Regional Identifiers and CAPS · Regional Identifiers Number Five regional CAPS identifiers planned...

Regional Identifiers and CAPSRegional Identifiers and CAPS

SPDN Annual Conference Atlanta, GeorgiaOctober 28-29, 2005

Julieta BrambilaEntomology, Identifier

Eastern Region CAPS Program Gainesville, Florida

Regional IdentifiersRegional IdentifiersNumberNumber

Five Five regional CAPS identifiers planned for. At present, 1 pathologisregional CAPS identifiers planned for. At present, 1 pathologist and t and 1 entomologist. 1 entomologist.

Craig Webb, pathologist



BackgroundBackgroundSpecialists.Specialists. Taxonomists, or with other training useful for identification,Taxonomists, or with other training useful for identification,such as DNA analysis.such as DNA analysis.

DNA extraction for Citrus Greening diagnosis

Domestic Identifiers are expected to be specialists.Domestic Identifiers are expected to be specialists.However, their duties are However, their duties are general.general.

For example, even if my specialty in Entomology is For example, even if my specialty in Entomology is LygaeidaeLygaeidae, , I have worked with other insect groups:I have worked with other insect groups:

Beetles (Beetles (ScolytidaeScolytidae, , CerambycidaeCerambycidae, , BostrichidaeBostrichidae))Gall midgesGall midges ((CecidomyiidaeCecidomyiidae))MothsMoths ((NoctuidaeNoctuidae))ThripsThrips ((ThysanopteraThysanoptera))

Taxonomic ExpectationsTaxonomic ExpectationsSpecialists Specialists vs.vs. GeneralistsGeneralists

Dinoderus minutus

Bostrichid beetle from bamboo stakes




Origin of SpecimensOrigin of SpecimensDomestic.Domestic. Origin of samples from within the US borders. Specimens are Origin of samples from within the US borders. Specimens are not from interceptions at national ports of entry (airports, seanot from interceptions at national ports of entry (airports, seaports, or land ports, or land border ports).border ports).

Mike Meadows, State CAPSSpodoptera survey in South Florida

The federal CAPS Program is divided into two RegionsThe federal CAPS Program is divided into two RegionsEastern Region:Eastern Region: 27 states plus Puerto Rico27 states plus Puerto RicoWestern Region: 23 statesWestern Region: 23 states

KY

VT/NH

MD

NC

Alaska

Hawaii

Puerto Rico

The SE CAPS area The SE CAPS area overlaps with most overlaps with most of the states of the states included in the included in the SPDN region.SPDN region.

Eastern region

Eastern CAPS IdentifierEastern CAPS IdentifierResponsible to the 27 states and Puerto Rico in the Responsible to the 27 states and Puerto Rico in the Eastern Region.Eastern Region.

Part I of “Workshop on Part I of “Workshop on HeteropteraHeteroptera Identification”, for Port Identification”, for Port Identifiers of the Eastern Region.Identifiers of the Eastern Region.

Assisting the Western Region. Assisting the Western Region. Part II of same workshop, for Port Identifiers of the Western Part II of same workshop, for Port Identifiers of the Western Region.Region.

HeteropteraHeteroptera Identification WorkshopIdentification WorkshopAugust 16August 16--18, 200518, 2005Ft. Collins, ColoradoFt. Collins, Colorado

Update on the ClassificationUpdate on the Classificationof the Order of the Order HemipteraHemiptera

Regional IdentifiersRegional Identifiers

NumberNumberFive Five regional CAPS identifiers planned for. At present, 1 pathologisregional CAPS identifiers planned for. At present, 1 pathologist t and 1 entomologist. and 1 entomologist.


Origin of SpecimensOrigin of SpecimensDomestic.Domestic. Origin of samples from within the US borders. Specimens Origin of samples from within the US borders. Specimens are not from interceptions at national ports of entry (airports,are not from interceptions at national ports of entry (airports, seaports, seaports, or land border ports).or land border ports).

ExpectationsExpectationsIdentificationsIdentificationsTrainingTrainingCommunicationCommunication

Preparation of gall midges



Must be able to distinguish native from Must be able to distinguish native from exotic specimens.exotic specimens.

