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Refining chronologies by dating pollen concentrates – new approach of separating pollen using flow cytometry Christoph Steinhoff 1 , Nadine Pickarski 1 , Irka Hajdas 2 , Thomas Litt 1 06.05.2020 1 Institute of Geosciences, University of Bonn 2 Ion Beam Physics, ETH Zürich RHEINISCHE

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Page 1: Refining chronologies by dating pollen concentrates – new … · 2020. 4. 30. · Refining chronologies by dating pollen concentrates – new approach of separating pollen using

Refining chronologies by dating pollen concentrates –new approach of separating pollen using flow cytometry

Christoph Steinhoff1, Nadine Pickarski1, Irka Hajdas2, Thomas Litt1 06.05.20201Institute of Geosciences, University of Bonn2Ion Beam Physics, ETH Zürich

Prof. Dr. Michael Hoch

Postanschrift: 53012 Bonn Regina-Pacis-Weg 3 53113 Bonn Tel. 0228/73-7297 Fax 0228/73-7262 [email protected] www.uni-bonn.de

Bonn, 10.07.2017

UNIVERSITÄT BONN · Der Rektor· 53012 Bonn

RHEINISCHE FRIEDRICH-WILHELMS-

UNIVERSITÄT

Der Rektor

www.200jahre.uni-bonn.de

Rundschreiben Nr. 31/2017 Neues Corporate Design der Universität Bonn

Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren,

die Universität Bonn befindet sich im Aufbruch! Nicht zuletzt durch die „ExellenzStrategie“ des Bundes und der Länder ist vieles in Bewegung geraten. Mit ihren Förderentscheidungen stellt diese Fördermaß-nahme die Weichen für die weitere Entwicklung der deutschen Hochschullandschaft. Darüber hinaus steht das zweihundertjährige Universitätsjubiläum bevor, ein Ereignis, das wir vor allem nutzen wollen, um unsere guten Beziehungen zu Partnern innerhalb und außerhalb der Universität zu stärken und uns noch enger mit der Stadt und der Region zu vernetzen.

Beiden Entwicklungen trägt das Rektorat Rechnung, indem es als sichtbaren Ausdruck dieses Aufbruchs ein neues Logo initiiert hat, das nun Zug um Zug eingeführt werden wird. Das neue Signet mit klaren Formen und moderner Schrift wahrt Kontinuität, indem es in abstrakter Weise einen Turm des Hauptge-bäudes symbolisiert. Das neue Design greift die Farbgebung des barocken Gebäudes auf, orientiert sich graphisch weitgehend am bisherigen Design und sichert so eine gewisse Kontinuität.

Das Logo stellt den Kern des Corporate Designs (CD) dar, das wiederum die Gesamtheit des visuellen Erscheinungsbilds unserer Universität regelt. Alle Angehörigen der Universität Bonn sind aufgerufen, die Regeln für die visuelle Gestaltung zu nutzen, die im CD-Manual festgelegt worden sind. Es ist jedoch nicht erforderlich, das bisherige Logo sofort durch das neue zu ersetzen. Bei anstehenden Neugestaltungen helfen Ihnen drei Grafikbüros, mit denen die Universität Bonn Rahmenverträge unterhält.

Unsere zentrale Informationsseite rund um das neue CD ist http://www.cd.uni-bonn.de. Hier gibt es neben dem CD-Manual ein Logo-Paket für Externe. Weitere Logos und erste Vorlagen für Briefbögen, Faxe und Powerpoint-Präsentationen sowie die Kontaktdaten und Konditionen der Grafikbüros sind im Intranet hinterlegt (auf der CD-Seite verlinkt; direkter Link: https://www.intranet.uni-bonn.de/organisation/verwaltung/dez-8/hochschulkommunikation/cd). In Kürze wird auch das Visiten-karten-Bestellsystem der Hausdruckerei auf das neue CD umgestellt.

Zahlreiche Institute und Einrichtungen nutzen ein Sekundärlogo. Dies soll auch weiterhin möglich sein. Darum wird es erstmals auch eine Office-Briefvorlage geben, die das Integrieren eines Sekundärlogos erleichtert. Weitere Vorlagen werden bald folgen.

Mit freundlichen Grüßen Prof. Dr. Michael Hoch Rektor

An alle Institute, Seminare und sonstigen Einrichtungen sowie die Verwaltung der Universität Bonn - einschließlich UKB -

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PALEOVAN - Project at Lake Van

Christoph Steinhoff Refining chronologies by dating pollen concentrates – new approach of separating pollen using flow cytometry 2

Ø ICDP funded deep drilling project at Lake Van in Eastern Anatolia (2004 and 2010)

Ø Analysis and reconstruction of the Quaternary climate in the Near East

Ø Drilling at Ahlat Ridge carried out sedimentary succession of ca. 220 m, spanning over 600 000 years

© Authors. All rights reserved Ø North-south trending seismic profile crossing main Tatvan Basin and Ahlat Ridge (PALEOVAN location - 375mbsf)

N

S

Litt and Anselmetti, 2014

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Lake Van - Varvechronology

Christoph Steinhoff Refining chronologies by dating pollen concentrates – new approach of separating pollen using flow cytometry 3

Ø Interglacial layers are annually laminated

Ø Varve counting provides possibility to create high resolution chronology

Ø Maximum age for the Holocene-Pleistocene-Transition is 8719 vy BP (yellow)

Ø Discrepancy of ca. 3000 years to GSSP

Ø Seven volcanic ash layers (gray) allow the correlation to other sedimentary profiles in Lake Van

Ø Comparison to existing varve chronology by Landmann et al. (1996) (orange) shows missing varves/erroneous counting in lower part

Ø 14C measurements above and below reference layers (tephra) to validate varve chronology

© PALEOVAN scientific team

© Authors. All rights reserved

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From Sediment to Pollen Concentrate

Christoph Steinhoff Refining chronologies by dating pollen concentrates – new approach of separating pollen using flow cytometry 4

Initial volume of 15-45 cm³,

depending on pollen conc.

