Refs

38
420 REFERENCES Abacarius, J. (1991). “Lateral Load Test on Driven Pile Footings,” Proc. 3rd U.S. Conference Lifeline Earthquake Eng., ASCE, Los Angeles, 9-19. Abdoun, T., Dobry, R., O’Rourke, T., and Chadhuri, D. (1996). “Centrifuge Modeling of Seismically-Induced Lateral Deformation During Liquefaction and Its Effect on a Pile Foundation,” Proc. of the 6th U.S.-Japan Workshop on Earthquake Resistant Design of Lifeline Facilities and Countermeasures Against Soil Liquefaction, Rpt. No. NCEER-96- 0000, NCEER, 525-539. Abduljauwad, S., Al-Sulaimani, G., and Basunbul, I. (1990). “Model Piles Embedded in Submerged Sand and Subjected to Static and Cyclic Lateral Loadings,” Geotechnical Eng., J. of the Southeast Asian Geotechnical Society, 21, 161-175. Abe, I., Sugimoto, M, Ohki, N., Suzuki, Y., Jido, J., Hayamizu, Y., and Hiromatsu, T. (1984). “Dynamic Behavior of Pile Foundation During Earthquakes,” Proc. 8th World Conf. Earthquake Eng., San Francisco, Vol. 3, 585-592. Abghari, A. and Chai, J. (1995). “Modeling of Soil-Pile -Superstructure Interaction for Bridge Foundations,” in Performance of Deep Foundations Under Seismic Loading, Geotech. Spec. Pub. 51, ASCE, 45-59. Adachi, T. and Kimura, M. (1992). “Model Tests and Analyses of Interaction Factor on Laterally Loaded Group Piles,” Proc. 4th Intl. Symposium on Numerical Models in Geomechanics, Swansea, Vol. 1, 309-318. Agaiby, S., Kulhawy., F., and Trautmann, C. (1992). “Experimental Study of Drained Lateral and Moment Behavior of Drilled Shafts During Static and Cyclic Loading,” Rpt. TR-100223, Electric Power Research Inst., Palo Alto, January. Agarwal, S. (1973). “Characterisation of Clay as Applicable to Pile Foundations Under Dynamic Lateral Loads,” Proc. Symposium Earth and Earth Structures Under Earthquakes and Dynamic Loads, Roorkee, 64-71. Aktan, H., Kagawa, T., Kambhatla, A., and Celebi, M. (1992). “Measured and Analytical Response of a Pile Supported Building,” Proc. 10th World Conf. Earthquake Eng., Madrid, Vol. 3, 1791-1796. Allen, L. and Reese, L. (1980). “Small Scale Tests for the Determination of p-y Curves in Layered Soils,” Proc. 12th Offshore Technology Conf., OTC 3747, Vol. 1, 109-116. Alpan, I. (1973). “The Dynamic Response of Pile Foundations to Lateral Forces,” Proc. 5th World Conf. Earthquake Eng., Rome, Vol. 2, 256-271.

Transcript of Refs

Page 1: Refs

420

REFERENCES

Abacarius, J. (1991). “Lateral Load Test on Driven Pile Footings,” Proc. 3rd U.S.Conference Lifeline Earthquake Eng., ASCE, Los Angeles, 9-19.

Abdoun, T., Dobry, R., O’Rourke, T., and Chadhuri, D. (1996). “Centrifuge Modeling ofSeismically-Induced Lateral Deformation During Liquefaction and Its Effect on a PileFoundation,” Proc. of the 6th U.S.-Japan Workshop on Earthquake Resistant Design ofLifeline Facilities and Countermeasures Against Soil Liquefaction, Rpt. No. NCEER-96-0000, NCEER, 525-539.

Abduljauwad, S., Al-Sulaimani, G., and Basunbul, I. (1990). “Model Piles Embedded inSubmerged Sand and Subjected to Static and Cyclic Lateral Loadings,” GeotechnicalEng., J. of the Southeast Asian Geotechnical Society, 21, 161-175.

Abe, I., Sugimoto, M, Ohki, N., Suzuki, Y., Jido, J., Hayamizu, Y., and Hiromatsu, T.(1984). “Dynamic Behavior of Pile Foundation During Earthquakes,” Proc. 8th WorldConf. Earthquake Eng., San Francisco, Vol. 3, 585-592.

Abghari, A. and Chai, J. (1995). “Modeling of Soil-Pile -Superstructure Interaction forBridge Foundations,” in Performance of Deep Foundations Under Seismic Loading,Geotech. Spec. Pub. 51, ASCE, 45-59.

Adachi, T. and Kimura, M. (1992). “Model Tests and Analyses of Interaction Factor onLaterally Loaded Group Piles,” Proc. 4th Intl. Symposium on Numerical Models inGeomechanics, Swansea, Vol. 1, 309-318.

Agaiby, S., Kulhawy., F., and Trautmann, C. (1992). “Experimental Study of DrainedLateral and Moment Behavior of Drilled Shafts During Static and Cyclic Loading,” Rpt.TR-100223, Electric Power Research Inst., Palo Alto, January.

Agarwal, S. (1973). “Characterisation of Clay as Applicable to Pile Foundations UnderDynamic Lateral Loads,” Proc. Symposium Earth and Earth Structures UnderEarthquakes and Dynamic Loads, Roorkee, 64-71.

Aktan, H., Kagawa, T., Kambhatla, A., and Celebi, M. (1992). “Measured and AnalyticalResponse of a Pile Supported Building,” Proc. 10th World Conf. Earthquake Eng.,Madrid, Vol. 3, 1791-1796.

Allen, L. and Reese, L. (1980). “Small Scale Tests for the Determination of p-y Curves inLayered Soils,” Proc. 12th Offshore Technology Conf., OTC 3747, Vol. 1, 109-116.

Alpan, I. (1973). “The Dynamic Response of Pile Foundations to Lateral Forces,” Proc.5th World Conf. Earthquake Eng., Rome, Vol. 2, 256-271.

Page 2: Refs

421

American Petroleum Inst. (1993). “Recommended Practice for Planning, Designing, andConstructing Fixed Offshore Platforms - Working Stress Design,” Rpt. RP 2A-WSD, 20thEdition, July.

American Society for Testing and Materials (1997). “D 3966-90: Standard Test Methodfor Piles Under Lateral Loads,” Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Volume 4.08, Soil andRock.

Angelides, D. and Roesset, J. (1981). “Nonlinear Lateral Dynamic Stiffness of Piles” J.Geotech. Eng., ASCE, 107(11), 1443-1460.

Applied Technology Council (1996). “Improved Seismic Design Criteria for CaliforniaBridges: Provisional Recommendations,” Rpt. ATC-32, California Department ofTransportation, June.

Arango-Greiffenstein, I. (1971). “Seismic Stability of Slopes in Saturated Clay,” Ph.D.Dissertation, Univ. of California, Berkeley.

Arnold, P., Idriss, I., Reimer, R., Beebe, K., Marshall, P. (1977). “A Study of Soil-Pile-Structure Systems in Severe Earthquakes,” Proc. 9th Offshore Technology Conf., OTC2749, Houston, Vol. 1, 189-198.

Badoni, D. and Makris, N. (1997). “Analysis of the Nonlinear Response of StructuresSupported on Pile Foundations,” Rpt. No. UCB/EERC-97/07, Earthquake Eng. ResearchCtr., Univ. of California.

Banerjee, P. and Davies, T. (1980). “Analysis of Some Reported Case Histories ofLaterally Loaded Pile Groups,” Proc. 1st Intl. Conf. on Numerical Methods in OffshorePiling, London, 101-108.

Banerjee, P. and Sen, R. (1987). “Dynamic Behaviour of Axially and Laterally LoadedPiles and Pile Groups,” in Dynamic Behaviour of Foundations and Buried Structures, Vol.3, 95-115.

Banerjee, S., Stanton, J., and Hawkins, N. (1987). “Seismic Performance of PrecastPrestressed Concrete Piles,” J. Struct. Engrgr., ASCE, 113(2), 381-396.

Bartolomey, A. (1977). “Experimental Analysis of Pile Groups Under Lateral Loads,”Proc. 10th Specialty Session, 9th Intl. Conf. Soil Mechanics Fdn. Eng., Tokyo, 187-188.

Barton, Y. (1982). “Laterally Loaded Model Piles in Sand: Centrifuge Tests and FiniteElement Analyses,” Ph.D. Dissertation, Cambridge Univ.

Page 3: Refs

422

Barton, Y. (1984). “Response of Pile Groups to Lateral Loading in the Centrifuge,” Proc.Symposium on the Application of Centrifuge Modelling to Geotech. Eng., Manchester,457-473.

Bea, R. (1988). “PAR User Guidelines: Loadings, Soils, and Pile Characteristics,” Rpt. ToJoint Industry Project, Dept. of Civil Eng. And Dept. of Naval Architecture and OffshoreEng., Univ. of California, Berkeley, February.

Bea, R. (1990). “Dynamic Loading Effects on Pile Capacity,” in H.B. Seed MemorialSymposium, Vol. 2, BiTech, 377-412.

Bea, R. and Audibert, J. (1979). “Performance of Dynamically Loaded Pile Foundations,”Proc. 2nd Intl. Conf. on Behaviour of Offshore Structures, London, Vol. 3, 728-745.

Bea, R., Litton, R., Nour-Omid, S., Chang, J. (1984). “A Specialized Design and ResearchTool for the Modeling of Near-Field Soil Interactions,” Proc. 16th Offshore TechnologyConf., OTC 4806, Houston, Vol. 3, 249-252.

Beck, J. (1978). “Determining Models of Structures from Earthquake Records,” Rpt. No.EERL-78/01, Earthquake Eng. Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology,Pasadena.

Bhomik, S. and Long, J. (1991). “An Analytical Investigation of the Behavior of LaterallyLoaded Piles,” Proc. Geotech. Eng. Congress, Vol. 2, ASCE Spec. Pub. 27, 1307-1318.

Bierschwale, M., Coyle, H., and Bartowkewitz, R. (1981). “Lateral Load Tests on DrilledShafts Founded In Clay,” in Drilled Piers and Caissons, ASCE, 98-113.

Biscontin, G. (1998). personal communication.

Blaney, G. and O'Neill, M. (1986a). “Measured Lateral Response of Mass on Single Pilein Clay,” J. Geotech. Eng., ASCE, 112(4), 443-457.

Blaney, G. and O'Neill, M. (1986b). “Analysis of Dynamic Laterally Loaded Pile in Clay,”J. Geotech. Eng., ASCE, 112(9), 827-840.

Blaney, G. and O'Neill, M. (1989). “Dynamic Lateral Response of a Pile Group in Clay,”Geotech. Testing J., ASTM, 12(1), 22-29.

Blaney, G., and Mallow, W. (1987). “Synthetic Clay Soil for Dynamic Model Pile Tests,”in Dynamic Response of Pile Foundations - Experiment, Analysis, and Observation,Geotech. Spec. Pub. 11, ASCE, 127-148.

Page 4: Refs

423

Blaney, G., Kausel, E., and Roesset, J. (1976). “Dynamic Stiffness of Piles,” Proc. 2ndIntl. Conf. on Numerical Methods in Geomechanics, Blacksburg, Vol. 2, 1001-1012.

Blaney, G., Muster, G., and O’Neill, M. (1987). “Vertical Vibration Test of a Full-ScaleGroup,” in Dynamic Response of Pile Foundations - Experiment, Analysis, andObservation, Geotech. Spec. Pub. 11, ASCE, 149-165.

Bogard, D. and Matlock, H. (1980). “Simplified Calculation of P-Y Curves for LaterallyLoaded Piles in Sands,” Unpublished Report, Earth Technology Corp.

Bogard, D. and Matlock, H. (1983). “Procedures for the Analysis of Laterally Loaded PileGroups in Soft Clay,” Proc. Conf. Geotech. Practice in Offshore Eng., ASCE, Austin,499-535.

Bonaparte, R. and Mitchell, J. (1979). “The Properties of San Francisco Bay Mud atHamilton Air Force Base, California,” Rpt. to the Dept. of Civil Eng., Univ. of California,Berkeley, April.

Bouafia, A. and Garnier, J. (1991). “Experimental Study of P-Y Curves for Piles in Sand,”Proc. Intl. Conf. Centrifuge ’91, Boulder, 261-268.

Bouckovalas, G. (1996). “Evaluation of Cyclic Model Tests on Anchor Piles in Clay,”Soils and Foundations, JSSMFE, 36(4), 57-70.

Boulanger, R., Bray, J., Chew, S., Seed, R., Mitchell, J., and Duncan, J. (1991).“SSCOMPPC: A Finite Element Analysis Program for Evaluation of Soil-StructureInteraction and Compaction Effects,” Rpt. UCB/GT/91-02, Univ. of California, Berkeley.

Bray, J. (1990). “The Effects of Tectonic Movements on Stresses and Deformations inEarth Embankments,” Ph.D. Dissertation, Univ. of California, Berkeley.

Brittsan, D. (1995). “Indicator Pile Test Program for the Seismic Retrofit of the EastApproach Structure of the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge,” Caltrans FoundationTesting and Instrumentation Office of Structural Foundations Engineering Service Center,Sacramento, April.

Broms, B. (1964a). “Lateral Resistance of Piles in Cohesive Soils,” J. Soil Mechanics andFoundation Div., ASCE, 90(3), 27-63.

Broms, B. (1964b). “Lateral Resistance of Piles in Cohesionless Soils,” J. Soil Mechanicsand Foundation Div., ASCE, 90(3), 123-156.

