References in Spatial Cognition - uni-bremen.de · References in Spatial Cognition – 5 –...

References in Spatial CognitionProject: Axiomatics of Spatial Concepts, University of Hamburg

DFG Priority Programm ‘Spatial Cognition’Date: October 2000Source: ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-hamburg.de/pub/unihh/informatik/WSV/AxiomLit.pdf

or: ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-hamburg.de/pub/unihh/informatik/WSV/AxiomLit.ps

Abkarian, G. G. (1982). Comprehension of deictic locatives: The object ‘behind’ it. Journal ofPsycholinguistic Research, 11, 229–245.

Ahuja, N. (1982). Dot pattern processing using Voronoi neighbourhoods. IEEE Transactionson Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 4, 336–343.

Ahuja, N. & Tuceryan, M. (1989). Extraction of early perceptual structure in dot patterns:integrating region, boundary and component Gestalt. Computer Vision, Graphics andImage Processing, 48, 345–405.

Albert, William S., Rensink, Ronald A. & Beusmans, Jack M. (1999). Learning relativedirections between landmarks in a desktop virtual environment. Spatial Cognition andComputation, 1, 131–144.

Allan, Keith (1995). The anthropocentricity of the English word(s) ‘back’. CognitiveLinguistics, 6, 11–31.

Allen, Gary L. (1997). From knowledge to words to wayfinding: Issues in the production andcomprehension of route directions. In Hirtle, Stephen C. & Frank, Andrew U. (Eds.),Spatial Information Theory. A Theoretical Basis for GIS Lecture Notes in ComputerScience 1329. Berlin: Springer.

Ambler, A. P. & Popplestone, R. J. (1975). Inferring the positions of bodies from specifiedspatial relationships. Artificial Intelligence, 6, 157–174.

Ameka, Felix K. (1995). The linguistic construction of space in Ewe. Cognitive Linguistics, 6,139–181.

Andersen, J. R. (1979). Arguments concerning representations for mental imagery.Psychological Review, 85, 249–277.

Andersen, S. & Kiparsky, P. (Eds.) (1973). A Festschrift for Morris Halle. New York: Holt,Rinehart & Winston.

André, E., Bosch, G., Herzog, G. & Rist, T. (1986). Characterizing trajectories of movingobjects using natural language path descriptions. In Proceedings of the 7th ECAI-86,Brighton

Andrienko, Gennady & Andrienko, Natalia (1999). Data characterization schema forintelligent support in visual data analysis. In Freksa, C. & Mark, D. M. (Eds.), SpatialInformation Theory. Cognitive and Computational Foundations of GeographicInformation Science Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1661. Berlin: Springer.

Asch, Solomon E. & Witkin, H. A. (1948). Studies in space orientation 2. Perception of theupright with displaced visual fields and with body tilted. Journal of ExperimentalPsychology, 38, 455–477.

Asher, Nicholas, Aurnague, Michel, Bras, Myriam & Vieu, Laure (1993). Space, Time andDiscourse. In Anger, F., Guesgen, H. W. & van Benthem, J. (Eds.), IJCAI-93 Workshopon Spatial and Temporal Reasoning Chambéry.

Asher, Nicholas, Aurnague, Michel, Bras, Myriam & Vieu, Laure (1993). Space, Time andDiscourse. In Kamp, Hans & Pustejovski, J. (Eds.), Dagstuhl Seminar on Universals inthe Lexicon Dagstuhl.

Asher, Nicholas, Aurnague, Michel, Bras, Myriam & Vieu, Laure (1995). Spatial, temporaland spatio-temporal locating adverbials in discourse. In Amsili, Pascal, Borillo, Mario

References in Spatial Cognition – 2 –

& Vieu, Laure (Eds.), Time, Space and Movement. Meaning and Knowledge in theSensible World Toulouse: IRIT, Groupe LRC.

Asher, Nicholas & Sablayrolles, Pierre (1994). A compositional semantics for thespatiotemporal properties of motion verbs and spatial PPs in French. Acta LinguisticaHungarica, 42, 247–252.

Asher, Nicholas & Sablayrolles, Pierre (1994). A Compositional SpatioTemporal Semanticsfor French Motion Verbs and Spatial PPs. In The SALT4 Conference on ‘Semantics andLinguistic Theory’ Cornell University Press.

Asher, Nicholas & Sablayrolles, Pierre (1995). A typology and discourse semantics for motionverbs and spatial PPs in French. Journal of Semantics, 12, 163–209.

Asher, Nicholas & Vieu, Laure (1995). Toward a Geometry of Common Sense: A Semanticsand a Complete Axiomatization of Mereotopology. In IJCAI Workshop on Spatial andTemporal Reasoning Montreal.

Atkinson, Janette (1993). A neurobiological approach to the development of ‘where’ and‘what’ systems for spatial representation in human infants. In Eilan, N., McCarthy, R. &Brewer, B. (Eds.), Spatial Representation: Problems in Philosophy and PsychologyOxford: Blackwell.

Attneave, F. (1968). Triangles as ambiguous figures. American Journal of Psychology, 81,447–453.

Aurenhammer, F. (1991). Voronoi diagrams – a survey of a fundamental geometric datastructure. ACM Computing Surveys, 23, 345–405.

Aurnague, Michel (1995). Orientation in French spatial expressions: formal representationsand inferences. Journal of Semantics, 12, 239–267.

Aurnague, Michel, Borillo, Andrée, Borillo, Mario & Vieu, Laure (1993). Some elements fora formal semantics of space in language. In Darski, J. & Vetulani, Z. (Eds.),Proceedings of 26th Colloquium of Linguistics: Language, Computation,Communication Tübingen: Niemeyer.

Aurnague, Michel & Borillo, Mario (1990). A formal semantics for internal localization: Anessay on spatial commonsense knowledge. In Jorrand, P. et al. (Ed.), ProceedingsAIMSA’90 Amsterdam: North Holland.

Aurnague, Michel, Borillo, Mario & Vieu, Laure (1991). A cognitive approach to thesemantics of space. In Kohonen, T. & Fogelman-Soulié, F. (Eds.), Cognitiva 90Amsterdam: North Holland.

Aurnague, Michel & Vieu, Laure (1993). A modular approach to the semantics of space inlanguage. In Third International Cognitive Linguistics Conference Leuven.

Aurnague, Michel & Vieu, Laure (1993). A three-level approach to the semantics of space. InZelinsky-Wibbelt, C. (Ed.), The Semantics of Prepositions: From Mental Processing toNatural Language Processing Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.

Aurnague, Michel & Vieu, Laure (1993). Towards a Formal Representation of Space inLanguage: A Commonsense Reasoning Approach. In Anger, F., Guesgen, H. W. & vanBenthem, J. (Eds.), IJCAI-93 Workshop on Spatial and Temporal Reasoning Chambéry.

Aurnague, Michel & Vieu, Laure (1995). A theory of space-time for natural languagesemantics. Semantics and Pragmatics of Natural Language: Logical and ComputationalAspects. In Proceedings of the Toulouse-Donostia Workshop

Aurnague, Michel, Vieu, Laure, Borillo, Andrée & Borillo, Mario (1992). A formalrepresentation of natural language spatial concepts. In Pribbenow, Simone & Schlieder,Christoph (Eds.), Proceedings of ECAI-92 Workshop on Spatial Concepts Vienna.

Baddely, A. D. & Lieberman, K. (1980). Spatial working memory. In Nickerson, R. (Ed.),Attention and Performance Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Baddely, A. D. & Logie, R. H. (1992). Auditory imagery and working memory. In CADE’92Berlin: Springer.


Bäckström, C. (1990). Logical modeling of simplified geometrical objects and mechanicalassembly processes. In Chen, S. (Ed.), Advances in Spatial Reasoning Norwood, NJ:Ablex.

Bäuerle, Rainer (1997). Relativierung, Perspektivierung, Beschränkung: Als und wie. InUmbach, Carla, Grabski, Michael & Hörnig, Robin (Eds.), Perspektive in Sprache undRaum Wiesbaden: Deutscher Universitätsverlag.

Bailey, C.-J. N. & Shuy, R. W. (Eds.) (1973). New Ways in Analysing Variations in English.Washington: Georgetown University Press.

Baker, M. (1989). Human Navigation and Magnetoreception. Manchester: University ofManchester Press.

Baker, R. (1973). A spatially oriented information processor which simulates the motion ofrigid objects. Artificial Intelligence, 4, 29–40.

Ballmer, Th. & Posner, Roland (Eds.) (1985). Nach-Chomskysche Linguistik. Berlin: deGruyter.

Bankston, Paul (1984). Expressive power in first order topology. The Journal of SymbolicLogic, 49, 478–487.

Bankston, Paul (1990). Taxonomies of model-theoretically defined topological properties. TheJournal of Symbolic Logic, 55, 589–603.

Bar-Hillel, Y. (Ed.) (1965). Proceedings of the 1964 International Congress for Logic,Methodology and Philosophy of Science. Amsterdam: North-Holland PublishingCompany.

Barkowsky, Thomas (1999). Unvollständiges Wissen in der Konstruktion mentaler räumlicherRepräsentationen. In Wachsmuth, I. & Jung, B. (Eds.), KogWis99: Proceedings der 4.Fachtagung der Gesellschaft für Kognitionswissenschaft, Bielefeld, 28. September - 1.Oktober 1999 Sankt Augustin: Infix.

Barkowsky, Thomas & Freksa, Christian (1997). Cognitive requirements on making andinterpreting maps. In Hirtle, Stephen C. & Frank, Andrew U. (Eds.), Spatial InformationTheory. A Theoretical Basis for GIS Lecture Notes in Computer Science 1329. Berlin:Springer.

Barkowsky, Thomas, Freksa, Christian, Berendt, Bettina & Kelter, Stephanie (1997).Aspektkarten – Integriert räumlich-symbolische Repräsentationsstrukturen. In Umbach,Carla, Grabski, Michael & Hörnig, Robin (Eds.), Perspektive in Sprache und RaumWiesbaden: Deutscher Universitätsverlag.

Barkowsky, Thomas, Latecki, Longin Jan & Richter, Kai-Florian (2000). Schematizing maps:Simplification of geographic shape by discrete curve evolution. In Freksa, C., Brauer,W., Habel, C. & Wender, K. F. (Eds.), Spatial Cognition II Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

Barsalou, L. W. (1982). Context-independent and context-dependent information in concepts.Memory and Cognition, 10, 82–93.

Barwise, J. & Etchemendy, J. (1990). Information, infons, and inference. In Cooper, Robin,Mukai, Kuniaki & Perry, John (Eds.), Situation Theory and Its Applications Stanford:CSLI Publications.

Barwise, Jon & Perry, John (1983). Situation and Attitudes. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Basri, R. & Rivlin, E. (1995). Localization and homing using combinations of model views.

Artificial Intelligence, 78, 327–354.Baumgärtner, Klaus (1967). Die Struktur des Bedeutungsfeldes. In Moser, Hugo, Satz und

Wort im heutigen Deutsch Sprache der Gegenwart: Schriften des Instituts für DeutscheSprache in Mannheim 1. Düsseldorf: Schwann.

Becker, A., Carroll, M. & Kelly, A. (Eds.) (1988). Reference to Space. Strasbourg &Heidelberg.

Bedard, Y. (Ed.) (1988). Trends and Concernes of Spatial Sciences. Québec City, Canada:Laval University.


Bennett, D. C. (1975). Spatial and Temporal Uses of English Prepositions: An Essay inStratificational Semantics. London: Longman.

Bennett, David C. (1972). Some Observations Concerning the Locative-DirectionalDistinction. Semiotica, 5, 58–88.

Berendt, Bettina, Barkowsky, Thomas, Freksa, Christian & Kelter, Stephanie (1998). Spatialrepresentation with aspect maps. In Freksa, Christian, Habel, Christopher & Wender,Karl F. (Eds.), Spatial Cognition Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1404. Berlin:Springer.

Berendt, Bettina & Jansen-Osmann, Petra (1997). Feature accumulation and route structuringin distance estimations – An interdisciplinary approach. In Hirtle, Stephen C. & Frank,Andrew U. (Eds.), Spatial Information Theory. A Theoretical Basis for GIS LectureNotes in Computer Science 1329. Berlin: Springer.

Berthoz, A. (1991). Reference frames for the perception and control of movement. In Paillard,J. (Ed.), Brain and Space Oxford: Oxford Science.

Bhushan, Nalini, Rao, A. Ravishankar & Lohse, Gerald L. (1997). The texture lexicon:Understanding the categorization of visual terms and their relationship to textureimages. Cognitive Science, 21 (2), 219–246.

Bickel, Balthasar (1997). Spatial operations in deixis, cognition, and culture: where to orientoneself in Belhare. In Nuyts, Jan & Pederson, Eric (Eds.), Language andConceptualization Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Biederman, I. (1987). Recognition-by-components: A theory of human image understanding.Psychological Review, 94, 115–147.

Bierwisch, M. (1967). Some semantic universals of German adjectivals. Foundations ofLanguage, 3, 1–36.

Bierwisch, Manfred (1983). Semantische und konzeptuelle Repräsentation lexikalischerEinheiten. In Ruzika, R. & Motsch, W. (Eds.), Untersuchungen zur Semantik studiagrammatica. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag.

Bierwisch, Manfred (1984). Dimensionsadjektive: Semantische Struktur und begrifflicheInterpretation. Zeitschrift für Phonetik, Sprachwissenschaften undKommunikationsforschung (ZPSK), 37, 490–512.

Bierwisch, Manfred (1988). On the grammar of local prepositions. In Bierwisch, Manfred,Motsch, W. & Zimmermann, I. (Eds.), Syntax, Semantik und Lexikon studia grammaticaXXIX. Berlin: Akademie Verlag.

Bierwisch, Manfred (1996). How much space gets into language. In Bloom, Paul, Petersen,Mary A., Nadel, Lynn & Garrett, Merrill F. (Eds.), Language and Space Cambridge,MA: The MIT Press.

Bierwisch, Manfred & Lang, Ewald (Eds.) (1988). Dimensional Adjectives: GrammaticalStructure and Conceptual Interpretation. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: SpringerVerlag.

Bierwisch, Manfred, Motsch, W. & Zimmermann, I. (Eds.) (1988). Syntax, Semantik undLexikon. studia grammatica XXIX. Berlin: Akademie Verlag.

Bierwisch, Manfred & Schreuder, Robert (1992). From concepts to lexical items. Cognition,42, 23–62.

Bittner, Thomas (1999). On ontology and epistemology of rough location. In Freksa, C. &Mark, D. M. (Eds.), Spatial Information Theory. Cognitive and ComputationalFoundations of Geographic Information Science Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence1661. Berlin: Springer.

Black, J. B., Turner, T. J. & Bower, G. H. (1979). Point of view in narrative comprehension,memory and production. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 18, 187–198.


Blocher, Anselm & Stopp, Eva (1995). Time-Dependent Generation of Minimal Sets ofSpatial Descriptions. Arbeiten des Sonderforschungsbereich 314. Künstliche Intelligenz– Wissensbasierte Systeme. Bericht Nr. 123. Saarbrücken: Universität des Saarlandes.

Blocher, Anselm & Stopp, Eva (1998). Time-Dependent Generation of Minimal Sets ofSpatial Descriptions. In Olivier, Patrick & Gapp, Klaus-Peter (Eds.), Representation andProcessing of Spatial Expressions Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Blok, Connie (2000). Monitoring change: Characteristics of dynamic geo-spatial phenomenafor visual exploration. In Freksa, C., Brauer, W., Habel, C. & Wender, K. F. (Eds.),Spatial Cognition II Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

Bloom, Paul, Petersen, Mary A., Nadel, Lynn & Garrett, Merrill F. (Eds.) (1996). Languageand Space. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.

Blum, H. (1967). A transformation for extracting new descriptors of shape. In Whaten-Dunn,W. (Ed.), Models for the Perception of Speech and Visual Form Cambridge, Mass:MIT-Press.

Blum, H. (1973). Biological shape and visual science (part I). Journal of Theoretical Biology,38, 205–287.

Blum, H. & Nagel, R. N. (1978). Shape description using weighted symmetric axis features.Pattern Recognition, 10, 167–180.

Bohnemeyer, Jürgen (2000). Constraints on motion event coding: Vectors or path shapes? Invan der Zee, Emile & Slack, Jon (Eds.), Proceedings of the Workshop on Axes andVectors in Language and Space Lincoln, UK: University of Lincolnshire andHumberside.

Borgo, Stefano, Guarino, Nicola & Masolo, Claudio (1996). A pointless theory of space basedon strong connection and congruence. In Aiello, L. C., Doyle, J. & Shapiro, S. C. (Eds.),KR San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann.

Borgo, Stefano, Guarino, Nicola & Masolo, Claudio (1996). Stratified ontologies: The case ofphysical objects. In ECAI-Workshop on Ontological Engeneering

Borgo, Stefano, Guarino, Nicola & Masolo, Claudio (1996). Towards an ontological theory ofphysical objects. In IMACS-ICEE/SMC conference ‘Computational Engeneering inSystems Applications’ (CESA) Lille.

Borgo, Stefano, Guarino, Nicola & Masolo, Claudio (1997). Qualitative Spatial Modellingbased on Parthood, Strong Connection and Congruence. Internal Report 03/96. Padua:University of Padua, LADSEB-CNR.

Borillo, Mario (1992). Formalization of mental representations: The case of space and motion.In Conférence invitée–ECAI Chichester: Wiley.

Borillo, Mario & Sablayrolles, Pierre (1993). The semantics of motion verbs in French. In13th International Conference on Natural Language Processing of Avignon

Borsuk, Karol & Dydak, Jerzy (1980). What is the Theory of Shape? Bull. Austral. Math.Soc., 22, 161–198.

Bosch, Peter (1997). Zur Dynamik kontextueller Konzepte. In Umbach, Carla, Grabski,Michael & Hörnig, Robin (Eds.), Perspektive in Sprache und Raum Wiesbaden:Deutscher Universitätsverlag.

Bosshardt, H. G. (Ed.) (1986). Perspektiven auf Sprache. Berlin: de Gruyter.Bowerman, Melissa (1996). The origin of children’s spatial semantic categories: Cognitive vs

semantic determinants. In Gumperz, J. & Levinson, S. (Eds.), Rethinking LinguisticRelativity Cambridge: Cambridge Univeristy Press.

Braddick, Oliver (1993). Computing ‘where’ and ‘what’ in the visual system. In Eilan, N.,McCarthy, R. & Brewer, B. (Eds.), Spatial Representation: Problems in Philosophy andPsychology Oxford: Blackwell.

Brady, M. & Paul, R. (Eds.) (1984). Robotics Research. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Bras, Myriam & Molinés, Frédérique (1993). Adverbials of temporal location: Linguistic

description and automatic processing. In Darski, J. & Vetulani, Z. (Eds.), Proceedings


of 26th Colloquium of Linguistics: Language, Computation, Communication Tübingen:Niemeyer.

Brewer, Bill (1993). Introduction: Action. In Eilan, N., McCarthy, R. & Brewer, B. (Eds.),Spatial Representation: Problems in Philosophy and Psychology Oxford: Blackwell.

Brewer, Bill (1993). The integration of spatial vision and action. In Eilan, N., McCarthy, R. &Brewer, B. (Eds.), Spatial Representation: Problems in Philosophy and PsychologyOxford: Blackwell.

