Reflexive Questioning as a Means to Enable Intimacy With Couples
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Transcript of Reflexive Questioning as a Means to Enable Intimacy With Couples
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7/29/2019 Reflexive Questioning as a Means to Enable Intimacy With Couples
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Reflexive Questioning as a
Means to Enable Intimacy witCouples
By K arl Tom m M.D.
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Clinical Interviewing
As ses sment vs TherapyQues tions vs Statements
Statements set forth the interviewer s views
Questions bring forth the clients views
Complexities of linguis tic commun ication
Questions can embed statements
Statements can embed questions
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Dimensions in Questioning
Open vs closed ques tionsWho, what, where & how ques tions vs
why ques tions
Effects of questions & their ans wers
information conveyed to interviewer
altered expe rience of interviewee
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Dimensions in Questioning
(contd)
The interviewers power in the interv iew In formulating a question
The question defines the domain of a leg itimate
response
In the process of asking the question Contextual expectations
Impositional vs invitational manner
Conveyed by context, tone, cadence, non-verb
expressions, etc
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4 Major Types of Questions
1. Lineal ques tions Clarify sequences over time
Intent is to develop a sequential understanding
interviewer
2. Circular ques tions Clarify here and now situation and relationship
Intent is to develop a contextural understanding
interviewer
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4 Major Types of Questions
(contd)
3. Reflexive ques tions Intent to influence client therapeutically
Open space for alternative meanings that are
healing or enhanced understanding that
supports wellness Selectively mobilize own knowledge and
competencies
Invitational (less impositional)
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4 Major Types of Questions
(contd)
4. Strategic Ques tions Intent to influence client correctively
Close space to accept the interviewers views
prefe rred
Impositional (less invitational)
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Effects of Different Types of
Questions
Lineal ques tions Conservative effect on interviewer
Judgmental effect on both
Circular ques tions
Liberating effect on interviewee
Accepting effect on both
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Effects of Different Types of
Questions (contd)
Reflexive ques tions Generative effec t on client
Creative effect on clinician
Strategic ques tions
Constraining effect on c lient
Oppositional effect on both
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Types of Reflexive Questions
Future Oriented Questions
Observer Perspective Ques tions
Unexpected Context Change Questions
Embedded Sugges tion Ques tions
Normative Comparison Questions
Dis tinction C larifying Ques tions
Ques tions Introducing Hypotheses
Process Interruption Ques tions
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Sequences of Reflexive
Questions
Co-constructing hopeCo-constructing responsibility
Creating conditions for child acceptance o
a s tep parent
Deconstructing shame and gu ilt
Opening space for apology, forgiveness an
reconciliation
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Co-constructing Hope
A Working Definition of Hope Living a prefe rred future in the present
Sequence of Ques tions
Bringing forth prefe rences (interests, desires
and/or passions)
Opening space for future possibilities
Poss ible Complication
Fostering unrealistic hopes
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Co-constructing Responsibility
A Working Definition of Re sponsibility Living consistently with an awareness of
whether one likes or dislikes the consequence
of ones own actions
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Co-constructing Responsibility
(contd)
Sequence of Ques tions Search for positive intentions in taking action
Open space for awareness of a difference
between intended e ffects and actual effects of
actions taken Bring forth an awareness of ones own feeling
about the actual effects
Invite reflection on alternative actions
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Child Acceptance of a Step-
ParentBring forth an awareness of the effects of
the quality and s trength of the s tep
relationship on the partnership
Open s pace for an acknowledgment of
differential attachments between the childand s tep-paren t vs natural parent
Co-construct a m eans to promote growth i
the s tep relationship and dim inish the
parental imbalance in attachment
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Bifurcation Questioning
Exam ple of reflexive ques tions that
empower
A m eans to co-cons truct awareness of
alternativ es and self as agent in m aking
choices
A branching s tructure in the question
Past choices
Present options
Future possibilities
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Internalized Other Interviewing
Reflexive ques tions that deepenunderstanding of and empathy for the othe
Based on a view ofthe self as cons tituted b
an in ternalized community
A m eans to selectively disclose and affirm
anothers unders tanding and feelings abou
the relationship and the self
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Additional Reflexive Questions
Grounding Ques tionsExternalizing Ques tions
Interna lizing Ques tions
Agency Ques tionsRe-cons truction Ques tions
Audience Ques tions
Interpersonal Pattern Ques tions
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Additional Reflexive Questions
(contd)
Motivating Ques tionsRespons ibility Ques tions
Re-emotioning Ques tions
De-construction Ques tionsEndurance Ques tions
Self Reflexive Ques tions
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Family Therapy Program
University of Calgary
www.fam ilytherapy.org