Regents Biology Plants General characteristics eukaryotes autotrophs, photosynthetic even the...
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Transcript of Regents Biology Plants General characteristics eukaryotes autotrophs, photosynthetic even the...
Regents Biology
Plants General characteristics
eukaryotes autotrophs, photosynthetic
even the insectivorous plants cell wall
cellulose not mobile For plants
Phylum = Division
Regents Biology
Classification based on: Characteristics
Vascular tissue Xylem phloem
Reproduction Spores Seeds Flowers
Regents Biology
PHOTOSYNTHESIS The “factory” for making
energy & sugars chloroplast
Fuels sunlight carbon dioxide water
The Helpers enzymes H2O
sugars
ATP
Make ATP!Make sugar!
I can do it all…And no one
even notices!
enzymes
CO2
sun
Regents Biology
Chloroplast Structure
GRANAGREEN
CONTAIN CHLOROPHYLLSTROMA
SPACE IN BETWEEN
GRANA
THYLAKOID – ONE DISK
ALL COLORS OF LIGHT ARE ABSORBED EXCEPT GREEN
Regents Biology
Bring In Light – leaves (top) CO2 – stomata (bottom of leaves)
H2O – roots (xylem) Let Out
O2 - stomata Move Around
Sugars – phloem xylem + phloem = vein
So what does a plant need?
6CO2 6H2O C6H12O6 6O2light
energy + ++
roots
shoot
leaves
Regents Biology
Plants make more sugars than they can use.
1. use glucose in Respiration
2. convert glucose to sucrose, cellulose, & more to build plant structures
3. store glucose as starch
4. sugars are passed along the food chain
sun ATP
sugars
Regents Biology
Leaf Structure
phloem (sugar)xylem (water)
stomate
palisadeslayer
spongylayer
cuticleepidermis
Guard cellscuticleepidermis
vascular bundle (vein) T
Air space
CO2
CO2
O2
O2 AND H2O
Pores or openings Pair per stomate;
open/close stomata
Regents Biology
Function of Leaf Structures Cuticle – NOT made of cells
waxy coating reduces water loss Epidermis – upper and lower
Cell layer protecting leaf tissues Lower contains stomata
Palisades layer – top of leaf high concentration of chloroplasts
collecting sun’s energy photosynthesis
making ATP & sugars
Spongy layer – connects to stomata air spaces - gas exchange
CO2 in for sugar production, remove waste O2
Regents Biology
Xylem carry water up from roots large, hollow, thick cell walls “pipe-like” – hollow/dead “wood”
Vascular Bundle
Phloem carry sugars around the plant
wherever they are needed new leaves fruit & seeds roots
Regents Biology
Transpiration Water evaporates from the
stomates in the leaves pulls water up from roots
water molecules stick to each other (polar) – cohesion
Stick to sides of xylem - adhesion
more water is pulled up through the tree from ground
Originally enters by osmosis root hairs provide increased
surface area
Regents Biology
Stomates & Guard Cells Function of stomates
CO2 inO2 out H2O out
gets to leaves for photosynthesis Function of guard cells
open & close stomates
Regents Biology
Regents Biology
Guard cells & Homeostasis Homeostasis - keeping the internal environment
of the plant balanced Stomates open
let CO2 in - needed to make sugar let H2O out (GC’s are swollen - hypotonic)
so it gets to leaves – creates a “pull” let O2 out - get rid of waste product
Stomates close if too much H2O evaporating (GC’s are wilted –
hypertonic) ONLY close to conserve water!!!!!!! Cannot stay closed permanently – plant will
starve
Regents Biology
Another view…
Photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration
sun
organicmolecules
food
O2CO2
producers, autotrophs
consumers, heterotrophs
synthesis
capturelight energy
digestion
releasechemical energy ATP
wastewastewaste