Regulating Power for Hydro Power Plant (Final 08042014).pdf
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Advanced hydraulic design of Pelton turbinesDr. Etienne Parkinson, Head R&D Vevey, Switzerland
Santiago, Chile, November 2010
Regulating Power for Hydro Power Plant
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Main Topics
1. PLN System
2. Runner Replacement
3. Regulating Power in Europe
2www.andritz.com
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PLN System
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Regulating Power - Missing Considerations
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System Planning Generation expansion plan to meet
increasing demand (Optimization of Capex & Opex)
P3B • System Security
• System Quality (frequency & voltage)
• Economic dispatch (Optimization ofOpex only)
PJB & IP Operate Power Plant based on P3B
instruction
Missing Regulating Power needs (Capex & Opex)
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Regulating Power - Missing Considerations
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Why Hydro Peaker 24 hrs Regulating Power?
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Common practice in the world
Significant fuel saving
Opportunity runner replacement after 20 years operation
Available technology at competitive price (small additionalcost is required).
Optimizing Capex & Opex as compared to thermal
(Combined-cycle power plant) alternative
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Regulating Power Study Formulation
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Identify regulating power needs in Jawa-Bali system in theoff peak period
Calculate fuel cost incurred during off peak produced byCombined-cycle power plant.
Identify Hydro Peaker unit(s) which require runner replacement
Optimize Capex (incremental cost only) + Opex Hydroregulating power vs fuel cost by Combined-cycle power plant
Remark: In Jawa Bali System while peak load has increased from 14.000 MW (2005)
to 22.000 MW, no new big Hydro Power Plant peaker is instal led.
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PAYBACK PERIOD CIRATA RUNNER
A A
Fuel Saving Calculation
Assumptions
During the peak hours (from 5 pm – 9 pm), existing Peaking Hydro power plants are
performing full frequency for the Jawa-Bali power system.
During off-peak hours (from 10 pm – 4 pm on the following day), the frequency regulation are
taken over by the existing combined-cycle power plants.
After modification, one unit of Cirata will reduce/replace the operation/output of 125 MW
existing combined-cycle power plant(s) during off-peak hours.
The new mode of operation will produce fuel cost saving in the Jawa-Bali power system
during off-peak hours as a result of Cirata runner modification.
Thermal efficiency of a combined-cycle power plant: 40%.
Types and prices of fuel for combined-cycle power plants:
1. Natural Gas Price: USD 5 / MMBtu
2. HSD Oil Price: EUR 2.36 / gallon
Incremental (additional cost) for modification of one unit : EURO 300,000
8www.andritz.comPrepared by: Mr. Adhi Satriya
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Fuel Saving Calculation
Calculation based on Natural Gas PriceBB
Incremental (additional cost)
for modification of one unit 300,000 EUR
Efficiency of combined-cycle
power plant 40%Natural Gas Price 5USD / MMBtu
Energy conversion 1 MMBtu
equals to 293.071kWh
1 EUR equals to 1.3702USD
Installed Capacity 125 MW 125 MW 125 MW 125 MW 125 MW
Daily off-peak energy production 20 h 16 h 12 h 8 h 4 h
Energy production of modified
unit of Cirata during off-peak
hours 2500 MWh 2000 MWh 1500 MWh 1000 MWh 500 MWh
Off-peak reagulating power
costs generated bycombined-cycle PP based on
Natural Gas 0.0311 EUR/kWh 0.0311 EUR/kWh 0.0311 EUR/kWh 0.0311 EUR/kWh 0.0311 EUR/kWh
Costs per day 77,819 EUR/day 62,255 EUR/day 46,691 EUR/day 31,127 EUR/day 15,564 EUR/day
Payback after 4 days 5 days 6 days 10 days 19 days
PAYBACK PERIOD CIRATA RUNNER
9www.andritz.comPrepared by: Mr. Adhi Satriya
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Fuel Saving Calculation
Calculation based on HSD Oil PriceCC
Incremental (additional cost)
for modification of one unit 300,000 EUR
Efficiency combined-Cycle
power plant 40%
HSD Oil Price 2.36EUR / gallon
Energy density of HSD oil 9.794 kWh / liter
1 gallon equals to 3.7854 liter
Installed Capacity 125 MW 125 MW 125 MW 125 MW 125 MW
Daily off-peak energy production 20 h 16 h 12 h 8 h 4 h
Energy production of modified
unit of Cirata during off-peak
hours 2500 MWh 2000 MWh 1500 MWh 1000 MWh 500 MWh
Off-peak reagulating power
costs generated by
combined-cycle PP based on
HSD oil 0.1591 EUR/kWh 0.1591 EUR/kWh 0.1591 EUR/kWh 0.1591 EUR/kWh 0.1591 EUR/kWh
Costs per day 397,849 EUR/day 318,280 EUR/day 238,710 EUR/day 159,140 EUR/day 79,570 EUR/day
Payback after 1 day 1 day 1 day 2 days 4 days
PAYBACK PERIOD CIRATA RUNNER
10www.andritz.comPrepared by: Mr. Adhi Satriya
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Runner Replacement
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Why Hydro Power can be used for ancillary service?