Brewer, Bill & Pears, Julian (1993). Introduction: Frames of reference. In Eilan, N.,McCarthy, R. & Brewer, B. (Eds.), Spatial Representation: Problems in Philosophy andPsychology Oxford: Blackwell.

Brinkmann, Ursula (1995). The Locative Alternation. Its Structure and Acquisition.Doktorarbeit, Nijmegen: Thesis Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen.

Brooks, L. R. (1967). The suppression of visualization by reading. Quarterly Journal ofExperimental Psychology, 19, 289–299.

Brooks, L. R. (1968). Spatial and verbal components of the act of recall. Canadian Journal ofPsychology, 22, 349–368.

Brooks, R. A. (1984). Planning collision free motion for pick and place operations. In Brady,M. & Paul, R. (Eds.), Robotics Research Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Brown, P. (1994). The INs and ONs of Tzeltal locative expressions: The semantics of staticdescriptions of location. Linguistics, 32, 743–790.

Brown, Penelope & Levinson, Stephen C. (1993). Linguistic and Nonlinguistic Coding ofSpatial Arrays: Explorations in Mayan Cognition. Working Paper No. 24. Nijmegen:Cognitive Anthropology Research Group at the Max Planck Institute forPsycholinguistics.

Brown, Penelope & Levinson, Stephen C. (1993). ‘Uphill’ and ‘downhill’ in Tzeltal. Journalof Linguistic Anthropology, 3 , 46–74.

Bryant, D. J. (1993). Frames of reference in the spatial representation system. Behavioral andBrain Sciences, 16 (2), 241.

Bryant, D. J., Lanca, M. & Tversky, B. (1995). Spatial concepts and perception of physicaland diagrammed scenes. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 81, 531–546.

Bryant, D. J. & Tversky, B. (1999). Mental representations of spatial relations from diagramsand models. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition,25, 137–156.

Bryant, David (1992). A spatial representation system in humans. Psychology, 3, 16.Bryant, David J. (1997). Representing space in language and perception. Mind and Language,

12/3, 239–264.Bryant, David J. (1998). Human Spatial Concepts Reflect Regularities of the Physical World

and Human Body. In Olivier, Patrick & Gapp, Klaus-Peter (Eds.), Representation andProcessing of Spatial Expressions Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Bryant, David J. & Tversky, Barbara (1992). Assessing spatial frameworks with object anddirection probes. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 30 (1), 29–32.

Bryant, David & Tversky, Barbara (1994). Computing Spatial Relations in Diagrammed andModelled Scenes. Report.

Bryant, David, Tversky, Barbara & Franklin, Nancy (1992). Internal and external spatialframeworks for representing described scenes. Journal of Memory and Language, 31,74–98.

Bühler, K. (1934). Sprachtheorie. Die Darstellungsfunktion der Sprache. Stuttgart: Fischer.Bühler, K. (1934). The deictic field of language and deictic words. In Jarvella, R. J. & Klein,

Wolfgang (Eds.), Speech, Place and Action Chichester: Wiley.Bühring, Daniel (1991). Semantische Transparenz und Linking. Linguistische Berichte, 135,

346–374.


Bülthoff, H. H. (1991). Shape from X: Psychophysics and computation. In Landy, M. S. &Movshon, J. A. (Eds.), Computational Models of Visual Processing Cambridge, MA:MIT Press.

Bundy, A. (1978). Will it reach the top? Prediction in the mechanics world. ArtificialIntelligence, 10, 129–146.

Burrough, Peter A. & Frank, Andrew U. (Eds.) (1996). Geographic Objects withIndeterminate Boundaries. London: Taylor & Francis.

Buschbeck-Wolff, Bianka (1995). Konzeptuelle Interpretation und interlinguabasierteÜbersetzung räumlicher Präpositionen. Working paper 15. Heidelberg: IBMDeutschland.

Buxton, Hilary & Howarth, Richard J. (1998). Generating Dynamic Scene Descriptions. InOlivier, Patrick & Gapp, Klaus-Peter (Eds.), Representation and Processing of SpatialExpressions Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Byrne, R. & Johnson-Laird, P. (1989). Spatial reasoning. Journal of Memory and Language,28, 564–575.

Campbell, John (1993). The role of physical objects in spatial thinking. In Eilan, N.,McCarthy, R. & Brewer, B. (Eds.), Spatial Representation: Problems in Philosophy andPsychology Oxford: Blackwell.

Campbell, John (1997). Attention and frames of reference in spatial reasoning: A reply toBryant. Mind and Language, 12 (3–4), 265.

Campbell, R. N. & Smith, P. T. (Eds.) (1978). Recent Advances in the Psychology ofLanguage.

Canny, J. (1988). Constructing roadmaps of semi-algebraic sets I: completeness. ArtificialIntelligence, 37, 203–222.

Cao Yong (1990). Untersuchung zu depiktionalen Darstellungen der Himmelsrichtungen. InFreksa, Christian & Habel, Christopher (Eds.), Repräsentation und Verarbeitungräumlichen Wissens Informatik Fachberichte 245. Berlin: Springer.

Carlson, Laura, Regier, Terry & Covey, Eric S. (2000). Defining spatial relations: reconcilingaxis and vector representations. In van der Zee, Emile & Slack, Jon (Eds.), Proceedingsof the Workshop on Axes and Vectors in Language and Space Lincoln, UK: Universityof Lincolnshire and Humberside.

Carlson-Radvansky, L. A. & Jiang, Y. (1998). Inhibition accompanies reference frameselection. Psychological Science, 9, 386–391.

Carlson-Radvansky, Laura A. & Logan, Gordon D. (1997). The influence of reference frameselection on spatial template construction. Journal of Memory and Language, 37, 411–437.

Carlson-Radvansky, Laura A. & Radvansky, G. A. (1996). The influence of functionalrelations on spatial term selection. Psychological Science, 7, 56–60.

Carlson-Radvansky, Laura & Irwin, David E. (1993). Frames of reference in vision andlanguage: Where is above? Cognition, 46, 223–244.

Carroll, Mary (1997). Changing place in English and German: language-specific preferencesin the conceptualization of spatial relations. In Nuyts, Jan & Pederson, Eric (Eds.),Language and Conceptualization Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Carroll, Mary (2000). Representing path in language production in English and German:Alternative perspectives on figure and ground. In Habel, Christopher & Stutterheim,Christiane von (Eds.), Räumliche Konzepte und sprachliche Strukturen Tübingen:Niemeyer.

Carroll, Mary & Stutterheim, Christiane von (1993). The representation of spatialconfigurations in English and German and the grammatical structure of locative andanaphoric expressions. Linguistics, 31, 1011–1042.


Carstensen, Kai-Uwe (2000). Räumliche Mikroperspektivierung und die Semantik lokalerPräpositionen. In Habel, Christopher & Stutterheim, Christiane von (Eds.), RäumlicheKonzepte und sprachliche Strukturen Tübingen: Niemeyer.

Casakin, Hernan, Barkowsky, Thomas, Klippel, Alexander & Freksa, Christian (2000).Schematic maps as wayfinding aids. In Freksa, C., Brauer, W., Habel, C. & Wender, K.F. (Eds.), Spatial Cognition II Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

Casati, Roberto & Varzi, Achille (1997). Spatial entities. In Stock, Oliviero (Ed.), Spatial andTemporal Reasoning Dordrecht: Kluwer.

Chang, S. K., Jungert, E. & Tortora, G. (Eds.) (1995). Intelligent Image Database Systems.Singapore: World Scientific Publishing.

Chase, Scott C. (1997). Supporting emergence in spatial reasoning with shape algebras andformal logic. In Hirtle, Stephen C. & Frank, Andrew U. (Eds.), Spatial InformationTheory. A Theoretical Basis for GIS Lecture Notes in Computer Science 1329. Berlin:Springer.

Chen, S. (Ed.) (1990). Advances in Spatial Reasoning. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.Chierchia, G., Partee, B. H. & Turner, R. (Eds.) (1978). Properties, Types and Meaning. Vol.

II. Semantic Issues. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.Choi, Soonja & Bowerman, Melissa (1991). Learning to express motion events in English and

Korean: The influence of language-specific lexicalization patterns. Cognition, 41, 83–121.

Chomsky, Noam (1986). Knowledge of Language. Its Nature, Origin, and Use. N.Y.: Praeger.Christensen, A. H. J. (1986). Parallel pairs in automated cartography. Cartographica, 23, 62–

78.Christou, Chris & Bülthoff, Heinrich H. (2000). Using realistic virtual environments in the

study of spatial encoding. In Freksa, C., Brauer, W., Habel, C. & Wender, K. F. (Eds.),Spatial Cognition II Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

Clark, H. H. (1973). Space, semantics and the child. In Moore, T. E. (Ed.), CognitiveDevelopment and the Acquisition of Language New York: Academic Press.

Claus, Berry, Eyferth, Klaus, Gips, Carsten, Hörnig, Robin, Schmid, Ute, Wiebrock, Sylvia &Wysotzki, Fritz (1998). Reference frames for spatial inference in text understanding. InFreksa, Christian, Habel, Christopher & Wender, Karl F. (Eds.), Spatial CognitionLecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1404. Berlin: Springer.

Cohen, D. & Kubovy, M. (1993). Mental rotation, mental representation, and flat slopes.Cognitive Psychology, 25, 351–382.

Cohn, Anthony G., Bennett, Brandon, Gooday, John & Gotts, Nicholas Mark (1997).Representing and reasoning with qualitative spatial relations about regions. In Stock,Oliviero (Ed.), Spatial and Temporal Reasoning Dordrecht: Kluwer.

Cohn, Anthony G. & Varzi, Achille C. (1999). Modes of connection. In Freksa, C. & Mark,D. M. (Eds.), Spatial Information Theory. Cognitive and Computational Foundations ofGeographic Information Science Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1661. Berlin:Springer.

Compes, Isabel (2000). Textfunktionen deiktischer Direktionalpartikeln im Samoanischen. InHabel, Christopher & Stutterheim, Christiane von (Eds.), Räumliche Konzepte undsprachliche Strukturen Tübingen: Niemeyer.

Cooper, Lynn A. & Munger, Margaret P. (1993). Extrapolating and remembering positionsalong cognitive trajectories: Uses and limitations of analogies to physical motion. InEilan, N., McCarthy, R. & Brewer, B. (Eds.), Spatial Representation: Problems inPhilosophy and Psychology Oxford: Blackwell.

Cooper, Robin, Mukai, Kuniaki & Perry, John (Eds.) (1990). Situation Theory and ItsApplications. Stanford: CSLI Publications.

Couclelis, H., Golledge, R. G., Gale, N. & Tobler, W. (1987). Exploring the anchor-pointhypothesis of spatial cognition. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 7, 99–122.


Couclelis, Helen & Gottsegen, Jon (1997). What maps mean to people: Denotation,connotation, and geographic visualization. In Hirtle, Stephen C. & Frank, Andrew U.(Eds.), Spatial Information Theory. A Theoretical Basis for GIS Lecture Notes inComputer Science 1329. Berlin: Springer.

Coventry, Kenny (2000). Spatial prepositions, spatial templates and ‘Semantic’ versus‘pragmatic’ visual representations. In van der Zee, Emile & Slack, Jon (Eds.),Proceedings of the Workshop on Axes and Vectors in Language and Space Lincoln, UK:University of Lincolnshire and Humberside.

Coventry, Kenny R. (1998). Spatial Prepositions, Functional Relations, and LexicalSpecification. In Olivier, Patrick & Gapp, Klaus-Peter (Eds.), Representation andProcessing of Spatial Expressions Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Coventry, Kenny R. (1999). Function, geometry and spatial prepositions: Three experiments.Spatial Cognition and Computation, 1, 145–154.

Coventry, Kenny R., Carmichael, Richard & Garrod, Simon C. (1994). Spatial prepositions,object-specific function, and task requirements. Journal of Semantics, 11, 289–309.

Cox, M. V., Batra, P. & Singhal, S. (1981). A cross-cultural study of young children’sunderstanding of spatial prepositions. International Journal of Behavioral Development,4, 469–476.

Cox, M. V. & Isard, S. (1990). Children’s deictic and nondeictic interpretations of the spatiallocatives ‘in front of’ and ‘behind’. Journal of Child Language, 17, 481–488.

Crangle, C. (1989). On saying ‘stop’ to a robot. Language and Communication, 9.Crangle, Colleen & Suppes, Patrick (1987). Context-fixing semantics for instructable robots.

International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, 27, 371–400.Crangle, Colleen & Suppes, Patrick (1989). Geometrical semantics for spatial prepositions.

Midwest Studies in Philosophy XIV, , 399–422.Cresswell, M. (1978). On the semantic content of the notion of ‘Thematic Role’. In Chierchia,

G., Partee, B. H. & Turner, R. (Eds.), Properties, Types and Meaning Dordrecht:Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Cresswell, M. J. (1978). Prepositions and points of view. Linguistics and Philosophy, 2, 1–41.Cresswell, M. J. (1979). Adverbs of space and time. In Guenthner, F. & Schmidt, S. J. (Eds.),

Formal Semantics and Pragmatics for Natural Languages Dordrecht: Reidel.Cresswell, M. J. (1991). Adverbial Modification in l-Categorial Languages. In Stechow,

Arnim von & Wunderlich, Dieter (Eds.), Semantik Berlin/New York: de Gruyter.Curiel, Jacqueline M. & Radvansky, Gabriel A. (1998). Mental organization of maps. Journal

of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 24, 202–214.Cuyckens, Hubert (1995). Family resemblance in the Dutch spatial prepositions ‘door’ and

‘langs’. Cognitive Linguistics, 6, 183–207.Dabrowski, A., Moss, L. S. & Parikh, R. (1996). Topological reasoning and the logic of

knowledge. Annals of Pure and Applied Logic, 78, 73–110.Dancy, J., Moravcsik, J. & Taylor, C. (Eds.) (1988). Human Agency: Language, Duty, and

Value. Stanford, CA.Danziger, Eve (1993). Getting from Here to There: Right, Left and Deictic Motion in Mopan

Maya Child Language. Working Paper No. 22. Nijmegen: Cognitive AnthropologyResearch Group at the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics.

Danziger, Eve (1994). As fresh Meat loves Salt: The Logic of Possessive Relationships inMopan Maya. Working Paper No. 30. Nijmegen: Cognitive Anthropology ResearchGroup at the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics.

Danziger, Eve (1994). Out of sight, out of mind: Person, perception and function in MopanMaya spatial deixis. Linguistics, 32, 885–907.

Dar, Tzachi, Joskowicz, Leo & Rivlin, Ehud (1999). Understanding mechanical motion: Fromimages to behaviours. Artificial Intelligence, 112, 147–179.


Davidson, D. (1967). The logical form of action sentences. In Rescher, N. (Ed.), The Logic ofDecision and Action Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.

Denis, M. (1997). The description of routes: A cognitive approach to the production of spatialdiscourse. Cahiers de Psychologie Cognitive, 16, 409–458.

Denny, J. Peter (1985). Was ist universal am raumdeiktischen Lexikon. In Schweizer, Harro(Ed.), Sprache und Raum Stuttgart: Metzler.

Di Tomaso, Vittorio, Lombardo, Vincenzo & Lesmo, Leonardo (1998). A ComputationalModel for the Interpretation of Static Locative Expressions. In Olivier, Patrick & Gapp,Klaus-Peter (Eds.), Representation and Processing of Spatial Expressions Mahwah,New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Dickinson, Anthony & Balleine, Bernard (1993). Actions and responses: The dual psychologyof behaviour. In Eilan, N., McCarthy, R. & Brewer, B. (Eds.), Spatial Representation:Problems in Philosophy and Psychology Oxford: Blackwell.

Diersch, H. (1972). Verben der Fortbewegung in der deutschen Sprache der Gegenwart. EineUntersuchung zu syntagmatischen und paradigmatischen Beziehungen des Wortinhalts.Berlin: Akademie-Verlag.

DiMeola, Claudio (1994). Kommen und gehen. Eine kognitiv-linguistische Untersuchung derPolysemie deiktischer Bewegungsverben. Tübingen: Gunter und Narr.

DiMeola, Claudio (1998). Semantisch relevante und semantisch irrelevante Kasusalternativenam Beispiel von entlang. Zeitschrift für Sprachwissenschaft, 17, 204–235.

Dittrich, S. & Herrmann, T. (1990). Der Dom steht hinter dem Fahrrad – Intendiertes Objektoder Relatum. Arbeiten aus dem SFB 245. Sprechen und Sprachverstehen im sozialenKontext. Mannheim: Universität Mannheim.

Donald, Bruce R. (1987). A search algorithm for motion planning with six degrees offreedom. Artificial Intelligence, 31, 295–353.

Donald, Bruce R. (1988). A geometric approach to error detection and recovery for robotmotion planning with uncertainty. Artificial Intelligence, 37, 223–271.

Dorling, Daniel & Fairbairn, David (1997). Mapping. Ways of Representing the World.Edinburgh: Longman.

Dowty, David (1991). Thematic Proto-Roles and Argument Selection. Language, 67/3, 547–619.

Dürscheid, Chr., Ramers, K. H. & Schwarz, M. (Eds.) (1997). Sprache im Fokus. Festschriftfür Heinz Vater zum 65. Geburtstag. Tübingen: Niemeyer.

Dutke, S. (1993). Mentale Modelle beim Erinnern sprachlich beschriebener räumlicherAnordnungen: Zur Interaktion von Gedächtnisschemata und Textrepräsentation.Zeitschrift für experimentelle und angewandte Psychologie, 40, 44–71.

Dutta, S. (1991). Approximate spatial reasoning: integrating qualitative and quantitativeconstraints. International Journal of Approximate Reasoning, 5, 307–331.

Eastman, C. M. (1973). Automated space planing. Artificial Intelligence, 4, 41–64.Edwards, G. (1992). Spatial knowledge for image understanding. In Mark, D. & Frank, A.

(Eds.), Cognitive and Linguistic Aspects of Geographic Space Kluwer Press.Edwards, Geoffrey (1993). The Voronoi model and cultural space: Applications to the social

sciences and humanities. In Frank, Andrew U. & Campari, Irene (Eds.), SpatialInformation Theory. A Theoretical Basis for GIS Lecture Notes in Computer Science716. Berlin: Springer.

Edwards, Geoffrey & Moulin, Bernard (1998). Toward the Simulation of Spatial MentalImages Using the Voronoï Model. In Olivier, Patrick & Gapp, Klaus-Peter (Eds.),Representation and Processing of Spatial Expressions Mahwah, New Jersey: LawrenceErlbaum Associates.

Egenhofer, M. (1994). Deriving the composition of binary topological relations. Journal ofVisual Languages and Computing, 5, 133–149.


Egenhofer, M. J. (1989). A formal definition of binary topological relationships. In Litwin, W.& Schenk, H.-J. (Eds.), Third International Conference on Foundations of DataOrganization and Algorithms Lecture Notes in Computer Science 367. Berlin: Springer.

Egenhofer, M. J. & Frank, A. (1989). Object-oriented modelling in GIS: Inheritance andpropagation. In Proceedings of 9th Auto-Carto, Baltimore

Egenhofer, M. J. & Herring, J. (1994). Categorizing topological spatial relations betweenpoint, line, and area objects. In Egenhofer, M. J. & Herring, J., The 9-Intersection:Formalism and Its Use for Natural Language Spatial Predicates Santa Barbara:National Center for Geografic Information and Analysis.

Egenhofer, M. J. & Herring, J. (1994). The 9-Intersection: Formalism and Its Use for NaturalLanguage Spatial Predicates. Technical Report 94-1. Santa Barbara: National Center forGeografic Information and Analysis.

