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Subject Index

A A2, AB, and AX spectra 472 A3X spin system 347, 352 absorptive transition 489, 492 acquisition, stroboscopic 314 acquisition time 296, 399 active interaction partner 488 adiabatic condition 144 adiabatic CYCLCROP-LOSY 362,383 adiabatic demagnetization -, in the laboratory frame 82, 142 -, in the rotating frame 82 adiabatic J cross-polarization 363 adiabatic level crossing 364 adiabatic remagnetization -, in the laboratory frame 82 -, in the rotating frame 82 adiabatic variation of the effective field

143 ADLF 82,142 ADRF 82 adsorption depth 136 aerogels 209 AJCP 362, 379 AJCP-LOSY 380 alginate gels 258, 259, 274 aliasing 399 aliasing effects 293 analog-to-digital converter 295 Anderson/Weiss formalism 118 Anderson/Weiss formula 121 angiography 283 angular momentum operator,

eigenfunctions 402 anomalous diffusion 178, 208 -, echo-attenuation factor 184 -, subdiffusive behaviour 178 -, superdiffusive behaviour 178 anti-Helmholtz coil 21,204 antiphase single-quantum coherences 480 ARLF 82 ARRF 82 Arrhenius law 131

artifacts -, chemical shift 313 -, frequency-offset 256 -, frequency-offset compensation 301 -, inflow 256 -, magnetic susceptibility 313 -, motional 256, 277 -, outflow 256 asymmetry parameter 465 autocorrelation function 84, 104 average Hamiltonian 320, 434 averaging of spin interactions 320 AX spin system 51,367 axial peak 224 AYCP-LOSY 362 azimuthal angle 438

B Bl gradient 21 B1-gradient SLOAFI relaxometry 146 backprojection 314,316 Baker/Hausdorff lemma 416 basis operators 475 -, orthogonality 477 Belousov/Zhabotinsky reaction 258 fJ-detected NMR 302 bilinear spin-ll2 operators 444 binomial pulse 352, 354 biosorbed paramagnetic ions 274 bird-cage resonator 388 Bloch equations -, laboratory frame 90 -, rotating frame 91, 109, 256 Bloch/Wangsness/Redfield theory 88, 97 Bloembergen/Purcell/Pound formula 110 blood substitute 357 BOLD 258 Boltzmann factor 430 BPP formula 110 Brownian motion 175 bulk mediated surface diffusion 136 burst pulse 45 BWR theory 97

518

(

l3C imaging; proton-detected 389 Carr/Purcell/Meiboom/Gill 95 carrier frequency 419 Cartesian product operators 475 Cauchy distribution 126, 136 central limit theorem 120, 181 chaotic 87, 380 characteristic equation 436 chemical shift Hamiltonian 421 chemical waves 258 chemical-shift anisotropy 470 chemical-shift selective image 273 chemical-shift tensor 439 Clebsch/Gordan coefficients 459 -, selection rules 459 coherence transfer 55 coherence-transfer echoes 13, 51 -, discrimination 75 coherences 3 -, antiphase 55 -, double-quantum 53 -, in-phase 55 -, single-quantum 53 -, zero-quantum 53 collective modes 152 commutator algebra 414 complete orthonormal set 402 complete set of basis operators 476 computer algebra treat,ments 485 conditional-probability density 127 conservation of the symmetry 468 contact pulse 363 contact shift 273 contrast parameter 254 contrasts -, by 170 263 -, by blood oxygenation 258 -, by experimental parameters 254 -, by filter 258 -, by object parameters 254 -, by relaxation agents 258 -, diffusive attenuation 260 -, parameter-weighted 254 -, relaxation-weighted 257 convection, thermal 288 coordinate systems 438 correlated two-dimensional spectroscopy

54 correlation function 104 -, director fluctuations 169 -, of the local resonance offsets 120 -, RMTD 135 correlation length 178 COSY 55

coupling partner -, active 55 -, passive 55 CPMG 95,222 -, pulse sequence 252 CRAMPS 320 critical molecular weight 209 critical water content 155 cross peak 57,223, 228 cross-polarization 360 -, cyclic 385 -, HH-matched resonant 375 -, HH-mismatch losses 376 -, off-resonance losses 378 -, resonant adiabatic 379

