Refraction and Its Uses
description
Transcript of Refraction and Its Uses
![Page 1: Refraction and Its Uses](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051018/56814ac8550346895db7dbc1/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Done by: Liau Yuan Wei (3A317)
Friday, April 21, 2023 Done by: Liau Yuan Wei 1
![Page 2: Refraction and Its Uses](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051018/56814ac8550346895db7dbc1/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Content
Refracting telescope Light microscope Spectacles Cameras Binoculars
Friday, April 21, 2023 Done by: Liau Yuan Wei 2
![Page 3: Refraction and Its Uses](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051018/56814ac8550346895db7dbc1/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Friday, April 21, 2023 Done by: Liau Yuan Wei 3
![Page 4: Refraction and Its Uses](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051018/56814ac8550346895db7dbc1/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Origin
Refractors were the earliest type of optical telescope.
It emerged in 1608 in Europe, and 3 people were credited
They were Zacharias Janssen, Hans Lippershey and Jacob Adriaanszoon.
Friday, April 21, 2023 Done by: Liau Yuan Wei 4
A picture of Zacharias Janssen.
A painting of Hans Lippershey.
Both images taken from:http://www.aps.org/publications/apsnews/200403/history.cfm
![Page 5: Refraction and Its Uses](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051018/56814ac8550346895db7dbc1/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Origin cont.
Galileo Galilei learned about the discovery in Venice.
He created and modified it to a better version to see the moons & planets.
He presented his version to the public, which was pleased with it.
Friday, April 21, 2023 Done by: Liau Yuan Wei 5
Image taken from:http://perraj.wordpress.com/2009/05/
![Page 6: Refraction and Its Uses](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051018/56814ac8550346895db7dbc1/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
A Picture of Refracting Telescope
Friday, April 21, 2023 Done by: Liau Yuan Wei 6
Objective lens
EyepieceFocal point
Image
Eye
Image taken from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kepschem.png
![Page 7: Refraction and Its Uses](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051018/56814ac8550346895db7dbc1/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Description
1 and 2 are used to gather more light than the human eye, focus it on 5, and present the viewer with a brighter, clearer, and magnified virtual image.
The objective lens refracts light.This refraction causes parallel light rays to converge at a focal point.
Friday, April 21, 2023 Done by: Liau Yuan Wei 7
![Page 8: Refraction and Its Uses](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051018/56814ac8550346895db7dbc1/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Because the image is formed by the bending of light, or refraction, these telescopes are called refracting telescopes
Friday, April 21, 2023 Done by: Liau Yuan Wei 8
This clearly show the difference between a reflecting & refracting telescope.
Image taken from: http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr162/lect/light/refracting.html
![Page 9: Refraction and Its Uses](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051018/56814ac8550346895db7dbc1/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Image taken from: http://visual.merriam-webster.com/astronomy/astronomical-observation/refracting-telescope/refracting-telescope.php
A picture of parts of the telescope.
Friday, April 21, 2023 Done by: Liau Yuan Wei 9
![Page 10: Refraction and Its Uses](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051018/56814ac8550346895db7dbc1/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Image taken from: http://www.antonine-education.co.uk/Physics_A2/options/Module_5A/Topic_1/topic_1_lenses_and__refracting_t.htm
A picture describing how light moves in a refracting telescope.
Friday, April 21, 2023 Done by: Liau Yuan Wei 10
![Page 11: Refraction and Its Uses](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051018/56814ac8550346895db7dbc1/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Friday, April 21, 2023 Done by: Liau Yuan Wei 11
![Page 12: Refraction and Its Uses](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051018/56814ac8550346895db7dbc1/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Origin
Came from the discovery of lenses. In 1590, Zaccharias Janssen and his
son Hans, created the microscope while experimenting with lenses in a tube.
In 1609, Galileo, heard of it, and made a better instrument with a focusing device.
Friday, April 21, 2023 Done by: Liau Yuan Wei 12
![Page 13: Refraction and Its Uses](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051018/56814ac8550346895db7dbc1/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Origin cont.
Anton van Leeuwenhoek taught himself new methods for polishing tiny lenses of great curvature which gave magnifications up to 270 diameters.
This led to the creation of microscope and his biological discoveries.