Egenhofer, Max J. (1997). Query processing in spatial-query-by-sketch. Journal of VisualLanguages and Computing, 8, 493–424.

Egenhofer, Max J. & Rodríguez, M. Andrea (1999). Relation algebras over containers andsurfaces: An ontological study of a room space. Spatial Cognition and Computation, 1,155–180.

Egg, Markus (1995). The intergressive as a new category of verbal aktionsart. Journal ofSemantics, 12, 311–356.

Ehrich, K. & Koster, C. (1983). Discourse organization and sentence form: The structure ofroom descriptions in Dutch. Discourse Processes, 6, 169–195.

Ehrich, Veronika (1992). Hier und Jetzt. Studien zur lokalen und temporalen Deixis imDeutschen. Tübingen.

Ehrich, Veronika (1996). Verbbedeutung und Verbgrammatik: Transportverben imDeutschen. In Lang, Ewald & Zifonun, G. (Eds.), Deutsch-typologisch Berlin: Walter deGruyter.

Ehrich, Veronika (1997). Wertsteigerung und Wertverlust – Die Veränderung der Valenz. InDürscheid, Chr., Ramers, K. H. & Schwarz, M. (Eds.), Sprache im Fokus Tübingen:Niemeyer.

Ehrlich, K. & Johnson-Laird, P. N. (1982). Spatial descriptions and referential continuity.Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 21, 296–306.

Eilan, N., McCarthy, R. & Brewer, B. (Eds.) (1993). Spatial Representation: Problems inPhilosophy and Psychology. Oxford: Blackwell.

Eilan, Naomi (1993). Introduction: Intuitive physics. In Eilan, N., McCarthy, R. & Brewer, B.(Eds.), Spatial Representation: Problems in Philosophy and Psychology Oxford:Blackwell.

Eilan, Naomi (1993). Introduction: Spatial representation in the sensory modalities. In Eilan,N., McCarthy, R. & Brewer, B. (Eds.), Spatial Representation: Problems in Philosophyand Psychology Oxford: Blackwell.

Eilan, Naomi (1993). Molyneux’s question and the idea of an external world. In Eilan, N.,McCarthy, R. & Brewer, B. (Eds.), Spatial Representation: Problems in Philosophy andPsychology Oxford: Blackwell.

Einstein, A. (1954). Introduction to M. Jammer, Concepts of space: The history of theories ofspace in physics. In Jammer, M., Concepts of Space: The History of Theories of Spacein Physics Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Eisenkolb, Andreas, Musto, Alexandra, Schill, Kerstin, Hernández, Daniel & Brauer, Wilfried(1998). Representational levels for the perception of the courses of motion. In Freksa,Christian, Habel, Christopher & Wender, Karl F. (Eds.), Spatial Cognition LectureNotes in Artificial Intelligence 1404. Berlin: Springer.

Eisenkolb, Andreas, Schill, Kerstin, Röhrbein, Florian, Baier, Volker, Musto, Alexandra &Brauer, Wilfried (2000). Visual processing and representation of spatio-temporal


patterns. In Freksa, C., Brauer, W., Habel, C. & Wender, K. F. (Eds.), Spatial CognitionII Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

El-Geresy, B. A. & Abdelmoty, A. I. (1997). Order in space: A general formalism for spatialreasoning. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence Tools, 6, 423–450.

Ellis, Christopher D. & Johnston, Douglas M. (1999). Qualitative spatial representation forsituational awareness and spatial decision support. In Freksa, C. & Mark, D. M. (Eds.),Spatial Information Theory. Cognitive and Computational Foundations of GeographicInformation Science Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1661. Berlin: Springer.

Epstein, Susan L. (1997). Spatial representation for pragmatic navigation. In Hirtle, StephenC. & Frank, Andrew U. (Eds.), Spatial Information Theory. A Theoretical Basis for GISLecture Notes in Computer Science 1329. Berlin: Springer.

Epstein, Susan L. (1998). Pragmatic navigation: reactivity, heuristics, and search. ArtificialIntelligence, 100, 275–321.

Eschenbach, C., Habel, Ch. & Smith, B. (Eds.) (1994). Topological Foundations of CognitiveScience. Papers from the Workshop at the FISI-CS, Buffalo, NY. July 9–10, 1994.Graduiertenkolleg Kognitionswissenschaft. Bericht Nr. 37. Hamburg: UniversitätHamburg.

Eschenbach, Carola (1994). A mereotopological definition of ‘point’. In Eschenbach, C.,Habel, Ch. & Smith, B. (Eds.), Topological Foundations of Cognitive ScienceGraduiertenkolleg Kognitionswissenschaft Bericht Nr. 37. Hamburg: UniversitätHamburg.

Eschenbach, Carola, Habel, Christopher & Kulik, Lars (1999). Representing simpletrajectories as oriented curves. In Kumar, Amruth N. & Russell, Ingrid (Eds.), FLAIRSOrlando, Florida.

Eschenbach, Carola, Habel, Christopher, Kulik, Lars & Leßmöllmann, Annette (1998). Shapenouns and shape concepts: A geometry for ‘corner’. In Freksa, Christian, Habel,Christopher & Wender, Karl F. (Eds.), Spatial Cognition Lecture Notes in ArtificialIntelligence 1404. Berlin: Springer.

Eschenbach, Carola & Heydrich, Wolfgang (1995). Classical mereology and restricteddomains. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 43, 723–740.

Eschenbach, Carola & Kulik, Lars (1997). An axiomatic approach to the spatial relationsunderlying ‘left’–‘right’ and ‘in front of’–‘behind’. In Brewka, G., Habel, C. & Nebel,B., Advances in Artificial Intelligence Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1303.Berlin: Springer.

Eschenbach, Carola & Schill, Kerstin (1999). Studying spatial cognition: A report on the DFGworkshop on ‘The representation of Motion’. Künstliche Intelligenz, 3/99, 57–58.

Eschenbach, Carola, Tschander, Ladina, Habel, Christopher & Kulik, Lars (2000). Lexicalspecifications of paths. In Freksa, C., Brauer, W., Habel, C. & Wender, K. F. (Eds.),Spatial Cognition II Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

Escrig, M. Teresa & Toledo, Francisco (1998). A framework based on CLP extended withCHRs for reasoning with qualitative orientation and positional information. Journal ofVisual Languages and Computing, 9, 81–101.

Farrell, W. S. (1979). Coding left and right. Journal of Experimental Psychology: HumanPerception and Performance, 5, 42–51.

Felix, S. W., Habel, C. & Rickheit, G. (Eds.) (1994). Kognitive Linguistik. Repräsentationenund Prozesse. Opladen: Westdeutscher Verlag.

Fillmore, Ch. J. (1971). Toward a theory of deixis. Working Papers in Linguistics, 3, 219–242.

Fillmore, Charles J. (1971). Some problems for case grammar. In O’Brien, R. J. (Ed.),Georgetown University Monograph Series on Language and Linguistics Washington,DC: Georgetown UP.


Fillmore, Charles J. (1971). Types of lexical information. In Steinberg, D. D. & Jakobovits, L.A. (Eds.), Semantics Cambridge: Cambridge UP.

Fillmore, Charles J. (1997). Lectures on Deixis. Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications.Fontaine, Sylvie & Denis, Michel (1999). The production of route instructions in underground

and urban environments. In Freksa, C. & Mark, D. M. (Eds.), Spatial InformationTheory. Cognitive and Computational Foundations of Geographic Information ScienceLecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1661. Berlin: Springer.

Forbus, K. D., Nielsen, P. & Faltings, B. (1991). Qualitative spatial reasoning: The clockproject. Artificial Intelligence, 51, 417–471.

Forrest, Peter (1984). Is motion change of location? Analysis, 44, 177–178.Fraczak, Lidia (1998). Generating ‘Mental Maps’ From Route Descriptions. In Olivier,

Patrick & Gapp, Klaus-Peter (Eds.), Representation and Processing of SpatialExpressions Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Frank, A. U., Campari, I. & Formentini, U. (Eds.) (1992). Theories and Methods of Spatio-Temporal Reasoning in Geographic Space. Proceedings of ‘GIS – From Space toTerritory: Theories and Methods of Spatio-Temporal Reasoning’. Lecture Notes inComputer Science 639. Berlin: Springer.

Frank, Andrew U. (1992). Qualitative spatial reasoning about distances and directions ingeographic space. Journal of Visual Languages and Computing, 3, 343–371.

Frank, Andrew U. (1996). The prevalence of objects with sharp boundaries in GIS. InBurrough, Peter A. & Frank, Andrew U. (Eds.), Geographic Objects with IndeterminateBoundaries London: Taylor & Francis.

Frank, Andrew U. (1998). Formal models for cognition - taxonomy of spatial locationdescription and frames of reference. In Freksa, Christian, Habel, Christopher & Wender,Karl F. (Eds.), Spatial Cognition Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1404. Berlin:Springer.

Frank, Andrew U. (2000). Spatial communication with maps: Defining the correctness ofmaps using a multi-agent simulation. In Freksa, C., Brauer, W., Habel, C. & Wender, K.F. (Eds.), Spatial Cognition II Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

Frank, Andrew U. & Campari, Irene (Eds.) (1993). Spatial Information Theory. A TheoreticalBasis for GIS. Proceedings of COSIT’93. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 716.Berlin: Springer.

Frank, Andrew U. (Ed.) (1995). Geografic Information Systems. Materials for a Post-Graduate Course. Vol. 1. Spatial Information. GeoInfo/COMETT Series. Vienna:Technical University Vienna, Department of Geoinformation.

Frank, Andrew U. & Kuhn, Werner (Eds.) (1995). Spatial Information Theory. A TheoreticalBasis for GIS. Proceedings of COSIT’95. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 988.Berlin: Springer.

Frank, Andrew U. & Raubal, Martin (1999). Formal specification of image schemata – a steptowards interoperability in geographic information systems. Spatial Cognition andComputation, 1, 67–101.

Franklin, N., Henkel, L. A. & Zangas, T. (1995). Parsing surrounding spaces into regions.Memory and Cognition, 23, 397–407.

Franklin, Nancy & Tversky, Barbara (1990). Searching imagined environments. Journal ofExperimental Psychology: General, 119 (1), 63–76.

Franklin, Nancy, Tversky, Barbara & Coon, Vicky (1992). Switching points of view in spatialmental models. Memory and Cognition, 20 (5), 507–518.

Freeman, J. (1975). The modelling of spatial relations. Computer Graphics and ImageProcessing, 4, 156.

Freksa, C., Brauer, W., Habel, C. & Wender, K. F. (Eds.) (2000). Spatial Cognition II.Integrating Abstract Theories, Empirical Studies, Formal Methods, and PracticalApplications. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.


Freksa, C., Jantzen, M. & Valk, R. (Eds.) (1997). Foundations of Computer Science. Potential– Theory – Cognition. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 1337. Berlin: Springer.

Freksa, C. & Mark, D. M. (Eds.) (1999). Spatial Information Theory. Cognitive andComputational Foundations of Geographic Information Science. Proceedings ofCOSIT’99. Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1661. Berlin: Springer.

Freksa, Christian (1991). Qualitative spatial reasoning. In Mark, David M. & Frank, AndrewU. (Eds.), NATO Advanced Study Institute on Cognitive and Linguistic Aspects ofGeographic Space Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Freksa, Christian (1992). Using orientation information for qualitative spatial reasoning. InFrank, A. U., Campari, I. & Formentini, U. (Eds.), Theories and Methods of Spatio-Temporal Reasoning in Geographic Space Lecture Notes in Computer Science 639.Berlin: Springer.

Freksa, Christian (1997). Spatial and temporal structures in cognitive processes. In Freksa, C.,Jantzen, M. & Valk, R. (Eds.), Foundations of Computer Science Lecture Notes inComputer Science 1337. Berlin: Springer.

Freksa, Christian (1999). ‘Links vor’ – Prototyp oder Gebiet? Probabilistische undpossibilistische Raumbeschreibung. In Rickheit, G. (Ed.), Richtungen im RaumWiesbaden: Deutscher Universitätsverlag.

Freksa, Christian & Habel, Christopher (1990). Warum interessiert sich dieKognitionsforschung für die Darstellung räumlichen Wissens? In Freksa, Christian &Habel, Christopher (Eds.), Repräsentation und Verarbeitung räumlichen WissensInformatik Fachberichte 245. Berlin: Springer.

Freksa, Christian & Habel, Christopher (Eds.) (1990). Repräsentation und Verarbeitungräumlichen Wissens. Informatik Fachberichte 245. Berlin: Springer.

Freksa, Christian, Habel, Christopher & Wender, Karl F. (Eds.) (1998). Spatial Cognition. AnInterdisciplinary Approach to Representing and Processing Spatial Knowledge. LectureNotes in Artificial Intelligence 1404. Berlin: Springer.

Freksa, Christian, Moratz, Reinhard & Barkowsky, Thomas (2000). Schematic maps for robotnavigation. In Freksa, C., Brauer, W., Habel, C. & Wender, K. F. (Eds.), SpatialCognition II Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

French, Peter A., Uehling, Theodore E., Jr. & Wettstein, Howard K. (Eds.) (1989). MidwestStudies in Philosophy XIV. Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of LanguageII. Notre Dame, Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press.

Friederici, A. & Levelt, W. J. M. (1990). Spatial reference in weightlessness: Perceptualfactors and mental representations. Perception and Psychophysics, 47(3), 253–266.

Frisson, Steven, Sandra, Dominiek, Brisard, Frank, van Rillaer, Gert & Cuyckens, Hubert(1998). Flexible semantic processing of spatial prepositions. Journal of Semantics, 15,191–214.

Fuhr, Thomas, Socher, Gudrun, Scheering, Christian & Sagerer, Gerhard (1998). A Three-Dimensional Spatial Model for the Interpretation of Image Data. In Olivier, Patrick &Gapp, Klaus-Peter (Eds.), Representation and Processing of Spatial ExpressionsMahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Funt, B. V. (1980). Problem-solving with diagrammatic representations. ArtificialIntelligence, 13, 201–230.

Gagnon, Michel & Bras, Myriam (1995). Towards a Representation of Time to ProcessTemporal Location Adverbials. In IJCAI Workshop on Spatial and Temporal ReasoningMontreal.

Galton, A. (1995). Towards a qualitative theory of movement. In Frank, Andrew U. & Kuhn,Werner (Eds.), Spatial Information Theory. A Theoretical Basis for GIS Lecture Notesin Computer Science 988. Berlin: Springer.


Galton, Antony (1997). Continuous change in spatial regions. In Hirtle, Stephen C. & Frank,Andrew U. (Eds.), Spatial Information Theory. A Theoretical Basis for GIS LectureNotes in Computer Science 1329. Berlin: Springer.

Galton, Antony (1997). Space, time, and movement. In Stock, Oliviero (Ed.), Spatial andTemporal Reasoning Dordrecht: Kluwer.

Galton, Antony (1999). The mereotopology of discrete space. In Freksa, C. & Mark, D. M.(Eds.), Spatial Information Theory. Cognitive and Computational Foundations ofGeographic Information Science Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1661. Berlin:Springer.

Gambarotto, Pierre & Muller, Philippe (2000). Ontological problems for the semantics ofspatial expressions in natural language. In van der Zee, Emile & Slack, Jon (Eds.),Proceedings of the Workshop on Axes and Vectors in Language and Space Lincoln, UK:University of Lincolnshire and Humberside.

Gapp, K.-P. (1995). Angle, distance, shape, and their relations to projective relations. InProceedings of the Seventeenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science SocietyMahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Gapp, K.-P. (1996). Ein Objektlokalisationssystem zur sprachlichen Raumbeschreibung indreidimensionalen Umgebungen. Doktorarbeit, Saarbrücken: Universität desSaarlandes.

Gapp, K.-P. (1996). Selection of best reference objects in object localizations. In Proc. of theAAAI Spring Symposium on Cognitive and Computational Models of SpatialRepresentation Stanford, CA.

Gapp, Klaus-Peter (1995). Object localization: Selection of optimal reference objects. InFrank, Andrew U. & Kuhn, Werner (Eds.), Spatial Information Theory. A TheoreticalBasis for GIS Lecture Notes in Computer Science 988. Berlin: Springer.

Gapp, Klaus-Peter (1997). Objektlokalisation. Ein System zur sprachlichenRaumbeschreibung. Studien zur Kognitionswissenschaft. Wiesbaden: DeutscherUniversitätsverlag.

Garnham, A. (1989). A unified theory of meaning of some spatial relational terms. Cognition,31, 45–60.

Gehrke, Jörg & Hommel, Bernhard (1998). The impact of exogenous factors on spatial codingin perception and memory. In Freksa, Christian, Habel, Christopher & Wender, Karl F.(Eds.), Spatial Cognition Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1404. Berlin: Springer.

Gelsey, Andrew & McDermott, Drew (1990). Spatial reasoning about mechanics. In Chen, S.(Ed.), Advances in Spatial Reasoning Norwood, NJ: Ablex.

Gerling, Martin & Orthen, Norbert (1979). Deutsche Zustands- und Bewegungsverben. EineUntersuchung zu ihrer semantischen Struktur und Valenz. Tübingen: Gunter NarrVerlag.

Gero, John S. (1999). Representation and reasoning about shapes: cognitive andcomputational studies in visual reasoning in design. In Freksa, C. & Mark, D. M. (Eds.),Spatial Information Theory. Cognitive and Computational Foundations of GeographicInformation Science Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1661. Berlin: Springer.

Gibbs, Raymond W. jr., Beitel, Dinara A., Harrington, Michael & Sanders, Paul E. (1994).Taking a stand on the meaning of stand: Bodily experience as a motivation forpolysemy. Journal of Semantics, 11, 231–251.

Gibet, S., Richardson, J., Lebourque, T. & Braffort, A. A. (1998). Corpus of 3D naturalmovements and sign language primitives of movement. In Wachsmuth, I. & Fröhlich,M. (Eds.), Gesture and Sign Language in Human-Computer Interaction Berlin:Springer-Verlag.

Glasgow, J. I. (1994). Spatial reasoning in indeterminate worlds. In AAAI Menlo/Cambridge:AAAI Press/ The MIT Press.


Godenschweger, Frank, Strothotte, Thomas & Wagener, Hubert (1998). Rendering gestures asline drawings. In Wachsmuth, I. & Fröhlich, M. (Eds.), Gesture and Sign Language inHuman-Computer Interaction Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

Görz, G. (Ed.) (1993). Einführung in die künstliche Intelligenz. Bonn: Addison-Wesley.Gold, Christopher M. (1988). Further research on Voronoi diagrams – a common basis for

many applications. In Bedard, Y. (Ed.), Trends and Concernes of Spatial SciencesQuébec City, Canada: Laval University.

Gold, Christopher M. (1989). Surface interpolation, spatial adjacency and G.I.S. In Raper, J.(Ed.), Three Dimensional Applications in Geographic Information Systems London:Taylor and Francis.

Gold, Christopher M. (1990). Space revisited – back to the basics. In Proceedings of theFourth International Symposium on Spatial Data Handling Zurich.

Gold, Christopher M. (1991). Problems with handling spatial data – the Voronoi approach.CISM Journal, 45, 65–80.

Gold, Christopher M. (1992). The meaning of ‘neighbour’. In Frank, A. U., Campari, I. &Formentini, U. (Eds.), Theories and Methods of Spatio-Temporal Reasoning inGeographic Space Lecture Notes in Computer Science 639. Berlin: Springer.