Subject Index

-, single-transition operator theory 367 cross-relaxation 82, 224 crystal water in gypsum 112 Curie magnetization 431 CYCLCROP tomography 391 CYCLCROP-LOSY 362, 383, 385 cyclic cross-polarization 385 CYCLPOT-VOSING 352,362

D DANTE pulse comb 303, 325 defect diffusion 125, 152 6 function 397 -, Fourier transform pairs 399 demagnetization factor 16 demagnetizing field 16, 71 density operator -, definition 427 -, evolution 432 -, reduced 428 DEPT 362 detailed balance 219 detection -, p radiation 302 -, non-inductive 302 detection interval 6 diagonal peaks 55, 224, 228 DICSY 282,358 diffusion -, echo attenuation factors 181 -, inter-voxel 301 diffusion coefficient 176 diffusion imaging 290 diffusion-profile imaging 175 diffusion/reaction front 275 diffusivity 176 digital filtering 298 digital resolution 296 -, spectral 296 -, velocity 297

Subject Index

digital-acquisition mode 398 dipolar coupling, translational-diffusion

modulation 111 dipolar Hamiltonian in the tilted rotating

frame 449 dipolar order 28,34, 142,429 dipolar-correlation effect 159 dipolar-correlation quotient 166, 172 -, disordered systems 174 dipolar-order transfer echo 36 dipole-dipole interaction 423 -, Hamiltonian 425 Dirac's 6 function 397 direct product 476,477 director fluctuation modes 126 director fluctuations 152 -, correlation function 169 disengagement time 210 displacement-correlation function 182 DNA 149 DoilEdwards limits 209 DOPT 362 DOPT-LOSY 362 double-quantum coherence-transfer echo

68 double-quantum coherences 40 double-quantum cross-polarization 360 double-quantum filtered correlated

spectroscopy 72 double-quantum Liouville subspace 409 double-quantum/single-quantum

correlated spectroscopy 74 DQF-COSY 62, 72 DQF-VOSING 72, 345 dwell time 295, 399 dyadic product 455 Dyson time ordering operator 432

E echo-planar imaging 252,288 edge enhancement 260 edited spectra 343 effective Hamiltonian 449 effective magnetic-flux density 449 effective transverse relaxation time 117 electric dipole radiation 461 electric quadrupole moment tensor 462 electromagnetic multipole radiation 461 emiselective pulse 343 emissive transition 489, 492 entanglement time 210 E symbol 397 equations of motion in the rotating frame

445 equilibrium density operator 430

equilibrium magnetization 431 equivalent spins 4 ergodic 84 evolution interval 5 exchange -, between two environments 227 -, matrix formalism 224 exchange network 217 exponential operators 416 EXSY 222 extreme-narrowing limit 88, 117 eye lenses 149

F fast exchange 149, 222 fast Fourier transform 293 Fermi contact interaction 110,426 FEVI 284 FlO 119 field gradient NMR diffusometry 175 field of view 293, 295 -, velocity 296 field-cycling magnets 139 field-cycling relaxometry 94, 138 -, in biosystems 149 fine particle agglomerates 209 FLASH 251 flip-flop spin transitions 42 flow -, laminar 306 -, pulsating 280 -, turbulent 306 fluctuation operator 100 fluctuations, protein backbones 151 fluorine image 356 forced Rayleigh scattering 194 form factor 193 Fourier series 19 Fourier transform pairs

519

-, reciprocal- and real-space domains 401 -, time and frequency domains 400 free-induction decay 12, 119 free-water volume formalism 156 frequency encoding 234, 247 frequency-offset artifacts, post -detection

correction 270 frequency-offset map 266 functional tomography 258

G g factor 418 Gaussian function 176 glass bead agglomerate 286 good quantum numbers 4, 459

520

gradient -, of the RF amplitude Bl 312 -, oscillating 316 gradient pulse -, bipolar 278 -, moments 277 -, motion-compensated 279 -, velocity-compensated 280 gradient -recalled echo 14, 245 Green's function 176 gyromagnetic ratio 418

H Hahn spin echo 11, 12 Hahn/Maxwell/McConnell equations 217 Hamilton operators, in the rotating frame

448 Hankel transform 134, 314 hard pulse 8, 238 Hartmann/Hahn matching 360, 454 3He 360 heart wall motion 306 heavy metal ions 258 Heisenberg equation 447 Heisenberg's uncertainty relation 143, 364 helix/coil transition 76 heteronuclear CYCLPOT -VOSING

spectroscopy 383 heteronuclear imaging 388 heteronuclear interactions 484 heteronuclear MQF-VOSING spectroscopy

