Reflections on Fishing OHS Research and its Relevance for OFI Module N · Reflections on Fishing...
Transcript of Reflections on Fishing OHS Research and its Relevance for OFI Module N · Reflections on Fishing...
Reflections on Fishing OHS
Research and its Relevance for OFI
Module N Barbara Neis, Bryan Davis, Joel Finnis and James
Shewmake** This presentation includes slides taken from related presentations to IFISH
5, St. John’s, NL.
1. OHS on Ships and Fishing Vessels
2. Learning from History: Spatial Shifts and Fishing Safety 3. Picking up the Pieces
o Stability
o Fishing vessel design and noise-induced hearing loss
o Weather and fishing safety
4. Direct and indirect influences of regulations on fishing Safety:
5. Why we need strong, multidisciplinary research teams
6. The benefits of a community engaged approach
7. The need for health (including OHS) impact assessments?
Presentation Overview
On an industry basis, fishing is one of the most hazardous industries in the world:
Hazardous working conditions and environments
Demanding work activities and schedules
Small-sized enterprises
Vulnerable workforce
Regulatory challenges
On an individual basis, risk for fishing accidents is cumulative
"… an emergency at sea is like a snowball: it grows. At first one or two
things go wrong and you can probably cope with those. Suddenly,
however, you've got four or five things to deal with at once, and unless
the crew is well prepared and trained, disaster strikes."
North Pacific Fishing Vessel Owner's Association: Vessel Safety Manual, 1997
Shipping and Fishing
1. The opening Arctic means expanding fisheries too…o Arctic Network for Fisheries and Aquaculture OHS
2. Both happen in mobile and moving workplaces
3. These affect both marine safety and seafarer/harvester OHS
4. Fisheries (like shipping) = diverse sectors, activities, social organization and hazardso Small open boats/subsistence fisheries
o < 45-65 foot could be going out 200 nm
o Trawlers and factory trawlers
Mobile Workplaces Past spatial/species shifts and fishing safety
• Evidence of shifts in spatial distributions of Search and Rescue incidents
• Effects of fishery restructuring towards crab harvesting
• Interviews documented context and consequences for havesters
Newfoundland Fishing Incidents: Perspectives and Analysis. R. Pelot et al. 2000
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
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450
Cla
ims
Year
Worker Compensation Claims by Industrial Code
704: Factory Freezer Trawlers 701: Offshore Harvesting 703: Inshore Fishing
S. Bornstein, et al. 2006.
We are still picking up the pieces from post-moratorium
fleet construction and policy
o Like all mobile workplaces FVs have engines – essential
to marine safety – potential hazards including vibration
and noise
o Post 1994 NL fleet design did not take the risk of
noise-induced hearing loss into account
o L. Moro and others are working on this (Burella et al.
2018).
Moving workplaces
o Because fishing vessels move – there are stability risks
o Stability is affected by design and operator/crew actions
(dynamic stability)
o Post 1994 fleets were designed to maximize capacity versus
stability/fuel efficiency
o Davis et al. (2018) seeking to reduce the risk of capsizing
caused by operator decisions and lack of knowledge
o But: stable vessels bounce around more – less likely to sink
but less safe as work platforms.
o More research on stability than on work on moving
platforms?
Reducing Fishing Vessel Capsizing in Newfoundland and
Labrador
Bryan Davis, M.Eng Student
Supervisors:
Dr. Bruce Colbourne
Dr. David Molyneux
o Spatial shifts also affect fit between vessel
design, equipment, knowledge, SAR and
weather
o Marine weather = key contributor to
vessel losses, fatalities, injuries…
a) What are the key weather-related hazards?
b) How will they change with shift to Arctic?
c) With what impact on who?
Marine weather and fishing safety research program extended into OFI:
1. Literature review
2. Large-scale, longitudinal weather, fishing traffic and Search and Rescue Incident analysis (quantitative) – Pelot/Rezae/Finnis/Shewmake
3. Qualitative fishermen’s knowledge and weather study - Shewmake
4. Qualitative (roundtable/interviews) forecasting production and stakeholder needs study (Finnis and Neis)
1. Larger-scale weather-related incidents can contribute to investigations & improvements in forecasting
2. Weather-related hazards often poorly defined: a) “worst situations of weather” (Jensen 1997)
b) “severe weather conditions” (Schilling 1993)
c) “extreme weather” (Matheson et al. 2001)
d) “heavy seas” (Noorish and Cryer 2004)
e) “adverse weather” (Roberts 2004)
f) “heavy weather” (Lucas and Lincoln 2007)
Systematic assessments of relationship
weather-related hazards and FS relatively
recent and rare?