Golledge, Reginald G. (1992). Do people understand spatial concepts: The case of first-orderprimitives. In Frank, A. U., Campari, I. & Formentini, U. (Eds.), Theories and Methodsof Spatio-Temporal Reasoning in Geographic Space Lecture Notes in ComputerScience 639. Berlin: Springer.

Goodale, M. A. & Haffenden, A. (1998). Frames of reference for perception and action in thehuman visual system. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 22 (2), 161.

Gosztonyi, A. (1976). Der Raum: Geschichte seiner Probleme in Philosophie undWissenschaften. Freiburg i. Br.: Alber.

Gottlieb, G. L. (1995). Speakers, addressees, and frames of reference: Whose effort isminimized in conversations about locations? Discourse Processes, 20 (2), 219.

Goyal, Roop K. & Egenhofer, Max J. (2000). Consistent queries over cordinal directionsacross different levels of detail. In Tjoa, A. M., Wagner, R. & Al-Zobaidie, A. (Eds.),11th International Workshop on Database and Expert Systems Applications,Greenwich, UK IEEE Computer Society.

Grabowski, J. (1999). Raumrelationen. Kognitive Auffassung und sprachlicher Ausdruck.Opladen: Westdeutscher Verlag.

Grabowski, J. & Weiß, P. (1996). Das Präpositionsinventar als Determinante des Verstehensvon Raumpräpositionen: vor und hinter in fünf Sprachen. In Lang, Ewald & Zifonun, G.(Eds.), Deutsch-typologisch Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.

Grabowski, J. & Weiß, P. (1996). The prepositional inventory of languages: A factor thataffects comrehension of spatial prepositions. Language Sciences, 18, 19–35.

Grabowski, Joachim (1994). Kommunikative Unschärfe. Zur Rezeption und Produktion vonRichtungspräpositionen am Beispiel von ‘vor’ und ‘hinter’. In Kornadt, H.-J.,Grabowski, J. & Mangold-Allwinn, R. (Eds.), Sprache und Kognition Heidelberg:Spektrum Akademischer Verlag.

Grabowski, Joachim (1998). Ein psychologisch-anthropomorphologisches Model dereinheitlichen semantischen Beschreibung dimensionaler Präpositionen. In Ludewig, P.& Geurts, B. (Eds.), Lexikalische Semantik aus kognitiver Sicht Tübingen: Gunter NarrVerlag.

Grabowski, Joachim (2000). Ein psychologisch-onomasiologischer Ansatz zur Auffasssungräumlicher Objektrelationen und ihrem sprachlichen Ausdruck: Inklusion und Kontakt.Kognitionswissenschaft, 9, 63–76.

Grabski, Michael (1997). Perspektive in der Semantik von Wahrnehmungsverben. InUmbach, Carla, Grabski, Michael & Hörnig, Robin (Eds.), Perspektive in Sprache undRaum Wiesbaden: Deutscher Universitätsverlag.


Graziano, M. S. A. & Gross, C. G. (1994). Mapping space with neurons. Current Directionsin Psychological Science, 3, 164–167.

Greenberg, Joseph H., Ferguson, Charles A. & Moravcsik, Edith A. (Eds.) (1978). Universalsof Human Language. Volume 3: Word Structure. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

Grimm, Jakob und Wilhelm (1983). Deutsches Wörterbuch. Leipzig: Hirzel.Gross, M., Halle, M. & Schützenberger, M.-P. (Eds.) (1973). The Formal Analysis of Natural

Languages. Proceedings of the First International Conference. Paris.Gruber, Jeffery (1967). Look and see. Language, 43, 937–947.Guarino, Nicola (1997). Some Organizing Principles for a Unified Top-Level Ontology.

Internal Report 02/97. Padua: LANDSEB-CNR.Guarino, Nicola (1997). Understanding, building, and using ontologies. A commentary to

‘Using Explicit Ontologies in KBS Development’ by van Heijst, Schreiber, andWielinga. International Journal of Human and Computer Studies, 46, 2/3, 293–310.

Guarino, Nicola (1999). The role of identity conditions in ontology design. In Freksa, C. &Mark, D. M. (Eds.), Spatial Information Theory. Cognitive and ComputationalFoundations of Geographic Information Science Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence1661. Berlin: Springer.

Guenthner, F. & Schmidt, S. J. (Eds.) (1979). Formal Semantics and Pragmatics for NaturalLanguages. Dordrecht: Reidel.

Gumperz, J. & Levinson, S. (Eds.) (1996). Rethinking Linguistic Relativity. Cambridge:Cambridge Univeristy Press.

Haarslev, Volker, Lutz, Carsten & Möller, Ralf (1998). Foundations of spatioterminologicalreasoning with description logics. In KR San Francisco, CA: Morgan Kaufman.

Habel, Christopher (1988). Prozedurale Aspekte der Wegplanung und Wegbeschreibung. InSchnelle, H. & Rickheit, G. (Eds.), Sprache in Mensch und Computer Wiesbaden:Westdeutscher Verlag.

Habel, Christopher (1989). ‘zwischen’-Bericht. In Habel, Christopher, Herweg, Michael &Rehkämper, Klaus (Eds.), Raumkonzepte in Verstehensprozessen Tübingen: Niemeyer.

Habel, Christopher (1990). Propositional and depictorial representations of spatial knowledge:The case of path concepts. In Studer, R. (Ed.), Natural Language and Logic LectureNotes in Artificial Intelligence. Berlin: Springer.

Habel, Christopher (1991). Hierarchical representation of spatial knowledge: Aspects ofembedding and granularity. In Second International Colloquium on Cognitive ScienceSan Sebastian.

Habel, Christopher (1996). Räumliche Repräsentationsformate für die Sprachproduktion –eine Fallstudie. In Meyer-Klabunde, R. & Stutterheim, C. von (Eds.), Proceedings of aWorkshop on Conceptual and Semantic Knowledge in Language Production Arbeitenaus dem SFB 245. Sprechen und Sprachverstehen im sozialen Kontext Bericht Nr. 92.Heidelberg/Mannheim: Universität Mannheim.

Habel, Christopher (1999). Drehsinn und Reorientierung. Modus und Richtung beimBewegungsverb ‘drehen’. In Rickheit, G. (Ed.), Richtungen im Raum Wiesbaden:Deutscher Universitätsverlag.

Habel, Christopher & Eschenbach, Carola (1995). Abstrakte Räumlichkeit in der Kognition.Kognitionswissenschaft, 4, 171–176.

Habel, Christopher & Eschenbach, Carola (1997). Abstract structures in spatial cognition. InFreksa, C., Jantzen, M. & Valk, R. (Eds.), Foundations of Computer Science LectureNotes in Computer Science 1337. Berlin: Springer.

Habel, Christopher, Herweg, Michael & Pribbenow, Simone (1993). Wissen über Raum undZeit. In Görz, G. (Ed.), Einführung in die künstliche Intelligenz Bonn: Addison-Wesley.

Habel, Christopher, Herweg, Michael & Rehkämper, Klaus (Eds.) (1989). Raumkonzepte inVerstehensprozessen. Tübingen: Niemeyer.


Habel, Christopher, Hildebrandt, Bernd & Moratz, Reinhard (1999). Interactive robotnavigation based on qualitative spatial representations. In Wachsmuth, I. & Jung, B.(Eds.), KogWis99: Proceedings der 4. Fachtagung der Gesellschaft fürKognitionswissenschaft, Bielefeld, 28. September - 1. Oktober 1999 Sankt Augustin:Infix.

Habel, Christopher & Pribbenow, Simone (1988). Gebietskonstituierende Prozesse. LilogReport Nr. 18. Stuttgart: IBM Deutschland.

Habel, Christopher, Schmidtke, Hedda Rahel, Tschander, Ladina & Eschenbach, Carola(2000). Change of orientation. In van der Zee, Emile & Slack, Jon (Eds.), Proceedingsof the Workshop on Axes and Vectors in Language and Space Lincoln, UK: Universityof Lincolnshire and Humberside.

Habel, Christopher & Stutterheim, Christiane von (2000). Einleitung: Räumliche Konzepteund sprachliche Strukturen. In Habel, Christopher & Stutterheim, Christiane von (Eds.),Räumliche Konzepte und sprachliche Strukturen Tübingen: Niemeyer.

Habel, Christopher & Stutterheim, Christiane von (Eds.) (2000). Räumliche Konzepte undsprachliche Strukturen. Tübingen: Niemeyer.

Haefliger, A. & Narasimhan, R. (Eds.) (1970). Essays on Topology and Related Topics(Memoires dedicated to Georges de Rham). New York.

Härtl, Holden & Witt, James (1998). Lokale Konzepte und Partikelverben in einem Modellder Sprachproduktion. Zeitschrift für Sprachwissenschaft, 17, 3–34.

Haftka, Brigitta (1992). Zur Syntax und Semantik direktiver Ereiterungen von steigen undhinaufsteigen. In Haumann, Dagmar & Schierholz, Stefan J., Lexikalische undgrammatische Eigenschaften präpositionaler Elemente Linguistische Arbeiten.Tübingen: Niemeyer.

Halle, M., Bresnan, J. & Miller, G. A. (Eds.) (1978). Linguistic Theory and PsychologicalReality. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Hangouët, Jean-François & Djadri, Riam (1997). Voronoï diagrams on line segments:Measurements for contextual generalization purposes. In Hirtle, Stephen C. & Frank,Andrew U. (Eds.), Spatial Information Theory. A Theoretical Basis for GIS LectureNotes in Computer Science 1329. Berlin: Springer.

Harnad, Steven R. (Ed.) (1987). Categorical Perception: The Groundwork for Cognition.Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Harnisch, Rüdiger (2000). Morphosemantik und Paradigmenstruktur von Lokaladverbien. InHabel, Christopher & Stutterheim, Christiane von (Eds.), Räumliche Konzepte undsprachliche Strukturen Tübingen: Niemeyer.

Harras, G. & Bierwisch, M. (Eds.) (1996). Wenn die Semantik arbeitet. Klaus Baumgärtnerzum 65. Geburtstag. Tübingen: Niemeyer.

Haumann, Dagmar & Schierholz, Stefan J. (1992). Lexikalische und grammatischeEigenschaften präpositionaler Elemente. Linguistische Arbeiten. Tübingen: Niemeyer.

Hays, Ellen M. (1990). On defining motion verbs and spatial prepositions. In Freksa,Christian & Habel, Christopher (Eds.), Repräsentation und Verarbeitung räumlichenWissens Informatik Fachberichte 245. Berlin: Springer.

Hayward, W. G. & Tarr, M. J. (1995). Spatial language and spatial representation. Cognition,55, 39–84.

Heidorn, Bryan P. (1998). Shapes From Natural Language in Verbal Image. In Olivier, Patrick& Gapp, Klaus-Peter (Eds.), Representation and Processing of Spatial ExpressionsMahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Heil, Martin, Bajric, Jasmin, Rösler, Frank & Henninghausen, Erwin (1997). MentaleRotation und Rotationsnacheffekt: Nachweis des kontinuierlichen Bewegungscharaktersmentaler Rotation. In Kluwe, Rainer H. (Ed.), Strukturen und Prozesse intelligenterSysteme Studien zur Kognitionswissenschaft. Wiesbaden: Deutscher Universitätsverlag.


Hernández, Daniel (1991). Relative representation of spatial knowledge: The 2-d case. InMark, David M. & Frank, Andrew U. (Eds.), NATO Advanced Study Institute onCognitive and Linguistic Aspects of Geographic Space Dordrecht: Kluwer AcademicPublishers.

Hernández, Daniel (1992). Qualitative Representation of Spatial Knowledge. Doktorarbeit,München: Technische Universität München.

Hernández, Daniel (1994). Qualitative Representation of Spatial Knowledge. Lecture Notes inArtificial Intelligence 804. Berlin: Springer.

Herring, John R. (1991). The mathematical modeling of spatial and non-spatial information ingeographic information systems. In Mark, David M. & Frank, Andrew U. (Eds.), NATOAdvanced Study Institute on Cognitive and Linguistic Aspects of Geographic SpaceDordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Herrmann, T. (1989). Vor, hinter, rechts und links: Das 6-H-Modell: Psychologische Studienzum sprachlichen Lokalisieren. Arbeiten aus dem SFB 245. Sprechen undSprachverstehen im sozialen Kontext. Mannheim: Universität Mannheim.

Herrmann, T., Burkle, B. & Nirmaier, H. (1982). Zur hörerbezogenen Raumreferenz:Hörerposition und Lokalisationsaufwand. Memory and Cognition, 10, 126–137.

Herrmann, Theo (1990). Vor, hinter, rechts und links: das 6H-Modell. Psychologische Studienzum sprachlichen Lokalisieren. Zeitschrift für Literaturwissenschaft und Linguistik, 78,117–140.

Herrmann, Theo (1999). ‘Vor’ (räuml.) – psychologisch betrachtet. In Rickheit, G. (Ed.),Richtungen im Raum Wiesbaden: Deutscher Universitätsverlag.

Herrmann, Theo & Schweizer, Karin (1998). Sprechen über Raum. Sprachliches Lokalisierenund seine kognitiven Grundlagen. Bern: Huber.

Herskovits, Annette (1985). Semantics and pragmatics of locative expressions. CognitiveScience, 9, 341–378.

Herskovits, Annette (1986). Language and Spatial Cognition. An Interdisciplinary Study ofPrepositions in English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Herskovits, Annette (1989). The Linguistic Expression of Spatial Knowledge. Report.Duisburg: Universität Duisburg. L.A.U.D..

Herskovits, Annette (1998). Schematization. In Olivier, Patrick & Gapp, Klaus-Peter (Eds.),Representation and Processing of Spatial Expressions Mahwah, New Jersey: LawrenceErlbaum Associates.

Herweg, Michael (1988). Zur Semantik einiger lokaler Präpositionen im Deutschen.Überlegungen zur Theorie der lexikalischen Semantik am Beispiel von ‘in’, ‘an’, ‘bei’,und ‘auf’. Lilog Report Nr. 21. Heidelberg: IBM Deutschland.

Herweg, Michael (1989). Ansätze zu einer semantischen Beschreibung topologischerPräpositionen. In Habel, Christopher, Herweg, Michael & Rehkämper, Klaus (Eds.),Raumkonzepte in Verstehensprozessen Tübingen: Niemeyer.

Herzog, Gerd (1995). Coping with Static and Dynamic Spatial Relations. Arbeiten desSonderforschungsbereich 314. Künstliche Intelligenz – Wissensbasierte Systeme.Bericht Nr. 120. Saarbrücken: Universität des Saarlandes.

Herzog, Gerd, Rist, Thomas & André, Elisabeth (1990). Sprache und Raum:Natürlichsprachlicher Zugang zu visuellen Daten. In Freksa, Christian & Habel,Christopher (Eds.), Repräsentation und Verarbeitung räumlichen Wissens InformatikFachberichte 245. Berlin: Springer.

Herzog, Gerd & Rohr, Karl (1995). Integrating Vision and Language: Towards AutomaticDescription of Human Movements. Arbeiten des Sonderforschungsbereich 314.Künstliche Intelligenz – Wissensbasierte Systeme. Bericht Nr. 122. Saarbrücken:Universität des Saarlandes.

Herzog, Gerd & Rohr, Karl (1995). Integrating vision and language: Towards automaticdescription of human movements. In Wachsmuth, I., Rollinger, C.-R. & Brauer, W.


(Eds.), Advances in Artificial Intelligence Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 981.Berlin: Springer.

Higashiyama, A. & Ueyama, E. (1988). The perception of vertical and horizontal distances inoutdoor settings. Perception and Psychophysics, 44, 151–156.

Hilbert, D. (1956). Grundlagen der Geometrie. Stuttgart: Teubner.Hilbert, David (1918). Axiomatisches Denken. Mathematische Annalen, 78, 405–415.Hill, Clifford (1982). Up/down, front/back, left/right; A contrastive study of Hausa and

English. In Weissenborn, J. & Klein, Wolfgang (Eds.), Here and There Amsterdam:Benjamin.

Hill, Deborah (1993). Finding your Way in Longgu. Working Paper No. 21. Nijmegen:Cognitive Anthropology Research Group at the Max Planck Institute forPsycholinguistics.

Hill, Deborah (1993). Spatial Configurations and Evidential Propositions. Working Paper No.25. Nijmegen: Cognitive Anthropology Research Group at the Max Planck Institute forPsycholinguistics.

Hinrichs, E. W (1986). A compositional semantics for directional modifiers - locative casereopened. In Computational Linguistics: COLING Bonn: Iks.

Hinton, G. (1979). Some demonstrations of the effect of structural descriptions in mentalimagery. Cognitive Science, 3, 231–250.

Hirtle, Stephen (2000). The use of maps, images and ‘gestures’ for navigation. In Freksa, C.,Brauer, W., Habel, C. & Wender, K. F. (Eds.), Spatial Cognition II Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

Hirtle, Stephen C. & Frank, Andrew U. (Eds.) (1997). Spatial Information Theory. ATheoretical Basis for GIS. Proceedings of COSIT’97. Lecture Notes in ComputerScience 1329. Berlin: Springer.

Hobbs, J. (1985). Granularity. In IJCAIHoeppner, Wolfgang, Carstensen, Martin & Rhein, Ulrike (1990). Wegauskünfte: Die

Interdependenz von Such- und Beschreibungsprozessen. In Freksa, Christian & Habel,Christopher (Eds.), Repräsentation und Verarbeitung räumlichen Wissens InformatikFachberichte 245. Berlin: Springer.

Hörnig, Robin, Claus, Berry & Eyfert, Klaus (1997). Objektzugriff in mentalen Modellen:Eine Frage der Perspektive. In Umbach, Carla, Grabski, Michael & Hörnig, Robin(Eds.), Perspektive in Sprache und Raum Wiesbaden: Deutscher Universitätsverlag.

Hörnig, Robin, Eyferth, Klaus & Gärtner, Holger (2000). Orienting and reorienting inegocentric mental models. In Freksa, C., Brauer, W., Habel, C. & Wender, K. F. (Eds.),Spatial Cognition II Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

Hörnig, Robin & Wiebrock, Sylvia (2000). Deiktisch ‘vor’ und Konsorten: ProjizierteBezugssysteme oder wegbasiertes Lokalisieren? In Habel, Christopher & Stutterheim,Christiane von (Eds.), Räumliche Konzepte und sprachliche Strukturen Tübingen:Niemeyer.

Hoffman, D. & Richards, W. (1984). Parts of recognition. Cognition, 18, 65–96.Hoffman, Donald & Singh, Manish (1997). Salience of visual parts. Cognition, 63, 29–78.Hommel, Bernhard & Knuf, Lothar (2000). Action related determinants of spatial coding in

perception and memory. In Freksa, C., Brauer, W., Habel, C. & Wender, K. F. (Eds.),Spatial Cognition II Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

Hornsby, Kathleen & Egenhofer, Max J. (1997). Qualitative representation of change. InHirtle, Stephen C. & Frank, Andrew U. (Eds.), Spatial Information Theory. ATheoretical Basis for GIS Lecture Notes in Computer Science 1329. Berlin: Springer.

Hottenroth, P. M. (1993). Prepositions and object concepts: A contribution to cognitivesemantics. In Zelinsky-Wibbelt, C. (Ed.), The Semantics of Prepositions: From MentalProcessing to Natural Language Processing Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.


Howard, Ian P., Bergstrom, Sten S. & Ohmi, Masao (1990). Shape from shading in differentframes of reference. Perception, 19 (4), 523–530.