Brown, D. and Shie, C. (1991). “Modification of P-Y Curves to Account for GroupEffects on Laterally Loaded Piles,” Proc. Geotech. Eng. Congress, Vol. 1, ASCE Spec.Pub. 27, 479-490.

Page 5: Refs

424

Brown, D., Morrison, C., and Reese, L. (1988). “Lateral Load Behavior of a Pile Groupin Sand,” J. Geotech. Eng., ASCE, 114(11), 1261-1276.

Brown, D., Reese, L., and O’Neill, M. (1987). “Cyclic Lateral Loading of a Large ScalePile Group,” J. Geotech. Eng., ASCE, 113(11), 1326-1343.

Brown, D., Reese, L., and O’Neill, M. (1987). “Cyclic Lateral Loading of a Large ScalePile Group,” J. Geotech. Eng., ASCE, 113(11), 1326-1343.

Brown, D., Shie, C., and Kumar, M. (1989). “P-Y Curves for Laterally Loaded PilesDerived from Three Dimensional Finite Element Model,” Proc. 3rd Intl. Symposium onNumerical Models in Geomechanics, Niagra Falls, 683-690.

Budhu, M. and Davies, T. (1987). “Nonlinear Analysis of Laterally Loaded Piles inCohesionless Soils,” Can. Geotech. J., 24(2), 289-296.

Budhu, M. and Davies, T. (1988). “Analysis of Laterally Loaded Piles in Soft Clays,” J.Geotech. Eng., ASCE, 114(1), 21-39.

Building Seismic Safety Council (1997). “NEHRP Guidelines for the SeismicRehabilitation of Buildings, 1997 Edition, Part 1: Provisions and Part 2: Commentary,”Rpts. No. FEMA 273/274, Federal Emergency Management Agency, October.

Building Seismic Safety Council (1997). “NEHRP Recommended Provisions for SeismicRegulations for New Buildings and Other Structures, 1997 Edition, Part 1: Provisions andPart 2: Commentary,” Rpts. No. FEMA 302/303, Federal Emergency ManagementAgency, October.

Burr, J., Pender, M., and Larkin, T. (1997). “Dynamic Response of Laterally Excited PileGroups,” J. Geotech. And Geoenv. Eng., ASCE, 123(1), 1-8.

Butterfield, R. and Khan, A. (1985). “Determination of the Dynamic Response of Piles toLateral Loads,” Proc. 2nd Intl. Conf. Soil Dyn. Earthquake Engrg, aboard QEII, 123-134.

Cafe, P. (1991). “Dynamic Response of a Pile-Supported Bridge on Soft Soil,” M.S.Thesis, Univ. of California, Davis.

Cai, Y., Gould, P., and Desai, C. (1995). “Numerical Implementation of a 3-D NonlinearSeismic S-P-S-I Methodology,” in Seismic Analysis and Design for Soil-Pile-StructureInteractions, Geotech. Spec. Pub. 70, ASCE, 96-110.

Caliendo, J., Anderson, L., Winward, R., Dapp, S., and Musser, S. (1996).“Instrumentation for Laterally Loaded Model Piles,” in Small Magnitude Measurements inGeotechnical Engineering, Transportation Research Record 1548, 67-73.

Page 6: Refs

425

Carrubba, P. and Maugeri, M. (1996). “Non Linear Effects During Dynamic Loading onPiles,” Proc. 11th World Conf. Earthquake Eng., Acapulco, Paper No. 2074.

Carter, D. (1984). “A Nonlinear Soil Model for Predicting Lateral Pile Response,” Rpt.359, Dept. of Civil Eng., Univ. of Auckland.

Carter, J. and Kulhawy, F. (1988). “Analysis and Design of Drilled Shaft FoundationsSocketed Into Rock,” Rpt. EL-5918, Electric Power Research Inst., Palo Alto, August.

Celebi, M. (1993a). “Seismic Responses of Two Adjacent Buildings. I: Data andAnalyses,” J. Struct. Eng., ASCE, 119(8), 2461-2476.

Celebi, M. (1993b). “Seismic Responses of Two Adjacent Buildings. II: Interaction,”J. Struct. Eng., ASCE, 119(8), 2477-2492.

Celebi, M. and Safak, E. (1992). “Seismic Response of Pacific Park Plaza, I: Data andPreliminary Analysis,” J. Struct. Eng., ASCE, 118(6), 1547-1565.

Chacko, M. (1995). “Analysis of Dynamic Soil-Pile-Structure Interaction,” M.S. Thesis,Univ. of California, Davis.

Chang, C., Naesgaard, E., Wang, Z., and Siu, D. (1995). “Geotechnical Considerationsfor Seismic Vulnerability Study of Port Mann Bridge,” Proc. Natl. Seismic Conference onBridges and Highways, FHWA.

Chang, G., Kutter, B., and Romstad, K. (1990). “Centrifuge Modeling of Soil-pile-Structure Interaction During Simulated Earthquake Loading,” Proc. 4th U.S. Natl. Conf.on Earthquake Eng., Palm Springs, Vol. 3, 805-814.

Chen, L., Poulos, H., and Hull, T.(1996). “Model Tests on Pile Groups Subjected toLateral Soil Movement,” Research Rpt. No. R729, School of Civil and Mining Eng., Univ.of Sydney, September.

Clough, R. and Penzien, J. (1996). Dynamics of Structures, 2nd Edition, McGraw-Hill,New York.

Clough, R. and Pirtz, D. (1956). “Earthquake Resistance of Rockfill Dams,” J. SoilMechanics and Foundation Div., ASCE, 82(2), 1-26.

Cofer, W., McLean, D., and McGuire, J. (1994). “Analytical Modeling of Foundations forSeismic Analysis of Bridges,” WSDOT Rpt. WA-RD 328.2, Washington State Univ.,February.

Conner, G. and Grant, W. (1995). “Seismic Analysis of Concrete Columns on Single

Page 7: Refs

426

Drilled Shafts,” Proc. Natl. Seismic Conference on Bridges and Highways, FHWA.Cox, W., Dixon, D., and Murphy, B. (1983). “Lateral Load Tests on 25.4 mm (1-in.)Diameter Piles in Very Soft Clay in Side-by-Side and In-Line Groups,” in LaterallyLoaded Deep Foundations, Analysis and Performance, ASTM Spec. Tech. Pub. 835, 122-139.

Craig, W. (1985). “Modelling Pile Installation in Centrifuge Experiments,” Proc. 11th Intl.Conf. Soil Mech. Fdn. Eng., San Francisco, Vol. 2, 1101-1104.

Crouse, C. and Cheang, L. (1987). “Dynamic Testing and Analysis of Pile-GroupFoundation,” in Dynamic Response of Pile Foundations - Experiment, Analysis, andObservation, Geotech. Spec. Pub. 11, ASCE, 79-98.

Crouse, C., and Jennings, P. (1975). “Soil-Structure Interaction During the San FernandoEarthquake,” Bull. Seis. Soc. Amer., 65(1), 13-36.

CUREe - Kajima (1991). “Dynamic Interaction Between Pile Group and Non-linear Soil,”Rpt. No. CK 91-02, CUREe and Kajima Corp., February.

Darr, K. (1990). “Effect of Oblique, Tensile Loading on the Capacity of a Vertical Pile inClay,” M.S. Thesis, Univ. of Texas at Austin.

Davies, T. and Budhu, M. (1986). “Nonlinear Analysis of Laterally Loaded Piles inHeavily Overconsolidated Clay,” Geotechnique, 36(4), 527-538.

Davisson, M. (1972). “Inspection of Pile Driving Operations ,” Tech. Rpt. M-22, ColdRegions Research Engineering Laboratories, Corps of Engineers, U.S. Dept. of the Army.

Davisson, M. and Gill, H. (1963). “Laterally Loaded Piles in a Layered System,” J. SoilMechanics and Foundation Div., ASCE, 89(3), 63-94.

Davisson, M. and Salley, J. (1970). “Model Study of Laterally Loaded Piles,” J. SoilMechanics and Foundation Div., ASCE, 96(5), 1605-1627.

De Alba, P. (1983). “Group Effect on Piles in a Liquefying Sand Deposit,” Proc. Conf.Geotech. Practice in Offshore Eng., ASCE, Austin, 300-314.

Desai, C. and Appel, G. (1976). “3-D Analysis of Laterally Loaded Structures,” Proc. 2ndIntl. Conf. on Numerical Methods in Geomechanics, ASCE, Blacksburg, 405-418.

Dickenson, S. (1994). “Dynamic Response of Soft and Deep Cohesive Soils During theLoma Prieta Earthquake of October 17, 1989,” Ph.D. Dissertation, Univ. of California,Berkeley.

Dobry, R. and Gazetas, G. (1988). “Simple Method for Dynamic Stiffness and Damping

Page 8: Refs

427

of Floating Pile Groups,” Geotechnique, 38(4), 557-574.Dobry, R., Vicente, E., O’Rourke, M., and Roesset, J. (1982). “Horizontal Stiffness andDamping of Single Piles,” J. Geotech. Eng., ASCE, 108(3), 439-458.

Dou, H. and Byrne, P. (1996). “Dynamic Response of Single Piles and Soil-PileInteraction,” Can. Geotech. J., 33(1), 80-96.

Duncan, J., Evans, L., and Ooi, P. (1994). “Lateral Load Analysis of Single Piles andDrilled Shafts,” J. Geotech. Eng., ASCE, 120(6), 1018-1033.

Dyvik, R., and Madshus, C. (1985). “Lab Measurements of Gmax Using BenderElements,” in Advances in the Art of Testing Soils Under Cyclic Conditions, ASCE, 186-196.

Edmonds, F., Carr, A., Goldsmith, P., North, P., Wood, J., and Preston, R. (1980).“Seismic Design of Bridges, Section 4 - Bridge Foundations,” Bull. of the New ZealandNatl. Soc. for Earthquake Eng., 13(3), 248-261.

El Naggar, M. and Novak, M. (1994a). “Nonlinear Model for Dynamic Axial PileResponse,” J. Geotech. Eng., ASCE, 120(2), 308-329.

El Naggar, M. and Novak, M. (1994b). “Nonlinear Axial Interaction in Pile Dynamics,” J.Geotech. Eng., ASCE, 120(4), 678-696.

El Naggar, M. and Novak, M. (1995). “Effect of Foundation Nonlinearity on ModalProperties of Offshore Towers,” J. Geotech. Eng., ASCE, 121(9), 660-668.

El Sharnouby, B. and Novak, M. (1984). “Dynamic Experiments with Group of Piles,” J.Geotech. Eng., ASCE, 110(6), 719-737.

El Sharnouby, B. and Novak, M. (1990). “Stiffness Constants and Interaction Factors forVertical Response of Pile Groups,” Can. Geotech. J., 27(6), 813-822.

El-Marsafawi, H., Han, Y., and Novak, M. (1992). “Dynamic Experiments on Two PileGroups,” J. Geotech. Eng., ASCE, 118(6), 576-592.

El-Marsafawi, H., Kaynia, A., and Novak, M. (1992). “The Superposition Approach toPile Group Dynamics,” in Piles Under Dynamic Loads, Geotech. Spec. Pub. 34, ASCE,114-135.

Emery, J. and Nair, G. (1977). “Dynamic Response of a Single Pile,” Proc. 10th SpecialtySession, 9th Intl. Conf. Soil Mechanics Fdn. Eng., Tokyo, 151-158.

Esashi, Y. and Yoshida, Y. (1980). “Convenient Aseismic Design of Pile Foundation,”Proc. 7th World Conf. Earthquake Eng., Istanbul, Vol. 3, 419-426.

Page 9: Refs

428

Fan, K. and Gazetas, G. (1991). “Seismic Response of Single Piles and Pile Groups,” Rpt.NCEER-91-0003, Dept. of Civil Eng., SUNY Buffalo, January.

Feagin, L. (1937). “Lateral Pile Loading Tests,” Transactions of the ASCE, Vol. 102,Paper No. 1959, 236-254.

Fenves, G. and DesRoches, R. (1994). “Response of the Northwest Connector in theLanders and Big Bear Earthquakes,” Rpt. No. UCB/EERC-94/12, Earthquake Eng.Research Ctr., Univ. of California.

Fenves, G., and Serino, G. (1992). “Evaluation of Soil-Structure Interaction in BuildingsDuring Earthquakes,” Data Utilization Rpt. CSMIP/92-01, Rpt. to Offc. of StrongMotion Studies, Div. of Mines and Geology, California Dept. of Conservation, June.

Fenves, G., Fillipou, F., and Sze, D. (1992). “Response of the Dumbarton Bridge in theLoma Prieta Earthquake,” Rpt. No. UCB/EERC-92/02, Earthquake Eng. Research Ctr.,Univ. of California.

Fiegel, G. (1995). “Centrifugal and Analytical Modeling of Soft Soil Sites Subjected toStrong Shaking,” Ph.D. Dissertation, Univ. of California, Davis.

Fiegel, G., Hudson, M., Idriss, I., Kutter, B., and Zeng, X. (1994). “Effect of ModelContainers on Dynamic Soil Response,” Proc. of Centrifuge ’94, Singapore, 145-150.

Finn, W. and Gohl, B. (1987). “Centrifuge Model Studies of Piles Under SimulatedEarthquake Lateral Loading,” in Dynamic Response of Pile Foundations - Experiment,Analysis, and Observation, Geotech. Spec. Pub. 11, ASCE, 21-38.

Finn, W. and Gohl, W. (1992). “Response of Model Pile Groups to Strong Shaking,” inPiles Under Dynamic Loads, Geotech. Spec. Pub. 34, ASCE, 27-55.