Must know species in the lists of CAPS Must know species in the lists of CAPS targets. targets.

Must forward specimens as appropriate Must forward specimens as appropriate for national verification of suspect for national verification of suspect specimens. specimens.

Chlorophorus annularisBamboo longhorn beetle

Damage on bamboo stakes

D. Delgado, USDA-SITC

Identification of Identification of SpodopteraSpodopteraGenitalic features need to be examined for species Genitalic features need to be examined for species identification because wing color patterns of these four identification because wing color patterns of these four species are variable and extremely similarspecies are variable and extremely similar

S. lituraS. litura

S.S. dolichosdolichos

S. ornithogalliS. ornithogalli

S. littoralisS. littoralisNativeNative ExoticExotic

Genitalic characters Genitalic characters of male of male Spodoptera Spodoptera mothsmoths

AmpullaAmpulla

CucullusCucullus

UncusUncus

CoremataCoremataS. dolichosS. dolichos

Genitalia are extracted from each specimen caught in traps with pheromone lures

ClavuClavuss Costal Costal

processprocess

JuxtaJuxta

Some male Some male genitalicgenitalic characterscharacters

The genitalia are cleaned and closely examined

Structures are selected for diagnosis:Structures are selected for diagnosis:ClavusClavus

Elongate, thumb shapedElongate, thumb shaped

S. dolichosS. dolichosS. lituraS. litura

Small bumpSmall bump

S. littoralisS. littoralis

Small Small projectionprojection

S.S. ornithogalliornithogalli

Short, toe Short, toe shapedshaped

Eastern Region CAPS ProgramEastern Region CAPS ProgramTarget Target ScolytidsScolytids for 2005for 2005

These 8 records comprise the These 8 records comprise the official listofficial list of targeted species of of targeted species of ScolytidaeScolytidae. . This list was accessed and sorted in June 2005 at the following This list was accessed and sorted in June 2005 at the following address: address: http://http://www.invasive.org/listview.cfmwww.invasive.org/listview.cfm

Bark beetleBark beetle ((HylurgopsHylurgops palliatuspalliatus))GoldenhairedGoldenhaired bark beetle bark beetle ((HylurgusHylurgus ligniperdaligniperda))SixSix--spinedspined engraver beetle engraver beetle ((IpsIps sexdentatussexdentatus))European spruce bark beetleEuropean spruce bark beetle ((IpsIps typographustypographus))Mediterranean pine engraver beetleMediterranean pine engraver beetle ((OrthotomicusOrthotomicus erosuserosus))TwoTwo--toothed pine beetletoothed pine beetle ((PityogenesPityogenes bidentatusbidentatus) ) SixSix--toothed spruce bark beetletoothed spruce bark beetle, , ((PityogenesPityogenes chalcographuschalcographus) ) Common pine shoot beetleCommon pine shoot beetle ((TomicusTomicus piniperdapiniperda))

Tomicus piniperdawww.barkbeetles.org/exotic/hlignprd.htmlCavey, J., Passoa, S. and Kucera D. 1994.

This is another example of identification

Genus: Genus: ScotylusScotylus DistributionDistribution CommentsCommentsTotals:Totals: 20 species in N. America N. of Mexico.20 species in N. America N. of Mexico. 8 species in NE USA.8 species in NE USA.

S. S. malimali((BechsteinBechstein))

From Europe, Africa, Asia.From Europe, Africa, Asia.Established in Canada (ON, QC) and US (MD, ME, Established in Canada (ON, QC) and US (MD, ME, NJ, NY, OH). NJ, NY, OH).

Exotic.Exotic.

S. S. multistriatusmultistriatus((MarshamMarsham))

From Europe, Africa, and Asia.From Europe, Africa, and Asia.Established and found widely in southern Canada Established and found widely in southern Canada and all US states; also in Mexico, Chile, Australia.and all US states; also in Mexico, Chile, Australia.

Exotic. Exotic. Vector of Dutch Vector of Dutch elm disease fungus. elm disease fungus.

S. S. rugulosusrugulosus((MMüüllerller))

From northern Africa, Asia, Europe, Azores. From northern Africa, Asia, Europe, Azores. Established in all of Canada and US states; also in Established in all of Canada and US states; also in Mexico, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Peru, Uruguay, Mexico, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Peru, Uruguay, Greenland.. Greenland..

