REFINING PROCESSESA.DATTALECT04

Crude OilDiagram of Refinery Units

CDU1CDU2HVU2BDUHCUHMUHDS2SplitHDTPlatDePrHDS1Natural GasSyngas and ReformatesHigh Sulphur CrudesImported ResiduesHigh Sulphur CrudesLow Sulphur CrudesImported ResiduesNaphthaKeroLGOHGOLong ResidueNaphthaKeroLong ResidueSulphurRefinery GasRegular MogasPremium MogasKero / AvturLight Fuel OilBunkersHeavy Fuel OilRefinery FuelBitumen 80/100Bitumen 180/200Bitumen 45/55The Process Units

Approx 7 Barrels to the TonneA Typical Crude Barrel

Distiller UnitsPlatformerHydrocrackerGasoil HydrotreaterKerosine HydrodesulphuriserDepropaniserHydrogen Manufacturing unitHigh Vaccuum UnitButane Deasphalting unitBitumen UnitSulphur RecoveryProduct BlendingProducts outThe Process Units

Distillation The initial separation takes place in the distillation Column The Crude is first heated in a furnaceto a temperature of 360 oC It enters the column and vapours and liquids separate The light vapours rise to the top whilst the heavier liquids fall to the bottom

FurnaceDistillation ColumnCrude

Distillation Column

Desulphurisation

Under Pressure and Heat Reaction takes place and Hydrogen bonds with Sulphur to form H2sDesulphurisation ProcessReactorCatalyst Desulphurised KeroseneDesulphurised Tops + NaphthaDesulphurised GasoilH2S

Increases low Octane Naphtha to high Octane PlatformateUses Heat and Pressure in a ReactorHydrogen is evolved in the processPlatinum Catalyst assists the processPLATFORMING

PLATFORMINGPlatinum Reforming

NaphthaFrom SplitterReactor FurnaceSeparatorEPlatformer UnitBlending Tank

High Vacuum &Bitumen Units

Bitumen Feed TanksHigh Vacuum Unit - HVU 1

To Hydrocracker for furthur ProcessingGasesVacuumGas Oil 180 PenBitumenBlowing ColumnTo Refinery Gas SystemTruck Loading and shipping 45/55 PenBitumen

Hydrocracking

What is Hydrocracking ??

Hydrocracker OverviewHCUHVUBDUHydrogen Manufacturing UnitHydrocrackerHigh Vacuum UnitBUTANE DE-ASPHALTING UNIT

Sulphur Recovery UnitConverts H2S into Sulphur For use by Fertiliser Companies

Sulphur PitH2S FeedMain FurnaceCoalescerStackLine Burner ReactorWaste Heat BoilerFuel GasLiquid Sulphur59%Liquid SulphurLiquid SulphurSulphur Recovery Unit

ENVIRONMENTALLOWERS EMISSIONSSCOT Unit

SCOT Unit

SLIDE 1.Hydro-cracking

INTRODUCTION

Basic presentation

Interactive

Ask Questions

If anything is not understood - ask.SLIDE 2.Hydro-cracking

What is Hydro-cracking??

Hydro-cracking is a process that UPGRADES

heavy oil, into lighter oils,

in a Hydrogen rich atmosphere.

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Produces high quality, light products from

heavy oils,

in the presence of hydrogen.SLIDE 9.HCU Overview

We take this LONG RESIDUE, and pass it through a couple of downstream Units, to extract oils, that provide us with feed for the Hydro-Cracker Unit.

One of these units is called a HIGH VACUUM UNIT and the other is called a BUTANE De-ASPHALTING UNIT.--------------------------------------------------------------

As has been already mentioned,the Hydro-cracking takes place in a HYDROGEN RICH ATMOSPHERE,so we need a supply of Hydrogen, of high quality and purity.

This is provided by another unit called a HYDROGEN MANUFACTURING UNIT.

Lets now have a look at these 3 Units in a bit more detail.