Use of HCl;removal ofcarbonates

Use of HF;dissolution of

silicates

Ultrasonic sieving (10 µm)

Cytometric analysis using

flow cytometry(GFZ Potsdam)

AMS dating using gas ion source(ETH Zürich)

Laser based multiparameter

analysis

Coarse sieving (53 µm mesh

width)

Separation based on fluorescence

activated cell sorting (FACS)

Chemical Pretreatment Flow Cytometry AMS Dating

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Flow Cytometry

Christoph Steinhoff Refining chronologies by dating pollen concentrates – new approach of separating pollen using flow cytometry 5

1. Measuring intensity of refracted light on surface structure (forward scatter FSC and side scatter SSC)

Ø Indicator for size, shape and internal complexity of grains

2. Additionally measuring spectra and intensity of auto fluorescence signals of particles generated by various lasers1 2

FSC - particle shape

SSC

-in

tern

al c

ompl

exity

3Sample 2A

Hig

h en

ergy

fluo

r. (W

R 5

10 ±

50 n

m)

High energy fluorescence (WR 450 ± 40 nm)

4Sample 2AScatter plots (each dot represents 1 particle) for identification of subpopulations (cytometric analysis)

3. Morphological properties: No differentiation between sporomorphs (pink, blue) and detritus (gray) possible

4. Fluorescence signal: Separation of distinctive pollen (pink) and spores (blue) is now possible

Application to analyze, identify and isolate populations of heterogeneous samples according to optical properties

© Authors. All rights reserved© Authors. All rights reserved

© Authors. All rights reserved © Authors. All rights reserved

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Results – Flow Cytometry

Christoph Steinhoff Refining chronologies by dating pollen concentrates – new approach of separating pollen using flow cytometry 6

Ø Cytometric analysis allows unequivocal identification of pollen and spores

Ø Total pollen count varies widely (40 000 – 900 000 grains) and is independent of initial volume, sample depth, and sorting strategy

Ø Ratio of sporomorphs in pollen concentrate is largely >70%

Ø Some detrital particles with inherent color remain in concentrate after separation

Ø But recently developed strategy allows isolation of pollen concentrates with purity >90%

Ø Sample weight (µg C) varies between 13 – 160 µg carbon and is suitable for AMS dating

detritussporomorphs

© Authors. All rights reserved

Pollen count(10³) 695,7 81,2 800,6 891 315,4 134,4 245,2 133,1 117,7 732,1 35,7 108 230 159

Weight (µg C) 80 20 160 150 60 30 not

quan

tifiab

le

30 28 140 13 28 50 55

abov

e te

phra

1

belo

w te

phra

1

abov

e te

phra

2

belo

w te

phra

2

abov

e te

phra

3

belo

w te

phra

3

abov

e te

phra

4

belo

w te

phra

4

abov

e te

phra

5

belo

w te

phra

5

abov

e te

phra

6

belo

w te

phra

6

abov

e te

phra

7

belo

w te

phra

7

0

100000

200000

300000

400000

500000

600000

700000

800000

900000

1000000

polle

n co

unt

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Results – AMS Dating

Christoph Steinhoff Refining chronologies by dating pollen concentrates – new approach of separating pollen using flow cytometry 7

Ø 14C ages (green) older than varvechronology

Ø Good agreement in lower part of section

Ø Gap between varve counting and GSSP for onset of the Holocene can be closed

Ø Hiatus in sedimentation above tephra 1

Ø Landslides due to ridge position

Ø Statistical errors increase from ± 100 years in upper part to ± 170 years in lower part

Ø Scattering of all measurements varies between 2500 years around tephra 1-3 and 700 years for tephra 5 and 7

Ø Large uncertainty below tephra 3, wide range in pollen ages © Authors. All rights reserved

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Outlook

Christoph Steinhoff Refining chronologies by dating pollen concentrates – new approach of separating pollen using flow cytometry 8

It is possible to generate 14C ages derived from pollen concentrates!

Discrepancies concerning the Holocene chronology of Lake Van can be solved.

Still, we need improvements in sample preparation to increase pollen yield, while minimizingrisk of contamination.

Reliable measurements on old and recent carbon are necessary to exclude the contamination of the flow cytometry itself.

Further samples between the tephra layers are already taken, which will help do reduce the scattering of our AMS ages and further refine the Holocene chronology of Lake Van

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Thank you for your interest!

Special Thanks to:

Team of the Flow Cytometry Core Facility, University of Bonn

Dr. Jens Kallmeyer and Axel Kitte (both GFZ Potsdam) for assistance during cytometric analysis

We thank Dr. Caroline Welte for her help with the GIS 251 AMS analysis as well as the team at the Laboratory of Ion Beam Physics, ETH Zürich