Exotic.Exotic.

S. S. schevyrewischevyrewiSemenovSemenov

From Asia (eastern From Asia (eastern Russia, Mongolia, Caspian Sea Russia, Mongolia, Caspian Sea countries to China, Korea). countries to China, Korea). Established in US (CO, Established in US (CO, IN, IN, KS, KS, MD, MI, MN, NM, MD, MI, MN, NM, UT). UT).

Exotic. Exotic.

S. S. fagifagi WalshWalsh US (IL, MS, TX) and Canada (ON).US (IL, MS, TX) and Canada (ON). NativeNative..S. S. muticusmuticus

SaySayUS (DC, US (DC, FLFL, IL, KS, KY, MD, MI, MS, MO, NJ, , IL, KS, KY, MD, MI, MS, MO, NJ, NC, ND, OH, OK, PA, SC, TN, TX, VA, WV) and NC, ND, OH, OK, PA, SC, TN, TX, VA, WV) and Canada (ON)Canada (ON)

Native.Native.

S. S. piceaepiceae((SwaineSwaine))

US (AK, CA, CO, ID, ME, MS, MI, MT, NM, NY, US (AK, CA, CO, ID, ME, MS, MI, MT, NM, NY, ND, OR, SD, UT, WA, WI, WY) and all provinces ND, OR, SD, UT, WA, WI, WY) and all provinces in Canada.in Canada.

Native.Native.

S. S. quadrispinosusquadrispinosusSaySay

US (AL, CT, DE, DC, US (AL, CT, DE, DC, FLFL, GA, IL, IN, IA, KY, LA, , GA, IL, IN, IA, KY, LA, MD, MI, MN, MS, MO, NJ, NY, NC, OH, PA, SC, MD, MI, MN, MS, MO, NJ, NY, NC, OH, PA, SC, TN, TX, VA, WV, WI) and Canada (ON, QC).TN, TX, VA, WV, WI) and Canada (ON, QC).

Native.Native.


Assist survey specialists in improving their survey methods so tAssist survey specialists in improving their survey methods so that the hat the specimens are in good condition for identification.specimens are in good condition for identification.

Prepare field references, field guides, specimen shipping guidesPrepare field references, field guides, specimen shipping guides..

Assist fellow identifiers and survey specialists how to distinguAssist fellow identifiers and survey specialists how to distinguish ish species by producing Identification Aids. species by producing Identification Aids.


Wing TrapsWing TrapsMany moths are damaged Many moths are damaged by the glue.by the glue.

Bucket TrapsBucket TrapsMost specimens are Most specimens are clean and dry.clean and dry.

Trapping methodsTrapping methods

Vs.Vs.

Filling out the Slips: Collecting techniqueFilling out the Slips: Collecting technique

Collecting technique: Collecting technique: Hand caught, swept, or Hand caught, swept, or from a Jackson trap?from a Jackson trap?

Collecting Technique(1) Beating(2) Black light(3) Hand catch(4) Jackson(5) McPhail(6) Reared(7) Sticky board(8) Sweeping(9) Other

Jackson trapJackson trap

How some samples arriveHow some samples arriveBy FedEx or mail, hand By FedEx or mail, hand delivered by CAPS, or delivered by CAPS, or brought in by DPI brought in by DPI inspectorsinspectors

Samples from CAPS program

Field HandoutsField HandoutsLaminated handouts are useful Laminated handouts are useful for a quick check if a specimen for a quick check if a specimen is to be submitted for is to be submitted for identification. identification.

CecidomyiidaeCecidomyiidae: Gall midges: Gall midgesSwede MidgeSwede Midge

Materials for Identification AidsMaterials for Identification Aids

LarvaAdult


Presentation of posters or talks of current work at local, regioPresentation of posters or talks of current work at local, regional, or nal, or national entomological, plant pathology, or horticultural societnational entomological, plant pathology, or horticultural society y conferences.conferences.

Networking with staff from agencies interested in invasive exotiNetworking with staff from agencies interested in invasive exotic c species, ecological restoration groups, universities, state parkspecies, ecological restoration groups, universities, state parks and s and other protected lands, other branches of USDA, entomological other protected lands, other branches of USDA, entomological museums, international agricultural groups or scientists, etc., museums, international agricultural groups or scientists, etc., as as opportunities arise and requests are voiced.opportunities arise and requests are voiced.

Assisting APHIS PPQ Regions in reviewing their CAPS programs, Assisting APHIS PPQ Regions in reviewing their CAPS programs, especially in the taxonomic support surveys.especially in the taxonomic support surveys.


Examples of networking and Examples of networking and cooperationcooperation

Division of Plant Industry (Florida)Division of Plant Industry (Florida)Assisting DPI in identification of Assisting DPI in identification of lygaeidslygaeids, , curationcuration of the of the LygaeidaeLygaeidae collection, digital collection, digital imaging, design of forms. imaging, design of forms. DPI assists with identification guidance and DPI assists with identification guidance and verifications, and resources such as verifications, and resources such as synchroscopysynchroscopy equipment, reference equipment, reference literature, work space.literature, work space.

University of Florida’s University of Florida’s EntEnt. and . and NemNem. Dept.. Dept.Helping UF with identification of Helping UF with identification of lygaeidslygaeidswhen needed, reviewing manuscripts, when needed, reviewing manuscripts, assisting students.assisting students.UF makes available labs, equipment, books, UF makes available labs, equipment, books, synchroscopysynchroscopy equipment, and imagesequipment, and images.. By Lyle Buss

UF Ent

By Mike ThomasDPI

USDAUSDA--ARSARSARS has assisted in improving moth trapping ARS has assisted in improving moth trapping methods, materials, field observations.methods, materials, field observations.In return they receive images, keys, In return they receive images, keys, reference specimens. reference specimens.

SPDNSPDNTraining has been provided in the form of Training has been provided in the form of identification workshops. identification workshops. SPDN has offered space for postings work SPDN has offered space for postings work to share.to share.

Miami Inspection StationMiami Inspection StationCooperating with identifications of Cooperating with identifications of lygaeidslygaeids, , manuscripts, exchange of identification aids.manuscripts, exchange of identification aids.Exchanges of specimens, data, images.Exchanges of specimens, data, images.

Examples of Networking and Examples of Networking and CooperationCooperation

What is the CAPS Program?What is the CAPS Program?

Date of originDate of originThis program officially began in 1982 as the Cooperative NationaThis program officially began in 1982 as the Cooperative National Plant l Plant Pest Survey and Detection Program, later changing its name to thPest Survey and Detection Program, later changing its name to the e acronym “acronym “CAPSCAPS”.”.

Cooperative agreementCooperative agreementIt is a cooperative agreement of federal and state agricultural It is a cooperative agreement of federal and state agricultural organizations primarily to detect and monitor pests (diseases, iorganizations primarily to detect and monitor pests (diseases, insects, nsects, mites, nematodes, mollusks, and weeds) of mites, nematodes, mollusks, and weeds) of agriculturalagricultural and and naturalnatural plant plant resources. resources.

InformationInformationThe CAPS program serves the public and private sectors by improvThe CAPS program serves the public and private sectors by improving ing the the quality and availability of pest information.quality and availability of pest information.

CAPS:CAPS: Cooperative Agricultural Pest SurveyCooperative Agricultural Pest Survey

Connection Between CAPS Connection Between CAPS and USDAand USDA

USDAUSDA--APHISAPHIS--PPQ has three responsibilities: PPQ has three responsibilities: Protect agriculture from foreign plant pest introductions and thProtect agriculture from foreign plant pest introductions and their eir establishment.establishment.Control or eradicate pests as authorized by legislation and reguControl or eradicate pests as authorized by legislation and regulation.lation.Facilitate export of agricultural products. Facilitate export of agricultural products.

Detection of pestsDetection of pestsThe CAPS Program assists PPQ in meeting these responsibilities bThe CAPS Program assists PPQ in meeting these responsibilities by y providing providing means for detection, documentation, and rapid dissemination means for detection, documentation, and rapid dissemination of informationof information on plant pests (on plant pests (diseases,diseases, insects,insects, mites, nematodes, mites, nematodes, mollusks, and weeds) and mollusks, and weeds) and biocontrolbiocontrol agents in the U.S. agents in the U.S.

FundsFundsPPQ funds are allocated through cooperative agreements to conducPPQ funds are allocated through cooperative agreements to conduct t projects which meet these aims. These funds are to supplement aprojects which meet these aims. These funds are to supplement and nd enhance state pest survey and detectionenhance state pest survey and detection programs. programs.

CAPS SurveysCAPS Surveys

In In Florida,Florida, typical CAPS surveys target areas not typical CAPS surveys target areas not covered routinely by the covered routinely by the +150+150 inspectors of the inspectors of the Florida Department of Agriculture and Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services’ Division of Plant Industry. Consumer Services’ Division of Plant Industry.

75 Nursery inspectors75 Nursery inspectors54 Fruit Fly inspectors54 Fruit Fly inspectors11 Citrus inspectors11 Citrus inspectors8 Burrowing nematode inspectors8 Burrowing nematode inspectors4 Imported Fire Ant Inspectors4 Imported Fire Ant Inspectors1 Pink Hibiscus Mealybug inspector1 Pink Hibiscus Mealybug inspector

Row Crops (Agronomic & Vegetable)Row Crops (Agronomic & Vegetable)Tomato, pepper, cotton, soybean, peanut, sugarcane, potato Tomato, pepper, cotton, soybean, peanut, sugarcane, potato

Pests Not Known to Occur in the US (PNKTO)Pests Not Known to Occur in the US (PNKTO)Old world bollworm, Old world bollworm, HelicoverpaHelicoverpa armigeraarmigeraEgyptian cotton worm, Egyptian cotton worm, SpodopteraSpodoptera lituralituraChili Chili thripsthrips, , ScirtothripsScirtothrips dorsalisdorsalis

Regionally established pests and pests of export significanceRegionally established pests and pests of export significancePink hibiscus Pink hibiscus mealybugmealybug, , MaconellicoccusMaconellicoccus hirsutushirsutusEmerald ash borer, Emerald ash borer, AgrilusAgrilus planipennisplanipennis

Forested and natural areasForested and natural areasIn conjunction with US Forest Service and Fla. Dept. of ForestryIn conjunction with US Forest Service and Fla. Dept. of ForestryIn conjunction with Federal, State and County Parks services, WaIn conjunction with Federal, State and County Parks services, Water ter Management Districts, othersManagement Districts, others

“Hot Zones”“Hot Zones”Tile warehouse surveysTile warehouse surveysWood boring and bark beetle surveys in solid woodWood boring and bark beetle surveys in solid wood--packing materials from packing materials from overseasoverseas

Assisting state inspectors in their surveysAssisting state inspectors in their surveys

NPDN:NPDN: National Plant Diagnostic NetworkNational Plant Diagnostic Network

NetworkNetwork“The mission of this network is to enhance national agricultural“The mission of this network is to enhance national agricultural security by security by quickly detectingquickly detecting introduced pests and pathogens.”introduced pests and pathogens.”

Diagnostic facilitiesDiagnostic facilitiesThe NPDN is part of a network of Land Grant University plant disThe NPDN is part of a network of Land Grant University plant disease and ease and pest diagnostic facilities from across the United States. The Spest diagnostic facilities from across the United States. The Southern outhern Plant Diagnostic Network (Plant Diagnostic Network (SPDNSPDN) is one of ) is one of NDPN’sNDPN’s 5 regions5 regions..

MissionMission“This mission will be achieved by creating a functional nationwi“This mission will be achieved by creating a functional nationwide network de network of public agricultural institutions with a cohesive, distributedof public agricultural institutions with a cohesive, distributed system to system to quickly detect deliberately introduced, quickly detect deliberately introduced, high consequence,high consequence, biological pests biological pests and pathogens into our agricultural and natural ecosystems by prand pathogens into our agricultural and natural ecosystems by providing oviding means for quick identifications and establishing protocols for imeans for quick identifications and establishing protocols for immediate mmediate reporting to appropriate responders and decision makers.” reporting to appropriate responders and decision makers.”

Regional Identifiers and CAPS · Regional Identifiers Number Five regional CAPS identifiers planned...

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