1

Reflection

&

Refraction

2

Reflection

A laser pointer is aimed at the surface of a flat mirror. Draw the laser beam after it hits the surface

of the mirror.

Conclusions

Ray Diagrams

Ray – ________________________________________________________________________

Normal – _____________________________________________________________________

Incident Ray – _________________________________________________________________

Reflected Ray – ________________________________________________________________

Label the following components of the ray diagram below; incident ray, reflected ray, normal, angle of incidence, angle of reflection.

Law of Reflection

Law of Reflection – ______________________________________________________

Diffuse Reflection - ___________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

3

Using a protractor, draw and label the normal line and the reflected ray for each diagram below.

Measure and label the angle of incidence and the angle of reflection.

NOTE: Remember to measure all angles from the _________________________________________.

1. A tall person stands in front of a vertical plane mirror 2.0 meters high, as shown in the

following diagram. A ray of light reflects off the mirror, allowing him to see his foot.

Approximately how far up the mirror from the floor does this ray strike the mirror?

2. How much of a mirror is required to see your whole body?

A

B

C

D

4

Images in a Plane Mirror

Image – ____________________________________________________________________________

Image point – _______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

Characteristics of Plane Mirror Images

1. Virtual Image - ____________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

2. Left – Right Reversal - ______________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

3. Upright - _________________________________________________________________________

4. do = di - _________________________________________________________________________

5. Magnification of 1 - ________________________________________________________________

5

Drawing Images

1. ______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

2. ______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

3. ______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

4. ______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

5. ______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

6. ______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

6

Curved Mirrors Compare the two types of curved mirrors.

Parts of a Curved Mirror

Spherical Mirror – specifically _____________________________

which have the ________________ of ______________________

Principal Axis – a straight line _______________________ to the

_____________________ of the mirror at its ________________

Vertex ( ) - the _______________ on the mirror's surface where

the __________________________________________ the mirror

Center of Curvature ( ) - the point in the ________________ of

the ________________ from which the mirror was ____________

Radius of Curvature ( ) – the ____________________ from the

__________________ to the ______________________________

Focal point

Draw the reflected ray for each of the incident rays in the diagram below.

Focal point ( ) - _____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

7

Sketch the path of the parallel light rays as they reflect off of each mirror pictures below.

Real vs. Virtual Images

Real Image Virtual Image

___________________________________

___________________________________

___________________________________

___________________________________

___________________________________

___________________________________

___________________________________

___________________________________

Procedure for Locating Images Formed by Curved Mirrors

Ray Draw a line from object to mirror… After reflection the ray will travel…

1

2

3

8

Ray Diagrams for Concave Mirrors Locate the image for each diagram.

C F

Image Properties

C F

Image Properties

C F

Image Properties

C F

Image Properties

9

Trends in Image Properties

Summarize any trends you notice about the properties of the image formed by a concave mirror as the object gets closer to the mirror.

Object Distance Image Distance Size of Image Relative

to Object Image Properties

do > C

do = C

F < do > C

do = F

do < F

C F

Image Properties

http://www3.interscience.wiley.com:8100/legacy/college/halliday/0471320005/simulations6e/index.htm

Image Properties

10

Spherical Aberration

Meaning:

Result:

Solution:

Convex Mirrors

Convex mirror – ______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

o _________________________________________________________

Properties of Images Formed by Convex Mirrors

1. __________________________________________________________

2. __________________________________________________________

3. __________________________________________________________

4. __________________________________________________________

Ray Diagrams for Convex Mirrors

Image Properties

11

Calculating the Position and Size of an Image

Mirror Equation – ____________________________________________________________________

Magnification Equation – ______________________________________________________________

Sign Conventions for Image

di +

-

hi

+

-

m +

-

di < do hi < ho

di > do hi > ho

m < 1 m > 1

* Not on Reference Table

* Not on Reference Table

12

Example Problem

1. A convex security mirror in a warehouse has a radius of curvature of 1.00 m. A 2.0 m high

forklift is 5.0 m from the mirror. Calculate the location and size of the image. Describe the

image properties.

