Refrigeration System Archtiectures and Compressor Solutions in Light of F-Gas Regulation
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Transcript of Refrigeration System Archtiectures and Compressor Solutions in Light of F-Gas Regulation
Refrigeration System Architectures and Compressor Solutions in Light of F-Gas Regulation
Venugopal Kandi
Product Manager Refrigeration Marketing
Emerson Climate Technologies
52076, Aachen
Germany
Emerson Climate Technologies, File Name, xx/yy/zz, Page 3
Overview
F-Gas 517/2014 Overview
Commerical Refrigeration – Simplistic View Of Market Today
F-Gas Impact On Commercial Refrigeration
System Architectures & Compressor Technologies
Summary – Practical Refrigeration Systems & Refrigerant Options
Emerson Climate Technologies, File Name, xx/yy/zz, Page 4
F-Gas 517/2014 – Summary & Timeline
2015 2016-17 2018-20 2021-23 2024-26 2027-29 2030
21% 100% 63% 45% 31% 24% 93%
Domestic
fridge (GWP
150)
2025:
split AC
(GWP 750)
2020:
• Moveable AC (GWP
150)
• Hermetically Sealed
Comm. Refrig (GWP
2500)
• Stat Refrigr (GWP
2500)
2022:
• Hermetically Sealed
Comm Refrig (GWP
150)
• Multipack refr
(GWP 150) – except
primary cascades
(GWP 1500)
01/01/2015:
Applicabilit
y + repeal
842/2006
31/12/2022:
Comprehensive
report on effect
of Regulation
01/07/2020:
Report Annex
III: split AC
31/12/2020:
HFC report
01/01/2017:
• Report national
codes/standards
re. alternatives &
training
01/07/2017:
• Report Annex III:
multipack
• Report PD method
Ph
as
e-d
ow
n
Ba
ns
O
the
r
Re
vie
w/r
ep
ort
s
2017:
Traceability
2020:
Service ban >2500
2030:
No recycled/reclaimed
for servicing >2500
2015:
Reporting
Emerson Climate Technologies, File Name, xx/yy/zz, Page 5
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MTo
ns
of
CO
2 E
qu
ival
en
t
100%93%
63%
45%31%
24% 21%
F-Gas 517/2014 Phase Down/Quota
Based on 2009-2012 average consumption
– Exact value to be confirmed end of this year
– Allocated to refrigerant producers & importers & NER (New Entry)
2017: pre-charged equipment imported under quota
Expected average GWP in 2030: ~350 (Emerson)
Emerson Climate Technologies, File Name, xx/yy/zz, Page 6
Se
gm
en
t
Food Service, Convenience Discounter, Small Retail Large Retail
Te
ch
no
log
y
DX Centralized MT/LT
R404A, R134a
Integral LT
R404A, R290
DX Centralized MT/LT
R404A, R134a
Self-Contained Cases
R404A, R134a
DX Centralized MT/LT
R404A, R134a, R744
DX Decentralized MT/LT
R404A, R134a, R744
Eq
uip
me
nt
Condensing Units
Integral Equipment
Condensing units
Self-Contained Cases
Small Packs
Large central packs
Distributed packs
Siz
e
Small Medium Large
Commercial Refrigeration – A Simplistic View Of The Market Today
Emerson Climate Technologies, File Name, xx/yy/zz, Page 7
Different Refrigerant Options – Need To Choose A Future Proof Refrigerant
• No Refrigerant Will Satisfy All Metrics Of An Ideal Refrigerant
• HFC < 2500 Are Available Today & Will Play An Important Role In The Transition Phase
• Natural Refrigerants And Low GWP Refrigerants <150 GWP Provide Future-Proof Solution
ASHRAE No. Common
Name GWP
Safety Class
Replacing Ready-to-
use
R404A R404A 3922 A1 - today
R407A/F R407A/F 2107/1825 A1 - today
R134a R134a 1430 A1 - today
R448A N40 1000…150
0 A1 R404A 2015
R449A XP40 1000…150
0 A1 R404A 2015
R450A N13 400…700 A1 R134a 2015
R513A XP10 400…700 A1 R134a 2015
R744 CO2 1 A1 - today
DR7 DR7 150…300 A2
(A2L) R404A > 2016
R1234yf 1234yf 6 A2
(A2L) R134a > 2016
R1234ze 1234ze 4 A2
(A2L) R134a 2015/16
R717 Ammonia 0 B2 - today
R290 Propane 3 A3 - today
Emerson Climate Technologies, File Name, xx/yy/zz, Page 8