Howarth, Richard J. (1998). On Seeing Spatial Expressions. In Olivier, Patrick & Gapp,Klaus-Peter (Eds.), Representation and Processing of Spatial Expressions Mahwah,New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Imai, Mitsumi & Gentner, Dedre (1997). A cross-linguistic study of early word meaning:Universal ontology and linguistic influence. Cognition, 62, 169–200.

Ioerger, Thomas R. (1994). The manipulation of images to handle indeterminacy in spatialreasoning. Cognitive Science, 18, 551–593.

Isli, Amar, Museros Cabedo, Lledó, Barkowsky, Thomas & Moratz, Reinhard (2000). Atopological calculus for cartographic entities. In Freksa, C., Brauer, W., Habel, C. &Wender, K. F. (Eds.), Spatial Cognition II Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

Jackendoff, Ray (1973). The base rules for prepositional phrases. In Andersen, S. & Kiparsky,P. (Eds.), A Festschrift for Morris Halle New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.

Jackendoff, Ray (1978). Grammar as evidence for conceptual structure. In Halle, M., Bresnan,J. & Miller, G. A. (Eds.), Linguistic Theory and Psychological Reality Cambridge, MA:MIT Press.

Jackendoff, Ray (1983). Semantics and Cognition. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.Jackendoff, Ray (1987). Consciousness and the Computational Mind. Cambridge, MA: The

MIT Press.Jackendoff, Ray (1990). Semantic Structures. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.Jackendoff, Ray (1991). Parts and boundaries. Cognition, 41, 9–45.Jackendoff, Ray (1996). The architecture of the linguistic-spatial interface. In Bloom, Paul,

Petersen, Mary A., Nadel, Lynn & Garrett, Merrill F. (Eds.), Language and SpaceCambridge, MA: The MIT Press.

Jammer, M. (1954). Concepts of Space: The History of Theories of Space in Physics.Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Janzen, Gabriele, Herrmann, Theo, Katz, Steffi & Schweizer, Karin (2000). Oblique angledintersections and barriers: Navigating through a virtual maze. In Freksa, C., Brauer, W.,Habel, C. & Wender, K. F. (Eds.), Spatial Cognition II Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

Janzen, Gabriele & Katz, Steffi (1999). Eigen- und Fremdbewegung in einer virtuellenräumlichen Anordnung. In Wachsmuth, I. & Jung, B. (Eds.), KogWis99: Proceedingsder 4. Fachtagung der Gesellschaft für Kognitionswissenschaft, Bielefeld, 28.September - 1. Oktober 1999 Sankt Augustin: Infix.

Janzen, Gabriele & Katz, Steffi (2000). Die Wahrnehmung von Eigen- und Fremdbewegungund ihr Ausdruck in der Sprache. In Habel, Christopher & Stutterheim, Christiane von(Eds.), Räumliche Konzepte und sprachliche Strukturen Tübingen: Niemeyer.

Jarvella, R. J. & Klein, Wolfgang (Eds.) (1982). Speech, Place and Action. Chichester: Wiley.Jones, S. S., Smith, Linda B. & Landau, Barbara (1991). Object properties and knowledge in

early lexical learning. Child Development, 62, 499–516.Jónnson, Bjarni & Tarski, Alfred (1951). Boolean algebras with operators. Part I. American

Journal of Mathematics, 73, 891–939.Jónnson, Bjarni & Tarski, Alfred (1952). Boolean algebras with operators. Part II. American

Journal of Mathematics, 74, 127–162.Joskowicz, Leo & Sacks, Elisha P. (1991). Computational kinematics. Artificial Intelligence,

51, 381–416.Jouen, F., Lepecq, J. C. & Gapenne, O. (1993). Frames of reference underlying early

movement coordination. Advances in Psychology, 97, 237–264.Jungert, Erland (1992). The observer’s point of view: An extension of symbolic projections.

In Frank, A. U., Campari, I. & Formentini, U. (Eds.), Theories and Methods of Spatio-Temporal Reasoning in Geographic Space Lecture Notes in Computer Science 639.Berlin: Springer.


Just, M. & Carpenter, P. (1985). Cognitive coordinate systems: Accounts of mental rotationand individual differences in spatial ability. Psychological Review, 92(2), 137–172.

Kalita, Jugal K. & Lee, Joel C. (1997). An informal semantic analysis of motion verbs basedon physical primitives. Computational Intelligence, 13/1, 87–125.

Kamp, Hans (1975). Two theories about adjectives. In Keenan, Edward L. (Ed.), FormalSemantics of Natural Language Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Kant, E. (1768). Von dem ersten Grunde des Unterschiedes der Gegenden im Raume. In VanCleve, James & Frederick, Robert E. (Eds.), The Philosophy of Right and Left:Incongruent Counterparts and the Nature of Space Dordrecht: Kluwer.

Katz, David (1969). Gestaltpsychologie. Basel: Schwabe.Katz, Steffi, Janzen, Gabriele, Schweizer, Karin & Herrmann, Theo (1999). Hin- und

Zurückfinden beim Routenlernen: Der Einfluß schiefwinkligerKreuzungskonfigurationen auf die Navigationsleitung. Arbeiten des MannheimerTeilprojekts im DFG-Schwerpunktprogramm ‘Raumkognition’. 5. Mannheim:Universität Mannheim.

Kaufmann, Ingrid (1995). Konzeptuelle Grundlagen semantischer Dekompositionsstrukturen.Die Kombinatorik lokaler Verben und prädikativer Komplemente. Tübingen: Niemeyer.

Kaufmann, Ingrid (1995). O- and D-Predicates. A Semantic Approach to the Unaccusative-Unergative Distinction. Journal of Semantics, 12, 377–427.

Kaufmann, Ingrid (1995). Positionsverben und Richtung. Kognitionswissenschaft, 4, 154–165.

Kaup, Barbara, Kelter, Stephanie, Habel, Christopher & Clauser, Constanze (1997). Zur Wahldes repräsentierten Raumausschnitts beim Aufbau mentaler Modelle während derTextrezeption. In Umbach, Carla, Grabski, Michael & Hörnig, Robin (Eds.),Perspektive in Sprache und Raum Wiesbaden: Deutscher Universitätsverlag.

Keenan, Edward L. (Ed.) (1975). Formal Semantics of Natural Language. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.

Kender, J. R. & Leff, A. (1989). Why direction-giving is hard: The complexity of linearnavigation by landmarks. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern., 19, 1656–1658.

Kersten, Alan W. & Billman, Dorrit (1997). Event Category Learning. Journal ofExperimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 23/3, 638–658.

Kessler, Klaus (1999). Ein konnektionistisches Modell der Interpretation von ‘vor’, ‘hinter’,‘links’ und ‘rechts’. In Rickheit, G. (Ed.), Richtungen im Raum Wiesbaden: DeutscherUniversitätsverlag.

Kessler, Klaus (2000). Der Nutzen von Prozeßmodellen und Simulationen am Beispiel derInterpretation von Richtungspräpositionen. In Habel, Christopher & Stutterheim,Christiane von (Eds.), Räumliche Konzepte und sprachliche Strukturen Tübingen:Niemeyer.

Kessler, Klaus (2000). Raumkognition und Lokalisationsäußerungen. Ein konnektionistischesModell des Verstehens von Richtungspräpositionen. Wiesbaden: DeutscherUniversitäts-Verlag.

Kettani, Driss & Moulin, Bernard (1999). A spatial model based on the notions of spatialconceptual map and of object’s influence areas. In Freksa, C. & Mark, D. M. (Eds.),Spatial Information Theory. Cognitive and Computational Foundations of GeographicInformation Science Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1661. Berlin: Springer.

Kimball, J. P. (Ed.) (1975). Syntax and Semantics 4. New York: Academic Press.Kirsh, David (1995). The intelligent use of space. Artificial Intelligence, 73, 31–68.Klabunde, Ralf (2000). Semantik und Pragmatik dimensionaler Adverbien. In Habel,

Christopher & Stutterheim, Christiane von (Eds.), Räumliche Konzepte und sprachlicheStrukturen Tübingen: Niemeyer.

Klabunde, Ralf & Glatz, Daniel (1999). Konzeptuelle und kontextuelle Bedingungen für denZugriff auf dimensionale Präpositionen und Adverbien bei der Textproduktion. In


Wachsmuth, I. & Jung, B. (Eds.), KogWis99: Proceedings der 4. Fachtagung derGesellschaft für Kognitionswissenschaft, Bielefeld, 28. September - 1. Oktober 1999Sankt Augustin: Infix.

Klatsky, R. L. & Lederman, S. J. (1993). Spatial and nonspatial avenues to object recognitionby the human haptic system. In Eilan, N., McCarthy, R. & Brewer, B. (Eds.), SpatialRepresentation: Problems in Philosophy and Psychology Oxford: Blackwell.

Klatzky, Roberta L. (1998). Allocentric and egocentric spatial representations: Definitions,distinctions, and interconnections. In Freksa, Christian, Habel, Christopher & Wender,Karl F. (Eds.), Spatial Cognition Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1404. Berlin:Springer.

Klatzky, Roberta L., Beall, Andrew C., Loomis, Jack M., Golledge, Reginald G. & Philbeck,John W. (1999). Human navigation abilitiy: Tests of the encoding-error model of pathintegration. Spatial Cognition and Computation, 1, 31–65.

Klatzky, Roberta L. & Lederman, Susan J. (1993). Spatial and nonspatial avenues to objectrecognition by the human haptic system. In Eilan, N., McCarthy, R. & Brewer, B.(Eds.), Spatial Representation: Problems in Philosophy and Psychology Oxford:Blackwell.

Klein, Wolfgang (1990). Überall und nirgendwo. Subjektive und objektive Momente in derRaumreferenz. Zeitschrift für Literaturwissenschaft und Linguistik, 78, 9–42.

Klein, Wolfgang (1991). Raumausdrücke. Linguistische Berichte, 132, 77–114.Klein, Wolfgang (1994). Keine Känguruhs zur Linken. Über die Variabilität von

Raumvorstellungen und ihren Ausdruck in der Sprache. In Kornadt, H.-J., Grabowski, J.& Mangold-Allwinn, R. (Eds.), Sprache und Kognition Heidelberg: SpektrumAkademischer Verlag.

Klippel, Alexander (1999). Relaxierte Lokalisation - Kognitive Implikationen SchematischerKarten. In Wachsmuth, I. & Jung, B. (Eds.), KogWis99: Proceedings der 4. Fachtagungder Gesellschaft für Kognitionswissenschaft, Bielefeld, 28. September - 1. Oktober 1999Sankt Augustin: Infix.

Klopp, Annekatrin (1999). Integration multimodaler Raumwahrnehmung über gemeinsameinterne Referenzrahmen? Der Oblique-Effekt als Untersuchungs-Paradigma. InWachsmuth, I. & Jung, B. (Eds.), KogWis99: Proceedings der 4. Fachtagung derGesellschaft für Kognitionswissenschaft, Bielefeld, 28. September - 1. Oktober 1999Sankt Augustin: Infix.

Kluwe, Rainer H. (Ed.) (1997). Strukturen und Prozesse intelligenter Systeme. Studien zurKognitionswissenschaft. Wiesbaden: Deutscher Universitätsverlag.

Knauff, Markus (1997). Räumliches Wissen und Gedächtnis. Zur Wissenspsychologie deskognitiven Raums. Studien zur Kognitionswissenschaft. Wiesbaden: DeutscherUniversitätsverlag.

Knauff, Markus, Rauh, Reinhold & Renz, Jochen (1997). A cognitive assessment oftopological spatial relations: Results from an empirical investigation. In Hirtle, StephenC. & Frank, Andrew U. (Eds.), Spatial Information Theory. A Theoretical Basis for GISLecture Notes in Computer Science 1329. Berlin: Springer.

Knauff, Markus, Rauh, Reinhold, Schlieder, Christoph & Strube, Gerhard (1997).Analogizität und Perspektive in räumlichen mentalen Modellen. In Umbach, Carla,Grabski, Michael & Hörnig, Robin (Eds.), Perspektive in Sprache und RaumWiesbaden: Deutscher Universitätsverlag.

Knauff, Markus, Rauh, Reinhold, Schlieder, Christoph & Strube, Gerhard (1998). Mentalmodels in spatial reasoning. In Freksa, Christian, Habel, Christopher & Wender, Karl F.(Eds.), Spatial Cognition Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1404. Berlin: Springer.

Köhler, Wolfgang (1913). Über unbemerkte Empfindungen und Urteilstäuschungen.Zeitschrift für Psychologie, 66, 51–80.

Köhler, Wolfgang (1925). The Mentality of Apes. London and Boston: Routledge & Kegan.


Köhler, Wolfgang (1947). Gestalt Psychology. An Introduction in New Concepts in ModernPsychology. New York: Liveright Publishing Corporation.

Koffka, K. (1935). Principles of Gestalt Psychology. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul LTD.Kong, T. Y. & Rosenfeld, A. (1989). Digital Topology: Introduction and Survey. Computer

Vision, Graphics and Image Processing, 48, 357–393.Kornadt, H.-J., Grabowski, J. & Mangold-Allwinn, R. (Eds.) (1994). Sprache und Kognition.

Perspektiven moderner Sprachpsychologie. Heidelberg: Spektrum AkademischerVerlag.

Kotkamp, Uwe & Krause, Werner (Eds.) (1998). Intelligente Informationsverarbeitung.Wiesbaden: Deutscher Universitätsverlag.

Kowalski, R. A. (1979). Algorithm = logic + control. Communications of the ACM, 22, 424–436.

Kracht, M., de Rijke, M., Wansing, H. & Zakharyaschev, M. (Eds.) (1997). Advances inModal Logic. Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications.

Krieg-Brückner, Bernd, Röfer, Thomas, Carmesin, Hans-Otto & Müller, Rolf (1998). Ataxonomy of spatial knowledge for navigation and its application to the Bremenautonomous wheelchair. In Freksa, Christian, Habel, Christopher & Wender, Karl F.(Eds.), Spatial Cognition Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1404. Berlin: Springer.

Kuhn, Werner (1999). An algebraic interpretation of semantic networks. In Freksa, C. &Mark, D. M. (Eds.), Spatial Information Theory. Cognitive and ComputationalFoundations of Geographic Information Science Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence1661. Berlin: Springer.

Kuipers, Benjamin (1978). Modelling spatial knowledge. Cognitive Science, 2, 129–153.Kuipers, Benjamin (1990). Commonsense knowledge of space: Learning from experience. In

Chen, S. (Ed.), Advances in Spatial Reasoning Norwood, NJ: Ablex.Kuipers, Benjamin (1990). Modelling spatial knowledge. In Chen, S. (Ed.), Advances in

Spatial Reasoning Norwood, NJ: Ablex.Kuipers, Benjamin (1998). A hierarchy of qualitative representations for space. In Freksa,

Christian, Habel, Christopher & Wender, Karl F. (Eds.), Spatial Cognition LectureNotes in Artificial Intelligence 1404. Berlin: Springer.

Kuipers, Benjamin & Levitt, Tod (1990). Navigation and mapping in large-scale space. InChen, S. (Ed.), Advances in Spatial Reasoning Norwood, NJ: Ablex.

Kulik, Lars (1998). Zur Grenzziehung zwischen Rand, Grenze und Begrenzung. In Kotkamp,Uwe & Krause, Werner (Eds.), Intelligente Informationsverarbeitung Wiesbaden:Deutscher Universitätsverlag.

Kulik, Lars & Eschenbach, Carola (1999). A geometry of oriented curves. Report from theproject ‘Axiomatics of Spatial Concepts’. Hamburg: Universität Hamburg.

Labov, W. (1973). The boundaries of words and their meanings. In Bailey, C.-J. N. & Shuy,R. W. (Eds.), New Ways in Analysing Variations in English Washington: GeorgetownUniversity Press.

Lahav, R. (1989). Against compositionality: The case of adjectives. Philosophical Studies, 57,111–129.

Lakoff, G. (1973). Hedges: A study in meaning criteria and the logic of fuzzy concepts.Journal of Philosophical Logic, 2.

Landau, Barbara (1991). Spatial representation of objects in the young blind child. Cognition,38, 145–178.

Landau, Barbara (1994). Object shape, object name, and object kind. In Medin, D. (Ed.),Psychology of Learning and Motivation New York: Academic Press.

Landau, Barbara (1996). Multiple geometric representations of objects. In Bloom, Paul,Petersen, Mary A., Nadel, Lynn & Garrett, Merrill F. (Eds.), Language and SpaceCambridge, MA: The MIT Press.


Landau, Barbara (2000). Spatial language and spatial cognition: The roles of axial and vectorrepresentations. In van der Zee, Emile & Slack, Jon (Eds.), Proceedings of theWorkshop on Axes and Vectors in Language and Space Lincoln, UK: University ofLincolnshire and Humberside.

Landau, Barbara & Jackendoff, Ray (1993). ‘What’ and ‘Where’ in spatial language andspatial cognition. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 16 (2), 217–265.

Landau, Barbara & Leyton, Michael (1999). Perception, object kind, and object naming.Spatial Cognition and Computation, 1, 1–29.

Landau, Barbara & Munnich, Edvard (1998). The Representation of Space and SpatialLanguage: Challenges for Cognitive Science. In Olivier, Patrick & Gapp, Klaus-Peter(Eds.), Representation and Processing of Spatial Expressions Mahwah, New Jersey:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Landau, Barbara, Smith, L. & Jones, S. (1988). The importance of shape in early lexicallearning. Cognitive Development, 3, 299–321.

Landau, Barbara, Smith, L. & Jones, S. (1992). Syntactic context and the shape bias inchildren’s and adult’s lexical learning. Journal of Memory and Language, 31, 807–825.

Landy, M. S. & Movshon, J. A. (Eds.) (1991). Computational Models of Visual Processing.Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Lang, E. (1990). Primary perceptual space and inherent proportion schema: two interactingcategorization grids underlying the conceputalization of spatial objects. Journal ofSemantics, 7, 121–141.

Lang, Ewald (1989). Primärer Orientierungsraum und inhärentes Proportionsschema:Interagierende Kategorisierungsraster bei der Konzeptualisierung räumlicher Objekte. InHabel, Christopher, Herweg, Michael & Rehkämper, Klaus (Eds.), Raumkonzepte inVerstehensprozessen Tübingen: Niemeyer.

Lang, Ewald (1990). Sprachkenntnis, Objektwissen und räumliches Schließen. Zeitschrift fürLiteraturwissenschaft und Linguistik, 78, 59–97.

Lang, Ewald & Zifonun, G. (Eds.) (1996). Deutsch-typologisch. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.Lansdale, Mark W. (1998). Modelling memory for absolute location. Psychological Review,

105, 351–378.Latombe, Jean-Claude, Lazanas, Anthony & Shekhar, Shashank (1991). Robot motion

planning with uncertainty in control and sensing. Artificial Intelligence, 52, 1–47.Laurini, R. & Thompson, D. (1992). Fundamentals of Spatial Information Systems. The

A.P.I.C. Series 37. New York: Academic Press.Lazanas, A. & Latombe, J.-C. (1995). Motion planning with uncertainty: a landmark

approach. Artificial Intelligence, 76, 287–317.Leech, Geoffrey N. (1971). Chapter 8: Place. In Leech, Geoffrey N., Towards a Semantic

Description of English London: Longman.Leech, Geoffrey N. (1971). Towards a Semantic Description of English. London: Longman.Lemon, O. & Pratt, I. (1997). On the incompleteness of modal logics of space: advancing

complete modal logics of place. In Kracht, M., de Rijke, M., Wansing, H. &Zakharyaschev, M. (Eds.), Advances in Modal Logic Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications.

