
TheSanitationTechnologyPlatform
PleaseNote:ThisreportisagoodfaitheffortbyRTIInternationaltoaccuratelyrepresentinformation
availableviasecondaryandprimarysourcesatthetimeoftheinformationcapture.Thereportis
confidentialandproprietaryandonlyforinternalusesandnotforpublicationorpublicdisclosure.
StakeholderPerspectivesStudy
Forthcoming
Weareintheprocessofsynthesizing/
consolidatingthisreport.Myintentionistocover(a)whichsub-segmentsappear
mostinteresting(b)thehigh-levelqualitativefindingsthathavetechnology
implications.
J-OP Market Landscape, India
• Market roadmap for bringing
the J-OP to market in India
• Characterizes the policy
landscape
• Defines a market entry strategy,
including city sequencing
• Estimates market size by use
case
• Identifies potential project
development partners
Indian Market Insights Study: Bottom up market segmentation revealed 9 distinct segments.
MARKET INSIGHTS- INDIA
Stakeholder Perspectives Study- Key insights from religious sites define desired technology features.
MARKET INSIGHTS- INDIA
Despite massive fluctuations in terms of
users, preference for permanent infrastructure.
Portability is desired for temporary gatherings
Dissatisfaction with 3rd
party service providers, resulting in desire to take
ownership of such activities
Concerns over handling multiple types of waste
(i.e. including waste from onsite meal preparation)
Sound not an issue,
especially in cities
Live flames = potential safety
hazard
Taboosaround
handling human waste
ash
Smell not a big concern except if
using recycled water for bathing
Radiant heat not an issue so long as it was away from human
contact
Concerns over water scarcity and desire for
water recycling & reuse. Limitations to use.
The J-Omni Processor is a community scale fecal sludge to energy technology.
MARKET INSIGHTS- INDIA
Inputs: • Dewatered fecal sludge, biosolids,
supplemental biomass
Outputs: • Surplus electricity and heat• Pathogen free ash• Ultra-pure water
Value Proposition: • Complete pathogen destruction• Sellable by-products can offset a portion of
project costs• Fits within existing FS collection systems• Small footprint, large volumes treated (~500-
1,000 m3/d).
To enable product deployment, STeP assessed the market landscape for the J-OP in India.
MARKET INSIGHTS- INDIA
Thank you.
MARKET INSIGHTS- INDIA
TheSanitationTechnologyPlatform
PleaseNote:ThisreportisagoodfaitheffortbyRTIInternationaltoaccuratelyrepresentinformation
availableviasecondaryandprimarysourcesatthetimeoftheinformationcapture.Thereportis
confidentialandproprietaryandonlyforinternalusesandnotforpublicationorpublicdisclosure.
Forthcoming
TheSanitationTechnologyPlatform
PleaseNote:ThisreportisagoodfaitheffortbyRTIInternationaltoaccuratelyrepresentinformation
availableviasecondaryandprimarysourcesatthetimeoftheinformationcapture.Thereportis
confidentialandproprietaryandonlyforinternalusesandnotforpublicationorpublicdisclosure.
StakeholderPerspectivesStudy
Forthcoming
Weareintheprocessofsynthesizing/
consolidatingthisreport.Myintentionistocover(a)whichsub-segmentsappear
mostinteresting(b)thehigh-levelqualitativefindingsthathavetechnology
implications.
Available from STeP website: www.stepsforsanitation.org
• Registration is currently a requirement
• Working towards making access faster.
• You can register OR use this log-in for immediate access:
• st3ps4s@nitation
• If the report you’re interested in is not online yet (it will be soon), request online or email me ([email protected])