Focht, J. and Koch, K. (1973). “Rational Analysis of the Lateral Performance of OffshorePile Groups,” Proc. 5th Offshore Technology Conf., OTC 1896, Houston, Vol. 2, 701-706.

Fowler, M., Johnston, R., and Nagle, G. (1994). “Seismic Retrofit of Foundations for aDouble-Deck Viaduct,” Proc. Intl. Conf. on Design and Construction of DeepFoundations, FHWA, Vol. 2, 439-453.

Franke, E. (1988). “Group Action Between Vertical Piles Under Horizontal Loads,” Proc.1st Intl. Geotech. Seminar on Deep Foundations on Bored and Auger Piles, Ghent, 83-93.

Page 10: Refs

429

Franke, E. and Muth, G. (1985). “Scale Effect in 1-g Model Tests on Horizontally LoadedPiles,” Proc. 11th Intl. Conf. Soil Mech. Fdn. Eng., San Francisco, Vol. 2, 1011-1014.

Fujii, S., Cubrinovski, M., Tokimatsu, K., and Hayashi, T. (1998). “Analyses of Damagedand Undamaged Pile Foundations in Liquefied Soils During the 1995 Kobe Earthquake,”Proc. 3rd Conf. Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics, ASCE,Seattle, 1187-1198.

Fukouka, M. (1966). “Damage to Civil Engineering Structures,” Soils and Foundations,JSSMFE, 6(2), 45-52.

Fukuoka, A., Adachi, N., Miyamoto, Y., and Sako, Y. (1996). “Centrifuge Model Testsof Pile Foundation in Liquefiable Sand Deposits,” Proc. 11th World Conf. EarthquakeEng., Acapulco, Paper No. 368.

Fuse, Y., Ashihara, E., Kikuchi, T., and Goto, Y.(1992). “Vibration Test of Bridge Pierwith Large-Scale Group-Pile Foundation,” Proc. 10th World Conf. Earthquake Eng.,Madrid, Vol. 3, 1961-1966.

G & E Engineering Systems (1994). “San Francisco - Oakland Bay Bridge East CrossingEarthquake Assessment,” Rpt. R12.1, Consultants Report to California Department ofTransportation, December.

Gandhi, S. and Selvam, S. (1997). “Group Effect on Driven Piles Under Lateral Loads,” J.Geotech. And Geoenv. Eng., ASCE, 123(8), 702-709.

Gao, M., Tong, J., and Fang, H. (1988). “Model Studies and Numerical Analysis of Pile-Soil Interaction of Single and Arrayed Piles Under Static and Dynamic Loadings,” Proc.Intl. Symposium Modelling Soil-Water-Structure Interaction, Delft, 305-313.

Gaul, R. (1958). “Model Study of a Dynamically Laterally Loaded Pile,” J. SoilMechanics and Foundation Div., ASCE, 84(1), Paper No. 1535, 1-33.

Gazetas, G. (1991). “Foundation Vibrations,” in Foundation Engineering Handbook, 2ndEdition, Van Nostrand Reinhold, 553-593.

Gazetas, G. and Dobry, R. (1984). “Horizontal Response of Piles in Layered Soils,” J.Geotech. Eng., ASCE, 110(1), 20-40.

Gazetas, G. and Makris, N. (1991). “Dynamic Pile-Soil-Pile Interaction - Part I: Analysisof Axial Vibration,” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 20(2), 115-132.

Page 11: Refs

430

Gazetas, G. and Mylonakis, G. (1998). “Seismic Soil-Structure Interaction: New Evidenceand Emerging Issues,” Proc. 3rd Conf. Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and SoilDynamics, ASCE, Seattle, 1119-1174.

Gazetas, G., Fan, K., Tazoh, T., and Shimizu, K. (1993). “Seismic Response of the PileFoundation of Ohba-Ohashi Bridge,” Proc. 3rd Intl. Conf. on Case Histories in Geotech.Eng., St. Louis, Vol. 3, 1803-1809.

Gazetas, G., Fan, K., Tazoh, T., Shimizu, M., Kavvadas, M., and Makris, N. (1992).“Seismic Pile-Group-Structure Interaction,” in Piles Under Dynamic Loads, Geotech.Spec. Pub. 34, ASCE, 56-93.

Georgiadis, M. and Butterfield, R. (1982). “Laterally Loaded Pile Behavior,” J. Geotech.Eng., ASCE, 108(1), 155-165.

Gibson, A. (1996). “Physical Scale Modeling of Geotechnical Structures at One-G,” Ph.D.Dissertation, California Inst. of Tech., Pasadena.

Gill, H. (1968). “Soil Behavior Around Laterally Loaded Piles,” Technical Rpt. R 571,Naval Civil Engineering Laboratory, Naval Facilities Eng. Command, Port Hueneme,April.

Girault, P. (1986). “Analysis of Foundation Failures,” in The Mexico Earthquake, 1985 -Factors Involved and Lessons Learned, ASCE, 178-192.

Glaser, S. (1993). “Estimating Soil Parameters Important for Lifeline Siting Using SystemIdentification Techniques,” Rpt. No. NIST 5143, Building and Fire Research Laboratory,National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg.

Gle, D. and Woods, R. (1983). “Suggested Procedure for Conducting Dynamic Lateral-Load Tests on Piles,” in Laterally Loaded Deep Foundations, Analysis and Performance,ASTM Spec. Tech. Pub. 835, 157-171.

Gohl, W. (1991). “Response of Pile Foundations to Simulated Earthquake Loading:Experimental and Analytical Results,” Ph.D. Dissertation, Univ. of British Columbia.

Gohl, W. (1993). “Response of Pile Foundations to Earthquake Shaking - GeneralAspects of Behavior and Design Methodologies,” Seismic Soil/Structure InteractionSeminar, Vancouver, B.C.

Gohl, W. and Finn, W. (1987). “Seismic Response of Single Piles in Shake Table Studies,”Proc. 5th Canadian Conf. Earthquake Eng., Ottawa, 435-443.

Page 12: Refs

431

Gomez, R. and Garcia-Ranz, F. (1988). “The Mexico Earthquake of September 19, 1985 -Complementary Technical Norms for Earthquake Resistant Design, 1987 Edition,”Earthquake Spectra, EERI, 4(3), 441-459.

Gookin, W. (1998). “The Combined Effects of Loading Frequency and Other Parameterson Dynamic Properties of Reconstituted Cohesive Soils” Ph.D. Dissertation, Univ. ofCalifornia, Berkeley.

Grib, S. (1975). “Behaviour of Pile Foundations Under Horizontal Seismic Action,” Proc.5th European Conf. Earthquake Eng., Istanbul, Vol. 1.

Gruber, A. (1996). “Stress-Strain Testing of a Model Soil for Earthquake Simulation,”Rpt. to the Dept. of Civil Eng., Univ. of California, Berkeley, August.

Gyoten, Y., Mizuhata, K., Fukusumi, T., Fukui, M., and Ono, T. (1980). “Study on theEarthquake Response of the Structure-Pile-Soil System Considering Liquefaction andNonlinear Restoring Force Characteristics of Soil Layers,” Proc. 7th World Conf.Earthquake Eng., Istanbul, Vol. 6, 113-120.

Hadjian, A., Fallgren, R., and Lau, L. (1990). “Imperial County Services BuildingRevisited: A Reevaluation with Pile-Soil-Structure Interaction,” Proc. 4th U.S. Natl.Conf. Earthquake Eng., Palm Springs, Vol. 3, 835-844.

Hadjian, A., Fallgren, R., and Tufenkjian, S. (1992). “Dynamic Soil-Pile-StructureInteraction - The State-of-the-Practice,” in Piles Under Dynamic Loads, Geotech. Spec.Pub. 34, ASCE, 1-26.

Hagio, K., Suenaga, A., Yamada, T., and Kawamura, S. (1977). “Earthquake MotionMeasurement of Plant Towers on Soft Subsoil,” Proc. 6th World Conf. Earthquake Eng.,New Delhi, Vol. 2, 1522-1528.

Hakulinen, M. (1991). “Measured Full-Scale Dynamic Lateral Pile Responses in Clay andin Sand,” Proc. 2nd Int. Conf. on Recent Advances in Geotech. Eng. and Soil Dyn., St.Louis, Vol. 1, 201-206.

Hakuno, M, Iwasaki, T., and Tatsuoka, F. (1977). “Effects of Soil Liquefaction onDynamic Behavior of Pile Foundations,” Proc. 10th Specialty Session, 9th Intl. Conf. SoilMechanics Fdn. Eng., Tokyo, 165-174.

Hakuno, M. (1973). “Evaluation of Dynamical Properties of Pile Foundation Based onWave Dissipation Theory,” Proc. 5th World Conf. Earthquake Eng., Rome, Vol. 2, 2628-2637.

Hamada, M. (1991). “Damage to Piles by Liquefaction-Induced Ground Displacements,”Proc. 3rd U.S. Conference Lifeline Earthquake Eng., ASCE, Los Angeles, 1172-1181.

Page 13: Refs

432

Hamada, M. and Ishida, O. (1980). “Earthquake Observation and Numerical Analysis ofDynamic Strain of Foundation Pile,” Proc. 7th World Conf. Earthquake Eng., Istanbul,Vol. 3, 435-442.

Hamilton, J., Dunnavant, T., Murff, J., and Phillips, R. (1991). “Centrifuge Study ofLaterally Loaded Behavior in Clay,” Proc. Intl. Conf. Centrifuge ’91, Boulder, 285-292.

Han, Y. and Cathro, D. (1996). “Seismic Response of Nonlinear Soil-Pile System,” Proc.11th World Conf. Earthquake Eng., Acapulco, Paper No. 923.

Han, Y. and Vaziri, H. (1992). “Dynamic Response of Pile Groups Under LateralLoading,” Soil Dyn. And Earthquake Eng., 11(2), 87-99.

Hansbro, S. (1995). “Ultimate Resistance of Laterally Loaded Piles,” Proc. Bengt BromsSymposium in Geotech. Eng., Singapore, 165-170.

Hariharan, M. and Kumarasamy, K. (1982). “Analysis of Pile Groups Subjected to LateralLoads,” Proc. 3rd Intl. Conf. on Behaviour of Offshore Structures, Cambridge, Vol. 2,383-390.

Hassini, S. and Woods, R. (1989). “Dynamic Experiments with Model Pile Foundations,”Proc. 12th Intl. Conf. Soil Mechanics Fdn. Eng., Rio de Janiero, Vol. 2, 1135-1138.

Hayashi, S., Miyajima, N., and Yamashita, I. (1965). “Horizontal Resistance of Steel PilesUnder Static and Dynamic Loads,” Proc. 3rd World Conf. Earthquake Eng., Auckland,Vol. 2, 146-167.

Heng-Li, V. (1985). “Vibration Test and Seismic Response Analysis of Model Ground-Pile-Structure System,” Individual Studies by Participants at the Intl. Inst. of Seismologyand Earthquake Eng., Vol. 21, 197-208.

Hetenyi, (1946). “Beams on Elastic Foundations,” University of Michigan Press.

Hideto, S., Makoto, K., and Toshio, Y. (1996). “Study on Nonlinear Dynamic AnalysisMethod of Pile Subjected to Ground Motion. Part 2: Comparison Between Theory andExperiment,” Proc. 11th World Conf. Earthquake Eng., Acapulco, Paper No. 1289.

Hoit, M., Hays, C., and McVay, M. (1997). “The Florida Pier Analysis Program –Methods and Models for Pier Analysis and Design,” Trans. Res. Record 1569, FHWA, 1-7.

Holloway, D., Moriwaki, Y., Finno, R., and Green, R. (1982). “Lateral Load Response ofa Pile Group in Sand,” Proc. 2nd International Conference on Numerical Methods inOffshore Piling, Austin, 441-456.

Page 14: Refs

433

Holmquist, D. and Matlock, H. (1976). “Resistance-Displacement Relationships forAxially-Loaded Piles in Soft Clay,” Proc. 8th Offshore Technology Conf., OTC 2474,Vol. 1, 553-569.

Horikoshi, K. and Randolph, M. (1996). “Centrifuge Modelling of Piled Raft Foundationson Clay,” Geotechnique, 46(4) 741-752.

Housner, G. (1957). “Interaction of Building and Ground During an Earthquake,” Bull.Seis. Soc. Amer., 47(3), 179-186.

Hrennikoff, A. (1950). “Analysis of Pile Foundations With Batter Piles,” Transactions ofthe ASCE, Vol. 125, 351-374.

Hughes, J. and Goldsmith, P. (1977). “A Qualitative View of Lateral Displacement ofPoles and Piles in Sand,” Proc. 10th Specialty Session, 9th Intl. Conf. Soil MechanicsFdn. Eng., Tokyo, 71-76.

Hwang, J., Chang, K., and Lee, G. (1987). “The System Characteristics and Performanceof a Shaking Table,” Rpt. NCEER-87-0004, Dept. of Civil Eng., SUNY Buffalo, June.

Iai, S. (1989). “Similitude for Shaking Table Tests on Soil-Structure-Fluid Model in 1gGravitational Field,” Soils and Foundations, JSSMFE, 29(1), 105-118.

Idriss, I. (1990). “Response of Soft Soil Sites During Earthquakes,” in H.B. SeedMemorial Symposium, Vol. 2, BiTech, 273-289.

Idriss, I. And Sun, J.(1992): “User’s Manual for SHAKE 91,” Center for Geotech.Modeling, Univ. of California, Davis.