Friday, April 21, 2023 Done by: Liau Yuan Wei 13
Image taken from:http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Anton_van_Leeuwenhoek
![Page 14: Refraction and Its Uses](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051018/56814ac8550346895db7dbc1/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
A picture of Refraction in Light Microscope
Friday, April 21, 2023 14Done by: Liau Yuan Wei
Here, refraction occur.
![Page 15: Refraction and Its Uses](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051018/56814ac8550346895db7dbc1/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Image taken from: http://homepages.gac.edu/~cellab/chpts/chpt1/figure1-3.html
Yet another picture showing refraction.
Friday, April 21, 2023 Done by: Liau Yuan Wei 15
Refraction occurs here.
![Page 16: Refraction and Its Uses](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051018/56814ac8550346895db7dbc1/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
A Complex Image of the Optical Path
Friday, April 21, 2023 16Done by: Liau Yuan Wei
![Page 17: Refraction and Its Uses](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051018/56814ac8550346895db7dbc1/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Description
The objective lens is a lens with a very short focal length.
This is brought very close to the specimen being examined so that the light from the specimen comes to a focus.
This creates an enlarged image of the subject.
Friday, April 21, 2023 Done by: Liau Yuan Wei 17
![Page 18: Refraction and Its Uses](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051018/56814ac8550346895db7dbc1/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
The image is formed by the bending of light, or refraction, at the point where light bends to meet each other to form the image using lens.
Friday, April 21, 2023 Done by: Liau Yuan Wei 18
![Page 19: Refraction and Its Uses](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051018/56814ac8550346895db7dbc1/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Image taken from:http://crescentok.com/staff/jaskew/ISR/equip/equip4.htm
A picture showing the parts of a light microscope.
Friday, April 21, 2023 Done by: Liau Yuan Wei 19
![Page 20: Refraction and Its Uses](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051018/56814ac8550346895db7dbc1/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Friday, April 21, 2023 Done by: Liau Yuan Wei 20
![Page 21: Refraction and Its Uses](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051018/56814ac8550346895db7dbc1/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Origin
There are many claims to whom it was first invented, but they generally agreed that it was from 1200-1499.
At 1500-1899, the first significant advance in frame design occurred with lenses fixed to a rigid bridge, allowing them to stay in place.
Friday, April 21, 2023 Done by: Liau Yuan Wei 21
![Page 22: Refraction and Its Uses](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051018/56814ac8550346895db7dbc1/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
A Simple Diagram of Spectacles
Friday, April 21, 2023 Done by: Liau Yuan Wei 22
Eye (Not shown)
SpectacleLens
Image here is clearer and sharper.
![Page 23: Refraction and Its Uses](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051018/56814ac8550346895db7dbc1/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Description
When light shine into the eye, the spectacle lens refracts the light inwards to meet at the back of the eye, giving a clearer and sharper view.
Without it, users would see images blurred as the image do not meet at the back of the eye.
Friday, April 21, 2023 Done by: Liau Yuan Wei 23
![Page 24: Refraction and Its Uses](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051018/56814ac8550346895db7dbc1/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
The image is formed by the bending of light, or refraction, at the point where light bends to meet each other to form the image using lens on the spectacles.
Friday, April 21, 2023 Done by: Liau Yuan Wei 24
![Page 25: Refraction and Its Uses](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051018/56814ac8550346895db7dbc1/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Friday, April 21, 2023 Done by: Liau Yuan Wei 25
![Page 26: Refraction and Its Uses](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051018/56814ac8550346895db7dbc1/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Origin
The first photograph was taken in 1814 by Nicéphore Niépce using a sliding wooden box camera in Paris.
Cameras were a development of the camera obscura, which uses a pinhole to project an image outside upside-down.
Friday, April 21, 2023 Done by: Liau Yuan Wei 26
Taken from: http://www.boxcameras.com/telepococam.html
![Page 27: Refraction and Its Uses](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051018/56814ac8550346895db7dbc1/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
A diagram of the camera lens
Friday, April 21, 2023 Done by: Liau Yuan Wei 27
![Page 28: Refraction and Its Uses](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051018/56814ac8550346895db7dbc1/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Taken from: http://www.mir.com.my/rb/photography/hardwares/classics/nikonf3/f3a.htm
This shows the path of light in a camera. Notice the light refracts when it enters the camera.
