The Renaissance + Reformation Ch 17 1300-1600 Out of the dark, into the light…
Reformation 1300- 1600
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Transcript of Reformation 1300- 1600
ReformationReformation1300- 16001300- 1600
Causes of the ReformationCauses of the Reformation
By 1500, forces weakened ChurchBy 1500, forces weakened Church Renaissance challenged Church authorityRenaissance challenged Church authority Movement began in Germany Movement began in Germany Spread throughout Europe because of Spread throughout Europe because of
political and social forcespolitical and social forces
Problems within Catholic ChurchProblems within Catholic Church
Critics of Church claimed leaders were Critics of Church claimed leaders were corruptcorrupt Popes- patronsPopes- patrons Spent extravagantly Spent extravagantly Too busy pursuing worldly affairs than Too busy pursuing worldly affairs than
spiritual dutiesspiritual duties
Problems cont’dProblems cont’d
Lower clergy and their problemsLower clergy and their problems Poorly educatedPoorly educated Broke priestly vowsBroke priestly vows
Early Calls for ReformEarly Calls for Reform
Influenced by reformers, people expected Influenced by reformers, people expected higher standardshigher standards
In early 1300s and 1400s, people were In early 1300s and 1400s, people were demanding reformsdemanding reforms
Luther Challenges the ChurchLuther Challenges the Church
Wanted to be a good ChristianWanted to be a good Christian Stood against Tetzel who was selling Stood against Tetzel who was selling
indulgencesindulgences 95 Theses95 Theses
Luther’s TeachingsLuther’s Teachings
Wanted full reform of the ChurchWanted full reform of the Church TeachingsTeachings
Could win salvation only by faith in GodCould win salvation only by faith in God Church teachings should be based on BibleChurch teachings should be based on Bible All people with faith were equalAll people with faith were equal
Pope Gets MAD!!Pope Gets MAD!!
Luther initially viewed as a rebellious monkLuther initially viewed as a rebellious monk Later Pope realized he was a serious Later Pope realized he was a serious
threatthreat Pope threatens with excommunicationPope threatens with excommunication
Holy Roman Emperor Gets MAD Holy Roman Emperor Gets MAD too!!too!!
Charles V was a devout Catholic and Charles V was a devout Catholic and didn’t like Luther’s teachingsdidn’t like Luther’s teachings
He summons Luther for trial and later is He summons Luther for trial and later is declared an outlawdeclared an outlaw
Ruler of Saxony took him in Ruler of Saxony took him in Luther’s ideas still carried on and became Luther’s ideas still carried on and became
known as Lutheransknown as Lutherans
Great Schism (in Germany)Great Schism (in Germany)
Within Roman Catholic ChurchWithin Roman Catholic Church Much fighting occurred Much fighting occurred Peace of Augsburg- agreed that the Peace of Augsburg- agreed that the
religion of each German state was to be religion of each German state was to be decided by its rulerdecided by its ruler
Henry VIII of EnglandHenry VIII of England
King of EnglandKing of England Needed Male heirNeeded Male heir Wanted a divorce, but not grantedWanted a divorce, but not granted Called Parliament into session and asked Called Parliament into session and asked
to end pope’s powerto end pope’s power Reformation Parliament gave him power to Reformation Parliament gave him power to
lead English Churchlead English Church
Henry VIII cont’dHenry VIII cont’d
Power hungryPower hungry Had 3 children succeed himHad 3 children succeed him
Elizabeth I, Mary Queen of Scots and Edward Elizabeth I, Mary Queen of Scots and Edward VIVI
John CalvinJohn Calvin
Calvin went beyond LutherCalvin went beyond Luther Ideas/ Teachings known as CalvinismIdeas/ Teachings known as Calvinism TeachingsTeachings
God grants his grace to whomever he God grants his grace to whomever he chooses regardless of individual behaviorschooses regardless of individual behaviors God chooses very few to save- predestinationGod chooses very few to save- predestination
Men and women are sinful by natureMen and women are sinful by nature
Calvinism cont’dCalvinism cont’d
Believed ideal government was a Believed ideal government was a theocracytheocracy
Tried in Geneva and workedTried in Geneva and worked Ideas spread- Protestant Churches trace Ideas spread- Protestant Churches trace
their roots back to himtheir roots back to him
AnabaptistsAnabaptists
Believed that only adults could decide to Believed that only adults could decide to be baptizedbe baptized
If done as a child, should do again as an If done as a child, should do again as an adultadult
Greek word for “baptize again”Greek word for “baptize again” Believed that Church and state should be Believed that Church and state should be
separateseparate
Catholic ReformationCatholic Reformation
Millions remained loyal Millions remained loyal The movement within the Church to reform The movement within the Church to reform
itselfitself Great reformer- Ignatius of LoyolaGreat reformer- Ignatius of Loyola
Believed daily devotions cleansed soulBelieved daily devotions cleansed soul Wrote a book laying out daily meditation, Wrote a book laying out daily meditation,
prayer and studyprayer and study
Catholic Reformation cont’dCatholic Reformation cont’d
Reforming popesReforming popes Paul III in 1534 took important steps forwardPaul III in 1534 took important steps forward
Investigated abuses with ChurchInvestigated abuses with Church Council of Trent- organized great leaders to Council of Trent- organized great leaders to
discuss/ agree on doctrinesdiscuss/ agree on doctrines
The Council of Trent (1545-1563)The Council of Trent (1545-1563)
Reaffirms the Church’s Reaffirms the Church’s beliefs and doctrinesbeliefs and doctrines
Called for better trained Called for better trained priests (rise of priests (rise of seminaries)seminaries)
Reformed Church Reformed Church financial and financial and administrative policiesadministrative policies
Greatly supported by Greatly supported by Spain, France, and ItalySpain, France, and Italy
Divided EuropeDivided Europeinto two religious partsinto two religious parts
Protestant countriesProtestant countries EnglandEngland ScotlandScotland ScandinaviaScandinavia Northern GermanyNorthern Germany ““Low Countries”Low Countries”
Catholic countriesCatholic countries ItalyItaly FranceFrance SpainSpain PortugalPortugal IrelandIreland Southern GermanySouthern Germany
Legacy of the ReformationLegacy of the Reformation
Protestant Churches flourished, despite Protestant Churches flourished, despite religious wars and persecutionsreligious wars and persecutions
Religion no longer united in EuropeReligion no longer united in Europe Church’s power declinedChurch’s power declined Helped to set the stage for the modern Helped to set the stage for the modern
worldworld