Imamura,A., Hijikata, K., Tomii, Y., Nakai, S., and Hasegawa, M. (1996). “AnExperimental Study on Nonlinear Pile-Soil Interaction Based on Forced Vibration Tests ofa Single Pile and a Pile Group,” Proc. 11th World Conf. Earthquake Eng., Acapulco,Paper No. 563.

Intl. Conference of Building Officials (1997). “Uniform Building Code, Volume 2,Structural Engineering Design Provisions,” Whittier.

Ishii, Y. and Fujita, K. (1965). “Field Test on the Lateral Resistance of Large DiameterSteel Pipe Piles and Its Application to the Aseismic Design of Pile Bent-Type Pier,” Proc.3rd World Conf. Earthquake Eng., Auckland, Vol. 4, 256-271.

Itasca Consulting Group (1993): Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua, Version 3.2.

Iwasaki, T. (1973). “Earthquake Resistant Design of Bridges in Japan,” Bull. PublicWorks Research Inst., Ministry of Construction, Vol. 29.

Page 15: Refs

434

Jackura, K. and Abghari, A. (1994). “Mitigation of Liquefaction Hazards at ThreeCalifornia Bridge Sites,” Proc. of the 5th U.S.-Japan Workshop on Earthquake ResistantDesign of Lifeline Facilities and Countermeasures Against Soil Liquefaction, Rpt. No.NCEER-94-0026, NCEER, 495-513.

Jaime, A., Romo, M., and Resendiz, D. (1989). “Cyclic Load Tests on Friction Piles,” inLessons Learned from the 1985 Mexico Earthquake, Pub. 89-02, Earthquake Eng.Research Inst., 64-65.

Jamilokowski, M. and Garassino, A. (1977). “Soil Modulus for Laterally Loaded Piles,”Proc. 10th Specialty Session, 9th Intl. Conf. Soil Mechanics Fdn. Eng., Tokyo, 43-58.

Jennings, D., Thurston, S., and Edmonds, F. (1984). “Static and Dynamic Lateral Loadingof Two Piles,” Proc. 8th World Conf. Earthquake Eng., San Francisco, Vol. 3, 561-568.

Kagawa, T. (1983). “Dynamic Lateral Pile Group Effects,” J. Geotech. Eng., ASCE,109(10), 1267-1285.

Kagawa, T. (1991). “Dynamic Soil Reaction to Axially Loaded Piles,” J. Geotech. Eng.,ASCE, 117(7), 1001-1020.

Kagawa, T., and Kraft, L. (1980). “Seismic P-Y Responses of Flexible Piles,” J. Geotech.Eng., ASCE, 106(8), 899-918.

Kagawa, T. and Kraft, L. (1981). “Lateral Pile Response During Earthquakes,” J.Geotech. Eng., ASCE, 107(12), 1713-1731.

Kagawa, T., Minowa, C., Mizuno, H. and Abe, A. (1994). “Shaking-Table Tests on Pilesin Liquefying Sand,” Proc. 5th U.S. Natl. Conf. Earthquake Eng., Chicago, Vol. 4, 107-116.

Kana, D., Boyce, L., and Blaney, G. (1986). “Development of a Scale Model for theDynamic Interaction of a Pile in Clay,” J. of Energy Resources Technology, ASME,108(3), 254-261.

Kawakami, F. and Asada, A. (1966). “Damage to the Ground and Earth Structures by theNiigata Earthquake of June 16, 1964,” Soils and Foundations, JSSMFE, 6(1), 14-30.

Kawamura, S., Umemura, H., and Osawa, Y. (1977). “Earthquake Motion Measurementof a Pile-Supported Building on Reclaimed Ground,” Proc. 6th World Conf. EarthquakeEng., New Delhi, Vol. 2, 1563-1569.

Kawashima, K. and Hasegawa, K. (1994). “New Seismic Design Specifications ofHighway Bridges in Japan,” Earthquake Spectra, 10(2), EERI, 333-356.Kawashima, K., Shimizu, K., Mori, S., Takagi, M., Suzuki, N., and Nakamura, S. (1988).

Page 16: Refs

435

“Analytical Studies on Damage to Bridges and Foundation Piles Caused by Liquefaction-Induced Permanent Ground Displacement,” Proc. 1st Japan-U.S. Workshop onLiquefaction, Large Ground Deformation, and Their Effects on Lifeline Facilities,Tokyo, 99-117.

Kay, S., Kolk, H., and van Hooydonk, W. (1983). “Site Specific Design of LaterallyLoaded Piles,” Proc. Conf. Geotech. Practice in Offshore Eng., ASCE, Austin, 557-580.

Kaynia, A. and Kausel, E. (1982). “Dynamic Stiffness and Seismic Response of PileGroups,” Rpt. R82-03, Massachusetts Inst. of Technology, Cambridge.

Kaynia, A. and Novak, M. (1992). “Response of Pile Foundations to Rayleigh Waves andto Obliquely Incident Body Waves,” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 21(4), 303-318.

Kim, J. and Brungraber, R. (1976). “Full Scale Lateral Load Tests of Pile Groups,” J.Geotech. Eng., ASCE, 102(1), 87-105.

Kim, J., Singh, L., and Brungraber, R. (1979). “Pile Cap Soil Interaction from Full-ScaleLateral Load Tests,” J. Geotech. Eng., ASCE, 105(5), 643-653.

Kim, Y., Roesset, J., and Stokoe, K. (1987). “Interpretation of Vertical Vibration Tests onSmall Scale Piles,” in Dynamic Response of Pile Foundations - Experiment, Analysis, andObservation, Geotech. Spec. Pub. 11, ASCE, 110-126.

Kimura, M., Nakabayashi, S., and Ito, K. (1993). “Field Tests and Analyses on UltimateBehavior of Lateral Loading Bored Piles,” Proc. 2nd Intl. Geotech. Seminar on DeepFoundations on Bored and Auger Piles, Ghent, 143-146.

Kishida, H. (1966). “Damage to Reinforced Concrete Buildings in Niigata City withSpecial Reference to Foundation Engineering,” Soils and Foundations, JSSMFE, 6(1),71-88.

Kishida, H., Suzuki, Y., and Nakai, S. (1985). “Behavior of a Pile Under HorizontalCyclic Loading,” Proc. 11th Intl. Conf. Soil Mech. Fdn. Eng., San Francisco, Vol. 3,1413-1416.

Kline, S. (1965). Similitude and Approximation Theory, McGraw-Hill, New York.

Ko, H., Atkinson, R., Goble, G., and Ealy, C. (1984). “Centrifugal Modeling of PileFoundations,” in Analysis and Design of Pile Foundations, ASCE, 21-40.

Kobayashi, K., Yoshida, N., and Yao, S. (1991). “Dynamic Compliance of a Pile GroupConsidering Nonlinear Behavior Around Piles,” Proc. 2nd Int. Conf. on Recent Advancesin Geotech. Eng. and Soil Dyn., St. Louis, Vol. 1, 785-792.Kobayashi, K., Yoshida, N., and Yao, S. (1992). “Pile-Soil Modeling in Liquefied Sand

Page 17: Refs

436

Layer in Aseismic Design Method,” Proc. 10th World Conf. Earthquake Eng., Madrid,Vol. 3, 1743-1746.

Kobori, T., Nakazawa, M., Hijikata, K., Kobayashi, Y., Miura, K., Miyamoto, Y., andMoroi, T. (1991). “Study on Dynamic Characteristics of a Pile Group Foundation,” Proc.2nd Int. Conf. on Recent Advances in Geotech. Eng. and Soil Dyn., St. Louis, Vol. 1,853-860.

Kokushko, S., Wada, A., Kobayashi, K., Hayashi, S., Horii, M., Kihara, H., and Saito, S.(1984). “Experimental Study on Plastic Deformability of High Strength PrestressedConcrete Piles Under Axial and Lateral Forces,” Proc. 8th World Conf. Earthquake Eng.,San Francisco, Vol. 3, 609-616.

Konagai, K., Mikama, A., and Nogami, T., (1998). “Simulation of Soil-StructureInteraction Effects in Shaking Table Tests,” Proc. 3rd Conf. Geotechnical EarthquakeEngineering and Soil Dynamics, ASCE, Seattle, 482-493.

Koojiman, A. (1989). “Comparison of an Elastoplastic Quasi Three-Dimensional Modelfor Laterally Loaded Piles with Field Tests,” Proc. 3rd Intl. Symposium on NumericalModels in Geomechanics, Niagra Falls, 675-682.

Korgi, S. (1986). “Model Experiments of Dynamic Building-Pile-Soil Interaction,”Individual Studies by Participants at the Intl. Inst. of Seismology and Earthquake Eng.,Vol. 22, 209-225.

Kotthaus, M. and Jessberger, H. (1993). “Group Action of Laterally Loaded Piles,” Proc.2nd Intl. Geotech. Seminar on Deep Foundations on Bored and Auger Piles, Ghent, 147-150.

Kovacs (1968). “An Experimental Study of the Response of Clay Embankments to BaseExcitation,” Ph.D. Dissertation, Univ. of California, Berkeley.

Kraft, L., Ray, R., and Kagawa, T. (1981). “Theoretical T-Z Curves,” J. Geotech. Eng.,ASCE, 107(11), 1543-1561.

Kramer, S. (1993). “Seismic Response - Foundations in Soft Soils,” WSDOT Rpt. WA-RD264.1, Washington State Univ., July.

Kramer, S., Sivaneswaran, N., and Tucker, K. (1995). “Seismic Vulnerability of theAlaskan Way Viaduct: Geotechnical Engineering Aspects,” WSDOT Rpt. WA-RD 363.2,Washington State Univ., July.

Kubo, K. (1965). “Experimental Study of the Behaviour of Laterally Loaded Piles,” Proc.6th Intl. Conf. Soil Mech. Fdn. Eng., Montreal, Vol. 2, 275-279.Kubo, K. (1969). “Vibration Test of a Structure Supported by Pile Foundation,” Proc. 4th

Page 18: Refs

437

World Conf. Earthquake Eng., Santiago, A6:1-12.

Kuhlemeyer, R. (1979a). “Static and Dynamic Laterally Loaded Floating Piles,” J.Geotech. Eng., ASCE, 105(2), 289-304.

Kuhlemeyer (1979b). “Vertical Vibration of Piles,” J. Geotech. Eng., ASCE, 105(2), 273-287.

Kulhawy, F. and Chen, Y. (1995). “A Thirty Year Perspective of Broms’ Lateral LoadingModels, as Applied to Drilled Shafts,” Proc. Bengt Broms Symposium in Geotech. Eng.,Singapore, 225-240.

Lam, I. and Chang, L. (1995). “Dynamic Soil-Pile Interaction Behavior in SubmergedSands,” in Earthquake-Induced Movements and Seismic Remediation of ExistingFoundations and Abutments, Geotech. Spec. Pub. 55, ASCE, 110-135.

Lam, I. And Martin, G. (1986). “Seismic Design of Highway Bridge Foundations,”FHWA/RD-86/101, FHWA/RD-86/102, FHWA/RD-86/103, Federal HighwayAdministration.

Langhaar, H. (1951). Dimensional Analysis and Theory of Models, John Wiley and Sons,New York.

Lazarte, C. (1996). “The Response of Earth Structures to Surface Fault Rupture,” Ph.D.Dissertation, Univ. of California, Berkeley.

Lee, M., and Finn, W. (1978). “DESRA-2: Dynamic Effective Stress Response Analysisof Soil Deposits with Energy Transmitting Boundary Including Assessment ofLiquefaction Potential,” Soil Mechanics Series 38, Dept. of Civil Eng., Univ. ofVancouver, B.C.

Lenke, L., Ko, H., and Pak, R. (1991). “Centrifugal Modeling of a Pile Under VerticalRandom Excitation,” Proc. 2nd Intl. Conf. on Recent Advances in Geotech. Eng. and SoilDyn., St. Louis, Vol. 1, 229-232.

Levacher, D. and Schoefs, F. (1994). “Response of a Flexible Cyclic Loaded Pile in Sandby Centrifuge Modelling,” Proc. Intl. Conf. on Design and Construction of DeepFoundations, FHWA, Vol. 3, 1535-1551.

Lewis, K. and Gonzalez, L. (1985). “Finite Element Analysis of Laterally Loaded DrilledPiers in Clay,” Proc. 12th Intl. Conf. Soil Mechanics Fdn. Eng., Rio de Janiero, Vol. 2,1201-1204.

Page 19: Refs

438

Li, X., Wang, Z. , and Shen, C. (1992). “SUMDES: A Nonlinear Procedure for ResponseAnalysis of Horizontally-Layered Sites Subjected to Multidirectional EarthquakeLoading,” Dept. of Civil Eng., Univ. of California, Davis.

Liu, H. and Chen, K. (1991). “Test on Behavior of Pile Foundation in Liquefiable Soils,”Proc. 2nd Intl. Conf. on Recent Advances in Geotech. Eng. and Soil Dyn., St. Louis, Vol.1, 233-235.

Liu, L. and Dobry, R. (1995). “Effect of Liquefaction on Lateral Response of Piles byCentrifuge Model Tests,” NCEER Bull., SUNY-Buffalo, 7-11, January.

Ljung, L. (1995). System Identification Toolbox, User’s Guide, The Math Works, Inc.

Lok, M. (1998). “Effect of Soil Nonlinearity to the Behavior of Seismic Soil-Pile-Structure Interaction,” Ph.D. Dissertation, Univ. of California, Berkeley.