2. A 2.0-cm-high object is placed 7.10 cm from a concave mirror whose radius of curvature is

10.20 cm. Calculate the location of the image and its size. Describe the image properties

13

Refraction

Demonstration

Refraction – _________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

Speed of Light in Different Mediums

1. How fast does light travel in a vacuum?

2. As light passes into a denser medium, how would its speed be effected?

3. How would its speed change as it traveled into a less dense medium?

Ray Diagrams

In the diagram below, a ray of light travels through a glass block. Label the components of the

diagram.

14

Reason for Refraction

Draw the path of the people as they pass from one medium to another.

Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3

Why does the path of the two people only change when they hit the boundary obliquely (at an angle)?

As the people pass into a more optically dense medium, how do they bend with respect to the

normal?

As the people pass into a less optically dense medium, how do they bend with respect to the

normal?

Path of Refracted Ray

F A S T

15

Determining the Speed of Light in Various Media

Absolute Index of Refraction ( ) - _______________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

Use the Absolute Index of Refraction on page 2 in your Reference Table to help answer the following questions.

1. Calculate the speed of light in water to the correct number of significant digits.

2. Light travels at a speed of 2.04 x 108 m/s in an unknown medium. What could this material

be?

3. Why does the chart of Absolute Indices of Refraction indicate (f = 5.09 x 1014 Hz)?

Monochromatic: _______________________________________________________________

Polychromatic: ________________________________________________________________

4. What is the speed of light in air? Is this exact?

.

5. Which material will cause light to slow down the most? ____________________

6. Which material will cause light to refract the most? ____________________

7. Will light bend if it travels from corn oil to glycerol? Explain.

16

Determining the Wavelength of Light in Various Media

We know that the speed (v) of the wave changes as it passes into a different medium. HOWEVER,

when a wave passes into a medium, whether more dense or less dense, the

Using the formula v = ƒλ, determine the relationship between the change in density of a medium,

and the wavelength of the refracted wave. Fill in the table below.

Wave travels into… Change in Wave Speed

Direction of Bending

with Respect to the

Normal

Change in Wavelength

More Dense Medium

Less Dense Medium

Equally Dense Medium

Relative Index of Refraction

A beam of monochromatic orange light having a wavelength of 6.09 x 10-7 m enters a denser

medium from air.

a. What is the frequency of the orange light in the block?

b. As the light passes from air into the denser medium, the wavelength will decrease to

4.06 x10-7 m. Determine the absolute index of refraction of this medium.

c. What is this material?

17

Determining the Angle of Refraction

Snell’s Law – _____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

1. What is the angle of incidence? Angle of refraction?

2. Complete the path of the light ray.

3. Determine the values for the angle of incidence and refraction.

4. Complete the path of the light ray. Label the angles of

incidence and refraction.

5. Which way does light bend when it travels from a fast medium

into a slow one? Which angle is bigger, θ1 or θ2?

18

6. Determine the values for the angle of incidence and refraction.

7. Complete the path of the light ray. Label the angles of

incidence and refraction.

8. Which way does light bend when it travels from a slow medium

into a fast one? Which angle is bigger, θ1 or θ2?

9. Measure the angle of incidence as a ray of light

enters flint glass from air.

10. Calculate the angle of refraction.

11. Draw the refracted ray. Label both rays and the

angles of incidence and refraction.

12. Draw the reflected ray. Label the ray and the

angle of reflection.

13. A wave traveling in air strikes an interface of material A at an angle of 35.0 degrees, bending to

23.1 degrees. Determine what material A is made of.

19

14. Use a protractor and Snell’s law to construct the path of the light ray with frequency of 5.09 x

1014 Hz as it passes from air through a triangular prism made of crown glass and back into air.

Dispersion – _____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

Dispersion Rule:

Explanation:

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

o

o

20

Critical Angle

1. A ray of light passing from water to air at an angle of 48.75346°,

determine the angle of refraction.

2. Draw the refracted ray.

3. Describe what occurs when the light ray hits the boundary.

Critical Angle ( ) – _______________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

*Not in Reference Tables

Total Internal Reflection – __________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

o

o

4. A beam of light is propagating through

diamond and strikes a diamond - air

interface at an angle of incidence of 28°.

Will part of the beam enter the air or will the

beam be totally reflected at the interface?

Applications of Total Internal Reflection

21

Thin Lenses

Lens – _____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

Sketch the path of parallel light rays as they pass through each lens pictured below.