383 high-field case 4 high-temperature limit 430 Hilbert space 427,475 hologram 249 holographic grating 194 homonuclear correlated spectroscopy 55 homo nuclear interactions 484 homospoil gradient-assisted spectral

editing 75 HYCAT 389 hydration shells 152 hydrogen/carbon tomography 389 hydrogenlfluorine retuning tomography

388 HYFY 388 hyperpolarized noble gases 360

IzSz interaction Hamiltonian 485 image, rotating-frame relalCation-weighted

261 image-guided volume-selective parameter

determination 260

Subject Index

imaging -, echo-planar 252 -, fast 251 -, functional 258 -, gradient-recalled spin echo 251 -, low flip angle method 252 -, multiple read-out technique 252 -, skin-effect enhanced 313 -, solid samples 316 imaging of solids -, Jeener/Broekaert echo 319 -, magic echo 319 -, mixed echo 320 -, solid echo 319 in-phase single-quantum coherences 478 INADEQUATE 72 incoherent scattering function 179 indirect l3C imaging 388 indirect spin-spin coupling 111,423 INEPT 351,360,362 inequivalent spins 4 inflection frequency 111, 155 inflection point 154 inflow/outflow artifacts 277 intensity function 84, 105 interaction representation 97 interdiffusion 175 intra-voxel flow 300 intra-voxel incoherent motion 282, 288 inversionlrecovery 94 ion exchange process 274 irreducible spherical tensor operators

420,455 irreversibility -, and molecular motion 87 -, and spin-system size 87 irreversible process 7 isochromat 3 isotropic mixing 368 isotropy condition 104

J J coupling Hamiltonian 422 J cross-polarization 362 J order 429,481 JCP 362 JCP-LOSY 362,378 Jeener experiment 55 Jeener/Broekaert echo 36,41 Jeener/Broekaert pulse sequence 39 jump models 128 -, discrete-coupling states 125

Subject Index

K kidney 356 kinetic matrix 218 Kronecker symbol 397 Kubo/Tomita theory 121 Kuhn segment 209

L lactate 345, 352 -, in vivo detection in the human brain

357 lacunar systems 208, 286 ladder oparators 407 lanthanide shift reagents 273 Laplace operator 176 Laplace's equation 465 Legendre polynomials 405 Levy-walk 126, 155, 178 Levy-walk surface diffusion 136 lifetime line-broadening 86 line moments 31,319 Liouville space 477 Liouville/von Neumann equation 432, 446 lipid bilayers 149 -, fluctuations 152 liquid crystal 169, 172 -, confined in porous glass 174 localized measurements 234 localized NMR 340 localized spectroscopy 342 -, pulse scheme 359 longitudinal quadrupolar order 113 longitudinal relaxation 81 longitudinal scalar order 53, 429, 480 longitudinal spin order 429 longitudinal-magnetization transfer echo

62, 63 LOSY 261,342,359 -, pulse 322, 326 low-coupling limit 343 lowering operator 407

M magic-angle spinning 87, 320 magic echo 86 -, dipolar 42 -, pulse sequences 45 -, quadrupolar 42 magic-echo phase-encoding imaging 321 magic sandwich 44 magnetic dipole moment 418 magnetic fields 463 magnetic octopole resonance 450 magnetic quadrupole radiation 461 magnetic resonance, noninductively

detected 322

521

magnetic resonance force microscopy 322 magnetic-resonance force microscopy 302 magnetic resonance imaging -, experimental parameters 233 -, filtered 233 -, object parameters 233 -, parameter-weighted 233 magnetic resonance spectroscopic

imaging 266 magnetization -, complex transverse 428 -, transverse 429 -, vector 428 magnetization grating 193 magnetization grid 17, 176, 193,200 magnetization system vectors 217 Magnus expansion 432 MAGROFI 200 mapping -, magnetic susceptibility 274 -, velocity 283, 296 -, velocity fields 284 maps -, diffusivity 290 -, hydrocarbon 389 -, percentual contribution of lipid 273 -, percentual contribution of water 273 marker line imaging 303 Markov chains 129 Markovprocess 177 MASSEY 186 master equation 100 matrix -, diagonalization 435 -, eigenvalues 435 -, eigenvectors 435 -, inverse 437 -, principal-axes system 435 -, transposed 437 maximum-entropy data manipulation 314 mean squared displacement 177, 185 memory function formalism 126 MEPSI 321 mesophase 174 mirror lines 399 mismatch parameter 370 mixed echo 49 mixing 55 -, intervalS, 223 mode correlation time 173 MOIST 362, 378 motional averaging 116, 117 -, partial 123 motional-averaging limit 88, 123 movie 253