Wu et al (2009) argue:
“There is a long history of studying the
relationship between weather and maritime
activities” (pg. 985)
Wu et al. (2005, 2009) take weather apart…
o Use: SAR incident data + weather data +
traffic data
o Explore: relationship between incidents
and 6 weather factors: wave height, SST,
air temp; ice concentration; fog presence;
ppt
o Rezaee et al. (2016 a,b,c) start to take
‘fishing’ apart – what weather hazards
contribute most to risk, for what fisheries?
o Roberts (2010) starts to look at weather
and fishing activities/tasks; see also Lucas
and Lincoln (2007) and others
But:
1. Fishing safety researchers rarely systematically assess weather-related hazards
2. Marine weather researchers = limited data/knowledge about fishing activities/processes
3. Fishing injury analyses = limited analysis of weather --- work on moving platforms literature?
4. Research gaps: weather, safety and…a) forecasting?
b) harbour-related injuries/fatalities? (Jackson et al. )
c) gear entanglement? STF? noise and communication? fatigue?
d) ports of refuge?
e) fisheries management?
f) no conceptual framework for understanding FVS and weather (Neis et al. 2018)
Marine Forecast Production & Application in Atlantic CanadaJoel Finnis, Barb Neis, Marilyn Koitnurm, Olivia Vila, Mihai SarbauMemorial University of Newfoundland(Roundtable report and interviews)
Early Lessons:
• Forecaster/harvester processes ‘rhyme’
• Forecasters’ concern about giving too much information/confusing w/uncertainty is likely unfounded
• Shared concerns harvesters/forecasters w/current spatial limits
• Potential for collaboration between meteorologists & harvesters
• Sharing information
• Observations to meteorologists
• Enhanced web offerings
• Redrawing forecast zones
• Devon Telford (2018), EC forecaster designed a map that would better need the needs of fish harvesters
Fig. 1.
FISHING VESSEL DESIGN,
CONSTRUCTION, STABILITY
FISHING TECHNOLOGY
DESIGN FISHING
OPERATIONS AND HANDLING
COMMUNICATIONS
SAFETY
EQUIPMENT
TRAINING
SEARCH AND RESCUE
FISHERIES INFRASTRUCTURE
INJURY
COMPENSATION
FISHING ECONOMICS
INSURANCE
TARGET SPECIES
FISHING LOCATION
FISHERIES
MANAGEMENT
BIOLOGICAL
ENVIRONMENT
PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT
OF WORK
Interactive effects on fishing occupational
health and safety
REGULATIONS WITH DIRECT IIMPACTS ON SAFETY
REGULATIONS WITH INDIRECT
IIMPACTS ON SAFETY
Windle et al. 2008
Regulations can interact with many things to
directly and indirectly affect fishing safety
The view from the deck
These complex interactions cascade downwards onto the deck of vessels to affect who is working, with what training, under what conditions, when, where, what they are doing, hazards and effects
Therefore we MUST
a) make the best use possible of existing datasets and push for improvements in those data and improved access as we deepen our knowledge of this complex, under-studied area
b) learn/communicate across sectors such as shipping and fishing
c) assess regulatory regimes and decision-making processes from the standpoint of safety
d) integrate into this work the knowledge, perspectives and concerns of the people on the ground and their representatives (the view from the deck/community/company
Multidisciplinary/community-engaged work is essential
References
Burella, G., L. Moro and B. Neis. 2018. Noise exposure of fish harvesters in Newfoundland and Labrador. International Fishing Industry Safety and Health 5 Conference, Memorial University, St. John’s, June 10-13th
Davis, B., B. Colbourne and D. Molyneux. 2018. Reducing Fishing Vessel Capsizing in Newfoundland and Labrador. International Fishing Industry Safety and Health 5 Conference, Memorial University, St. John’s, June 10-13th
Finnis, J. B. Neis, M. Koitnurm, O. Vila and M. Sarbau. 2018. Marine forecast production and application in Atlantic Canada. American Association of Geographers Annual Meeting. New Orleans, April 10-14.
Neis, B., J. Shewmake and J. Finnis. 2018. Understanding weather and fishing safety. International Fishing Industry Safety and Health 5 Conference, Memorial University, St. John’s, June 10-13th
Pelot, R.P., Buckrell, M., Zhu, H. "Newfoundland Fishing Incidents: Perspectives and Analysis", MARIN Report #2000-01, Dept. of Industrial Eng., Dalhousie Univ., August 2000.
Bornstein, S., B. Neis, M. Murray, D. Bass, M. Windle, M. Binkley, N. Power, S. Brennan 2006. SafeCatch Final Report. Ottawa: Search and Rescue Secretariat, New Initiatives Fund. https://www.mun.ca/safetynet/library/Fishery1/SafeCatch_Final_Report.pdf
Windle, M. J. S., B. Neis, S. Bornstein, M. Binkley and P. Navarro. 2008. Fishing occupational health and safety: a comparison of regulatory regimes and safety outcomes in six countries. Marine Policy, 32, pp. 701-710.
Thanks for Your Interest
Want to know more about fishing safety?
https://ifishconference.ca/
Module I and M, OFI