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![Page 1: Regional Implementation of the MSCR Test Pennsylvania Asphalt Pavement Association 54 th Annual Conference Hershey, PA January 30, 2014 Gregory A. Harder,](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110116/551c3a9c550346a3488b47c7/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Regional Implementation of the MSCR Test
Pennsylvania Asphalt Pavement Association
54th Annual Conference
Hershey, PA
January 30, 2014
Gregory A. Harder, P.E.
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Past MSCR Presentations
• Development of Standard Practice for Superpave Plus Specifications - J. D'Angelo – 2005 – Burlington, VT
• Binder and Mixture ETG Update - J. D'Angelo – 2006 – Wilmington, DE• FHWA Pavements Program - What's Happening - J. D'Angelo – 2007 – Mystic, CT• Current Status for Multiple Stress Creep Recovery October 9, 2008 - K. Mooney –
2008 – Atlantic City, NJ• Asphalt Mixture and Binder Expert Task Group Update - J. Bukowski – 2008 – Atlantic
City, NJ• Update on National Issues - ETG Activity - J. Bukowski – 2009 – Portland, ME• MSCR Test - A New High Temp Spec - J. D'Angelo – 2009 – Portland, ME• Update on National Issues - ETG Activity - J. Bukowski – 2010 – Saratoga, NY• Binder Grade Selection Using the MSCR Specification - J. D'Angelo – 2010 –
Saratoga, NY• Update on National Issues - ETG Activity - J. Bukowski – 2011 – Providence, RI• Regional Implementation of the MSCR Test – G. Harder – 2012 – Philadelphia, PA
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The use of polymer modified binders has grown tremendously over the past several years
However, the most widely used binder specification in the U.S., AASHTO M 320, was based on a study of neat (unmodified) binders, and may not properly characterize polymer modified binders
MSCR Implementation
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• Current spec, G* and δ are measured in the linear visco-elastic range.
• For neat binders, flow is linear(strain increases in a constant proportion to stress) and therefore not sensitive to the stress level of the test.
• For polymer-modified binders, the response is not linear and very sensitive to the stress level of the test. The polymer chains can be rearranged substantially as the stress increases.
Why doesn’t M 320 properly characterize polymer-modified binders?
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PG Grading Alone Does Not Always Predict Performance
• Study of the two mixes with the same aggregate structure, but different binders.
PG 63-22 modified, no rutting PG 67-22 unmodified, 15mm rut
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Why Do We Need New Binder Test?
• PG Binders– Most Common “Neat” Binder Grades
• PG 64-22• PG 67-22
– Most Common “Modified” Binder Grade• PG 76-22
Works OK for neat binders
Doesn’t work as well for modified binders
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What happened as a result of M 320’s inability to fully characterize polymer-modified binders?
•Most states began requiring additional tests to the ones required in AASHTO M 320
•These mostly empirical tests are commonly referred to as “PG Plus” tests
•These tests are not standard across the states – difficult for suppliers
•Even some of the tests that are the most common, e.g. Elastic Recovery, are not run the same way from state to state
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PG Plus Spec
No PG Plus Spec
States with a “PG Plus” Specification
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ER Information and Test Time
• The Elastic Recovery Test is an excellent tool to establish the presence of polymer modification.– It takes about 4 hours to prepare and test
samples for this information.
• However, it is a poor tool to evaluate the rutting performance of polymer-modified binders. – The MSCR test can use the same sample
already being run in the DSR to give more information in a few extra minutes.
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Multiple Stress Creep Recovery Test
• Performed on RTFO-aged Binder• Test Temperature
– Environmental Temperature– Not Grade-Bumped
• 10 cycles per stress level– 1-second loading at specified shear stress
• 0.1 kPa• 3.2 kPa
– 9-second rest period
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Multiple Stress Creep Recovery Test
• Calculate Recovery for each Cycle, Stress– Difference between strain at end of recovery
period and peak strain after creep loading• Calculate Non-recoverable Creep
Compliance (Jnr)– Non-recoverable shear strain divided by
applied shear stress• “J” = “compliance”• “nr” = “non-recoverable”
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ALF Study - 7 Asphalt Binders
AZCRM----70-22
1
PG70-22Control
2
AirBlown
3
SBS
4
TXTBCR
5
TP
6
PG70-22+Fibers
7
PG70-22
8
SBS64-40
9
AirBlown
10
SBS
11
TP
12
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ALF Loading
• The pavement was heated to a constant 64ºC.
• The FHWA ALF uses an 18,000 lbs wheel load with no wheel wander.