Lemon, Oliver (1996). Semantical foundations of spatial logics. In Aiello, L. C., Doyle, J. &Shapiro, S. C. (Eds.), KR San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann.

Leplow, Bernd, Höll, Doris, Zeng, Lingju & Mehdorn, Maximilian (1998). Spatial orientationand spatial memory within a ‘locomotor maze’ for humans. In Freksa, Christian, Habel,Christopher & Wender, Karl F. (Eds.), Spatial Cognition Lecture Notes in ArtificialIntelligence 1404. Berlin: Springer.

Leplow, Bernd, Höll, Doris, Zeng, Lingju & Mehdorn, Maximilian (2000). Investigation ofage and sex effects in spatial cognitions as assessed in a locomotor maze and in a 2-Dcomputer maze. In Freksa, C., Brauer, W., Habel, C. & Wender, K. F. (Eds.), SpatialCognition II Berlin: Springer-Verlag.


Leßmöllmann, Annette (2000). Der Ball ist rund: Formadjektive und Objektkonzepte. InHabel, Christopher & Stutterheim, Christiane von (Eds.), Räumliche Konzepte undsprachliche Strukturen Tübingen: Niemeyer.

Leßmöllmann, Annette, Eschenbach, Carola & Habel, Christopher (1997). MultipleReferenzrahmen: Der Fall ‘oben über der Tür’. In Krause, W., Kotkamp, U. & Goertz,R. (Eds.), KogWis97 Jena: Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena.

Levelt, W. J. M., Schreuder, R. & Hoenkamp, E. (1976). Struktur und Gebrauch vonBewegungsverben. Zeitschrift für Literaturwissenschaft und Linguistik, 23/24, 131–152.

Levelt, W. J. M., Schreuder, R. & Hoenkamp, E. (1978). Structure and use of verbs of motion.In Campbell, R. N. & Smith, P. T. (Eds.), Recent Advances in the Psychology ofLanguage

Levelt, Willem J. M. (1984). Some perceptual limitations on talking about space. In vanDoorn, A. J., van der Grind, W. A. & Koenderink, J. J. (Eds.), Limits in PerceptionUtrecht: VNU Science Press.

Levelt, Willem J. M. (1986). Zur sprachlichen Abbildung des Raumes: Deiktische undintrinsische Perspektive. In Bosshardt, H. G. (Ed.), Perspektiven auf Sprache Berlin: deGruyter.

Levelt, Willem J. M. (1996). Perspective taking and ellipsis in spatial description. In Bloom,Paul, Petersen, Mary A., Nadel, Lynn & Garrett, Merrill F. (Eds.), Language and SpaceCambridge, MA: The MIT Press.

Levie, W. H. & Lentz, R. (1982). Effects of text illustrations: A review of research.Educational Communication and Technology Journal, 30, 195–232.

Levin, Beth & Hovav, Malka Rappaport (1992). The lexical semantics of verbs of motion:The perspective from unaccusativity. In Roca, I. (Ed.), Thematic Structure: Its Role inGrammar Berlin: de Gruyter.

Levinson, Stephen C. (1996). Frames of reference and Molyneux’s question: Crosslinguisticevidence. In Bloom, Paul, Petersen, Mary A., Nadel, Lynn & Garrett, Merrill F. (Eds.),Language and Space Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.

Levinson, Stephen C. (1997). From outer to inner space: linguistic categories and non-linguistic thinking. In Nuyts, Jan & Pederson, Eric (Eds.), Language andConceptualization Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Lewis, D. (1972). We, the navigators: The ancient art of landfinding in the Pacific. Honolulu:University of Hawaii Press.

Leys, Odo (1989). Aspekt und Rektion räumlicher Präpositionen. Deutsche Sprache, 2, 97–113.

Ligozat, Gérard (1993). Models for qualitative spatial reasoning. In Anger, F., Guesgen, H.W. & van Benthem, J. (Eds.), IJCAI-93 Workshop on Spatial and Temporal ReasoningChambéry.

Ligozat, Gérard (1999). Simple models for simple calculi. In Freksa, C. & Mark, D. M. (Eds.),Spatial Information Theory. Cognitive and Computational Foundations of GeographicInformation Science Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1661. Berlin: Springer.

Ligozat, Gérard F. (1993). Qualitative triangulation for spatial reasoning. In Frank, Andrew U.& Campari, Irene (Eds.), Spatial Information Theory. A Theoretical Basis for GISLecture Notes in Computer Science 716. Berlin: Springer.

Lin, Fangzhen & Levesque, Hector J. (1998). What robots can do: robot programs andeffective achievability. Artificial Intelligence, 101, 102–226.

Lindemann, R. (1998). Bedeutungserweiterungen als systematische Prozesse im System derPartikelverben mit ‘ein-’. In Olsen, S. (Ed.), Semantische und konzeptuelle Aspekte derPartikelverbbildung mit ‘ein-’ Tübingen: Stauffenburg Verlag.

Liu, Jiming (1998). A method of spatial reasoning based on qualitative trigonometry.Artificial Intelligence, 98, 137–168.


Liu, Linda L. & Uttal, David H. (1999). The interaction of symmetry and verbal codability inchildren’s reconstruction of spatial configurations. Spatial Cognition and Computation,1, 111–129.

Logan, G. (1994). Spatial attention and the apprehension of spatial relations. Journal ofExperimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 20, 1015–1036.

Logan, G. (1995). Linguistic and conceptual control of visual spatial attention. CognitivePsychology, 28, 103–174.

Logan, Gordon D. & Sadler, Daniel D. (1996). A computational analysis of the apprehensionof spatial relations. In Bloom, Paul, Petersen, Mary A., Nadel, Lynn & Garrett, MerrillF. (Eds.), Language and Space Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.

Lovelace, Kristin L., Hegarty, Mary & Montello, Daniel R. (1999). Elements of good routedirections in familiar and unfamiliar environments. In Freksa, C. & Mark, D. M. (Eds.),Spatial Information Theory. Cognitive and Computational Foundations of GeographicInformation Science Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1661. Berlin: Springer.

Ludewig, P. & Geurts, B. (Eds.) (1998). Lexikalische Semantik aus kognitiver Sicht.Perspektiven im Spannungsfeld linguistischer und psychologischer Modellierungen.Tübingen: Gunter Narr Verlag.

Lutzeier, Peter Rolf (1985). Sprachliche Vermittler von Räumlichkeit. Zur Syntax undSemantik lokaler Präpositionen. In Schweizer, Harro (Ed.), Sprache und RaumStuttgart: Metzler.

Maaß, W. (1996). Von visuellen Daten zu inkrementellen Wegbeschreibungen indreidimensionalen Umgebungen. Das Modell eines kognitiven Agenten. Doktorarbeit,Saarbrücken: Universität des Saarlandes.

Maaß, Wolfgang, Baus, Jörg & Paul, Joachim (1995). Visual Grounding of RouteDescriptions in Dynamic Environments. Arbeiten des Sonderforschungsbereich 314.Künstliche Intelligenz – Wissensbasierte Systeme. Bericht Nr. 117. Saarbrücken:Universität des Saarlandes.

MacEachren, Alan M. (1995). How Maps Work. Representation, Visualization and Design.New York: The Guilford Press.

Maienborn, Claudia (1993). Situation und Lokation. Die Bedeutung lokaler Adjunkte vonVerbalprojektionen. Doktorarbeit, Hamburg: Universität Hamburg.

Maienborn, Claudia (1994). Kompakte Strukturen: Direktionale Präpositionen und nicht-lokale Verben. In Felix, S. W., Habel, C. & Rickheit, G. (Eds.), Kognitive LinguistikOpladen: Westdeutscher Verlag.

Maki, R. H. & Braine, L. G. (1985). The role of verbal labels in the judgment of orientationand location. Perception, 14, 67–80.

Maki, R. H., Grandy, C. A. & Hauge, G. (1979). Why is telling right from left more difficultthan telling above from below? Journal of Experimental Psychology: HumanPerception and Performance, 5, 52–67.

Mallot, Hanspeter A. (1999). Spatial cognition: Behavioral competences, neural mechanisms,and evolutionary scaling. Kognitionswissenschaft, 8, 40–48.

Mallot, Hanspeter A., Gillner, Sabine, Steck, Sibylle D. & Franz, Matthias O. (1999).Recognition-triggered response and the view-graph to spatial cognition. In Freksa, C. &Mark, D. M. (Eds.), Spatial Information Theory. Cognitive and ComputationalFoundations of Geographic Information Science Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence1661. Berlin: Springer.

Mallot, Hanspeter A., Gillner, Sabine, van Veen, Hendrik A. H. C. & Bülthoff, Heinrich H.(1998). Behavioral experiments in spatial cognition using virtual reality. In Freksa,Christian, Habel, Christopher & Wender, Karl F. (Eds.), Spatial Cognition LectureNotes in Artificial Intelligence 1404. Berlin: Springer.


Mandler, J. M. & Parker, R. E. (1976). Memory for descriptive and spatial information incomplex pictures. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory,2, 38–48.

Mandler, Jean M. (1996). Preverbal representation and language. In Bloom, Paul, Petersen,Mary A., Nadel, Lynn & Garrett, Merrill F. (Eds.), Language and Space Cambridge,MA: The MIT Press.

Marchese, F. T. (Ed.) (1995). Understanding Images. New York: Springer-Verlag.Marciniak, Jacek & Vetulani, Zygmunt (1999). Ontological problems related to construction

of natural language interface for a mobile robot. In Guesgen, H. W., Anger, F. D.,Ligozat, G. & Rodriguez, R. V. (Eds.), Workshop KRR-3 at the 16th IJCAI: Hot Topicsin Spatial and Temporal Reasoning

Marendaz, C. (1998). Nature and dynamics of reference frames in visual search fororientation: Implications for early visual processing. Psychological Science, 9 (1), 27.

Mark, D. & Frank, A. (Eds.) (1992). Cognitive and Linguistic Aspects of Geographic Space.Kluwer Press.

Mark, D. M. (1985). Finding simple routes: ‘ease of description’ as an objective function inautomated route selection. In Proceedings Second IEEE Conference on ArtificialIntelligence Applications

Mark, D. M. (1987). On giving and receiving directions: Cartographic and cognitive issues. InProceedings of 8th Auto-Carto

Mark, David M., Comas, D., Egenhofer, M. J., Freundschuh, S. M., Gould, M. D. & Nunes, J.(1995). Evaluation and refining computational models of spatial relations trough cross-linguistic human-subjects testing. In Frank, Andrew U. & Kuhn, Werner (Eds.), SpatialInformation Theory. A Theoretical Basis for GIS Lecture Notes in Computer Science988. Berlin: Springer.

Mark, David M. & Egenhofer, M. J. (1995). Topology of prototypical spatial relationsbetween lines and regions in English and Spanish. In Proceedings of 12th Auto-Carto

Mark, David M., Freksa, Christian, Hirtle, Stephen C., Lloyd, Robert & Tversky, Barbara(1999). Cognitive models of geographic space. Int. J. Geographical InformationScience, 13, 747–774.

Mark, David M., Smith, Barry & Tversky, Barbara (1999). Ontology and geographic objects:an empirical study of cognitive categorization. In Freksa, C. & Mark, D. M. (Eds.),Spatial Information Theory. Cognitive and Computational Foundations of GeographicInformation Science Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1661. Berlin: Springer.

Marr, David (1982). Vision. A computational Investigation into the Human Representationand Processing of Visual Information. New York: W.H. Freeman Company.

Martin, Michael (1993). Sense modalities and spatial properties. In Eilan, N., McCarthy, R. &Brewer, B. (Eds.), Spatial Representation: Problems in Philosophy and PsychologyOxford: Blackwell.

Martin-Cordero, J. & Gonzalez-Abra, M. J. (1993). Amnesic mental models do notcompletely spill the beans of deductive reasoning. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 16,773–774.

Maxwell, P. C. (1974). Alternative descriptions in line drawing analysis. ArtificialIntelligence, 5, 325–348.

May, Mark (2000). Kognition im Umraum. Wiesbaden: Deutscher Universitäts-Verlag.May, Mark, Wartenberg, Fredrik & Péruch, Patrick (1997). Raumorientierung in virtuellen

Umgebungen. In Kluwe, Rainer H. (Ed.), Strukturen und Prozesse intelligenter SystemeStudien zur Kognitionswissenschaft. Wiesbaden: Deutscher Universitätsverlag.

Mayer, R. E. & Gallini, J. K. (1990). When is an illustration worth ten thousand words?Journal of Educational Psychology, 82, 715–726.

Mayer, Rolf (1989). Wegkonnexion. In Habel, Christopher, Herweg, Michael & Rehkämper,Klaus (Eds.), Raumkonzepte in Verstehensprozessen Tübingen: Niemeyer.


McCarthy, Rosaleen (1993). Assembling routines and addressing representations: Analternative conceptualization of ‘what’ and ‘where’ in the human brain. In Eilan, N.,McCarthy, R. & Brewer, B. (Eds.), Spatial Representation: Problems in Philosophy andPsychology Oxford: Blackwell.

McCarthy, Rosaleen (1993). Introduction: What and where. In Eilan, N., McCarthy, R. &Brewer, B. (Eds.), Spatial Representation: Problems in Philosophy and PsychologyOxford: Blackwell.

McDermott, D. & Davis, E. (1984). Planning routes through uncertain territory. ArtificialIntelligence, 22, 107–256.

McNamara, T. P., Ratcliff, R. & Mc Koon, G. (1984). The mental representation ofknowledge acquired from maps. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 10, 723–732.

McNeill, David (1997). Growth points cross-linguistically. In Nuyts, Jan & Pederson, Eric(Eds.), Language and Conceptualization Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Mecklenbräuker, Silvia, Wippich, Werner, Wagener, Monika & Saathoff, Jörg E. (1998).Spatial information and actions. In Freksa, Christian, Habel, Christopher & Wender,Karl F. (Eds.), Spatial Cognition Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1404. Berlin:Springer.

Medin, D. (Ed.) (1994). Psychology of Learning and Motivation. New York: Academic Press.Melton, A. W. & Martin, E. (Eds.) (1972). Coding Processes in Human Memory.

Washington, DC: Winston.Meltzoff, Andrew N. (1993). Molyneux’s babies: Cross-modal perception, imitation and the

mind of the preverbal infant. In Eilan, N., McCarthy, R. & Brewer, B. (Eds.), SpatialRepresentation: Problems in Philosophy and Psychology Oxford: Blackwell.

Merschmeyer-Brüwer, Carla (1999). Raumstrukturierungsprozesse von Grundschülern bei derAnalyse von Bildern zu Würfelkonfigurationen - Fallstudien mitAugenbewegungsanalysen. In Wachsmuth, I. & Jung, B. (Eds.), KogWis99:Proceedings der 4. Fachtagung der Gesellschaft für Kognitionswissenschaft, Bielefeld,28. September - 1. Oktober 1999 Sankt Augustin: Infix.

Meyer-Klabunde, R. & Stutterheim, C. von (Eds.) (1996). Proceedings of a Workshop onConceptual and Semantic Knowledge in Language Production. Arbeiten aus dem SFB245. Sprechen und Sprachverstehen im sozialen Kontext. Bericht Nr. 92. Mannheim:Universität Mannheim.

Miller, G. A. (1972). English verbs of motion: A case study in semantics and lexical memory.In Melton, A. W. & Martin, E. (Eds.), Coding Processes in Human MemoryWashington, DC: Winston.

Miller, G. & Johnson-Laird, P. N. (1976). Language and Perception. Cambridge: CambridgeUniversity Press.

Millikan, Ruth Garrett (1993). Content and vehicle. In Eilan, N., McCarthy, R. & Brewer, B.(Eds.), Spatial Representation: Problems in Philosophy and Psychology Oxford:Blackwell.

Mitchell, Joseph S. B. (1988). An algorithmic approach to some problems in terrainnavigation. Artificial Intelligence, 37, 171–201.

Möller, Ralf & Wessel, Michael (1999). Terminological default reasoning about spatialinformation: a first step. In Freksa, C. & Mark, D. M. (Eds.), Spatial InformationTheory. Cognitive and Computational Foundations of Geographic Information ScienceLecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1661. Berlin: Springer.

Mohnhaupt, Michael (1990). Eine hybride Repräsentation von Objektbewegungen: Vonanalogen zu propositionalen Beschreibungen. In Freksa, Christian & Habel, Christopher(Eds.), Repräsentation und Verarbeitung räumlichen Wissens Informatik Fachberichte245. Berlin: Springer.

Molenaar, M. (1995). Spatial concept as implemented in GIS. In Frank, Andrew U. (Ed.),Geografic Information Systems. Materials for a Post-Graduate Course


GeoInfo/COMETT Series. Vienna: Technical University Vienna, Department ofGeoinformation.

Montello, Daniel R. (1993). Scale and multiple psychologies of space. In Frank, Andrew U. &Campari, Irene (Eds.), Spatial Information Theory. A Theoretical Basis for GIS LectureNotes in Computer Science 716. Berlin: Springer.

Montello, Daniel R. (1997). The perception and cognition of environmental distance: Directsources of information. In Hirtle, Stephen C. & Frank, Andrew U. (Eds.), SpatialInformation Theory. A Theoretical Basis for GIS Lecture Notes in Computer Science1329. Berlin: Springer.

Moore, E. H. (1902). On the projective axioms of geometry. Transactions of the AmericanMathematical Society, 3, 142–158.

Moore, T. E. (Ed.) (1973). Cognitive Development and the Acquisition of Language. NewYork: Academic Press.

Moser, Hugo (1967). Satz und Wort im heutigen Deutsch. Sprache der Gegenwart: Schriftendes Instituts für Deutsche Sprache in Mannheim 1. Düsseldorf: Schwann.

Müller, Rolf, Röfer, Thomas, Lankenau, Axel, Musto, Alexandra, Stein, Klaus & Eisenkolb,Andreas (2000). Coarse qualitative descriptions in robot navigation. In Freksa, C.,Brauer, W., Habel, C. & Wender, K. F. (Eds.), Spatial Cognition II Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

Mukerjee, A. & Joe, G. (1990). A qualitative model for space. In AAAI MenloPark/Cambridge: AAAI Press/The MIT Press.

Mukerjee, Amitabha (1998). Neat Versus Scruffy: A Review of Computational Models forSpatial Expressions. In Olivier, Patrick & Gapp, Klaus-Peter (Eds.), Representation andProcessing of Spatial Expressions Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Muller, Philippe (1998). A qualitative theory of motion based on spatio-temporal primitives.In KR San Francisco, CA: Morgan Kaufman.

Musto, A. & Eisenkolb, A. (1998). Eine intermediäre Schicht in derBewegungswahrnehmung. Report. München: TU München.

Musto, Alexandra, Stein, Klaus, Eisenkolb, Andreas, Röfer, Thomas, Brauer, Wilfried &Schill, Kerstin (2000). From motion observation to qualitative motion representation. InFreksa, C., Brauer, W., Habel, C. & Wender, K. F. (Eds.), Spatial Cognition II Berlin:Springer-Verlag.

Musto, Alexandra, Stein, Klaus, Eisenkolb, Andreas, Schill, Kerstin & Brauer, Wilfried(1998). Generalization, Segmentation, and Classification of Qualitative Motion Data. InPrade, Henri (Ed.), ECAI 98. 13th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence JohnWiley & Sons.

