REIMAGINING TRANSPORTATION :

SUSTAINABLE MOBILITYKuala Lumpur Convention Centre

23 October 20172017

Jaehak OH

Vice President

The Korea Transport Institute

Building Nation Through Public Transport in Korea

2

Contents

Ⅰ

Ⅱ

Ⅲ

Ⅳ

Economic Growth and Transport Investment

Korea’s Major Public Transport Investments

Funding for Transport Investment

Lessons and Future Policies

3

Ⅰ. Economic Growth and

Transport Investment

4

Functions of Transportation

Fast and Safe Movement of Passengers and Freight

Connecting Production and Consumption

Creating New Market and Employment

5

Korea’s Transport Performance

Low Energy Consumption

* Source: World Bank (2012)

Albania

Bahrain

Brunei Darussalam

China

CyprusFrance

Germany

India

Japan

KoreaMexico

New Zealand

Philippines

Singapore

Slovenia

SpainUK

USA

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0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000 80000 90000

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secto

r en

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sum

pti

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(kto

e)/

Po

p

GDP (US $)

6

Key Features of Korea’s Transport Model

Timely Transport Investment

Intermodal Planning and Sustainable Financing

Transit-Oriented Policies

Utilization of ICT

Achieving both Economic Growth

and Sustainable Transport

7

Ⅱ. Korea’s Major Public Transport

Investments

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1970 1980 1990 2000

1970 Seoul-Busan Expressway

1978 Busan port

2003 Incheon Int'l Airport

2004 Korea Train Express (KTX)

2009Transport System Efficiency Act

1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th

‘62 ‘66 ‘71 ‘76 ‘81 ‘86 ‘91

Five-Year Economic Development Plan

National Transport Network Plan ('99~'20)

History of Major Transport Investments

2015

1974 Urban Railway

1994Transport Infra.Special Account

1978 ITS Construction

9

7X9 National Highway Network(1970)

7Ⅹ9 National

Highway Network

- Access the national

artery road network

within 30 minutes

from everywhere

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중장기검토노선

계 획 노 선

추 진 중

공 용 중

범 례

Seoul

Busan

10

Incheon International Airport (2003)

Key of National Growth:

- Recoreded 46 million of annual PAX(as of 2014)

Achieved an ACI’s

“Best Airport Wolrdwide

Award” 10 years in a row

for its service excellence

- Transfer rate:

11.4%(‘01) → 16.0%(‘14)

11

HSR Network Development (opening in 2004)

KTX Expansion Plan

- High-speed rail network:

1,399.8km(‘15) → 2,361km(‘20)

- Benefit rage by KTX:

84% of population,

82% of national territory

- Link between major cities

within 90 minutes

Seoul

Yongsan

Gwangmyung

Cheonan∙Asan

Busan

Osong

Gimcheon(Gumi)

Ulsan

Yeosu Expo

Jinju

Pyungtack

Daejeon

Pohang

Singyeongju

Incheon Airport

Dongdaegu

Milyang

ChangwonGwangju Songjung

Mokpo

Jungeup

Iksan

Gongju

Suseo Wonju

Gangneung`

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Changes in Transport

Restructuring of national territory into one mega-city

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Legend≤30mins≤60mins

[ 2004 ] [ 2012 ]

Legend≤30mins≤60mins

Expansion of HSR service area 39.7% → 55.5%

14

2003 2012

Seoul~

Daegu

Seoul~

Busan

Change in modal share of inter-city trips

15

Regional Economic Activities

Convention and meeting activities in KTX station and cities

[ 2003 ] [ 2011 ]

16

Move in

Move out

(unit : person)

Decentralization(Straw Effect)

Population in capital region : starting to decrease

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Urban Railways (Starting from 1974)

1st Phase (~1985) 2nd Phase (~2001) 3rd Phase (~2014)

4 Lines, 115 Stations

(134.9km)

8 Lines, 263 Stations

(286.9km)

20 Lines, 558 Stations

(974.8km)