F-Gas Regulation Impact - New Equipment Commercial Refrigeration
Refrigerators and freezers for commercial use
(Hermetically sealed systems)
Stationary refrigeration equipment
Exception: Equipment for product temperatures below -50°C
Mulitpack centralized refrigeration systems for commercial
use with a cooling capacity ≥ 40kW Exception: Primary refrigerant circuit of cascade systems, where fluroinated
green house gases with a GWP of less than 1500 may be used
1
2
3
Jan 2020: 2500
Jan 2022: 150
Jan 2020: 2500
Jan 2022: 150
Emerson Climate Technologies, File Name, xx/yy/zz, Page 9
Refrigerators and Freezers for Commercial Use
System Architecture Compressor Technologies Applications
Refrigerant Options
Transitional
(< 2500)
Future-Proof
(< 150)
Small Hermetic Piston Food Service & Convenience
HFC<2500 • R407A/F
• R448A
• R449A
• R450A
• R134a
R290
HFO (<150)
Scroll Technology Food Service & Convenience
Discounter & Small Retail
HFC<2500
• R407A/F
• R448A
• R449A
• R450A
• R134a
R290
HFO (<150)
1
Self-Contained Cases
MT
Integrals LT
System Architectures: Integrals & Self-Contained Cases
• Compact
• Light weight
• Transitional / Future Proof
Scroll HFC Scroll R290
Emerson Climate Technologies, File Name, xx/yy/zz, Page 10
Self-Contained Display Cases For Small Retail Applications
Move From Centralized Pack To Self-Contained Display Cases (Vertical & Horizontal)
Ideal For Discounter And Small Retailer Applications
Several Hundred Stores Are In Operation With Self-Contained Display Cases With Scroll
Remote Display Cabinets Self-Contained Cabinets
Feature Centralized Remote System Self-Contained Display Case
Flexibility Low High – Plug And Chill
Service Complexity High Low
Refrigerant Charge High Charge Low Charge
Speed / Lead Time Long Fast
Onsite Installation Complex, Long Pipe Length Simple, Factory Bulit
1
Emerson Climate Technologies, File Name, xx/yy/zz, Page 11
Stationary Refrigeration Equipment Systems
System Architecture Compressor Technologies Applications
Refrigerant Options
Transitional
(< 2500)
Future-Proof
(< 150)
Food Service &
Convenience
Discounter & Retail HFC<2500
• R407A/F
• R448A
• R449A
• R450A
• R134a
R744
HFO (<150)
R290
Discounter & Small Retail
HFC<2500
• R407A/F
• R448A
• R449A
• R450A
• R134a
R744
HFO (<150)
Small Compressor Pack
System Architectures : Condensing Units & Small Compressor Packs
Condensing Unit
• Semi Hermetic w/ CoreSense
• Simple & Precise Stream Digital
• Scrolls - Low Sound
• ATEX Certified R290 Compressor
• Transitional / Future Proof
Semi Hermetic & Scroll
Semi Hermetic & Scroll
Scroll HFC Semi HFC/CO2
• Multi refrigerant Semi HFC
• Semi CO2 for high stand still
• Digital modulation on Semi/Scroll
• Scroll w/ CoreSense Diagnostics
• Transitional / Future Proof
Semi HFC/CO2 Scroll HFC Scroll R290
2
Emerson Climate Technologies, File Name, xx/yy/zz, Page 12
Multipack Centralized Refrigeration System For Commercial Use ≥ 40kW
System Architecture Compressor Technologies Applications
Refrigerant Options
Transitional
(< 2500)
Future-Proof
(< 150)
Small Retail, Large Retail
HFC<2500
• R407A/F
• R448A
• R449A
• R450A
• R134a
R744
Semi Hermetic & Scroll Discounter & Small
Retail
HFC<2500
• R407A/F
• R448A
• R449A
• R450A
• R134a
R744
HFO (<150)
CO2 Booster System
CO2 Cascade System
System Architectures : CO2 Booster & Cascade Systems
• Semi Subcritical With High Standstill
• Scroll suction/discharge 30/52
• Inverter modulation for Semi CO2
• Semi Hermetics w/ Diagnostics
• Semi & Scroll Multi-Refrigerant (MT)
• Simple And Precise Semi Digital
• Compact & Light Weight Scroll