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Hydro Power Plants can provide Primary and Secondary Reserve Energy
most economically and get paid for Ancil lary Services !
• Compared to other types of power plants Hydro Power Plants are able to provide very
fast and easy ancillary service (power regulation).
• Hydro Power Plants are predestinated to take over tasks regarding primary control and
power regulation!
• In the usual scheduled refurbishment after centuries of operation a hydro power plantcan be designed for power regulation.
• This can be done very economical. The additional costs for certain analysis (strength
analysis, etc.) and for a most likely slightly heavier runner are low compared to the
capability of power regulation.
• This solution reduces tremendous the OPEX and leads to least CAPEX costs.
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Why CIRATA HPP Power Plant is a good choice?
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NO DETAILEDINVESTIGATIONS in
1984
INTERESTED AREA• CIRATA HPP is since 30 years in operation. Due to
the life time analysis a refurbishment or a runnerreplacement is reasonable with regards to
efficiency and maintenance costs.
• CIRATA HPP has been equipped already with
some new governors which can be used for power
regulation.
• The center line of CIRATA is very low (deep setting
level). This gives a major advantageous in part load
operation. This leads to a smoother part load
operation (less pressure pulsation, less noise, etc.)
and allows the operation from 0 - 100% withoutrestrictions.
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Refurbishment Alternatives!
Option 1: Runner Replacement without
development
Scope of Supply:
Manufacturing, Installation
Option 2: Runner Replacement with new
developed runner
Scope of Supply:
Development (CFD & model test), Transient Calculation,
Design, Manufacturing, Installation
Option 3: Runner Replacement with new
developed runner which can be used for
power regulation
Scope of Supply:
Development (CFD & model Test) under consideration
of the operation range, Transient Calculation, Special
analysis, Design, Manufacturing, Installation
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Additional Analysis needed
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Special analysis regarding:
• Lifetime Analysis & Stress Analysis
• Critical Speed & Turbine Shaft stress
• Spiral case & stay vanes stress
analysis
• Wicket gate mechanism (analysis)
• Guide vane stress analysis• Bottom ring & head cover
• Regulation ring
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Design Differences
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The difference of the runner fit for power regulation compared to a
conventional are:
• runner will be slightly heavier to withstand the dynamic forces in part
load (robust design)
• we have to investigate the possibility of air admission to avoid harmful
pressure fluctuations and noise in part load operation
• the efficiency of the runner will be slightly lower compared to a
conventional runner due to the thicker blades at the runner trailingedge
• the costs of the runner will be about 10% higher
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Regulating Power in Europe
17www.andritz.comPrepared by: Mr. Adhi Satriya
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European Grid – What‘s the situation now?
• The loads in the grid have been increased dramatically. Peaking becomes moreand more necessity. -> Peaking!
• Also the end consumer have changed over the last years. For example new
television are very voltage sensitive. -> Voltage Control!