Lok, M. (1999). “Numerical Modeling of Seismic Soil-Pile-Structure Interaction in SoftClay,” Ph.D. Dissertation, Univ. of California, Berkeley.

Luong, M. (1986). “Centrifugal Models of Piles and Pile Groups Under Lateral HarmonicExcitations and Seismic Actions,” Proc. 3rd Intl. Conf. on Numerical Methods inOffshore Piling, Nantes, 511-525.

Lysmer, J., Tabatabaie-Raissi, M., Tajirian, F., Vahdani, S., and Ostadan, F. (1981).“SASSI: A System for Analysis of Soil-Structure Interaction,” Rpt. No. UCB/GT-81/02,Geotech. Eng., Univ. of California, April.

Lysmer, J., Udaka, T., Tsai, C-F., and Seed, H. (1975). “FLUSH - A Computer Programfor Approximate 3-D Analysis of Soil Structure Interaction Problems,” Rpt. No.UCB/EERC-75/30, Earthquake Eng. Research Ctr., Univ. of California.

Makris, N. (1994). “Soil-Pile Interaction During the Passage of Rayleigh Waves: AnAnalytical Solution,” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 23(2), 153-167.

Makris, N. and Badoni, D. (1995a). “ Nonlinear Seismic Response of Single Piles,” Proc.7th Conf. Soil Dyn. Earthquake Eng., Crete, 475-483.

Makris, N. and Badoni, D. (1995b). “Seismic Response of Pile Groups During the Passageof Oblique-Shear and Rayleigh Waves,” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 24(4), 517-532.

Makris, N., and Gazetas, G. (1992). “Dynamic Pile-Soil-Pile Interaction - Part II: Lateraland Seismic Response,” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 21(2), 145-162.

Page 20: Refs

439

Makris, N., Gazetas, G., and Delis, E. (1996). “Dynamic Soil-Pile Foundation-StructureInteraction: Records and Predictions,” Geotechnique, 46(1), 33-50.

Makris, N., Tazoh, T., Yun, X., and Fill, A. (1997). “Prediction of the MeasuredResponse of a Scaled Soil-Pile-Superstructure System,” Soil Dyn. Earthquake Eng., 16,113-124.

Mamoon, S. and Banerjee, P. (1990). “Response of Piles and Pile Groups to TravellingSH-Waves,” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 19(4), 597-610.

Mamoon, S., Kaynia, A., and Banerjee, P. (1990). “Frequency Domain Analysis of Pilesand Pile Groups,” J. Eng. Mechanics Div., ASCE, 116(10), 2237-2256.

Margasson, E. (1977). “Pile Bending During Earthquakes,” Design, Construction, andPerformance of Deep Foundations Seminar, ASCE, Berkeley, California.

Matlock, H. (1962). “Correlations for Design of Laterally Loaded Piles in Soft Clay,” Rpt.To Shell Oil Co., Engineering Science Consultants, September.

Matlock, H. (1970). “Correlations for Design of Laterally Loaded Piles in Soft Clay,”Proc. 2nd Offshore Technology Conf., OTC 1204, Houston, Vol. 1, 577-594.

Matlock, H. and Foo, S. (1980). “Axial Analysis of Piles Using a Hysteretic andDegrading Soil Model,” Proc. 1st Intl. Conf. on Numerical Methods in Offshore Piling,London, 127-133.

Matlock, H. and Reese, L. (1960). “Generalized Solutions for Laterally Loaded Piles,” J.Soil Mechanics and Foundation Div., ASCE, 86(5), 63-91.

Matlock, H. and Ripperger, E. (1957). “Theoretical Analysis and Laboratory Studies ofLaterally Loaded Model Pile Segments,” Rpt. To Shell Oil Co., Engineering ScienceConsultants, July.

Matlock, H., Bogard, D., and Cheang, L. (1982). “A Laboratory Study of Axially LoadedPiles and Pile Groups Including Pore Pressure Measurement,” Proc. 3rd Intl. Conf. onBehaviour of Offshore Structures, Cambridge, Vol. 1, 105-121.

Matlock, H., Bogard, D., and Lam, I. (1981). “BMCOL 76: A Computer Program for theAnalysis of Beam-Columns Under Static Axial and Lateral Loading,” Earth TechnologyCorp.

Matlock, H., Foo, S., Tsai, C., Lam, I. (1979). “SPASM 8 - A Dynamic Beam-ColumnProgram for Seismic Pile Analysis with Support Motion,” Fugro, Inc.

Page 21: Refs

440

Matlock, H., Ingram, W., Kelley, A., and Bogard, D. (1980). “Field Tests of the LateralLoad Behavior of Pile Groups in Soft Clay,” Proc. 12th Offshore Technology Conf., OTC3871, Houston, Vol. 4, 163-174.

Matsui, T. and Oda, K. (1996). “Foundation Damage of Structures,” Soils andFoundations Special Issue on Geotechnical Aspects of the January 17 1995 HyogokenNambu Earthquake, JSSMFE, 36(1), 189-200.

Matsui, T., Kitazawa, M., Nanjo, A., and Yasuda, F. (1997). “Investigation of DamagedFoundations in the Great Hanshin Earthquake Disaster,” Seismic Behaviour of Groundand Geotechnical Structures, 235-242.

Matsumoto, Y. And Tsuchiya, T. (1962). “Lateral Load Capacity of Vertical and BatteredConcrete Pile Groups,” Proc. Japan Natl. Symposium Earthquake Eng., Tokyo, 219-224.

Maung, U. (1985). “Earthquake Resistant Design of Piles for Slopes,” Individual Studiesby Participants at the Intl. Inst. of Seismology and Earthquake Eng., Vol. 21, 181-193.

Maxwell, A., Fry, Z., and Poplin, J. (1969). “Vibratory Loading of Pile Foundations,” inPerformance of Deep Foundations, ASTM Spec. Tech. Pub. 444, 338-361.

Mayne, P., Kulhawy., F., and Trautmann, C. (1992). “Experimental Study of UndrainedLateral and Moment Behavior of Drilled Shafts During Static and Cyclic Loading,” Rpt.TR-100221, Electric Power Research Inst., Palo Alto, January.

McClelland Engineers (1983). “NONSPS: Nonlinear Response Analysis of Soil-Pile-Structure Systems,” Engineering Dept., Computer Programs, User’s Guide 2-26,September.

McClelland, B. and Focht, J. (1958). “Soil Modulus for Laterally Loaded Piles,”Transactions of the ASCE, Vol. 123, Paper 2954, 1049-1086.

McCullouch, D. and Bonilla, M. (1967). “Railroad Damage in the Alaska Earthquake,” J.Soil Mechanics and Foundation Div., ASCE, 93(5), 89-100.

McLean, D. and Cannon, I. (1994). “Seismic Analysis of the Westbound Lanes of the I-90Bridges Crossing Mercer Slough,” WSDOT Rpt. WA-RD 299.1, Washington State Univ.,February.

McVay, M., Bloomquist, D., Vanderlinde, D., and Clausen, J. (1994). “CentrifugeModeling of Laterally Loaded Pile Groups in Sands,” Geotech. Testing J., ASTM, 17(2),129-137.

Page 22: Refs

441

Meimon, Y., Baguelin, F., and Jezequel, J. (1986). “Pile Group Behavior Under LongTime Lateral Monotonic and Cyclic Loading,” Proc. 3rd Intl Conf. on NumericalMethods in Offshore Piling, Nantes, 285-302.

Mendoza, M. and Romo, M. (1989). “Behavior of Building Foundations in Mexico CityDuring the 1985 Earthquake: Second Stage,” in Lessons Learned from the 1985 MexicoEarthquake, Pub. 89-02, Earthquake Eng. Research Inst., 66-70.

Menun, C. and Der Kiureghian, A. (1998). “A Replacement for the 30%, 40%, and SRSSRules for Multicomponent Seismic Analysis,” Earthquake Spectra, EERI, 14(1), 153-163.

Meyerhof, G. and Purkayastha, R. (1985). “Ultimate Pile Capacity in Layered Soil UnderEccentric and Inclined Loads,” Can. Geotech. J., 22(3), 399-402.

Meyerhof, G. and Sastry, V. (1985). “Bearing Capacity of Rigid Piles Under Eccentricand Inclined Loads,” Can. Geotech. J., 22(3), 267-276.

Meyerhof, G., Sastry, V., and Yalcin, A. (1988). “Lateral Resistance and Deflection ofFlexible Piles,” Can. Geotech. J., 25(3), 511-522.

Meyersohn, W. (1994). “Pile Response to Liquefaction-Induced Lateral Spread,” Ph.D.Dissertation, Cornell University, Ithaca.

Mindlin, D. (1936). “Force at a Point in the Interior of a Semi-Infinite Solid,” Physics, 7,195-202.

Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China (1989). “Seismic Design Codefor Buildings and Structures (GBJ 11-89),” in Regulations for Seismic Design – A WorldList, IAEE, June.

Mitwally, H. and Novak, M. (1987). “Response of Offshore Towers with PileInteraction,” J. Geotech. Eng., ASCE, 113(7), 1065-1084.

Miura, F., Stewart, H., and O’Rourke, T. (1991). “The Effect of Liquefaction-InducedLateral Spreading on Pile Foundations,” Soil Dyn. and Earthquake Eng., 10(5), 271-279.

Mizuhata, K. and Kusakabe, K. (1984). “Comparison of Experimental and AnalyticalResults of Vibration of a Full Scale Pile,” Proc. 8th World Conf. Earthquake Eng., SanFrancisco, Vol. 3, 633-640.

Mizuno, H. (1987). “Pile Damage During Earthquake in Japan (1923-1983),” in DynamicResponse of Pile Foundations - Experiment, Analysis, and Observation, Geotech. Spec.Pub. 11, ASCE, 53-78.

Mizuno, H. and Iiba, M. (1982). “Shaking Table Testing of Seismic Building-Pile-Soil

Page 23: Refs

442

Interaction,” Proc. 8th World Conf. Earthquake Eng., San Francisco, Vol. 3, 649-656.

Mizuno, H. and Iiba, M. (1992). “Dynamic Effects of Backfill and Piles on FoundationImpedance,” Proc. 10th World Conf. Earthquake Eng., Madrid, Vol. 3, 1823-1828.

Mizuno, H., Iiba, M., and Hirade, T. (1996). “Pile Damage During the 1995 Hyogoken-Nanbu Earthquake in Japan,” Proc. 11th World Conf. Earthquake Eng., Acapulco, PaperNo. 977.

Mizuno, H., Iiba, M., and Korg, S. (1988). “Scale Model Tests on Inertial Interaction andKinematic Interaction of Pile-Supported Buildings,” Proc. 9th World Conf. EarthquakeEng., Tokyo, Vol. 3, 569-574.

Moncarz, P. and Krawinkler, H. (1981). “Theory and Application of Experimental ModelAnalysis in Earthquake Engineering,” Rpt. No. 50, John Blume Earthquake Eng. Ctr.,Stanford Univ.

Moore, P. and Crossley, B. (1972). “Vibrations on a Model Pile in Soft Clay,” Soils andFoundations, 12(3), JSSMFE, 19-31.

Mori, S., Ikeda, T., Takimoto, Y., Muto, M., and Tohaya, T. (1992). “Influence of SoilLiquefaction on Dynamic Response of Structure on Pile Foundation,” Proc. 10th WorldConf. Earthquake Eng., Madrid, Vol. 3, 1777-1780.

Moss, R., Rawlings, M., Caliendo, J., and Anderson, L. (1998). “Cyclic Lateral Loadingof Model Pile Groups in Clay Soil,” Proc. 3rd Conf. Geotechnical EarthquakeEngineering and Soil Dynamics, ASCE, Seattle, 494-505.

Mylonakis, G., Nikolaou, A., and Gazetas, G. (1997). “Soil-Pile-Bridge SeismicInteraction: Kinematic and Inertial Effects. Part I: Soft Soil,” Earthquake Eng. Struct.Dyn., 26(3), 337-359.

Nagataki, Y., Aoshima, K., Hashizume, H., and Morita, K. (1996). “Experimental Studyon Ultimate Horizontal Strength of Buildings Supported by Piles,” Proc. 11th WorldConf. Earthquake Eng., Acapulco, Paper No. 594.

Niiro, T., Kuribayashi, E., and Komatsu, H. (1992). “Lateral Resistance of StandingPipes,” Proc. 10th World Conf. Earthquake Eng., Madrid, Vol. 3, 1955-1960.

Nishizawa, T., Tajiri, S., and Kawamura, S. (1984). “Excavation and Response Analysisof a Damaged RC Piles by Liquefaction,” Proc. 8th World Conf. Earthquake Eng., SanFrancisco, Vol. 3, 593-600.

Page 24: Refs

443

Nogami, T. (1979). “Dynamic Group Effect of Multiple Piles Under Vertical Vibration,”Proc. ASCE Eng. Mech. Specialty Conf., Austin, 750-754.

Nogami, T. (1980). “Dynamic Stiffness and Damping of Pile Groups in InhomogeneousSoils,” in Dynamic Response of Pile Foundations: Analytical Aspects, ASCE, 31-52.

Nogami, T. (1985). “Nonlinear Dynamic Winkler Model for Lateral Cyclic ResponseAnalysis of Single Piles,” Proc. 2nd Intl. Conf. Soil Dyn. Earthquake Eng., 4:51-61.

Nogami, T. (1991). “Soil-Pile Interaction Model for Earthquake Response Analysis ofOffshore Pile Foundations,” Proc. 2nd Intl. Conf. on Recent Advances in Geotech. Eng.and Soil Dyn., St. Louis, Vol. 3, 2133-2137.