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Efficient Use of Highway (HOV)

Express HOV Lane

- Introduced in 1994

- Length : 134km

- Bus and 9 or more seats

passenger cars or vans

are allowed to use

(6 or more persons)

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Efficient Use of Highway (BRT)

Bus Rapid Transit in Seoul

Metropolitan Area

- Transit network of Median

Exclusive Bus Lane

- Seoul city: 12 corridors,

100.4km

- Gyeonggi province :

5 corridors, 90.4km

- Provides Faster and Reliable Travel Service

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2004 Seoul Public Transport Reform

[ 2004 Seoul Public Transport Reform Project]

- Redesigning bus routes (hub-spoke bus network)

- Integrated fare system through smart card

- Semi-public operation system

- Median bus lane system and public transfer center

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For Passenger

• Route and operation Info.

• Bus Arrival Time

BIT

InternetMobileARS Seoul BMS

• Bus real-time

location Info.

• Interval and operation

Info.

• Bus Interval Info.

• Bus Operation Info.

Bus Company

• Bus Location

• Allocating Buses

• Notice

-Real-time Bus

Operation Info.

-Bus Operation DB

-Real-time

Bus Information

-Route and Transfer

Information

On-board device

installed on every bus

Bus Information and Management System

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Boarding TimeUser’s Basic Info.

(Adult/Student/Child)

Get off Bus & StopTotal DistanceTotal Fare

IN OUT

Subway StationTime of Transit Passage

Get off Time Total DistanceTotal Fare

IN OUT

SubwayBus

Card Transaction

Data Center

Smart Card Payment System

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Ⅲ. Funding for Transport

Investment

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Transport Infrastructure Special Account

Funding for Transport Infrastructure (1994)

[ Transport Infrastructure Special Account ]

- Securing stable financial resources

- Based on the revenue from ear-marked fuel tax

Stable Financing(Transport Infra.Special Account)

TimelyInvestment

IncreasingAutomoblieOwnership

AchievingTop 5

AutomobileIndustry

Virtuous Cycle for Transport Investment

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Fuel Tax

Mileage based fuel tax

- 13.8 trillion KRW / year

- Funding for transport

infra. (highway, rail,

airport and seaport)

- Major resources for

transport infra.

special account

60 (4%)

706 (47%)

736 (49%)

(Transport Tax 36%)

50 (4%)

690 (55%)

514 (41%)

(Transport Tax 31%)

Diesel Gasoline

KRW/L KRW/L

Retail price : 1,502 KRW/L Retail price : 1,254 KRW/L

Profit

Tax

Supply price

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Financial Resource Allocation by Mode

YearRoad(%)

Rail(%)

Airport(%)

Port(%)

Others(%)

Total Budget(Trillion KRW)

1994 62.6 21.5 7.1 8.8 0.0 4.53

2000 61.1 23.2 6.0 7.9 1.8 12.33

2005 53.0 26.7 3.1 13.5 3.8 13.06

2008 52.8 27.4 1.7 13.1 5.1 13.22

2012 52.7 37.6 0.8 8.9 - 15.01

2014 44.8 36.0 0.5 8.0 10.7 18.89

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Ⅵ. Lessons and Future

Policies

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Lessons of Korea’s Model

Timely transport investment

- Establishing virtuous cycle for infra. investment

StableFunding

ExpandingAutomobile

Industry

Increasing

Automobile

Ownership

TimelyTransport

Investment

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Infrastructure supply and demand management

should be implemented in parallel.

Sustainable funding should be established as a key

policy.

Highway-based public transport

Utilization of ICT for Transport Operation

- Supporting passengers and freight transport

Lessons of Korea’s Model

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Future Policies

☞ The Successful Way to Sustainable Transport(Climate Change & Economic Growth)

Policy Paradigm in Transition

Car Human-Oriented

Construction Operation-Oriented

Supplier User-Oriented

Demand Following Goal-Oriented

2017

THANK YOU