Regional Visions of Integrated Sustainable Infrastructure Optimised for Neighbourhoods
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Regional Visions of Integrated Sustainable Infrastructure Optimised for Neighbourhoods
Urban Water Management
Dr Raziyeh Farmani ([email protected])
Centre for Water Systems, University of Exeter, UK
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Regional Visions of Integrated Sustainable Infrastructure Optimised for Neighbourhoods
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Regional Visions of Integrated Sustainable Infrastructure Optimised for Neighbourhoods
Research• Water Resources Management,
– Groundwater contamination, Denmark– Integrated aquifer management, Spain– Flood plain management, Hungary and Ukraine
• Asset Management, – Water distribution system, Portugal, UK, Iran– Irrigation networks, Spain– Water supply, Czech Republic
• Hydroinformatics– Development and application of optimisation techniques to engineering
systems– ICT (smart water metering) for supply-demand management
• Urban Water and sustainability, – UK and Italy
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• UK Context and approach• Research:
– Form– Function
• Conclusions
OutlineOutline
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UK water contextUK water context
• Reduce per capita potable water demand to 130 l/p/d by 2030
• Improve surface water management, especially to manage flood risk
• Continue progress in improving environmental water quality to Water Framework Directive ‘good’ status
• Reduce greenhouse gas emissions (80% by 2050).
• Provide 200,000 new homes by 2016.
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Regional Visions of Integrated Sustainable Infrastructure Optimised for Neighbourhoods
Water Stress levels in EnglandWater Stress levels in England
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Regional Visions of Integrated Sustainable Infrastructure Optimised for Neighbourhoods
• Impact of urban form
• Trend
• Compaction
• Market led
• Impact of water technology options
• Water efficient appliance
• Rainwater Harvesting (RWH)
• Greywater Reuse (GWR)
Water Supply-demand balance
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Regional Visions of Integrated Sustainable Infrastructure Optimised for Neighbourhoods
• Sustainable Drainage (SuDS)
• Pond
• Swale
• Permeable Pavement
• Green Roofs
Water technologies
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Regional Visions of Integrated Sustainable Infrastructure Optimised for Neighbourhoods
Water consumption – PCC (Wider South East Water Companies, 2031)
Defra 2030 water use target for England
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Regional Visions of Integrated Sustainable Infrastructure Optimised for Neighbourhoods
Water consumption and %metered households (Wider South East, 2031)
130
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Regional Visions of Integrated Sustainable Infrastructure Optimised for Neighbourhoods
Regional Visions of Integrated Sustainable Infrastructure Optimised for Neighbourhoods
Supply Demand Balance(Wider South East, 2031)
Thames Water, London
Essex & Suffolk Water, Essex
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Regional Visions of Integrated Sustainable Infrastructure Optimised for Neighbourhoods
Regional Visions of Integrated Sustainable Infrastructure Optimised for Neighbourhoods
General data
2031 Essex & Suffolk Water -
Essex
Thames Water - London
Total Population 1,782,593 7,731,805
Total Properties 825,172 3,391,403
Total Household Metering penetration
71% 52%
Supply-Demand Balance -57.48 Ml/d -311.78 Ml/d
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Regional Visions of Integrated Sustainable Infrastructure Optimised for Neighbourhoods
Greywater Reuse (GWR)Essex & Suffolk Water - Essex
• Greywater supply (71.6 l/p/d, 50% of domestic water demand)– Hand basin – Shower– Bath
• Demand for greywater (35.6 l/p/d, 49% of domestic greywater supply)– Toilet
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Regional Visions of Integrated Sustainable Infrastructure Optimised for Neighbourhoods
Rainwater Harvesting (RWH)
• Average annual rainfall• Available roof area• Number of occupants sharing the roof area• Tank size
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Regional Visions of Integrated Sustainable Infrastructure Optimised for Neighbourhoods
Urban Form
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Regional Visions of Integrated Sustainable Infrastructure Optimised for Neighbourhoods
Regional Visions of Integrated Sustainable Infrastructure Optimised for Neighbourhoods
Tile-based Water Service Optioneering
Detached House Flat
RWH - individual
RWH - communal
GWR - individual
GWR - communal
Swale
Pervious pavements
Pond
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Regional Visions of Integrated Sustainable Infrastructure Optimised for Neighbourhoods
Area Type – Water Service Optioneering
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Regional Visions of Integrated Sustainable Infrastructure Optimised for Neighbourhoods
Land Use – Water modelling framework
Land use Water service optioneering
Tile based data Water Company data
Technology costs and energy
Ward
Water Resource Zone
Water Company
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Regional Visions of Integrated Sustainable Infrastructure Optimised for Neighbourhoods
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Regional Visions of Integrated Sustainable Infrastructure Optimised for Neighbourhoods
Impact of urban form on supply-demand balance
Chelmsford
ML
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Regional Visions of Integrated Sustainable Infrastructure Optimised for Neighbourhoods
Water demand management
Essex Water Resource Zone
• Water Company projections for demand and meter penetration
• Water Company projections for demand and 100% meter penetration
• Water efficient appliances
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Regional Visions of Integrated Sustainable Infrastructure Optimised for Neighbourhoods
water demand management option
Total Dwellings
Total Population
Total Demand (Ml/d)
supply-demand balance (Ml/d)
Water saving (GWR, Ml/d)
Supply-demand balance
(GWR impact)
Water Saving (RWH, Ml/d)
supply-demand balance (RWH
impact)
Water Company 825,172 1,782,593 257 -57.5
Trend
Essex water company 885,051 1,808,432 266 -66.3 32.2 -34.1 11.7 -54.7
100% metering 885,051 1,808,432 258 -58.6 32.2 -26.4 11.9 -46.8
Water efficienct appliances (120 l/p/d) 885,051 1,808,432 247 -47 30.8 -16.2 11.6 -35.4
Essex zone’s supply
demand balance
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Regional Visions of Integrated Sustainable Infrastructure Optimised for Neighbourhoods
South-East EnglandSupply-demand balance
2031 - Companies projection 2031 – Water efficient appliances
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Regional Visions of Integrated Sustainable Infrastructure Optimised for Neighbourhoods
South-East EnglandSupply-demand balance
2031 – Water efficient appliances + RWH 2031 – Water efficient appliances + GWR
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ConclusionsConclusions
• Water issues increasingly constrain development, yet development itself limits water options, especially innovative ones.
• Shown already there is a tension, between urban form, technological solutions and resulting costs.
• Intend to explore technological options further, especially synergies with other infrastructure.
• Large challenges to overcome as we balance societal, economic and environmental needs