Nogami, T. and Konagi, K. (1987). “Dynamic Response of Vertically Loaded NonlinearPile Foundations,” J. Geotech. Eng., ASCE, 113(2), 147-160.

Nogami, T. and Konagi, K. (1988). “Time Domain Flexural Response of DynamicallyLoaded Single Pile,” J. Eng. Mechanics, ASCE, 114(9), 1512-1525.

Nogami, T. and Novak, M. (1976). “Soil-Pile Interaction in Vertical Vibration,”Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 4(3), 277-294.

Nogami, T., Konagi, K., and Otani, J. (1988). “Nonlinear Pile Foundation Model for TimeDomain Dynamic Response Analysis,” Proc. 9th World Conf. Earthquake Eng., Tokyo,Vol. 3, 593-598.

Nogami, T., Otani, J., and Chen, H. (1992). “Nonlinear Soil-Pile Interaction Model forDynamic Lateral Motion,” J. Geotech. Eng., ASCE, 118(1), 89-106.

Nogami, T., Otani, J., and Konagi, K. (1991). “Nonlinear Time Domain Numerical -Modelfor Pile Group Under Transient Dynamic Forces,” Proc. 2nd Intl. Conf. on RecentAdvances in Geotech. Eng. and Soil Dyn., St. Louis, Vol. 3, 881-888.

Nogami, T., Otani, J., Konagai, K., and Chen, H. (1992). “Nonlinear Soil-Pile InteractionModel for Dynamic Lateral Motion,” J. Geotech. Eng., ASCE, 118(1), 89-106.

Nomura, S., Shamoto, Y., and Tokimatsu, K. (1991). “Soil-Pile-Structure InteractionDuring Liquefaction,” Proc. 2nd Intl. Conf. on Recent Advances in Geotech. Eng. andSoil Dyn., St. Louis, Vol. 1, 743-750.

Novak, M. (1974). “Dynamic Stiffness and Damping of Piles,” Can. Geotech. J., 11(4),574-598.

Novak, M. (1977). “Soil-Pile Interaction,” Proc. 6th World Conf. Earthquake Eng., NewDelhi, Vol. 4, 97-102.

Page 25: Refs

444

Novak, M. (1991). “Piles Under Dynamic Loads,” Proc. 2nd Intl. Conf. on RecentAdvances in Geotech. Eng. and Soil Dyn., St. Louis, Vol. 3, 2433-2456.

Novak, M. and Aboul-Ella, F. (1978). “Impedance Functions of Piles in Layered Media,”J. Geotech. Eng., ASCE, 104(6), 643-661.

Novak, M. and Grigg, R. (1976). “Dynamic Experiments with Small Pile Foundations,”Can. Geotech. J., 13(4), 372-385.

Novak, M. and Nogami, T. (1977). “Soil-Pile Interaction in Horizontal Vibration,”Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 5(3), 263-281.

Novak, M. and Sheta, M. (1980). “Approximate Approach to Contact Effects of Piles,” inDynamic Response of Pile Foundations: Analytical Aspects, ASCE, 53-79.

Nunez, I. and Randolph, M. (1984). “Tension Pile Behaviour in Clay – CentrifugeModelling Technique,” Proc. Symposium on the Application of Centrifuge Modelling toGeotech. Eng., Manchester, 87-102.

O’Neill, M. and Dunnavant, T. (1985). “An Evaluation of the Behavior and Analysis ofLaterally Loaded Pile Groups,” Rpt. UHCE 85-11, Dept. of Civil Eng., Univ. of Houston,December.

O’Neill, M. and Gazioglu, S. (1984). “An Evaluation of P-Y Relationships in Clays,” Rpt.UHCE-84-3, Dept. of Civil Eng., Univ. of Houston, April.

O’Neill, M. and Murchison, J. (1983). “An Evaluation of P-Y Relationships in Sands,”Rpt. GT-DF02-83, Dept. of Civil Eng., Univ. of Houston, May.

Ohira, A., Tazoh, T, Dewa, K., Shimizu, K., and Shimada, M. (1984). “Observations ofEarthquake Response Behaviors of Foundation Piles for Road Bridge,” Proc. 8th WorldConf. Earthquake Eng., San Francisco, Vol. 3, 577-584.

Ohta, T., Uchiyama, S., Niwa, M., and Ueno, K. (1980). “Earthquake ResponseCharacteristics of Structure with Pile Foundation on Soft Subsoil Layer and its SimulationAnalysis,” Proc. 7th World Conf. Earthquake Eng., Istanbul, Vol. 3, 403-410.

Ohtomo, K. (1996). “Effects of Liquefaction-Induced Lateral Flow on a Conduit withSupporting Piles,” Proc. 11th World Conf. Earthquake Eng., Acapulco, Paper No. 386.

Ohtomo, K. and Hamada, M. (1994). “Soil Force Acting on Pile in Laterally FlowingGround by Soil Liquefaction,” Proc. 5th U.S. Natl. Conf. Earthquake Eng., Chicago, Vol.4, 241-250.

Page 26: Refs

445

Ohtsuki, A., Fukutake, K., and Sato, M. (1998). “Analytical and Centrifuge Studies of PileGroups in Liquefiable Soil Before and After Site Remediation,” J. Earthquake Eng.Struct. Dyn., 27(1), 1-14.

Oldham, D. (1984). “Experiments with Lateral Loading of Single Piles in Sand,” Proc.Symposium on the Application of Centrifuge Modelling to Geotech. Eng., Manchester,121-141.

Ooi, P. and Duncan, J. (1994). “Lateral Load Analysis of Groups of Piles and DrilledShafts,” J. Geotech. Eng., ASCE, 120(6), 1034-1050.

Park, R. (1987). “Seismic Performance of Steel-Encased Concrete Piles,” Rpt. 87/5, Dept.of Civil Eng., University of Canterbury.

Park, R. and Pauly, T. “Strength and Ductility of Prestressed Concrete Piles and Pile-PileCap Connections,” Road Research Unit Bull. 84, Transit New Zealand, Wellington, 123-151.

Parker, F. and Reese, L. (1970). “Experimental and Analytical Study of Behavior of SinglePiles in Sands Under Lateral and Axial Loading,” Rpt. 117-2, Ctr. For Highway Research,Univ. of Texas, Austin, November.

Peck, R. and Ireland, H. (1961). “Full-Scale Lateral Load Test of a Retaining WallFoundation,” Proc. 5th Intl. Conf. Soil Mech. Fdn. Eng., Paris, Vol. 2, 453-458.

Pender, M. (1993). “Aseismic Pile Foundation Design Analysis,” Bull. New Zealand Natl.Soc. Earthquake Eng., 26(1), 49-160.

Pender, M. and Pranjoto, S. (1996). “Gapping Effects During Cyclic Lateral Loading ofPiles in Clay,” Proc. 11th World Conf. Earthquake Eng., Acapulco, Paper No. 1007.

Penzien, J., Scheffy, C., and Parmelee, R. (1964). “Seismic Analysis of Bridges on LongPiles,” J. Eng. Mechanics Div., 90(3), 223-254.

Petrovski, J. and Jurokovoski, D. (1975). “Static and Dynamic Test of Piles UnderHorizontal Load,” Proc. 5th European Conf. Earthquake Eng., Istanbul, Vol. 1.

Pinto, P., McVay, M., Hoit, M., and Lai, P. (1997). “Centrifuge Testing of Plumb andBattered Pile Groups in Sand,” Trans. Res. Record 1569, FHWA, 8-15.

PMB Systems Engineering (1979). “SPSS Phase 2, Final Report,” Rpt. To Shell Oil Co.,February.

Poulos, H. (1971a). “Behaviour of Laterally Loaded Piles: Part 1 - Single Piles,” J. SoilMechanics and Foundation Div., ASCE, 97(5), 711-731.

Page 27: Refs

446

Poulos, H. (1971b). “Behaviour of Laterally Loaded Piles: Part 2 - Group Piles,” J. SoilMechanics and Foundation Div., ASCE, 97(5), 733-751.

Poulos, H. (1980). “An Approach for the Analysis of Offshore Pile Groups,” Proc. 1stIntl. Conf. on Numerical Methods in Offshore Piling, London, 119-126.

Poulos, H. (1982). “Single Pile Response to Cyclic Lateral Load,” J. Geotech. Eng.,ASCE, 108(3), 355-375.

Poulos, H. (1989). “ 29th Rankine Lecture: Pile Behaviour - Theory and Application,”Geotechnique, 39(3), 365-415.

Poulos, H. and Davis, E. (1980). Pile Foundation Analysis and Design, John Wiley andSons.

Poulos, H. and Hull, T. (1989). “The Role of Analytical Geomechanics in FoundationEngineering,” in Foundation Eng.: Current Principles and Practices, ASCE, Vol. 2, 1578-1606.

Poulos, H. and Randolph, M. (1983). “Pile Group Analysis: A Study of Two Methods,” J.Geotech. Eng., ASCE, 109(3), 355-372.

Poulos, H., Chen, L., and Hull, T.(1996). “Model Tests on Single Piles Subjected toLateral Soil Movement,” Research Rpt. No. R723, School of Civil and Mining Eng., Univ.of Sydney, February.

Prakash, S. (1962). “Behavior of Pile Groups Subjected to Lateral Loads,” Ph.D.Dissertation, Univ. of Illinois.

Prakash, S. and Aggarwal, S. (1965). “Study of a Vertical Pile Under Dynamic LateralLoad,” Proc. 3rd World Conf. Earthquake Eng., Auckland, Vol. 1, 215-229.

Prakash, V., Powell, G. (1993). “DRAIN-3DX: Base Program Description and UserGuide, Version 1.10,” Rpt. UCB/SEMM-94/07, Dept. of Civil Eng., Univ. of California,Berkeley.

Prevost, J. and Abdel-Ghaffer, A. (1982). “Centrifugal Modeling of the DynamicResponse of Piles,” Proc. 2nd Intl. Conf. on Numerical Methods in Offshore Piling,Austin, 533-552.

Prevost, J., Romano, J., Abdel-Ghaffar, A., and Rowland, R. (1981). “Dynamic Responseof Laterally-Loaded Piles in Centrifuge,” Proc. 2nd Specialty Conf. on Dyn. Response ofStructures: Experimentation, Observation, Prediction, and Control, Atlanta, ASCE, 386-400.

Page 28: Refs

447

Priestly, N. and Park, R. (1984). “Strength and Ductility of Bridge Piles,” Road ResearchUnit Bull. 71, Natl. Roads Board, Wellington, 87-104.

Priestly, N., Singh, J., Youd, T., and Rollins, K. (1991). “Costa Rica Earthquake of April22, 1991 Reconnaissance Report,” Pub. 91-02, Earthquake Eng. Research Inst., 59-91.

Proctor, D. and Khaffaf, J. (1987). “Cyclic Axial Displacement Tests on Model Piles inClay,” Geotechnique, 37(4), 505-509.

Puri, V. and Prakash, S. (1992). “Observed and Predicted Response of Piles UnderDynamic Loads,” in Piles Under Dynamic Loads, Geotech. Spec. Pub. 34, ASCE, 153-169.

Randolph, M. (1981). “Response of Flexible Piles to Lateral Loading,” Geotechnique,31(2), 247-259.

Randolph, M. (1986). “PIGLET: A Computer Program for the Analysis and Design ofPile Groups,” Soil Rpt. TR 91, CUED/D, Cambridge University, January.

Randolph, M. and Houlsby, G. (1984). “The Limiting Pressure on a Circular Pile LoadedLaterally in Cohesive Soil,” Geotechnique, 34(4), 613-623.

Randolph, M. and Poulos, H. (1982). “Estimating the Flexibility of Offshore Pile Groups,”Proc. 2nd Intl. Conf. on Numerical Methods in Offshore Piling, Austin, 313-328.

Randolph, M. and Wroth, C. (1978). “Analysis of Deformation of Vertically LoadedPiles,” J. Geotech. Eng., ASCE, 104(12), 1465-1488.

Ranjan, G., Rao, B., and Ramasamy, G. (1977). “Model Study on Time-DependentDeflections of Laterally Loaded Piles in Saturated Clays,” Proc. 5th Southeast AsianConf. Soil Eng., Bangkok, 141-152.

Ranjan, G., Saran, S., and Sandhu, P. (1982). “Model Tests on Piles Under LiquefiedSoils,” Proc. 1st Intl. Conf. Soil Dyn. Earthquake Eng., Southampton,Vol. 2 , 485-496.

Rao, N., Ramakrishna, V., and Rao, M. (1998). “Influence of Rigidity on LaterallyLoaded Pile Groups in Marine Clay,” J. Geotech. And Geoenv. Eng., ASCE, 124(6), 542-549.

Rea, D., Abedi-Hayati, S., and Takahashi, Y. (1977). “Dynamic Analysis ofElectrohyraulic Shaking Tables,” Rpt. No. UCB/EERC-77/29, Earthquake Eng. ResearchCtr., Univ. of California.

Page 29: Refs

448

Reese, L. (1977). “Laterally Loaded Piles: Program Documentation,” J. Geotech. Eng.,ASCE, 103(4), 287-305.

Reese, L. (1979). “Design and Evaluation of Load Tests on Deep Foundations,” inBehavior of Deep Foundations, ASTM Spec. Tech. Pub. 670, 4-26.

Reese, L. and Wang, S. (1989). “Documentation of Computer Program SHAFT1 Version1.1: Drilled Shafts Under Axial Loading,” Ensoft, Inc.