Locate and describe the focus of each lens.

How can you determine whether a lens is converging or diverging?

22

Tracing Rays to Locate Images

Ray Draw a line from object to lens… After passing through the ray will travel…

1

2

3

2F F F 2F

Image Properties

23

2F F F 2F

2F F F 2F

2F F F 2F

Image Properties

Image Properties

Image Properties

24

Images Created by Converging Lenses

Describe how the image changes as the object gets closer to the lens.

2F F F 2F Image Properties

25

Image Formation by Diverging Lenses

Converging vs. Diverging

Converging Diverging

Mirror

Lens

Properties

The Thin Lens Equation and the Magnification Equation

C F F C

* Not on Reference Table

* Not on Reference Table

Image Properties

26

Example Problem

1. An object is placed 32.0 cm from a convex lens that has a focal length of 8.0 cm.

a. Calculate the image location.

b. If the object is 3.0 cm high, calculate the height of the image.

c. Describe the image properties.

2. A 10. cm high object is placed 20. cm in front of a diverging lens whose focal length is 60. cm.

Calculate the location of the image, the magnification of the lens, and describe the properties of

the image.

27

Lens Aberrations

Spherical Aberration

Problem

Solution

Chromatic Aberration (Dispersion)

Problem

Solution

28

Name: ________________________________ Date: ____________________________

Honors Physics Test #13 Review

Reflection and Refraction

1. Read Chapters 14, 15, & 16.

2. Terms to know: electromagnetic spectrum, diffuse reflection, regular reflection, refraction,

index of refraction, Snell’s Law, total internal reflection, critical angle, dispersion,

monochromatic, interference, diffraction, diffraction grating, Young’s Double-Slit Diffraction

Experiment, focal length, ray diagrams, concave, convex.

3. Which color of light has the highest frequency? Highest wavelength? Highest speed?

4. Which type of electromagnetic radiation has the highest frequency? Highest wavelength?

Highest speed?

5. How do fiber optic cables work?

6. What is dispersion? What causes it? Give an example.

7. Which color of light slows down the most when white light shines through a glass prism? Which

color bends the most from its straight-line path?

8. When a ray of light passes from a high index to a low index substance, which way will the ray

bend? From a low index to a high index?

9. Why do light rays bend when they enter a substance? Under what two conditions will a light ray

not bend?

10. What is the Law of Reflection? Snell’s Law?

11. What is total internal reflection? When will it occur? Can it occur if the ray is traveling from a

low index to a high index substance? From a high index to a low index substance?

12. What is the critical angle? What is the angle of refraction when the angle of incidence is the

critical angle?

13. What are some applications of refraction?

14. Be able to calculate the angle of reflection, angle of refraction, critical angle, index of refraction,

speed of light in a substance, and draw all these angles.

15. As a light ray travels from a low index to a high index substance, what happens to its

wavelength, speed, frequency, and period?

16. What are some examples of the diffraction and interference of light?

17. Be able to use the mirror and lens equations for both mirrors and lenses. Know the differences

between concave and convex mirrors and lenses.

18. Be able to draw ray diagrams for both mirrors and lenses.

29

19. An arrow is placed in front of the lens as shown below. Locate the image of the arrow by means

of a well-drawn ray diagram. Use a straightedge for all rays and clearly indicate the image.

20. What would happen to the image if the lens above were replaced by one with a lower index of

refraction?

21. An arrow is placed in front of the concave mirror as shown below. Locate the image of the arrow

by means of a well- drawn ray diagram. Use a straight edge for all rays and clearly indicate the

image.

22. A pencil is placed 5.0 cm in front of the mirror from the previous question, whose focal length is

8.0 cm. Calculate where the image will be located and the magnification of the pencil.

2F F F 2F

C f

30

23. A ray of light traveling in air is incident on an air-diamond

boundary as shown in the diagram. Draw the path of the light ray

in the diamond.

24. Using a protractor, draw and label the normal line and the reflected ray for each diagram below.

Measure and label the angle of incidence and the angle of reflection.