Musto, Alexandra, Stein, Klaus, Schill, Kerstin, Eisenkolb, Andreas & Brauer, Wilfried(1999). Qualitative motion representations in egocentric and allocentric frames ofreference. In Freksa, C. & Mark, D. M. (Eds.), Spatial Information Theory. Cognitiveand Computational Foundations of Geographic Information Science Lecture Notes inArtificial Intelligence 1661. Berlin: Springer.

Nadel, Lynn, Thomas, K. G. F., Laurance, Holly E., Skelton, R., Tal, T. & Jacobs, W. Jake(1998). Human place learning in a computer generated arena. In Freksa, Christian,Habel, Christopher & Wender, Karl F. (Eds.), Spatial Cognition Lecture Notes inArtificial Intelligence 1404. Berlin: Springer.

Naigles, Letitia R., Eisenberg, Ann. R., Kako, Edward T., Highter, Melissa & McGraw,Nancy (1998). Speaking of motion: Verb use in English and Spanish. Language andCognitive Processes, 13, 521–549.

Needham, Paul (1981). Temporal intervals and temporal order. Journal of Semantics, 24, 49–64.

Neumann, B. (1989). Natural language description of time-varying scenes. In Waltz, D. L.(Ed.), Semantic Structures Hillsdale, NY: Erlbaum.


Neumann, B. & Novak, H. J. (1983). Event models for recognition and natural-languagedescription of events in realworld image sequences. In Proceedings of the 8thInternational Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI) Karlsruhe.

Newell, K. M. & Morrison, S. (1996). Frames of reference and normal movement. Behavioraland Brain Sciences, 19 (1), 83.

Nickerson, R. (Ed.) (1980). Attention and Performance. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.Nikanne, Urpo (2000). How Finish postpositions see the axis system. In van der Zee, Emile &

Slack, Jon (Eds.), Proceedings of the Workshop on Axes and Vectors in Language andSpace Lincoln, UK: University of Lincolnshire and Humberside.

Nuyts, Jan & Pederson, Eric (Eds.) (1997). Language and Conceptualization. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.

O’Brien, R. J. (Ed.) (1971). Georgetown University Monograph Series on Language andLinguistics. Washington, DC: Georgetown UP.

O’Keefe, John (1993). Kant and the sea-horse: An essay in the neurophilosophy of space. InEilan, N., McCarthy, R. & Brewer, B. (Eds.), Spatial Representation: Problems inPhilosophy and Psychology Oxford: Blackwell.

O’Keefe, John (1996). The spatial prepositions in English, vector grammar, and the cognitivemap theory. In Bloom, Paul, Petersen, Mary A., Nadel, Lynn & Garrett, Merrill F.(Eds.), Language and Space Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.

Oesker, Markus, Hecht, Heiko & Jung, Bernhard (1999). Sense and nonsense in realtimecharacter animation - psychological evidence for unconscious processing of detail. InWachsmuth, I. & Jung, B. (Eds.), KogWis99: Proceedings der 4. Fachtagung derGesellschaft für Kognitionswissenschaft, Bielefeld, 28. September - 1. Oktober 1999Sankt Augustin: Infix.

Okabe, A., Boots, B. & Sugihara, K. (1992). Spatial Tesselations: Concepts and Applicationsof Voronoï Diagrams. New York: Wiley.

Olivier, Patrick & Gapp, Klaus-Peter (Eds.) (1998). Representation and Processing of SpatialExpressions. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Olsen, S. (1996). Pleonastische Direktionale. In Harras, G. & Bierwisch, M. (Eds.), Wenn dieSemantik arbeitet Tübingen: Niemeyer.

Olsen, S. (Ed.) (1998). Semantische und konzeptuelle Aspekte der Partikelverbbildung mit‘ein-’. Tübingen: Stauffenburg Verlag.

Olson, David R. & Bialystok, Ellen (1983). Spatial Cognition: The Structure andDevelopment of Mental Representations of Spatial Relations. Hillsdale, NJ: LawrenceErlbaum.

Olson, David R. & Bialystok, Ellen (1987). Spatial categories: The perception andconceptualisation of spatial relations. In Harnad, Steven R. (Ed.), CategoricalPerception: The Groundwork for Cognition Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Ostler, N. (1980). Origins, orientations and endpoints: Evidence for a finer analysis ofthematic relations. Studies in English Linguistics, 8, 10–22.

Paillard, J. (Ed.) (1991). Brain and Space. Oxford: Oxford Science.Palmer, S. (1978). Fundamental aspects of cognitive representations. In Rosch, E. & Lloyd, B.

(Eds.), Cognition and Categorization Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.Palmer, S. E. (1977). Hierarchical structure in perceptual representation. Cognitive

Psychology, 9, 441–474.Palmer, S. E. (1980). What makes triangles point: local and global effects in configurations of

ambiguous triangles. Cognitive Psychology, 12, 285–305.Palmer, S. E. (1988). Reference frames in the perception of shape and orientation. In Shepp,

B. & Ballesteros, S. (Eds.), Object Perception: Structure and Process Hillsdale, NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Pambuccian, V. (1989). Simple axiom systems for Euclidean geometry. MathematicalChronicle, 18, 63–74.


Pambuccian, V. (1997). On the simplicity of an axiom system for plane Euclidean geometry.Demonstratio Mathematica, 30, 509–512.

Papadias, Dimitris & Sellis, Timos (1993). The semantics of relations in 2D space usingrepresentative points: Spatial indexes. In Frank, Andrew U. & Campari, Irene (Eds.),Spatial Information Theory. A Theoretical Basis for GIS Lecture Notes in ComputerScience 716. Berlin: Springer.

Park, Il-Pyung & Kender, John R. (1995). Topological direction-giving and visual navigationin large environments. Artificial Intelligence, 78, 355–395.

Pasch, M. (1882). Vorlesung über neuere Geometrie. Leipzig: B.G. Teubner.Peacocke, Christopher (1993). Intuitive mechanics, psychological reality and the idea of a

material object. In Eilan, N., McCarthy, R. & Brewer, B. (Eds.), Spatial Representation:Problems in Philosophy and Psychology Oxford: Blackwell.

Pederson, Eric (1993). Geographic and manipulable space in two Tamil linguistic systems. InFrank, Andrew U. & Campari, Irene (Eds.), Spatial Information Theory. A TheoreticalBasis for GIS Lecture Notes in Computer Science 716. Berlin: Springer.

Pederson, Eric (1993). Geographic and Manipulable Space in two Tamil Linguistic Systems.Working Paper No. 20. Nijmegen: Cognitive Anthropology Research Group at the MaxPlanck Institute for Psycholinguistics.

Pederson, Eric (1995). Language as context, language as means: spatial cognition and habituallanguage use. Cognitive Linguistics, 6, 33–62.

Pederson, Eric, Danziger, Eve, Wilkins, David, Levinson, Stephen, Kita, Sotaro & Senft,Gunter (1998). Semantic typology and spatial conceptualization. Language, 74, 557–589.

Peixoto, M. (Ed.) (1973). Dynamical Systems. New York.Pelz, J. B. & Hayhoe, M. M. (1995). The role of exocentric reference frames in the perception

of visual direction. Vision Research, 35 (16), 2267.Peruch, P. & Lapin, E. A. (1993). Route knowledge in different spatial frames of reference.

Acta Psychologica, 84 (3), 253.Peruch, P. & Savoyant, A. (1991). Conflicting spatial frames of reference in a locating task.

Advances in Psychology, 80, 47–58.Péruch, Patrick, Belingard, Loïc & Thinus-Blanc, Catherine (2000). Transfer of spatial

knowledge from virtual to real environments. In Freksa, C., Brauer, W., Habel, C. &Wender, K. F. (Eds.), Spatial Cognition II Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

Perzanowski, J. (1993). Locative ontology. Parts I–III. Logic and Logical Philosophy, 1, 7–94.Peterson, Mary A., Nadel, Lynn, Bloom, Paul & Garrett, Merrill (1996). Space and language.

In Bloom, Paul, Petersen, Mary A., Nadel, Lynn & Garrett, Merrill F. (Eds.), Languageand Space Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.

Pick, H. & Acredolo, L. (Eds.) (1983). Spatial Orientation. New York: Plenum.Pick, Herbert L. Jr (1993). Organization of spatial knowledge in children. In Eilan, N.,

McCarthy, R. & Brewer, B. (Eds.), Spatial Representation: Problems in Philosophy andPsychology Oxford: Blackwell.

Pick Jr., Herbert L. (1993). Organization of spatial knowledge in children. In Eilan, N.,McCarthy, R. & Brewer, B. (Eds.), Spatial Representation: Problems in Philosophy andPsychology Oxford: Blackwell.

Pierce, David & Kuipers, Benjamin J. (1997). Map learning with uninterpreted sensors andeffectors. Artificial Intelligence, 92, 169–227.

Pinkal, Manfred (1985). Logik und Lexikon. Zur Semantik des Unbestimmten. Berlin: Walterde Gruyter.

Pinkster, Harm & Genea, Inge (Eds.) (1990). Unity in Diversity. Papers presented to Simon C.Dik on his 50th Birthday. Dordrecht: Foris.


Pratt, Ian (1993). Map semantics. In Frank, Andrew U. & Campari, Irene (Eds.), SpatialInformation Theory. A Theoretical Basis for GIS Lecture Notes in Computer Science716. Berlin: Springer.

Pratt, Ian (1999). First-order qualitative spatial representation languages with convexity.Spatial Cognition and Computation, 1, 181–204.

Pratt, Ian & Schoop, Dominik (1998). A complete axiom system for polygonal mereotopologyof the real plane. Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic, 38, 621–658.

Pratt, Ian & Schoop, Dominik (2000). Expressivity in polygonal plane mereotopology. TheJournal of Symbolic Logic, 65, 822–838.

Pribbenow, Simone (1990). Interaktion von propositionalen und bildhaften Repräsentationen.In Freksa, Christian & Habel, Christopher (Eds.), Repräsentation und Verarbeitungräumlichen Wissens Informatik Fachberichte 245. Berlin: Springer.

Pylyshyn, Z. W. (1994). Some primitive mechanisms of spatial attention. Cognition, 50, 363–384.

Quinlan, P. T. (1995). Evidence for the use of scene-based frames of reference in two-dimensional shape recognition. Spatial Vision, 9 (1), 101.

Quinlan, Philip T. & Humphreys, Glyn W. (1993). Perceptual frames of reference and two-dimensional shape recognition: further examination of internal axes. Perception, 22(11), 1343–1364.

Radden, Günter (1989). Das Bewegungskonzept: ‘to come’ und ‘to go’. In Habel,Christopher, Herweg, Michael & Rehkämper, Klaus (Eds.), Raumkonzepte inVerstehensprozessen Tübingen: Niemeyer.

Ramirez, J. Raul (1993). Development of a cartographic language. In Frank, Andrew U. &Campari, Irene (Eds.), Spatial Information Theory. A Theoretical Basis for GIS LectureNotes in Computer Science 716. Berlin: Springer.

Randell, D. A. & Cohn, A. G. (1992). Exploiting lattices in a theory of space and time.Computers and Mathematics with Applications, 23, 459–476.

Randell, D. A., Cohn, A. G. & Cui, Z. (1992). Computing transitivity tables: A challenge forautomated theorem provers. In CADE’92 Berlin: Springer.

Raper, J. (Ed.) (1989). Three Dimensional Applications in Geographic Information Systems.London: Taylor and Francis.

Rapp, Irene (1997). Fakultativität von Verbargumenten als Reflex der semantischen Struktur.Linguistische Berichte, 172, 490–529.

Raubal, Martin & Worboys, Michael (1999). A formal model of the process of wayfinding inbuilt environments. In Freksa, C. & Mark, D. M. (Eds.), Spatial Information Theory.Cognitive and Computational Foundations of Geographic Information Science LectureNotes in Artificial Intelligence 1661. Berlin: Springer.

Rauh, Gisa (1997). Lokale Präpositionen und referentielle Argumente. Linguistische Berichte,171, 415–442.

Rauh, Reinhold & Kulik, Lars (2000). The influence of linear shapes on solving interval-based configuration problems. In Freksa, C., Brauer, W., Habel, C. & Wender, K. F.(Eds.), Spatial Cognition II Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

Regier, Terry (1995). A model of the human capacity for categorizing spatial relations.Cognitive Linguistics, 6, 63–88.

Rehkämper, Klaus (1990). Mentale Bilder – analoge Repräsentationen. In Freksa, Christian &Habel, Christopher (Eds.), Repräsentation und Verarbeitung räumlichen WissensInformatik Fachberichte 245. Berlin: Springer.

Rehkämper, Klaus (1999). Sinnesempfindungen und mentale Bilder. In Wachsmuth, I. &Jung, B. (Eds.), KogWis99: Proceedings der 4. Fachtagung der Gesellschaft fürKognitionswissenschaft, Bielefeld, 28. September - 1. Oktober 1999 Sankt Augustin:Infix.

Reisberg, D. (Ed.) (1992). Auditory Imagery. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.


Remolina, Emilio, Fernandez, Juan A., Kuipers, Benjamin & Gonzalez, Javier (1999).Formalizing regions in the spatial semantic hierarchy: an ah-graphs implementationapproach. In Freksa, C. & Mark, D. M. (Eds.), Spatial Information Theory. Cognitiveand Computational Foundations of Geographic Information Science Lecture Notes inArtificial Intelligence 1661. Berlin: Springer.

Renz, Jochen & Nebel, Bernhard (1997). On the complexity of qualitative spatial reasoning:A maximal tractable fragment of the Region Connection Calculus. In Pollack, Martha E.(Ed.), IJCAI San Francisco, Calif.: Kaufmann.

Renz, Jochen & Nebel, Bernhard (1998). Spatial reasoning with topological information. InFreksa, Christian, Habel, Christopher & Wender, Karl F. (Eds.), Spatial CognitionLecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1404. Berlin: Springer.

Renz, Jochen, Rauh, Reinhold & Knauff, Markus (2000). Towards cognitive adequacy oftopological spatial relations. In Freksa, C., Brauer, W., Habel, C. & Wender, K. F.(Eds.), Spatial Cognition II Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

Rescher, N. (Ed.) (1967). The Logic of Decision and Action. Pittsburgh: University ofPittsburgh Press.

Restat, Jan (1999). Kognitive Kinästhetik. Die modale Grundlage des amodalen räumlichenWissens. Lengerich: Pabst.

Retz-Schmidt, Gudula (1988). Various views on spatial prepositions. AI Magazine, 9 (2), 95–105.

Richards, W. & Hoffman, D. (1995). Codon constraints on closed 2-D-shapes. ComputerVision, Graphics and Image Processing, 31, 265–281.

Richardson, Daniel C. (2000). Representation, space and Hollywood Squares: looking atthings that aren’t there anymore. Cognition, 76, 269–295.

Rickheit, G. (Ed.) (1999). Richtungen im Raum. Interdisziplinäre Perspektiven. Wiesbaden:Deutscher Universitätsverlag.

Riesbeck, Christopher K. (1980). ‘You Can’t Miss It!’: Judging the Clarity of Directions.Cognitive Science, 4, 285–303.

Rieser, Hannes (1997). Repräsentations-Metonymie, Perspektive und Koordination inaufgabenorientierten Dialogen. In Umbach, Carla, Grabski, Michael & Hörnig, Robin(Eds.), Perspektive in Sprache und Raum Wiesbaden: Deutscher Universitätsverlag.

Rinck, M. & Bower, G. H. (1995). Anaphora resolution and the focus of attention in situationmodels. Psychological Review, 94, 439–454.

Ritter, Helge (1999). Virtueller Raum. In Rickheit, G. (Ed.), Richtungen im Raum Wiesbaden:Deutscher Universitätsverlag.

Roca, I. (Ed.) (1992). Thematic Structure: Its Role in Grammar. Berlin: de Gruyter.Rock, I. (1973). Orientation and Form. New York: Academic Press.Rock, I., Wheeler, D. & Tudor, L. (1989). Can we imagine how objects look from other

viewpoints? Cognitive Psychology, 21, 185–210.Rock, Irvin (1990). The frame of reference. In Rock, Irvin (Ed.), The legacy of Solomon Asch:

Essays in cognition and social psychology Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.Rock, Irvin (1992). Comments on Asch and Witkin’s ‘Studies in space orientation 2’. Journal

of Experimental Psychology, 121, 404–406.Rock, Irvin (Ed.) (1990). The legacy of Solomon Asch: Essays in cognition and social

psychology. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.Röfer, Thomas (1999). Route navigation using motion analysis. In Freksa, C. & Mark, D. M.

(Eds.), Spatial Information Theory. Cognitive and Computational Foundations ofGeographic Information Science Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1661. Berlin:Springer.

Rosch, E. & Lloyd, B. (Eds.) (1978). Cognition and Categorization. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.Rosch, E., Mervis, C., Gray, W., Johnson, D. & Boyes-Braem, P. (1976). Basic objects in

natural categories. Cognitive Psychology, 8, 382–439.


Rosenfeld, Azriel (1979). Digital topology. The American Mathematical Monthly, 86, 621–630.

Roßdeutscher, Antje (1997). Perspektive und propositionale Einstellung in der Semantik vonkommen. In Umbach, Carla, Grabski, Michael & Hörnig, Robin (Eds.), Perspektive inSprache und Raum Wiesbaden: Deutscher Universitätsverlag.

Rothkegel, Rainer, Wender, Karl F. & Schumacher, Sabine (1998). Judging spatial relationsfrom memory. In Freksa, Christian, Habel, Christopher & Wender, Karl F. (Eds.),Spatial Cognition Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1404. Berlin: Springer.

Ruddle, Roy A. (2000). Navigating overlapping virtual worlds: Arriving in one place andfinding that you’re somewhere else. In Freksa, C., Brauer, W., Habel, C. & Wender, K.F. (Eds.), Spatial Cognition II Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

Ruhrberg, Peter & Rutz, Heike (1990). Räumliches Wissen und Semantik im Kontext derGenerierung von Wegbeschreibungen. In Freksa, Christian & Habel, Christopher (Eds.),Repräsentation und Verarbeitung räumlichen Wissens Informatik Fachberichte 245.Berlin: Springer.

Ruzika, R. & Motsch, W. (Eds.) (1983). Untersuchungen zur Semantik. studia grammatica.Berlin: Akademie-Verlag.

Sablayrolles, Pierre (1992). How motion can be used for formalizing spatial and spatio-temporal semantics of natural languages. In Pribbenow, Simone & Schlieder, Christoph(Eds.), Proceedings of ECAI-92 Workshop on Spatial Concepts Vienna.

Sablayrolles, Pierre (1993). Spatio-Temporal Semantics in Natural Languages: The case ofMotion. In Aurnague, Michel, Borillo, Andrée, Borillo, Mario & Bras, Myriam (Eds.),Working Papers “Semantics of Time, Space and Movement” Toulouse: IRIT, GroupeLRC.

Sablayrolles, Pierre (1995). The Semantics of Motion. In EACL Student Session Dublin.Sablayrolles, Pierre (1995). The semantics of motion in French expressed in a theory of space-

time. In Proceedings of the Toulouse-Donostia WorkshopSadalla, E., Burroughs, W. J. & Staplin, L. (1980). Reference points in spatial cognition.