522

MREV-8 320 MRS! -, post-detection processing 266,269 -, pulse sequences 267 -, theory 268 multi-plane tagging 303 multi-pulse train 320 multi-spin 1/2 systems 30 multi-spin systems 380 multi-stripe tagging 303 multiple echoes 16 multiple-pulse trains 87 multiple-quantum coherence based

spectroscopy 71 multiple-quantum coherence transfer

echoes 36, 175 multiple-quantum coherences 479 multiple-quantum filtered spectroscopy

71 multiple-quantum spectroscopy 62 multiple-quantum transitions 429 multiple-quantum/single-quantum

correlated spectroscopy 71 multiply gradient-recalled echoes 252

N nematic crystal 169 NMR diffusometry 175 -, diffraction-like patterns 191 NOE 361 NOESY 97, 223, 361 nonlinear stimulated echoes 16 normal coordinate representation 85 NOSE 16 NQR 5,138 -, rotating-frame imaging 314 nuclear magneton 418 nuclear moments, selection rules 461 nuclear multipoles 461 nuclear Overhauser effect 361, 392 nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy

223 nuclear quadrupole moment 462 nuclear quadrupole resonance 138 nutation 21 nutation frequency encoding 201, 312 Nyquist sampling theorem 293, 398

o operator -, adjoint 405 -, Hermitian 405 -, inverse 405 -, self-adjoint 405 -, unitary 405

optical pumping 360 order -, dipolar 82 -, longitudinal 82 -, quadrupolar 82 -, scalar 82

Subject Index

ordinary diffusion, echo-attenuation factor 185

orientational structure factor 133 overtone coherences 34

P PAEP 229 Pake spectrum 467 parameter mapping 233,254,317 partition function 430 passive interaction partner 488 passive spins 349 Pauli spin matrices 406 percolation backbone 286 perfluorocarbon emulsion 356, 357 perturbation theory; time-dependent 98 PGSE 182 pH value, local 276, 357 phase alternating excitation pulses 229 phase encoding 234, 246 -, spectroscopic 267 -, velocity 284 phonon 85 Picard iteration 98 pixel resolution 297 plastic phase of cyclohexane 111 polar angle 438 polar coordinates. 438 polarization echo 42 polarization transfer -, laboratory frame 360 -, rotating frame 360 polypeptides 76 populations 428 porous rock 286 precession 443 preparation interval 5 primary echo 13 primitive path 210 principle of microscopic reversibility 219 product operator formalisms 26, 475 progressive saturation 94 propagator 432 propagator for diffusion 176 protein solutions 152 protein surface 134 proteins 149 -, fluctuations 151 proton-detected localized 13e NMR 382

Subject Index

pseudo-FID 201, 313 pseudo contact shift 273 31 P spectroscopy, spatially resolved 314 pulsating flow 280, 289 pulse shape -, binomial 352 -, envelope function 242 -, Gaussian 243 -, hyperbolic secant 245 -, sinc 243 -, truncated sinc 244 pulsed-gradient spin-echo diffusometry

182 pure nuclear quadrupole resonance 5 pure state 427

Q quadrature detection 224, 295, 296 quadrupolar Hamiltonian 463 -, in the tilted rotating frame 452 quadrupolar order 40, 142,429 quadrupolar-order relaxation by weak

collisions 114 quadrupolar-order transfer echo 41 quadrupolar relaxation 113 quadrupole dips 149 quadrupole interaction Hamiltonian 424 quantization direction 4 quantum interference 42