Friday, April 21, 2023 Done by: Liau Yuan Wei 28
![Page 29: Refraction and Its Uses](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051018/56814ac8550346895db7dbc1/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Taken from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photographic_lens
Distinct reflections are visible from the surfaces of different lens elements.
Friday, April 21, 2023 Done by: Liau Yuan Wei 29
![Page 30: Refraction and Its Uses](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051018/56814ac8550346895db7dbc1/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Description
When a ray of light passes from a less dense to a more dense medium , it slows down.
If it strikes the glass surface at an angle, it is also bent a little, and this is called refraction.
This makes it possible to design a curved piece of glass that will focus a parallel beam of light to a point.
Friday, April 21, 2023 Done by: Liau Yuan Wei 30
![Page 31: Refraction and Its Uses](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051018/56814ac8550346895db7dbc1/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Description
A photographic lens is an optical lens used in cameras.
They can be thought of as modified pinhole lenses.
They are normally made of four bits of glass.
Chromatic aberration and spherical aberration occur in a one-piece lens.
Friday, April 21, 2023 Done by: Liau Yuan Wei 31
![Page 32: Refraction and Its Uses](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051018/56814ac8550346895db7dbc1/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Friday, April 21, 2023 Done by: Liau Yuan Wei 32
![Page 33: Refraction and Its Uses](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051018/56814ac8550346895db7dbc1/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Origin Came from invention of telescope. Galileo got the idea of mounting two of
them together and adapted an earlier design to create a magnifying effect.
In the mid-1850s, Ignazio Porro patented a design using two prisms constructed in a Z shape for the image to be better magnified, but has depth.
Friday, April 21, 2023 Done by: Liau Yuan Wei 33
Taken from: http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/optics/timeline/people/porro.html
![Page 34: Refraction and Its Uses](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051018/56814ac8550346895db7dbc1/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
A Diagram of Binoculars
Friday, April 21, 2023 Done by: Liau Yuan Wei 34
Light is refracted here.
![Page 35: Refraction and Its Uses](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051018/56814ac8550346895db7dbc1/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Taken from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binoculars
This shows the path of light in a binoculars. Notice light is refracted when it enters it through the lens.
Friday, April 21, 2023 Done by: Liau Yuan Wei 35
A typical Porro prism binoculars design.
![Page 36: Refraction and Its Uses](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051018/56814ac8550346895db7dbc1/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Taken from: http://www.nightskyinfo.com/binoculars
This shows the optical path of light inside a binoculars.
Friday, April 21, 2023 Done by: Liau Yuan Wei 36
A typical roof-prism binoculars.
![Page 37: Refraction and Its Uses](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051018/56814ac8550346895db7dbc1/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Description
When light enters it, it is refracted by the objective lens.
It then travels and gets total internally reflected by two prisms.
This enables the image to turn it upside down as when light from a distant object pass through a convex lens, they cross over.
Friday, April 21, 2023 Done by: Liau Yuan Wei 37
![Page 38: Refraction and Its Uses](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051018/56814ac8550346895db7dbc1/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Description
This turns the upside-down image previously upright for the eye.
Light then travels to the eyepiece lens, again getting refracted into the eye.
The 2 lens help to magnify the image too.
Friday, April 21, 2023 Done by: Liau Yuan Wei 38
![Page 39: Refraction and Its Uses](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051018/56814ac8550346895db7dbc1/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
References
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refracting_telescope
http://telescope-for-u.blogspot.com/2007/03/history-and-invention-of-refracting.html
http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr162/lect/light/refracting.html
http://inventors.about.com/od/mstartinventions/a/microscope.htm
Friday, April 21, 2023 Done by: Liau Yuan Wei 39
![Page 40: Refraction and Its Uses](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051018/56814ac8550346895db7dbc1/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
References
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_Microscope
http://www.aaofoundation.org/what/heritage/exhibits/online/spectacles/
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/How_does_a_camera_lens_work
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binoculars http://www.4u-binoculars.com/how-
binoculars-work.html
Friday, April 21, 2023 Done by: Liau Yuan Wei 40
![Page 41: Refraction and Its Uses](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051018/56814ac8550346895db7dbc1/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
References
http://www.binocularsinformation.com/history-of-binoculars/
Friday, April 21, 2023 Done by: Liau Yuan Wei 41