25. The diagram below represents an interface between glycerol and zircon. A ray of light is shone

through the glycerol, which strikes the zircon and then passes through zircon. It strikes the

surface at the angle shown.

a. Measure and record the angle of incidence

Angle of incidence = ___________________

b. Calculate the angle of refraction as the light

enters the zircon.

c. Draw the path of the light ray into the zircon, using a protractor.

d. Compare the speed of light in glycerol to the speed of light in zircon.

e. If the wavelength of the light ray in the glycerol is 5.95 x 10-7 m, what is the

wavelength of the light in the zircon?

Air

Diamond

Glycerol

Zircon

31

26. A beam of light crosses between two different media. Refraction can occur if

(A) all of the light is reflected

(B) the media have different indices of refraction

(C) the angle of incidence is 00

(D) there is no change in the speed of the wave

27. In the diagram below, monochromatic light (λ = 5.9 x 10-7 m) in air is about to travel through

crown glass, water and diamond.

In which substance does light travel the slowest?

(A) water (B) diamond (C) air (D) crown glass

28. As a teacher showed slides by projecting them on a fixed screen, a student complained that the

image was too small. The teacher enlarged the image by moving the projector away from the

screen, but the image blurred. The image should then have been brought in focus by

(A) moving the lens closer to the slide

(B) increasing the power of the projector lamp

(C) decreasing the amount of light in the room

(D) moving the lens away from the slide

29. The speed of light in glycerol is approximately

(A) 3.0 x 108 m/s (B) 2.0 x 108 m/s (C) 1.0 x 107 m/s (D) 4.4 x 108 m/s

30. The diagram below represents wave fronts traveling from medium X into medium Y.

All points on any one wave front shown must be

(A) traveling in the same medium (C) in phase

(B) traveling with the same speed (D) superimposed

31. The convex spherical mirror found on the passenger side of many cars contains the warning:

“Objects are closer than they appear.” Which phrase best describes the image of an object

viewed in this mirror?

(A) virtual and larger than the object

(B) real and larger than the object

(C) virtual and smaller than the object

(D) real and smaller than the object

32

32. The diagram below shows a ray of monochromatic light incident on an alcohol-flint glass

interface.

What occurs as the light travels from alcohol into flint glass?

(A) The speed of the light decreases and the ray bends away from the normal.

(B) The speed of the light increases and the ray bends towards the normal.

(C) The speed of the light increases and the ray bends away from the normal.

(D) The speed of the light decreases and the ray bends towards the normal.

33. An object is placed in front of a plane mirror as shown in the diagram below.

Which diagram below best represents the image that is formed?

34. A monochromatic ray of light (f = 5.09 x 1014 Hz) traveling in air is incident upon medium A at

an angle of 450. If the angle of refraction is 290, medium A could be

(A) fused quartz (B) Lucite (C) flint glass (D) water

35. The diagram below represents two light rays emerging from a candle flame and being reflected

from a plane mirror.

What does point P represent?

(A) the focal point of the mirror (C) the virtual image point of the candle flame

(B) the center of curvature of the mirror (D) the real image point of the candle flame

33

36. The diagram below shows a convex (converging) lens with focal length f.

Where should an object be placed to produce a virtual image?

(A) between f and the lens (C) at 2f

(B) between f and 2f (D) at f

37. The radius of curvature of a spherical mirror is R. The focal length of this mirror is equal to

(A) 2

R (B)

4

R (C) 4R (D) 2R

38. A candle is located beyond the center of curvature, C, of a concave spherical mirror having

principal focus F, as shown in the diagram below.

Where is the candle’s image located?

(A) behind the mirror (C) between F and the mirror

(B) beyond C (D) between C and F

39. In a vacuum, a monochromatic beam of light has a frequency of 6.3 x 1014 hertz. What color is

the light?

(A) green (B) red (C) yellow (D) blue

40. A student placed an object at various distances (do) from a converging lens. The corresponding

image distance (di) was measured and recorded in the data table below.

What is the focal length of the lens?