R radiation damping 7,71 radius of gyration 210 raising operator 407 random percolation clusters 178, 208 rapid MAGROFI diffusometry 203 rapid rotating-frame imaging 314 Rayleigh/Benard instability 288, 306 reciprocal space 191 reduced density operator 431 reduced matrix elements 459 reduced Wigner rotation matrix 457 relaxation -, observables 81 relaxation agents 83 relaxation contrast agents 258 relaxation-dispersion map 261 relaxation phenomena -, categorization 81 relaxation-rate matrix 218 relaxation theory -, semi-classical 86 reorientation mediated by translational

displacements 126, 131 repetition time 254

reptation/tube model 209 residual correlation 84 residual dipolar interactions 159 resolution 293 -, in-plane 298 -, physical limits 298 resonance in the effective field 114 reversible process 7 RF irradiation 419 RF power deposition 252,387,394 RF pulse -, Gaussian 243 -, hyperbolic secant 245 -, rectangular 242 -, sinc function 243 -, truncated sinc 244

523

RF-field-gradient NMR diffusometry 200 pNQRI 314 rigid-lattice limit 88, 123 R]CP 362,378 RMTD 126, 131, 155 RMTD correlation function 154 ROm 261 rotary echo 21 rotating-frame imaging 200, 312 -, NQR 314 -, pulse sequence 313 rotating-frame relaxation dispersion

imaging 261 rotating-frame relaxometry 95 rotation matrix 439 rotational correlation time 128 rotational diffusion -, isotropic continuous 125, 126 rotational diffusion equation 127 Rouse model 126 Rouse relaxation time 210

S sandwich propagator 416 saturationlrecovery 94 scalar coupling 110, 422 scalar-order transfer echo 64, 345 scalar relaxation of the second kind 113 scanning tunnelling microscopy 323 Schrodinger representation 447 second moment of interpair contributions

26 second-rank tensors 455 secondary echo 14 SECSY 59 secular determinant 436, 473 secular dipolar Hamiltonian in the tilted

rotating frame 44

524

secular quadrupolar Hamiltonian in the tilted rotating frame 44

selection rules 468 self-diffusion 175 semiselective pulse 343 SFF-SGSE 186 SGSE 185 -, echo-attenuation factors 186 shielding tensor 422 side-group motions 151 signal-to-noise ratio 301 silica fine-particles 155 sinc function 19 single-quantum coherence-transfer echo

67 single-quantum coherences -, antiphase 34, 55 -, in-phase 34, 55 single-quantum transition 429 single-transition operators 369,409 singlet state 4, 467, 484 skin -effect 313 slice -, position 246 -, width 246 slice profile 242 -, Gaussian 243 -, rectangular 243 slice selection -, by soft pulse 238 -, cross-polarization 325 -, principles 325 -, soft pulses 325 -, spin-lock pulses 325 slice-selection by spin-locking -, liquid-state limit 327 -, slice position 337 -, slice width 337 -, solid-state limit 328 -, theory 326 SLOAFI 143 SLOPT 362 SLOPT-LOSY 362 slow exchange 221 SOF-VOSING 344 soft pulse 238 solid echo 86 -, dipolar 26 -, quadrupolar 37 spatio/spectral map 314 spectral density 84, 105 spectral editing 344 spectral width 293, 295 spectroscopic diffusion imaging 290 spectroscopic map 273

Subject Index

spherical coordinate system 438 spherical harmonics 402, 455 -, addition theorem 161,404 -, complex conjugate 402 -, linear combination 402 -, parity 402 spherical spin operators 408 spin-alignment 40 spin-alignment echo 41 spin coherences 429 spin density 254 spin diffusion 42, 149 spin echo -, primary 12 -, secondary 12 -, stimulated 12 spin -echo time 254 spin Hamiltonians 418 spin interactions -, non-secular 86 -, secular 86 spin-lattice relaxation 81 -, by chemical-shift anisotropy 114 -, by dipolar coupling 102 -, by quadrupolar coupling 113 -, by scalar coupling 110 -, in the rotating frame 114 -, like-spin limit 109 -, S-spin-equilibrium limit 108 spin-lock adiabatic field-cycling imaging

143 spin-lock field-cycling rotating-frame

imaging 144 spin-lock pulse, off-resonant 93 spin-locking, in the presence of field

gradients 326 spin-locking pulse 92, 363 spin -1 operators, matrix representation

406 spin operators for I = 1 quadrupole

nuclei 493 spin order 429 spin-order transfer echo l3 spin-phonon coupling 85 spin polarization 429 spin relaxation, perturbation theory 97 spin-rotation interaction 83,426 spin-spin coupling -, Hamiltonian 422 -, in the doubly-rotating frame 453 spin system 4, 405 spin systems -, A3X 347 -, AX 51,392 -, AX2 392