• Transitional / Future Proof
Scroll LT
Semi Hermetic & Scroll
Semi MT Semi LT
Semi MT Scroll MT Scroll LT
3
Emerson Climate Technologies, File Name, xx/yy/zz, Page 13
Examples Of CO2 Booster System With Semi / Semi & Semi / Scroll Compressors
CO2 Booster Semi/Semi CO2 Booster Semi/Scroll
Stream CO2 Low Temperature
Stream CO2 MediumTemperature
Trialled From Nov 2012 To July 2013 in UK
Medium Temp: 2 x Stream 4MTL With Inverter
Low Temp: ZO21 Scroll + ZOD34 Scroll Digital
40 to 60 Packs Running In Different Locations
Running Since June 2012 – 50K Running Hours
Medium Temp: 5 x Stream 4MTL With Inverter
Low Temp: 2 x Stream 4MSL With inverter
Regular Production For Green & Cool
3
Emerson Climate Technologies, File Name, xx/yy/zz, Page 14
Multipack Centralized Refrigeration System For Commercial Use ≥ 40kW
System Architecture Compressor Technologies Applications
Refrigerant Options
Transitional
(< 2500)
Future-Proof
(< 150)
Small Retail, Large Retail
HFC<2500
• R407A/F
• R448A
• R449A
• R450A
• R134a
R290
HFO (<150)
Semi Hermetic & Scroll Discounter & Small
Retail
HFC<2500
• R407A/F
• R448A
• R449A
• R450A
• R134a
R290 (MT)
HFO <150 (MT)
R744 (LT)
Secondary System
Hybrid-Cascade System
System Architectures : Secondary & Hybrid-Cascade Systems
• Semi And Scroll Option For MT
• Full Hermetic Scroll For R290
• Tandem Possibility For R290
• Digital Modulation Semi / Scroll HFC
• Scroll CO2 suction/discharge 30/52
• Scroll MT With HFC And R290
• Semi With CoreSense On Board
• Transitional / Future Proof
Semi Hermetic & Scroll
Semi HFC
Semi HFC Scroll HFC/R290 Scroll LT
Scroll HFC Scroll R290
3
Emerson Climate Technologies, File Name, xx/yy/zz, Page 15
Different CO2 System Architectures – Advantages & Disadvantages
System Architecture Advantages Disadvantages
CO2 Booster System • One Refrigerant
• One System, Lowest System Costs
• Better Efficiency Than HFC Systems
In Cold Climates
• System Faults In Coupled Systems
Affect MT and LT
• High Operating Pressures
• Lower Efficiency Than HFC Systems In
Warm Climates
CO2 Cascade System • Two Simple Systems
• LT With Low R744, The MT With A
Low GWP HFC Refrigerant
• Standard HFC Components For
Medium And Low Temperature Cycles
• Better Efficiency In Warm Climates
• Two Refrigerants Although R744 Can Be
Used In The High Stage
• Temperature Difference In The Cascade
Heat Exchanger Reduce The Efficiency
For The LT Cycle
• System Faults Affect MT And LT
CO2 Secondary System • Using R744 As A Secondary Fluid
Using The Latent Heat, Very Low Pump
Power Required
• Simple Chiller System For The High-
stage With Avaialble Components
• Chiller Could Use HFOs Or HCs
• Additional Heat Exchange And
Tempeature Difference Slightly Reduce
The Efficiency
• R744 Pumps Required
Emerson Climate Technologies, File Name, xx/yy/zz, Page 16
Se
gm
en
t
Food Service, Convenience Discounter, Small Retail Large Retail
Re
frig
era
tio
n
Sys
tem
1. Condensing Units
2. Self-Contained Cases
MT/LT
1. Small Compressor Pack
2. Condensing Units
3. Self-Contained Cases MT/LT
1. Booster CO2 System
2. Cascade CO2 System
3. Secondary System
Sh
ort
Te
rm
Re
frig
era
nt HFC<2500
• R407A/F
• R448A (N40)
• R449A(XP40)
• R450A (N13)
• R134a
HFC<2500
• R407A/F
• R448A (N40)
• R449A(XP40)
• R450A (N13)
• R134a
HFC<2500
• R407A/F
• R448A (N40)
• R449A(XP40)
• R450A (N13)
• R134a
Fu
ture
-Pro
of
Re
frig
era
nt
1. R744, R290, HFO (<150)
2. R290, HFO (<150)
1. R744, R290, HFO (<150)
2. R744, R290, HFO (<150)
3. R290, HFO (<150)
1. R744 / R744
2. HFO / R744
3. HFO or HC / R744
Summary– Practical Refrigeration System & Refrigerant Options