(A) 0.20 m (B) 0.15 m (C) 0.30 m (D) 0.10 m

An

sw

ers

:

22

. di =

-- 13

cm

m =

2.6

x big

ge

r

23

. se

e s

he

et in

cla

ssro

om

24

. 50

.00, 5

5.0

0

25

. a. 3

4.0

0

b. 2

5.3

0

e. 4

.56

x 10

-7 m

26

. B

27

. B

28

. A

29

. B

30

. C

31

. C

32

. D

33

. A

34

. A

35

. C

36

. A

37

. A

38

. D

39

. D

40

. D

34

Name ______________________________ Date _________________________

Honors Physics SAT Review #13

SAT Review: Reflection & Refraction

PART A

Directions – For each group of questions below,

there is a set of five letter choices, followed by

numbered questions. For each question select the

one choice in the set that best answers the question.

You may use a lettered choice once, more than once,

or not at all in each set. Do not use a calculator or

table of reference.

Questions 1 – 4 relate to the converging lens

and principal axis shown and the choices that

follow. The focal length f and twice the focal

length 2f are marked on either side of the lens.

(A) position 1

(B) position 2

(C) position 3

(D) position 4

(E) position 5

1. At which position could a candle be placed

so that a virtual image could be formed?

2. At which position could a candle be placed

so that an image smaller than the candle

would be formed?

3. At which position could a candle be placed

so that neither a real nor virtual image could

be formed?

Questions 4 – 5 relate to the

(A) reflection

(B) refraction

(C) interference

(D) polarization

(E) dispersion

4. Which of the above causes a wave to change

its speed and wavelength?

5. Which of the above creates two angles that

are equal to each other?

6. Which of the above causes white light to

separate into distinctive frequencies?

PART B

Directions – Each of the questions or incomplete

statements below is followed by five answer choices.

Select the choice that best answers the question or

completes the statement. Do not use a calculator or

any tables of reference.

7. A candle may be placed on the principal axis

at the following distances from the center of

a convex lens.

I. at the focal length

II. at 3/2 the focal length

III. less than the focal length

IV. greater than double the focal length

Which of the above will produce an image

that is larger than the actual candle?

A) I only

B) I, II, and III only

C) II and III only

D) II, III, and IV only

E) I, II, III, and IV only

8. The image formed by a plane mirror alone is

always

A) real.

B) virtual.

C) larger than the object.

D) smaller than the object.

E) inverted.

9. A converging lens has a focal length of 20 cm.

A candle is placed at 30 cm from the lens,

and an image is formed 60 cm from the lens.

The magnification is

A) 0.5.

B) 0.67.

C) 1.5.

D) 2.0.

E) 3.0.

10. Total internal reflection occurs when

A) light passes from air into water.

B) light refracts as it exits glass into air.

C) light reflects off of a mirror.

D) light passing through glass is reflected

inside the glass.

E) the angle of incidence is less than the

critical angle.

F)

35

11. A ray of light is shined from beneath the

water to air above as shown above. Which of

the following rays is the refracted ray

A) AB

B) BC

C) BD

D) BE

E) BF

Questions 4 – 5 refer to the choices below.

I. Sound Waves

II. Visible Light Waves

III. X-rays

12. Which of the above waves can be refracted?

A) I only

B) II only

C) I and II only

D) I and III only

E) I, II, and III

13. Which of the above waves CANNOT be

polarized?

A) I only

B) II only

C) I and II only

D) I and III only

E) I, II, and III

14. In the figure shown, the angle of incidence is

θ. Which angle is the angle of reflection?

A) 1

B) 2

C) 3

D) 4

E) 5

15. A beam of light passes from the air through a

thick piece of glass as shown. Which of the

following angles is the angle of refraction?

A) 1

B) 2

C) 3

D) 4

E) 5

16. A beam of light passes from air into glass.

Which of the following statements is true?

A) The angle of incidence is greater than the

angle of refraction in the glass.

B) The angle of incidence is less than the

angle of refraction in the glass.

C) The angle of incidence is equal to the

angle of refraction in the glass.

D) The frequency of the light decreases.

E) The frequency of the light increases.

17. A light ray pass through a thin lens having a

focal point f as shown above. Which of the

above best describes the lens?

A) The lens is a converging lens.

B) The lens is thicker in the center than on

the edges.

C) The lens is thinner in the center than on

the edges.

D) The lens will always produce real images.

E) The lens will always produce virtual

images.

Answers: 1) E 2) A 3) D 4) B 5) A 6) E 7) C 8) B 9) D 10) D 11) B 12) E 13) A 14) C 15) D 16) A 17) C,E