Regional Planning in IndiaA Target Area and Target Group Approach

Tulika SanadhyaAssistant Professor

Deptt of Geography

B.R. Ambedkar College

University of Delhi

Learning Objectives

• To understand the concept of planning

• To understand central planning vis-à-vis regional planning

• To highlight solutions to regional imbalances

• To understand the spatial and social realities with few case studies

Types of Planning

Based on TimeBased on Time Approach to Solve ProblemApproach to Solve Problem AdministrationAdministration

Short- term

Long- term

Sectoral Aspect

Spatial Regional

DevelopmentDistrict & BlockLevel

Decentralized

National

Centralized

State Level

Aims of Regional Planning in India

To provide rational solutions to economic problems by coordinating means and the ends

• Increase production

• Achieve full employment

• Reduce poverty and unemployment

• Accelerate economic growth

• Reduce inequalities of wealth and income

Historical Perspective

Why the need felt for planning and resource inventory ?• Partition of the country- Productive agricultural land

went to east and west Pakistan• Regional disparities on the eve of independence- The

task of bringing the formerly princely states into the mainstream

• Wars with neighboring countries resulted in the break in the normal planning as most of the resources were diverted for defense purposes

• Monsoon failure and consequently decrease in agricultural development

• Oil Crisis

Phases of Regional Planning Since 1947

First and Second PlansFirst and Second Plans

Third PlanThird Plan

Fourth Plan (1969-74)Fourth Plan (1969-74)

Sixth Plan (1982-87)Sixth Plan (1982-87)

Post 1991Post 1991

Eleventh PlanEleventh Plan

Sectoral BasedSectoral Based

Balanced Regional DevelopmentBalanced Regional Development

Area Development PlanningArea Development Planning

Integrated Rural Development PlanningIntegrated Rural Development Planning

Rao-Manmohan ModelRao-Manmohan Model

Inclusive GrowthInclusive Growth

President A.P.J. Abul Kalam

planning should incorporate the provision of urban amenities

in rural areas to reduce disparities and regional imbalances

Approaches to Planning in India

• Sectoral Planning – Agriculture, manufacturing, power, transport and communication, social infrastructure and services

• Regional planning – Taking into account region in toto to bring uniform economic development over space

Strategies to achieve the goals

• Agricultural Development

• Industrialization

• Provision of infrastructural facilities (power,transport and communication)

• Special programmes for the development of backward areas and groups

Planning Regions

Definition

• Segment of territory or space over which economic decisions apply to attain economic development

• An area that is large enough to enable substantial changes in the distribution of population and employment to take place within its boundaries , yet which is small enough for its planning problems

• Coincide with the administrative regions

Approach to curb Regional Disparities

1.. Target Area Planning for economically backward areas

• Basis to plan-

1. Resource base

2. Technology

3. Investments

Approach to curb Social Disparities

2.. Target Group Planning• Programmes Undertaken:

1. Small Farmers Development Agency (SFDA)

2. Marginal Farmers Development Agency (MFDA)

3. Tribal Development Agency Projects

Target Group Programmes for Poverty alleviation & Employment generation

• Pradhan Mantri Gramoday Yojna

• Swarnjayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojna (SGSY)

• Sampoorna Grameen Swarojgar Yojna

• Jawahar Gram Samridhi Yojna

• Indira Awaas Yojna (IAY)• National Rural

Employment Guarantee Scheme (NREGS)

Target Area Programmes

• Hill Area Development

• Command Area Development

• Drought Prone Area

• Integrated Wasteland Development

• Desert Development• Integrated Watershed

Management

Integrated Tribal Development Project in Bharmaur (Uttaranchal) Region

Pictures:Socio- Economic life of Gaddi Trines

Since 1975• Development of

infrastructure• Increase in literacy

rate• Improvement in sex-

ratio• Decline in child

marriage• Increase in

agricultural output and diversification of crops

Think Globally and Act Locally

References• Aggarwal, S.K., and Nath, V.,2009, Regional

Development and Planning in India

• Chand, M and Puri, V.K., 1983, Regional Planning in India, Allied Publishers Pvt. Ltd.,New Delhi

• Chaudhuri, J., 2001, An Introduction to Development and Regional Planning, with reference to India, Orient Longman

• NCERT, India : Resources and Regional Development, textbook in Geography for class XII

• Websites on Planning Commission, Census etc.