• In parallel the production of sustainable energy due to the installed wind andsolar power plant increased.
• Energy out of wind and solar have following main disadvantegous:
• intermittency
• low predictable
• low reliable
• non dispatchable
• The load in the grid is changing and to remain with all synchronous generators
at synchronous frequency we have to regulate it fast. -> Frequency Control!
• Frequency control is needed to balance the generated and consumed energy.
Is also needed to allow the connection of tow grids.
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The ENTSO-E Grid – at present
Supply of appr.
450 million people with
electricity
900 GW Generating capacity
Annual electrical consumption
appr. 3500 TWh
ENTSO-E – European Network of Transmission System Operators
Zone 1 Zone 2
TWh
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The ENTSO-E Grid – in the future
Supply of appr.800 million people with
electricity
Appr. 1200 GW installedcapacity
Increasing grid stability
Hydro Power as
stabilizing factor
Inter-Area Oscillation Hydro Power as damping
factor
World-wide the largest synchronous grid without existing example !
UCTE Netz - Union for the Coordination of Transmission of Electricity
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The Role of Renewable Energy in the Grid
Renewable Energy has
tremendously strengthened
its role in the European
energy mix increasingtendency
Germany 2010:
25 GW installed windpower
10 GW installed solar
power
Require backup for base load
and peak Hydro Power
PlantsENTSO-E Grid Szenario 2010 - 2025
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Wind Energy Development in Germany
German Wind Power
Plants 1990
German Wind Power
Plants 2011 (27 GW)www.andritz.com
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Solar Energy Development in Germany
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German Solar Power Plants 2005-2012
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Grid Regulation & Grid Stabili ty
System Inertia
Governor
Load Frequency Control
Anci llary Services
Dispatching Control
1sec 1min 1hr
L o a d
F l u c t u a t i o n
Approx.1-3% of Network
Capacity
Primary Control Secondary Control
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Hydro Power Plants can provide Primary and
Secondary Reserve Energy most economically
and get paid for Anci llary Services !
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Hydro Power Plants providing ancillary services
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fast – flexible – powerful in order to balance the grid
Production
Consumption
Hydropower plus Wind
schematic illustration
MW
Frequency Control
Load
Hydro
Wind
source: IEA - World Energy Outlook 2010; IEA – Projected Costs of Generating Electrici ty 2010
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Frequency regulation
primary control reserve
secondary control reserveminute reserve
Keep stability in case of grid
disturbances, black start
capability
rebuild grid after
blackouts
Reactive power- resp.voltage control
Island operation capabili ty
Example: Required control reserve in “ Regelzone APG“
Installed Capacity GWp: ~13 GW
Primary control reserve: ± 70 MW
Secondary control reserve: ± 200 MW
Minute reserve: ± ca. 480 MW
Anci llary Services
Hydro Power Technology: Ideal for Ancillary Services
Hydro delivers Regulating Power Fast – Flexibel - Powerful
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The Situation
OPEX cost using gas fired power station for regulating power are very high
CAPEX for planting up of new Open Cycle capacity which is expensive
Due to enough fossil base load (coal and gas fired power station) hydro
power plants with low capacity factors could be switched to peaking andregulating functions
The planned Pump Storage wil l ease the situation
Shift of existing Hydro Assets due for rehabilitation to Regulation Power isa valid option to use minimal CAPEX to reduce OPEX for Regulation Power
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Shift of existing Hydro Assets due for rehabilitation to
Regulation Power
Peaking
Higher regulating regime
Full Ancil lary Servicecapabilities
Smooth frequency control
Fast response time
Peaking
Limited frequency control
Limited Anci llary ServicesSlower Response time
Low OPEX
Least Cost CAPEX forRunner replacement
Fast Implementation time
High OPEX
Higher CAPEX for Capacityaddition
Longer Implementationtime
Regulationby Gas
Open Cycle
Regulationby Hydro
Power
FunctionFunction
www.andritz.com
Increase Efficiency in part load operation and enhance Regulation functions
Now
Af ter assessment and
modification