Reese, L. and Wang, S. (1990). “Documentation of Computer Program APILE2 Version1.0: Axial Load-Settlement Analysis of Piles,” Ensoft, Inc.

Reese, L., Cox, W., and Koop, F. (1974). “Analysis of Laterally Loaded Piles in Sand,”Proc. 6th Offshore Technology Conf., OTC 2080, Houston, Vol. 2, 473-483.

Reese, L., Cox, W., and Koop, F. (1975). “Field Testing and Analysis of Laterally LoadedPiles in Stiff Clay,” Proc. 7th Offshore Technology Conf., OTC 2312, Houston, Vol. 2,671-690.

Reese, L., Wang, S., Awoshika, K., Lam, I. (1990). “Documentation of ComputerProgram GROUP Version 2.0: Analysis of a Group of Piles Subjected to Axial and LateralLoading,” Ensoft, Inc.

Reese, L., Wright, S., and Aurora, R. (1984). “Analysis of a Pile Group Under LateralLoading,” in Laterally Loaded Deep Foundations, Analysis and Performance, ASTMSpec. Tech. Pub. 835, 56-71.

Richart, F. and Chon, C. (1977). “Notes on Stiffness and Damping of Pile Systems,” Proc.10th Specialty Session, 9th Intl. Conf. Soil Mechanics Fdn. Eng., Tokyo, 125-132.

Riemer, M. and Meymand, P. (1996). “1-g Modeling of Seismic Soil-Pile-SuperstructureInteraction in Soft Clay,” Proc. 4th Caltrans Seismic Research Workshop, Sacramento,July.

Riemer, M., Gookin, W., Bray, J., and Wartman, J. (1998). “Using Reflected Waves toMeasure Small Strain Dynamic Properties,” Proc. 5th Caltrans Seismic ResearchWorkshop, Sacramento, June.

Rinawi, A. and Clough, R. (1991). “Shaking Table-Structure Interaction,” Rpt. No.UCB/EERC-91/13, Earthquake Eng. Research Ctr., Univ. of California.Rocha, M. (1957). “The Possibility of Solving Soil Mechanics Problems by Use ofModels,” Proc. 4th Intl. Conf. Soil Mech. Fdn. Eng., London, Vol. 1, 183-188.

Roesset, J. (1984). “Dynamic Stiffness of Pile Groups,” in Analysis and Design of PileFoundations, ASCE, 263-286.

Page 30: Refs

449

Rollins, K., Peterson, K., and Weaver, T. (1998). “Lateral Load Behavior of Full-ScalePile Group in Clay,” J. Geotech. And Geoenv. Eng., ASCE, 124(6), 468-478.

Roscoe, K. (1968). “Soils and Model Tests,” J. of Strain Analysis, 3(1), 57-64.

Ross, G., Seed, H., and Migliacio, R. (1973). “Performance of Highway BridgeFoundations,” in The Great Alaska Earthquake of 1964 - Engineering, Comm. on theAlaskan Earthquake of the Division of Earth Sciences, Natl. Research Council, Natl.Academy of Sciences, Wash., D.C.

Ruesta, P. and Townsend, F. (1997). “Evaluation of Laterally Loaded Pile Group atRoosevelt Bridge,” J. Geotech. And Geoenv. Eng., ASCE, 123(12), 1153-1161.

Sabnis, G., Harris, H., White, R., and Mirza, M. (1983). Structural Modeling andExperimental Techniques, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs.

Safak, E. (1991). “Identification of Linear Structures Using Discrete-Time Filters,” J.Structural Engineering, ASCE, 117(10), 3064-3085.

Sakajo, S., Chai, J., Nakajima, K., and Maeda, M. (1995). “Effect of Group Pile onLiquefaction Resistance of Sandy Ground,” Proc. 1st Intl. Conf. Earthquake Geotech.Eng., Tokyo, Vol. 2, 755-760.

Sanchez-Salinero, I., and Roesset, J. (1982). “Static and Dynamic Stiffness of SinglePiles,” Rpt. GR82-31, Civil Eng. Dept., Univ. of Texas, Austin.

Sanchez-Salinero, I., Roesset, J., and Tassoulas, J. (1983). “Dynamic Stiffness of PileGroups,” Rpt. GR83-5, Civil Eng. Dept., Univ. of Texas, Austin.

Sasaki, Y., Koseki, J., Shioji, K., Konishi, M., Kondo, Y., and Terada, T. (1997).“Damage to Higashinada Sewage Treatment Plant by the 1995 Hyogoken-NanbuEarthquake,” Seismic Behaviour of Ground and Geotechnical Structures, 297-306.

Sasaki, Y., Tokida, K., Matsumoto, H., and Saya, S. (1991). “Shake Table Tests onLateral Ground Flow Induced by Soil Liquefaction,” Proc. 3rd Japan-U.S. Workshop onEarthquake Resistant Design of Lifeline Facilities and Countermeasures for SoilLiquefaction, Rpt. No. NCEER-91-001, NCEER, 371-385.

Schmidt, H. (1981). “Group Action of Laterally Loaded Bored Piles,” Proc. 10th Intl.Conf. Soil Mech. Fdn. Eng., Stockholm, Vol. 2, 833-837.

Schmidt, H. (1985). “Horizontal Load Tests on Files of Large Diameter Bored Piles,”Proc. 11th Intl. Conf. Soil Mech. Fdn. Eng., San Francisco, Vol. 2, 833-837.

Page 31: Refs

450

Scott, R. (1980). “Analysis of Centrifuge Pile Tests: Simulation of Pile Driving,”Research Rpt., API OSPAR Project 13, California Inst. of Technology, Pasadena, June.

Scott, R. (1981). Foundation Analysis, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs.

Scott, R. (1989). “Centrifuge and Modeling Technology: A Survey,” Rev. Franc.Geotech., No. 48., 15-34.

Scott, R., Liu, H., and Ting, J. (1977). “Dynamic Pile Tests by Centrifuge Modeling,”Proc. 6th World Conf. Earthquake Eng., New Delhi, Vol. 2, 1670-1674.

Scott, R., Tsai, C., Steussy, D., and Ting, J. (1982). “Full-Scale Dynamic Lateral PileTests,” Proc. 12th Offshore Technology Conf., OTC 4203, Houston, Vol. 1, 435-450.

Seed, H. and Clough, R. (1963). “Earthquake Resistance of Sloping Core Dams,” J. SoilMechanics and Foundation Div., ASCE, 89(1), 209-242.

Seed, H. and Idriss, I. (1966). “An Analysis of Soil Liquefaction in the NiigataEarthquake,” Rpt. of the Soil Mechanics and Bituminous Materials Research Laboratory,Dept. of Civil Eng., Univ. of California, April.

Seed, R., Dickenson, S., Riemer, M., Bray, J., Sitar, N., Mitchell, J., Idriss, I., Kayen, R.,Kropp, A., Harder, L. Jr., and Power, M. (1990). “Preliminary Report on the PrincipalGeotechnical Aspects of the October 17, 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake,” Rpt. No.UCB/EERC-90/05, Earthquake Eng. Research Ctr., Univ. of California.

Selby, A. and Poulos, H. (1985). “Lateral Load Tests on Model Pile Groups,” Trans. ofthe Inst. of Civil Engineers, Australia, 27(3), 281-285.

Shen, C., Bang, S., Desalvatore, M., and Poran, C. (1988). “Laterally Loaded Cast-in-Drilled-Hole Piles,” Trans. Res. Record 1191, FHWA, 155-165.

Sheppard, D. (1983). “Seismic Design of Prestressed Concrete Piling,” PCI Journal,28(2), 20-49.

Sheta, M. and Novak, M. (1982). “Vertical Vibration of Pile Groups,” J. Geotech. Eng.,ASCE, 108(4), 570-590.

Shibata, T., Yashima, A., and Kimura, M. (1989). “Model Tests and Analyses of LaterallyLoaded Pile Groups,” Soils and Foundations, JSSMFE, 29(1), 31-44.

Shinohara, T., Tateishi, T., and Kubo, K. (1960). “Bearing Capacity of Sandy Soil forEccentric and Inclined Loads and Lateral Resistance of Single Piles Embedded in SandySoil,” Proc. 2nd World Conf. Earthquake Eng., Tokyo, Vol. 1, 265-280.

Page 32: Refs

451

Singh, A. and Prakash, S. (1971). “Model Pile Group Subjected to Cyclic Lateral Load,”Soils and Foundations, JSSMFE, 11(2), 51-60.

Smith, T. and Slyh, R. (1986). “Side Friction Mobilization Rates for Laterally LoadedPiles from the Pressuremeter,” in The Pressuremeter and Its Marine Applications: SecondIntl. Symposium, ASTM Spec. Tech. Pub. 950, 478-491.

Sreerama, K. (1993). “Dynamic Pile-Soil-Pile Interaction Using Model Tests UnderSimulated Earthquakes,” Ph.D. Dissertation, Univ. of Missouri-Rolla.

Stanton, J., Banerjee, S., and Hasayen, I. (1988). “Shaking Table Tests on Piles,” WSDOTRpt. WA-RD 158.1, Washington State Univ., June.

Steedman, R. and Maheetharan, A. (1989). “Modeling the Dynamic Response of Piles inDry Sand,” Proc. 12th Intl. Conf. Soil Mechanics Fdn. Eng., Rio de Janiero, Vol. 2, 983-986.

Stevens, J. and Audibert, J. (1979). “Re-examination of P-Y Curve Formulations,” Proc.11th Offshore Technology Conf., OTC 3402, Houston, Vol. 1, 397-403.

Stevens, J., Holloway, M., Moriwaki, A., and Demsky, E. (1979). “Pile Group Responseto Axial and Lateral Loading,” Proc. Symposium on Deep Foundations, ASCE, Atlanta,396-419.

Stewart, D. and Randolph, M. (1991). “A New Site Investigation Tool for theCentrifuge,” Proc. Intl. Conf. Centrifuge ’91, Boulder, 531-538.

Stewart, D., Jewell, R., and Randolph, M. (1994). “Centrifuge Modelling of Piled BridgeAbutments on Soft Ground,” Soils and Foundations, JSSMFE, 34(1), 41-51.

Stewart, J. (1996). “An Empirical Evaluation of Soil-Structure Interaction Effects on theSeismic Response of Structures,” Ph.D. Dissertation, Univ. of California, Berkeley.

Stewart, J., and Stewart, A. (1997). “Analysis of Soil-Structure Interaction Effects onBuilding Response from Earthquake Strong Motion Recordings at 58 Sites,” Rpt. No.UCB/EERC-97/01, Earthquake Eng. Research Ctr., Univ. of California.

Structural Engineers Association of California (1991). “Reflections on the October 17,1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake,” Ad Hoc Earthquake Reconnaissance Committee,Sacramento.

Structural Engineers Association of California (1996). “Recommended Lateral ForceRequirements and Commentary, 6th Edition,” Sacramento.

Page 33: Refs

452

Sugimura, Y. (1980). “Participation Factor of Horizontal Force Applied to PileFoundation,” Proc. 7th World Conf. Earthquake Eng., Istanbul, Vol. 3, 443-450.

Sugimura, Y. (1981). “Earthquake Damage and Design Method of Piles,” Proc. 10th Intl.Conf. Soil Mech. Fdn. Eng., Stockholm, Vol. 2, 865-868.

Sultan and Seed (1967). “Stability of Sloping Core Earth Dams,” J. Soil Mechanics andFoundation Div., ASCE, 93(4), 45-67.

Sun, J., Golesorkhi, R., and Seed, H. (1988). “Dynamic Moduli and Damping Ratios forCohesive Soils,” Rpt. No. UCB/EERC-88/15, Earthquake Eng. Research Ctr., Univ. ofCalifornia.

Swane, I. and Poulos, H. (1984). “Shakedown Analysis of Laterally Loaded Pile Tested inStiff Clay,” Proc. 4th Australia-New Zealand Conf. on Geomechanics, Perth, Vol. 1, 165-169.

Sy, A. and Siu, D. (1992). “Forced Vibration Testing of an Expanded Base ConcretePile,” in Piles Under Dynamic Loads, Geotech. Spec. Pub. 34, ASCE, 170-186.

Sykora, D., Hunter M., Arzamendi, M., Parker, D., Moriwaki, I., and Lee, S. (1995).“Foundation Idealization for Pile Soil-Structure Interaction Analysis at San Diego-Coronado Bay Bridge,” Proc. Natl. Seismic Conference on Bridges and Highways,FHWA.

Taga, N., Imaoka, K., and Matsuzawa, H. (1992). “Lateral Bearing Capacity ofEmbedded Foundation Under Sinusoidal Excitation,” Proc. 10th World Conf. EarthquakeEng., Madrid, Vol. 3, 1755-1760.

Tajime, T., Terada, S., and Mochizuki, T. (1965). “Vibrational Property and EarthquakeResponse of Tall Building Supported with Caisson or Pile,” Proc. 3rd World Conf.Earthquake Eng., Auckland, Vol. 1, 173-179.

Tajimi, H. (1969). “Dynamic Analysis of a Structure Embedded in an Elastic Stratum,”Proc. 4th World Conf. Earthquake Eng., Santiago, Vol. 3, 53-69.

Tamori, S. and Kitagawa, Y. (1988). “Shaking Table Tests of Elasto-Plastic Soil-Pile-Building Interaction System,” Proc. 9th World Conf. Earthquake Eng., Tokyo, Vol. 8,843-848.

Tamura, K., Fujiwara, T., and Morishige, R. (1973). “Damage of Rigid Frame Bridges inthe Off Tokachi Earthquake 1968,” Proc. Japan Earthquake Eng. Symposium 1973,Tokyo, 147-154.