• The speed is 12 MPH.– This is a extreme loading condition far more
sever than any actual highway.
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y = -7.4519x + 10.956
R2 = 0.1261
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8
rutting inches
G*/
sin
d 6
4C
Relationship between G*/ sinδ and ALF rutting
Existing SHRP specification has poor relationship to rutting for modified systems.
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Relationship between Jnr and ALF rutting25.6kPa
y = 4.7357x - 1.1666
R2 = 0.8167
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8
ALF Rutting in
Jn
r
MSCR can adjust for field conditions and has excellent relations to performance.
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Miss I-55 6yr rut Jnr 3.2 kPa
y = 0.2907x + 0.1297
R2 = 0.7499
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
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New PG Grading System (MSCR) AASHTO MP-19
• Environmental grade plus traffic level designation; i.e. PG 64E-22 – Based on Climatic Temperature
• High and Low Pavement Temperature– Traffic Designation
• “S” – Standard: < 10 million ESALs and
standard traffic loading• “H” – Heavy: 10 – 30 million ESALs or
slow moving traffic• “V” – Very Heavy: > 30 million ESALs or
standing traffic• “E” – Extreme: > 30 million ESALs and
standing traffic
NO MORE G
RADE BUMPING
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New PG Grading System (MSCR)
Requirements
•S = Standard: Jnr ≤ 4.5 kPa-1
•H = Heavy: Jnr ≤ 2.0 kPa-1
•V = Very Heavy: Jnr ≤ 1.0 kPa-1
•E = Extr. Heavy: Jnr ≤ 0.5 kPa-1
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AASHTO M320
• Grades– As an example, following Table 1…
• Kentucky’s climate requires a PG 64-22 to meet high and low pavement design temperatures
• PG 64-22 is a standard, unmodified asphalt binder grade
• For Very Heavy (slow and/or very high volume) traffic, Kentucky “grade bumps” to a PG 76-22 asphalt binder
• PG 76-22 is a modified asphalt binder grade– Kentucky requires ER ≥ 75%
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AASHTO M320
• Grades– As an example, following Table 1…
• Although a PG 76-22 is specified, Kentucky recognizes that the pavement temperature never gets that hot
– Original DSR (T315): G*/sin d ≥ 1.00 kPa @ 76°C– RTFO DSR (T315): G*/sin d ≥ 2.20 kPa @ 76°C
• Grade bumping is a way to get a stiffer asphalt binder at the expected high pavement temperature
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AASHTO MP-19
• Grades– As an example, following MP-19…
• Kentucky’s climate requires a PG 64-22 to meet high and low pavement design temperatures
• PG 64-22S is an unmodified asphalt binder grade that can be used for Standard (normal speed, normal volume) traffic conditions
• For Very Heavy (slow and/or very high volume) traffic, Kentucky requires a PG 64-22V asphalt binder
• PG 64-22V is a modified asphalt binder grade– Particularly if MSCR Recovery requirement is added
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AASHTO MP-19
• Grades– As an example, following MP-19…
• Instead of increasing the test temperature as in M-320, Kentucky recognizes that the pavement temperature never gets that hot and adjusts criteria
– Original DSR (T315): G*/sin d ≥ 1.00 kPa @ 64°C– RTFO MSCR (TP70): Jnr ≤ 1.0 kPa-1 @ 64°C
• Get a stiffer asphalt binder at the expected high pavement temperature
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NEAUPG• Tasked by steering committee• Formed Implementation Team• Mission statement, description, target
audience, opportunities, obstacles, strategies, and goals identified
• Performed round robin testing• All states participated in pooled fund, each will be
obtaining/using the same Malvern DSR• States agreed to specify both MP 19 Jnr requirements
and MP 70 MSCR Recovery requirements beginning January 2014(H, V, and E grades only – S grades remain M320)
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MSCR Implementation Team
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Goals
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y = 29.371x-0.2633
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2 2.1
Jnr kPa
% r
eco
ve
ryMSCR % Recovery validates polymer modification
% Recovery above the line means asphalt binder is modified with an acceptable elastomeric polymer
Below line - not modified with an elastomeric polymer
AASHTO TP 70
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CURRENT GRADE – M320
NEW GRADE – MP-19
PG 76-22 PG 64E-22
PG 76-28 PG 64E-28
PG 70-28 PG 64V-28
PG 64-22P PG 64V-22
PG 58-34 PG 58H-34
MODIFIED GRADES IN THE NORTHEAST
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0 0.5 1 1.5 20
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
MSCR DATA - PG 76-22
SUPPLIER 1
SUPPLIER 2
SUPPLIER 3
SUPPLIER 4
SUPPLIER 5
Jnr @ 3.2 kPa tested at 64C
%R
ec
@ 3
.2 k
Pa
te
ste
d a
t 6
4C
GRADE 64E
GRADE 64V
GRADE 64H
WHAT IS CURRENTLY BEING SUPPLIED?