Subjed Index

-, AX3 392 spin-warp imaging 235, 238 spins, isolated in inhomogeneous fields 7 sponge 286 state mixture 427 stationarity condition lO4, 121 steady-gradient spin-echo diffusometry

185 STEAM 343 stimulated echo 13 stimulated-echo acquisition mode 343 stochastic Liouville/von Neumann

equation 121 Stokes/Einstein expression 156 STRAFI 319,325 stray-field imaging 319 stretched Gaussian distribution function

178 strong adsorption 136 -, limit 126 strong coupling 484 strong-collision case 84 supercon-fringe field diffusometry 186 surface -, coil 21,204, 340 -, orientation correlation function 133

T Taylor/Couette flow 288 temperature, local 276, 357 thermal convection patterns 306 thermal equilibrium 429 31p spectroscopy, spatially resolved 314 3DFT imaging 248 3D-MEPSI 323 three-dimensional Fourier Transform

imaging, pulse sequence 248 three-pulse dipolar solid echoes 34 three-pulse Hahn echoes 11 three-pulse quadrupolar solid echoes 39 tilted rotating frame 450 time dependent Schrodinger equation 447 time evolution operator 432 time-of-flight 303, 306 time reversal effect 44 time-reversal invariance condition 104 tissue 149 -, malignant 263 -, proton relaxation 157 topical NMR 340 topological constraints 209 topological space 133 toroid cavity 204 traces -, commutator expressions 412

525

-, operator products 411 -, operator sums 411 -, rules 411 -, unitary transformations 411 -, unity operator 413 transformation to the rotating frame 442 transverse relaxation 82, 116 -, classification 88 -, dipolar-coupled spin pairs 116 -, like-spin limit 117 -, local-field theory 118 -, multiple-quantum coherences 118 -, rigid-lattice limit 117 -, S-spin-equilibrium limit 116 -, single-quantum coherences 116 -, single-quantum coherences of

quadruple nuclei 118 TREV-8 320 triangle rule 460 trigonometric operators 416 trimming gradient pulse 245 triplet state 4, 467, 484 tumor 263 tunneling 86 turbulent flow 178, 288 2DFT imaging 248 two-dimensional exchange spectroscopy -, ESR 223 -, NMR 223 -, NQR 223, 228 two-dimensional Fourier imaging 247 two-dimensional Fourier transform

imaging -, frequency encoding 236 -, phase encoding 236 -, pulse scheme 235 -, slice selection 236 two-dimensional spectroscopy -, correlated 55 -, EXSY 223 -, J resolved 59 -, NOESY 223 -, spin-echo correlated 59 -, VEXSY 223 two-pulse dipolar solid echo 26 two-pulse Hahn echo 7 two-pulse quadrupolar solid echo 37 two-site/fast-exchange model 149, 153

U unitary transformations 435 -, RF pulses 443 -, spin operators 442

526

V velocimetry 283 -, localized 284 velocity -, exchange spectroscopy 223 -, maps 283 -, phase encoding 284 -, range 293 -, vector, local 283 -, volume-selective measurement 284 VEXSY 223 VJCP 362,378,383 volume-selective diffusometry 357 volume-selective J cross-polarization 378 volume-selective measurements 234 volume-selective relaxometry 357 volume-selective spectral editing 341,345 -, cyclic polarization-transfer filtered 352 -, double-quantum filtered 345 -, scalar-order filtered 344 volume-selective spectroscopy 260,341 -, functional 260 volume-selective velocimetry 357 VOSING 341 VOSY 341 VOTY 284, 358

W WAHUHA 320 wave number 17, 191 weak coupling 484 weak-collision case 84,97 WHH-4320 Wigner coefficients 459

Subject Index

Wigner rotation matrix 404, 457 Wigner's 3 j symbols 459 Wigner/Eckart theorem 459, 462

X 129Xe 360

Z Zeeman frame 452 Zeeman interaction 418 zero-field experiment 5 zero-field NMR or NQR spectroscopy

138, 142 zero-field spin echo 5 zero-filling 297 zero-quantum coherence 410 zero-quantum coherence-transfer echo 65 zero-quantum Liouville subspace 367,

370,409 zero-quantum transition 429 zz order 481