Page 34: Refs

453

Tanaka, S., Sawano, Y., Okumura, F., Nishimura, A., and Watanabe, T. (1994). “Elasto-Plastic Analysis of Laterally Loaded Piles,” Proc. of the 5th U.S.-Japan Workshop onEarthquake Resistant Design of Lifeline Facilities and Countermeasures Against SoilLiquefaction, Rpt. No. NCEER-94-0026, NCEER, Vol. 2, 829-841.

Tao, X., Kagawa, T., Minowa, C., and Abe, A. (1998). “Verification of Dynamic Soil-PileInteraction,” Proc. 3rd Conf. Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics,ASCE, Seattle, 1199-1210.

Tatsuoka, F., Tokida, K., Yoshida, S., and Maruyama, I. (1978). “Shake Table Tests onDynamic Behaviors of Pile Foundation Model in Liquefying Sand Layers,” Proc. 5thJapan Earthquake Eng. Symposium, Tokyo, 665-672.

Tavenas, F., Roy, M., and La Rochelle, P. (1973). “An Artificial Material for SimulatingChamplain Clays,” Can. Geotech. J., 10(3), 489-503.

Tazoh, T. and Shimizu, K. (1992). “Nonlinear Seismic Behavior of Pile FoundationStructure Systems,” Proc. 10th World Conf. Earthquake Eng., Madrid, Vol. 3, 1807-1810.

Tazoh, T., Shimizu, K., and Wakahara, T. (1987). “Seismic Observations and Analysis ofGrouped Piles,” in Dynamic Response of Pile Foundations - Experiment, Analysis, andObservation, Geotech. Spec. Pub. 11, ASCE, 1-20.

Terashi, M., Kitazume, M., and Kawabata, K. (1989). “Centrifuge Modeling of a LaterallyLoaded Pile,” Proc. 12th Intl. Conf. Soil Mechanics Fdn. Eng., Rio de Janiero, Vol. 2,991-994.

Terashi, M., Kitazume, M., Maruyama, A., and Yamamoto, Y. (1991). “LateralResistance of a Long Pile in or Near a Slope,” Proc. Intl. Conf. Centrifuge ’91, Boulder,245-252.

Terzaghi, K. (1955). “Evaluation of Coefficients of Subgrade Reaction,” Geotechnique,5(4), 297-326.

Timoshenko, S. and Woinowsky-Krieger, S. (1959). Theory of Plates and Shells,McGraw-Hill, New York.

Ting, J. (1987). “Full Scale Cyclic Dynamic Lateral Pile Response,” J. Geotech. Eng.,ASCE, 113(1), 30-45.

Ting, J. and Scott, R. (1984). “Static and Dynamic Lateral Group Action,” Proc. 8thWorld Conf. Earthquake Eng., San Francisco, Vol. 3, 641-648.

Page 35: Refs

454

Tippets-Abbot-McCarthy-Stratton, Consulting Engineers and Architects (1965).“Evaluation of Physical Damage to Anchorage Port and Terminal Facilities Resulting formthe March 27, 1964 Earthquake,” Unpublished Report to the City of Anchorage, July.

Tokida, K., Matsumoto, H., and Iwasaki, H. (1992). “Experimental Study on Drag Actingon Piles in Ground Flowing by Soil Liquefaction,” Proc. 4th Japan-U.S. Workshop onEarthquake Resistant Design of Lifeline Facilities and Countermeasures for SoilLiquefaction, Rpt. No. NCEER-92-0019, NCEER, Vol. 1, 147-161.

Tokimatsu, K., Asaka, Y., Nakazawa, A., Nanba, S., Oh-Ohka, H., and Shamato, Y.(1997). “Effects of Liquefaction-Induced Ground Displacment on Pile Damage in 1995Hyogoken-Nanbu Earthquake,” Seismic Behaviour of Ground and GeotechnicalStructures, 361-369.

Tokimatsu, K., Mizuno, H., and Kakurai, M. (1996). “Building Damage Associated withGeotechnical Problems,” Soils and Foundations Special Issue on Geotechnical Aspects ofthe January 17 1995 Hyogoken Nambu Earthquake, JSSMFE, 36(1), 219-234.

Tokimatsu, K., Oh-oka, H., Satake, K., Shamoto, Y., and Asaka, Y. (1998). “Effects ofLateral Ground Movements on Failure Patterns of Piles in the 1995 Hyogoken-NambuEarthquake,” Proc. 3rd Conf. Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics,ASCE, Seattle, 1175-1186.

Trochianis, A., Bielak, J., and Christiano, P. (1988). “A Three-Dimensional NonlinearStudy of Piles Leading to the Development of a Simplified Model,” Rpt. R-88-176, Dept.of Civil Eng., Carnegie Inst. of Technology, December.

Tschebotarioff, G. (1953). “The Resistance to Lateral Loading of Single Piles and of PileGroups,” Proc. Symposium on Lateral Load Tests on Piles, ASTM Spec. Tech. Pub. 154,38-51.

Tseng, W., Yang, M., and Penzien, J. (1992). “Seismic Performance Investigation of theHayward BART Elevated Section,” Data Utilization Rpt. CSMIP/92-02, Rpt. to Offc. ofStrong Motion Studies, Div. of Mines and Geology, California Dept. of Conservation,September.

Tsujino, K., Asai, K., Yanabu, K, and Goto, Y. (1987). “Earthquake Response of On-Ground LNG Storage Tank Founding on Pile Group,” Proc. Pacific Conf. EarthquakeEng., New Zealand, Vol. 3, 163-171.

Tuzuki, M., Inada, O., Yamagishi, M., Yahata, K., Naito, Y., and Kitamura, E. (1992).“Field Testing and Analysis of Dynamic Loaded Pile Group,” Proc. 10th World Conf.Earthquake Eng., Madrid, Vol. 3, 1787-1790.

U.C. Berkeley (1995), “Geotechnical Reconnaissance of the Effects of the January 17,

Page 36: Refs

455

1995 Hyogoken-Nanbu Earthquake, Japan,” Rpt. No. UCB/EERC-95/01, EarthquakeEng. Research Ctr., Univ. of California.

Unjoh, S. and Terayama, T. (1998). “Design Specifications of Highway Bridges, Part V.,Seismic Design,” Earthquake Engineering Division, Earthquake Disaster PreventionResearch Center, Public Works Research Institute.

Urao, K., Masuda, K., Kitamura, E., and Fukouka, A. (1992). “Dynamic Behaviors of aComposite Foundation,” Proc. 10th World Conf. Earthquake Eng., Madrid, Vol. 3, 1801-1806

Veletsos, A. (1984). “Seismic Response and Design of Liquid Storage Tanks,” Guidelinesfor the Seismic Design of Oil and Gas Pipeline Systems, ASCE Technical Council onLifeline Earthquake Engineering, pp. 255 - 370.

Viggiani, G., and Atkinson, J. (1995). “Interpretation of Bender Element Tests,”Geotechnique, 45(1), 149-154.

Vucetic, M., and Dobry, R. (1991). “Effect of Soil Plasticity on Cyclic Response,” J.Geotech. Eng., ASCE, 117(1), 89-107.

Waas, G. and Hartmann, H. (1984). “Seismic Analysis of Pile Foundations Including Pile-Soil-Pile Interaction,” Proc. 8th World Conf. Earthquake Eng., San Francisco, Vol. 5, 55-62.

Wagner, A. (1954). “Lateral Load Tests on Piles for Design Information,” Proc.Symposium on Lateral Load Tests on Piles, ASTM Spec. Tech. Pub. 154, 59-74.

Wakamatsu, K. (1989). “An Experimental Study of Vibrational Characteristics of WallFoundation Pile,” Proc. 8th World Conf. Earthquake Eng., San Francisco, Vol. 3, 617-624.

Wang, S. and Reese. L. (1993). “COM624P, Laterally Loaded Pile Analysis for theMicrocomputer, Version 2.0,” Rpt. No. FHWA-SA-91-048, FHWA Office of TechnologyApplications.

Wang, S., Kutter, B., Chacko, J., Wilson, D., Boulanger, R., and Abghari, A. (1998).“Nonlinear Seismic Soil-Pile-Structure Interaction,” Earthquake Spectra, 14(2), 377-396.

Wartman, J. (1996). “A Laboratory Study of the Effects of Fly Ash on the GeotechnicalProperties of Soft Clay,” M.E. Thesis, Univ. of California, Berkeley.

Page 37: Refs

456

Weaver, T., Rollins, K., and Peterson, K. (1998). “Lateral Statnamic Load Testing andAnalysis of a Pile Group,” Proc. 3rd Conf. Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and SoilDynamics, ASCE, Seattle, 1319-1330.

Wen, R. (1955). “Model Studies of Laterally Loaded Pile Foundations,” Proc. 34thAnnual Meeting, Highway Research Board, 140-152.

Werner, S., Beck, J., and Levine, M. (1987). “Seismic Response Evaluation of MelolandRoad Overpass Using 1979 Imperial Valley Earthquake Records,” J. Earthquake Eng.Struct. Dyn., 15(2), 249-274.

Williams, D. and Parry, R. (1985). “Experimentally Determined Distribution of StressAround a Horizontally Loaded Model Pile in Dense Sand,” Trans. of the Inst. of CivilEngineers, Australia, 27(3), 263-268.

Wilson, D., Boulanger, R., Kutter, B., and Abghari, A. (1995). “Dynamic Centrifuge Testsof Pile Supported Structures in Liquefiable Sand,” Univ. of California, Davis.

Winkler, E. (1876). “Die Lehre von der Elastizitat und Festigkeit,” Verlag, 182.

Wolf, J. (1980). “Dynamic Stiffness of Group of Battered Piles,” J. Geotech. Eng., ASCE,106(2), 198-203.

Wolf, J. and von Arx, G. (1978). “Impedance Functions of a Group of Vertical Piles,”Proc. ASCE Conf. Earthquake Eng. Soil Dyn., Pasadena, Vol. 2, 1024-1041.

Wolf, J., Meek, J., and Sung, C. (1992). “Cone Models for a Pile Foundation,” in PilesUnder Dynamic Loads, Geotech. Spec. Pub. 34, ASCE, 94-113.

Wong, P., Kulhawy, F., and Ingraffea, A. (1989). “Numerical Modeling of InterfaceBehavior for Drilled Shaft Foundations Under Generalized Loading,” in Foundation Eng.:Current Principles and Practices, ASCE, Vol. 1, 565-579.

Wood, H. (1908). “Distribution of Apparent Intensity in San Francisco,” in The CaliforniaEarthquake of April 18, 1906, Rpt. of the State Earthquake Investigation Comm.,Carnegie Inst. of Washington, Washington, D.C., 220-245.

Wu, G. and Finn, W. (1997). “Dynamic Elastic Analysis of Pile Foundations Using FiniteElement Method in the Frequency Domain,” Can. Geotech. J., 34(1), 34-43.

Wu, G. and Finn, W. (1997). “Dynamic Nonlinear Analysis of Pile Foundations UsingFinite Element Method in the Time Domain,” Can. Geotech. J., 34(1), 44-52.

Page 38: Refs

457

Yamamoto, T., Uehara, S., and Mikami, H. (1992). “Earthquake Response Control forPile Foundations Using Viscous Damping Device (Part-2),” Proc. 4th Japan-U.S.Workshop on Earthquake Resistant Design of Lifeline Facilities and Countermeasuresfor Soil Liquefaction, Rpt. No. NCEER-92-0019, NCEER, Vol. 2, 569-579.

Yamashita, I. and Inatomi, T. (1970). “Virtual Mass of Laterally Loaded Piles,” Proc. 3rdJapan Earthquake Eng. Symposium, Tokyo, 525-532.

Yan, L., Byrne, P., and Dou, H. (1991). “Model Studies of Dynamic Pile Response UsingHydraulic Gradient Shaking Table Tests,” Proc. 6th Canadian Conf. Earthquake Eng.,Toronto, 335-342.

Yao, S. (1980). “Dynamic and Static Test of Model Piles or Pile Groups,” Proc. 7thWorld Conf. Earthquake Eng., Istanbul, Vol. 3, 459-466.

Yashinsky, M. (1998). “The Loma Prieta, California, Earthquake of October 17, 1989 –Highway Systems,” Professional Paper 1552-B, USGS, Washington.

Yegian, M. and Wright, S. (1973). “Lateral Soil resistance - Displacement Relationshipsfor Pile Foundations in Soft Clays,” Proc. 5th Offshore Technology Conf., OTC 1893,Houston, Vol. 2, 663-676.

Yoshida, N. and Hamada, M. (1990). “Damage to Foundation Piles and DeformationPattern of Ground due to Liquefaction-Induced Permanent Ground Deformations,” Proc.3rd Japan-U.S. Workshop on Earthquake Resistant Design of Lifeline Facilities andCountermeasures for Soil Liquefaction, Rpt. No. NCEER-91-001, NCEER, 147-161.

Yoshikawa, M. and Arano, M. (1988). “Dynamic Behavior of a Model Pile Foundation-Ground Systems in the Liquefaction Process,” Proc. 9th World Conf. Earthquake Eng.,Tokyo, Vol. 8, 599-604.

Zelikson, A., Leguay, P., and Pascal, C. (1982). “Centrifugal Model Analysis of Pile andRaft Foundations Subject to Earthquakes,” Proc. 1st Intl. Conf. Soil Dyn. EarthquakeEng., Southampton,Vol. 1, 283-298.