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MEDOTBASE – 58C
CURRENT GRADE – M320
NEW GRADE – MP-19
PG 58-28 PG 58S-28
PG 58-34 PG 58H-34
PG 64-28(PPA) PG 58H-28
PG 70-28 PG 58V-28
PG 76-28 PG 58E-28
Will be specifying for modified grades on Jan. 1, 2014 – PG 58V-28[PG 70-28] – little to no use of PG 58-34 – not sure yet on PG 64-28 (PPA modified)
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NHDOTBASE – 58C
CURRENT GRADE – M320
NEW GRADE – MP-19
PG 64-28 PG 58H-28
PG 64-28(PPA) PG 58H-28
PG 70-28 PG 58V-28
PG 76-28 PG 58E-28
Use a very limited amount of modified grades but will implement PG 58V and PG 58E grades on Jan. 1, 2014
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NJDOTBASE – 64C
CURRENT GRADE – M320
NEW GRADE – MP-19
PG 64-22 PG 64S-22
PG 76-22 PG 64E-28
Will be specifying MSCR for PG 76-22 effective Jan.1, 2014 – not sure if it will be PG 64V-22 or PG 64E-22
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DelDOTBASE – 64C
CURRENT GRADE – M320
NEW GRADE – MP-19
PG 58-28 PG 58S-28
PG 64-22 PG 64S-22
PG 70-22 PG 64H-22
PG 76-22 PG 64E-22
Will implement on Jan. 1, 2014 if suppliers want to
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MDSHABASE – 64C
CURRENT GRADE – M320
NEW GRADE – MP-19
PG 58-22 PG 58S-22
PG 58-28 PG 58S-28
PG 64-22 PG 64S-22
PG 64-28 PG 64H-28
PG 70-22 PG 64H-22
PG 76-22 PG 64E-22
Working on software upgrade to test for MSCR – will collect data for information – implementation of MSCR possible in 2014
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VT-AOTBASE – 58C
CURRENT GRADE – M320
NEW GRADE – MP-19
PG 52-34 PG 52S-34
PG 58-28 PG 58S-28
Currently running MSCR on 75% of the full set testing – base temperature will be 58C – but will test at 52C for those mixtures containing high RAP – all projects for 2014 have been bid – have been using MSCR on emulsion residue
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CTDOTBASE – 58C
CURRENT GRADE – M320
NEW GRADE – MP-19
PG 58-28 PG 58S-28
PG 64-22 PG 64S-22
PG 76-22 PG 64E-22
Limited amount of PG 76-22 polymer modified is used - currently running test and collecting data – considering allowing substitution of MP-19 grades in 2014 with full implementation for all grades possible in 2015
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Mass Highway
BASE – 58C
CURRENT GRADE – M320
NEW GRADE – MP-19
PG 52-34 PG 52S-34
PG 64-28 PG 64S-22 orPG 58H-28
PG 64-28 Rubber PG 64?-28
PG 64-28 SBR PG 64?-28
Currently discussing internally – want to talk with industry this winter as to how to move forward – no implementation on Jan.1 – hope to have better idea of direction in early 2014
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NYSDOTBASE – 58/64C
CURRENT GRADE – M320
NEW GRADE – MP-19
PG 58-34 PG 58H-34
PG 64-22 PG 64S-22
PG 64-22P PG 64V-22
PG 70-22 PG 64H-22
PG 76-22 PG 64E-22
Full implementation MP-19 for all grades in 2014 – actual date yet to be determined
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RIDOTBASE – 64C
CURRENT GRADE – M320
NEW GRADE – MP-19
PG 64-28 PG 64S-28
PG 70-28 PG 64V-28
PG 76-28 PG 64E-28
Already implemented PG 64V-28 and PG 64E-28
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PennDOTBASE – 58/64C
CURRENT GRADE – M320
NEW GRADE – MP-19
PG 58-28 PG 58S-28
PG 64-22 PG 64S-22
PG 76-22 PG 64E-22
Have been collecting data - will allow a substitution of PG 64E-22 for PG 76-22 in 2014
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Binder Grade Substitution
PG 64E-22 = PG 76-22
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Thanks