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 5, 516–528.Sagerer, Gerhard, Wachsmuth, Sven, Brandt-Pool, Hans & Kummert, Franz (1999). Ein

Raummodell für die Benennung von Objekten in 3D-Szenen. In Rickheit, G. (Ed.),Richtungen im Raum Wiesbaden: Deutscher Universitätsverlag.

Sandra, Dominiek & Rice, Sally (1995). Network analyses of prepositional meaning:Mirroring whose mind – the linguist’s or the language user’s. Cognitive Linguistics, 6,89–130.

Saund, Eric (1992). Putting knowledge into a visual shape representation. ArtificialIntelligence, 54, 71–119.

Scaife, M. & Rogers, Y. (1996). External cognition: How do graphical representations work.International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 45, 185–213.

Schepping, Marie-Theres (1989). Bewegung und Wahrnehmung. In Habel, Christopher,Herweg, Michael & Rehkämper, Klaus (Eds.), Raumkonzepte in VerstehensprozessenTübingen: Niemeyer.

Schlieder, Christoph (1990). Anordnung. Eine Fallstudie zur Semantik bildhafterRepräsentation. In Freksa, Christian & Habel, Christopher (Eds.), Repräsentation undVerarbeitung räumlichen Wissens Informatik Fachberichte 245. Berlin: Springer.

Schlieder, Christoph (1995). Ordering information and symbolic projection. In Chang, S. K.,Jungert, E. & Tortora, G. (Eds.), Intelligent Image Database Systems Singapore: WorldScientific Publishing.

Schlieder, Christoph (1995). Reasoning about ordering. In Frank, Andrew U. & Kuhn, Werner(Eds.), Spatial Information Theory. A Theoretical Basis for GIS Lecture Notes inComputer Science 988. Berlin: Springer.


Schlieder, Christoph (1996). Qualitative shape representation. In Burrough, Peter A. & Frank,Andrew U. (Eds.), Geographic Objects with Indeterminate Boundaries London: Taylor& Francis.

Schlieder, Christoph (1997). Räumliche Repräsentation im diagrammatischen Schließen. InUmbach, Carla, Grabski, Michael & Hörnig, Robin (Eds.), Perspektive in Sprache undRaum Wiesbaden: Deutscher Universitätsverlag.

Schlieder, Christoph & Hagen, Cornelius (2000). Interactive layout generation with adiagrammatic constraint language. In Freksa, C., Brauer, W., Habel, C. & Wender, K. F.(Eds.), Spatial Cognition II Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

Schnelle, H. & Rickheit, G. (Eds.) (1988). Sprache in Mensch und Computer. Wiesbaden:Westdeutscher Verlag.

Schober, M. F. (1993). Spatial perspective-taking in conversation. Cognition, 47, 1–24.Schober, Michael F. (1995). Speakers, addressees, and frames of reference: Whose effort is

minimized in conversations about locations? Discourse Processes, 20 (2), 219.Schober, Michael F. (1998). How Addressees Affect Spatial Perspective Choice in Dialogue.

In Olivier, Patrick & Gapp, Klaus-Peter (Eds.), Representation and Processing ofSpatial Expressions Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Schreuder Peters, Misja, van Gool, Milko & Messing, Ester (1992). A Bibliography on Space,Deixis, and Related Topics, with Index. Working Paper No. 15. Nijmegen: CognitiveAnthropology Research Group at the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics.

Schumacher, Sabine, Wender, Karl Friedrich & Rothkegel, Rainer (2000). Influences ofcontext on memory for routes. In Freksa, C., Brauer, W., Habel, C. & Wender, K. F.(Eds.), Spatial Cognition II Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

Schwabhäuser, W., Szmielew, W. & Tarski, A. (1983). Metamathematische Methoden in derGeometrie. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

Schwartz, J. T. & Sharir, M. (1988). A survey of motion planning and related geometricalgorithms. Artificial Intelligence, 37, 157–169.

Schwartz, J. T. & Sharir, M. (1988). A survey of motion planning and related geometricalgorithms. Artificial Intelligence, 37, 157–169.

Schwarz, Monika (Ed.) (1994). Kognitive Semantik / Cognitive Semantics. Ergebnisse,Probleme, Perspektiven. Tübingen: Gunter Narr Verlag.

Schwarze, Christoph (1991). Concept types and parts of speech with special reference to thelexicalization of region concepts in French. Journal of Semantics, 8, 333–361.

Schweizer, Harro (Ed.) (1985). Sprache und Raum. Psychologische und linguistische Aspekteder Aneignung und Verarbeitung von Räumlichkeit. Stuttgart: Metzler.

Schweizer, Karin, Herrmann, Theo, Janzen, Gabriele & Katz, Steffi (1998). The routedirection effect and its constraints. In Freksa, Christian, Habel, Christopher & Wender,Karl F. (Eds.), Spatial Cognition Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1404. Berlin:Springer.

Schweizer, Karin, Herrmann, Theo, Katz, Steffi, Janzen, Gabriele & Trendler, Günter (1999).Überblick und Seitenblick. Untersuchung zum Distanzschätzen. Arbeiten desMannheimer Teilprojekts im DFG-Schwerpunktprogramm ‘Raumkognition’. 3.Mannheim: Universität Mannheim.

Shanahan, Murray (1995). Default reasoning about spatial occupancy. Artificial Intelligence,74, 147–163.

Shanon, B. (1983). Answers to where-questions. Discourse Processes, 6, 319–352.Shanon, B. (1984). Room descriptions. Discourse Processes, 7, 225–255.Shepard, Roger N. (1994). Perceptual-cognitive universals as reflections of the world.

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 1 (1), 2–28.Shepp, B. & Ballesteros, S. (Eds.) (1988). Object Perception: Structure and Process.

Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Shimaya, A. (1995). Interpreting non-3-D line drawings. Artificial Intelligence, 77, 1–41.


Sholl, J. & Egeth, H. E. (1981). Right-left confusion in the adult: A verbal labeling effect.Memory and Cognition, 9, 339–350.

Shopen, T. (Ed.) (1985). Language Typology and Syntactic Description. Vol.3: GrammaticalCategories and the Lexicon. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Sichelschmidt, Lorenz (1989). Wo ‘hier’ ‘dort’ ist – primär- und sekundärdeiktischeRaumreferenz. In Habel, Christopher, Herweg, Michael & Rehkämper, Klaus (Eds.),Raumkonzepte in Verstehensprozessen Tübingen: Niemeyer.

Sinha, Chris & Thorseng, Lis A. (1995). A coding system for spatial relational reference.Cognitive Linguistics, 6, 261–309.

Sinha, Chris, Thorseng, Lis A., Hayashi, Mariko & Plunkett, Kim (1994). Comparative spatialsemantics and language acquisition: Evidence from Danish, English, and Japanese.Journal of Semantics, 11, 253–287.

Slobin, Dan I. (1996). Two Ways to Travel: Verbs of Motion in English and Spanish. OxfordUniversity Press: Oxford.

Smith, Barry (1999). Agglomerations. In Freksa, C. & Mark, D. M. (Eds.), SpatialInformation Theory. Cognitive and Computational Foundations of GeographicInformation Science Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1661. Berlin: Springer.

Smith, Barry (Ed.) (1988). Foundations of Gestalt-theory. München: Philosophia.Smith, Barry & Varzi, Achille C. (1997). Fiat and bona fide boundaries: Towards an ontology

of spatially extended objects. In Hirtle, Stephen C. & Frank, Andrew U. (Eds.), SpatialInformation Theory. A Theoretical Basis for GIS Lecture Notes in Computer Science1329. Berlin: Springer.

Smith, L., Jones, S. & Landau, Barbara (1992). Count nouns, adjectives, and perceptualproperties in children’s novel word interpretations. Developmental Psychology, 28,272–286.

Soechting, J. F. & Flanders, M. (1992). Moving in three-dimensional space: frames ofreference vectors, and coordinate systems. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 15, 167–192.

Sondheimer, Norman K. (1978). A semantic analysis of reference to spatial properties.Linguistics and Philosophy, 2, 235–280.

Sorabji, R. (1988). Matter, Space, and Motion: Theories in Antiquity and their Sequel.London: Duckworth.

Sorrows, Molly E. & Hirtle, Stephen C. (1999). The nature of landmarks for real andelectronic spaces. In Freksa, C. & Mark, D. M. (Eds.), Spatial Information Theory.Cognitive and Computational Foundations of Geographic Information Science LectureNotes in Artificial Intelligence 1661. Berlin: Springer.

Spelke, Elizabeth S. & Walle, Gretchen A. Van de (1993). Perceiving and reasoning aboutobjects: Insights from infants. In Eilan, N., McCarthy, R. & Brewer, B. (Eds.), SpatialRepresentation: Problems in Philosophy and Psychology Oxford: Blackwell.

Spivey-Knowlton, Michael J., Tanenhaus, Michael K., Eberhard, Kathleen M. & Sedivy, JulieC. (1998). Integration of Visuospatial and Linguistic Information: LanguageComprehension in Real Time and Real Space. In Olivier, Patrick & Gapp, Klaus-Peter(Eds.), Representation and Processing of Spatial Expressions Mahwah, New Jersey:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Stechow, Arnim von & Wunderlich, Dieter (Eds.) (1991). Semantik. Ein internationalesHandbuch der zeitgenössischen Forschung. Berlin/New York: de Gruyter.

Steinberg, D. D. & Jakobovits, L. A. (Eds.) (1971). Semantics. An Interdisciplinary Reader inPhilosophy, Linguistics, and Psychology. Cambridge: Cambridge UP.

Stell, John G. (1999). Granulation for graphs. In Freksa, C. & Mark, D. M. (Eds.), SpatialInformation Theory. Cognitive and Computational Foundations of GeographicInformation Science Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1661. Berlin: Springer.


Stenning, K. & Oberlander, J. (1995). A cognitive theory of graphical and linguisticreasoning: Logic and implementation. Cognitive Science, 19, 97–140.

Stern, W. (1936). Raum und Zeit als personale Dimensionen. Acta Psychologica, 1, 220–232.Stevens, A. & Coupe, P. (1978). Distortions in judged spatial relations. Cognitive Psychology,

10, 422–437.Stevens, Kent A. (1981). The visual interpretation of surface contours. Artificial Intelligence,

17, 47–73.Stiehl, Siegfried (1990). Issues of spatial representation in computational vision. In Freksa,

Christian & Habel, Christopher (Eds.), Repräsentation und Verarbeitung räumlichenWissens Informatik Fachberichte 245. Berlin: Springer.

Stock, Oliviero (Ed.) (1997). Spatial and Temporal Reasoning. Dordrecht: Kluwer.Strang, G. (1982). The width of a chair. The American Mathematical Monthly, 89, 529–534.Streeter, L. A. & Vitello, D. (1986). A profile of drivers map-reading abilities. Human

Factors, 28, 223–239.Streeter, Lynn A., Vitello, Diane & Wonsiewics, Susan A. (1985). How to tell people where to go: comparing navigational aids. International Journal of Man-

Machine Studies, 22, 549–562.Strohecker, Carol (2000). Cognitive zoom: From object to path and back again. In Freksa, C.,

Brauer, W., Habel, C. & Wender, K. F. (Eds.), Spatial Cognition II Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

Studer, R. (Ed.) (1990). Natural Language and Logic. Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.Berlin: Springer.

Stutterheim, Christiane von (1990). Einige Probleme bei der Beschreibung vonLokalisationen. Zeitschrift für Literaturwissenschaft und Linguistik, 78, 98–116.

Suppes, P. & Crangle, C. (1988). Context fixing semantics for the language of action. InDancy, J., Moravcsik, J. & Taylor, C. (Eds.), Human Agency: Language, Duty, andValue Stanford, CA.

Svorou, S. (1994). The grammar of space. Amsterdam: Benjamins.Swanston, M. T. (1994). Frames of reference and motion after effects. Perception, 23 (10),

1257.Szczerba, L. W. & Tarski, A. (1965). Metamathematical properties of some affine geometries.

In Bar-Hillel, Y. (Ed.), Proceedings of the 1964 International Congress for Logic,Methodology and Philosophy of Science Amsterdam: North-Holland PublishingCompany.

Szczerba, L. W. & Tarski, A. (1979). Metamathematical discussion of some affinegeometries. Fundamenta Mathematicae, 104, 155–192.

Szmielew, W. (1983). From affine to Euclidean geometry: An axiomatic approach.Dordrecht: D. Reidel.

Takano, Y. (1989). Perception of rotated forms: A theory of information types. CognitivePsychology, 21, 1–59.

Talmy, Leonard (1975). Semantics and syntax of motion. In Kimball, J. P. (Ed.), Syntax andSemantics 4 New York: Academic Press.

Talmy, Leonard (1983). How language structures space. In Pick, H. & Acredolo, L. (Eds.),Spatial Orientation New York: Plenum.

Talmy, Leonard (1985). Lexicalization patterns: Semantic structure in lexical forms. InShopen, T. (Ed.), Language Typology and Syntactic Description. Vol.3: GrammaticalCategories and the Lexicon Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Talmy, Leonard (1996). Fictive motion in language and ‘ception’. In Bloom, Paul, Petersen,Mary A., Nadel, Lynn & Garrett, Merrill F. (Eds.), Language and Space Cambridge,MA: The MIT Press.

Tanz, Ch. (1980). Studies in the acquisition of deictic terms. Cambridge: CambridgeUniversity Press.


Tappe, Heike (2000). Perspektivenwahl in Beschreibungen dynamischer und statischerWegeskizzen. In Habel, Christopher & Stutterheim, Christiane von (Eds.), RäumlicheKonzepte und sprachliche Strukturen Tübingen: Niemeyer.

Tarr, M. & Pinker, S. (1989). Mental rotation and orientation dependence in shaperecognition. Cognitive Psychology, 21, 233–282.

Tarski, A. (1935). Einige methodologische Untersuchungen über die Definierbarkeit derBegriffe. Erkenntnis, 5, 80–100.

Taylor, H. A. & Tversky, B. (1992). Descriptions and depictions of environments. Memoryand Cognition, 20, 483–496.

Taylor, H. A. & Tversky, B. (1992). Spatial mental models derived from survey and routedescriptions. Journal of Memory and Language, 31, 261–292.

Taylor, Holly A. & Tversky, Barbara (1996). Perspective in spatial descriptions. Journal ofMemory and Language, 35, 371–391.

Teller, Paul (1969). Some discussion and extension of Manfred Bierwisch’s work on Germanadjectivals. Foundations of Language, 5, 185–217.

ter Meulen, Alice G. B. (1997). Perspektiven in der dynamischen Semantik. In Umbach,Carla, Grabski, Michael & Hörnig, Robin (Eds.), Perspektive in Sprache und RaumWiesbaden: Deutscher Universitätsverlag.

Terzopoulos, D., Witkin, A. & Kass, M. (1988). Constraints on deformable models:recovering 3D shape and nonrigid motion. Artificial Intelligence, 36, 91–123.

Terzopoulos, Demetri, Witkin, Andrew & Kass, Michael (1988). Constraints on deformablemodels: recovering 3D shape and nonrigid motion. Artificial Intelligence, 36, 91–123.

Teuchert-Noodt, Gertraud & Davirs, Ralph (1999). Zur neuronalen Repräsentation undDynamik räumlicher und zeitlicher Informationsbildung im limbo-präfrontalen System.In Rickheit, G. (Ed.), Richtungen im Raum Wiesbaden: Deutscher Universitätsverlag.

Thom, R. (1970). Topologie et linguistique. In Haefliger, A. & Narasimhan, R. (Eds.), Essayson Topology and Related Topics (Memoires dedicated to Georges de Rham) New York.

Thom, R. (1973). Langage et catastrophes: Eléments pour une sémantique topologique. InPeixoto, M. (Ed.), Dynamical Systems New York.

Thom, R. (1973). Sur la typologie des langues naturelles essai d’interprétationpsycholinguistique. In Gross, M., Halle, M. & Schützenberger, M.-P. (Eds.), TheFormal Analysis of Natural Languages Paris.

Thorndyke, Perry W. & Hayes-Roth, Barbara (1982). Differences in spatial knowledgeacquired from maps and navigation. Cognitive Psychology, 14, 560–589.

Timpf, Sabine (1999). Abstraction, levels of detail, and hierarchies in map series. In Freksa,C. & Mark, D. M. (Eds.), Spatial Information Theory. Cognitive and ComputationalFoundations of Geographic Information Science Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence1661. Berlin: Springer.

Tischer, Bernd (1990). Das Erkennen richtungsräumlicher Objektrelationen auf der Grundlageverbaler und bildlicher Informationen. In Freksa, Christian & Habel, Christopher (Eds.),Repräsentation und Verarbeitung räumlichen Wissens Informatik Fachberichte 245.Berlin: Springer.

Traugott, Elisabeth Closs (1978). On the expression of spatio-temporal relations in language.In Greenberg, Joseph H., Ferguson, Charles A. & Moravcsik, Edith A. (Eds.),Universals of Human Language Stanford: Stanford University Press.

Tschander, Ladina B. (1999). Bewegung und Bewegungsverben. In Wachsmuth, I. & Jung, B.(Eds.), KogWis99: Proceedings der 4. Fachtagung der Gesellschaft fürKognitionswissenschaft, Bielefeld, 28. September - 1. Oktober 1999 Sankt Augustin:Infix.

Tversky, B. (1995). Cognitive origins of graphic conventions. In Marchese, F. T. (Ed.),Understanding Images New York: Springer-Verlag.


Tversky, Barbara (1993). Cognitive maps, cognitive collages, and spatial mental models. InFrank, Andrew U. & Campari, Irene (Eds.), Spatial Information Theory. A TheoreticalBasis for GIS Lecture Notes in Computer Science 716. Berlin: Springer.

Tversky, Barbara (1996). Spatial perspectives in descriptions. In Bloom, Paul, Petersen, MaryA., Nadel, Lynn & Garrett, Merrill F. (Eds.), Language and Space Cambridge, MA: TheMIT Press.

Tversky, Barbara (2000). Places: Points, paths, and portions. In van der Zee, Emile & Slack,Jon (Eds.), Proceedings of the Workshop on Axes and Vectors in Language and SpaceLincoln, UK: University of Lincolnshire and Humberside.

Tversky, Barbara (2000). Some ways that maps and diagrams communicate. In Freksa, C.,Brauer, W., Habel, C. & Wender, K. F. (Eds.), Spatial Cognition II Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

Tversky, Barbara, Franklin, Nancy, Taylor, Holly A. & Bryant, David J. (1994). Spatialmental models from descriptions. Journal of the American Society for InformationScience, 45 (9), 656–668.

Tversky, Barbara & Lee, Paul U. (1998). How space structures language. In Freksa, Christian,Habel, Christopher & Wender, Karl F. (Eds.), Spatial Cognition Lecture Notes inArtificial Intelligence 1404. Berlin: Springer.

Tversky, Barbara & Lee, Paul U. (1999). On pictorial and verbal tools for conveying routes. InFreksa, C. & Mark, D. M. (Eds.), Spatial Information Theory. Cognitive andComputational Foundations of Geographic Information Science Lecture Notes inArtificial Intelligence 1661. Berlin: Springer.

Tye, Michael (1993). Image indeterminacy: The picture theory of images and the bifurcationof ‘what’ and ‘where’ information in higher-level vision. In Eilan, N., McCarthy, R. &Brewer, B. (Eds.), Spatial Representation: Problems in Philosophy and PsychologyOxford: Blackwell.

Umbach, Carla (1997). Interpretationssteuerung – Apposition und Typisierung. In Umbach,Carla, Grabski, Michael & