Regional Change Regional Change Over Time MapsOver Time Maps

China

Shang Dynasty0 Bronze Age Huang He-agriculutre0 Bronze metallurgy 2000 BCE0 Divination (interpret/communicate with

gods)0 Oracle bones (answer questions)0 Horse-drawn chariot (used in war)0 Shamans used tortoise shells and animal

bones0 Yellow river civilization0 Politically 1st dynasty 0 Technology writing0 Economically agriculture

Zhou Dynasty0 Mandate of Heaven- justify over throw0 Legalism: human nature is wicked, human

society should be controlled 0 Confucianism: five relationships

government serves the people, emphasize benevolence

0 Daoism: accept world as they see it, “path” of nature, Yin and Yang (male and female)

0 Lao Tzi: Daoism (Yin/Yang)0 Classical thought Confucianism, Daoism,

and Legalism

Qin Dynasty 221BCE-206BCE0 Shi Huangdi (first emperor): totalitarian

ruler who ruled by legalism0 Standardization of weights, measures,

coinage, law code, writing, and axle length carts

0 Terra cotta soldiers- militarism strong central government

0 Legalism- harsh laws

Han Dynasty 206BCE-220CE0 S Scholar gentry : privileged, code of

conduct, government more efficient; high social status passed civil service exam

0 P: Strong central government P: armies maintained social order

0 P: Administrative bureaucracy: kept records and collected taxes, built extensive roads;

0 built walls against invasions 0 P: Mandate of heaven used to justify

rebellions & dynastic change0 I: Silk Road interactions cultural diffusion

of goods (silk) ideas (Buddhism) 0 Downfall because costly defending, cities

depopulated, commerce disrupted, government less able to force taxes

0 C: Great Wall, ceramic art, Confucian values social stability

0 E: Silk Road trade strong economy, especially during Han golden age

Sui Dynasty 589-6180 Confucianism, Buddhism (strong, political

influence)0 Capital: Chang’ an0 Grand canal (link Yellow and Yangzi river)0 Downfall: intense military expansion,

public works required organization 0 Reunify China

Tang Dynasty 618-907CE0 Neo-confucianism(9th century)0 850 blame Buddhism for fall of Tang0 Golden Age0 Bureaucracy0 Ceramic porcelain figures (silk road trade)0 Infrastructure of roads, rivers and canals0 Combine crossbow and armored infantry men

with experience in horsemanship and use of iron stirrup

0 Bodhisattvas: enlightened beings0 Buddhism early tang 0 Tributary system: individual countries

acknowledge supremacy of emperor0 Bubonic plague0 Central Asia Islamic civilizations influenced

material culture0 Monopoly on silk: grow and spin cotton thread

Song Dynasty 960-12710 China Didn’t have access to far-flung

networks of communication0 Advances in technology, medicine, tech.,

astronomy0 Celestial clock (told time and day)0 Junk: improved steering of large ships in

uneasy seas0 Gunpowder: used for fumigations,

explosives0 Zen Buddhism (salvation possible)0 New printing techniques, movable type0 Increase in social mobility0 Foot binding women 0 Uyghur prevent silk road trade0 Catapult0 Ship building

Yuan Dynasty 1271-13680 Control China, Central Asia, and Persia0 Mongols0 Founder: Kublai Khan0 Population decline- warfare-attempting

to flee because Mongols- bubonic plague0 Bubonic plague leads to the fall of dynasty0 Live in yurts0 Mongols: Calvary archers had stirrups0 Pax Mongolia=time of peace

Ming Dynasty0 Forbidden city (seclude upper class)0 Zhengette and Yongle emperor expanded

trade0 Established by Hongwu (opposed foreign

trade)0 1368- established0 Late Ming-decline in military strength

because they had to repel invasions 0 Manchus-agriculturally based people0 Multi-ethnic0 Zheng He dies 14300 China, Vietnam, Strait of Malacca, India,

Arabia, Swahili coast

Qing Dynasty0 Ruled by Manchu imperial family0 Kangxi (1662-1722) and Qianiung (1736-

1796)0 Early emperors repaired infrastructure,

lowered taxes, established economic incentives, encourage foreign trade

0 Gain new sources of coal, iron, gold and silver

0 Eliminate military danger of Mongolia

Sun Yixian (Sun Yat Sen)0 Created Guomindang (nationalists)0 Military strong0 Frighten off trade and investment in

railroads, industry, agricultural improvement

0 Neglect dikes and canals0 China grew poorer, treaty ports prosper0 Nationalism, livelihood, democracy

Chiang Kai Shek (Jiang Jieshi)0 Ruled in 1920s0 In 1930s, Japan dominates much of

China Republic weak0 Mao’s communists emerge as an enemy0 Chases Mao on the Long March 0 Corrupt gov’t. :His followers were

opportunists, wanted to become an official and get rich, so taxed and plundered businesses

0 Tax collectors and landowners took peasants money

0 Money that reached government went to military

0 Killed and executed communists 0 LTI: Defeated by Mao 19500 NationalistsTaiwan

Mao Zedong0 One of communists that fled from Chiang

Kai-shek0 Joined communist party became leader,

reliance on peasantry 0 Long march= 6000 miles long escaping

nationalists0 Cultural revolution0 Communist revolution0 Chiang Chase Mao in long march to stop

spread of communism0 Great leap forward(20mil dead)0 Poor supporters because he promised

necessities0 Red guards kill critics

Deng Xiaoping0 4 modernizations0 One child policy- millions dead0 Dying rooms0 Communes discontinued0 Private businesses established0 Allowed Chinese students to study in with

nations0 Successful economic reforms0 Improved military and defense systems0 Rejects pure communism0 Economic growth0 Tiananmen square(1989) because

demanded democratic reforms 2000 killed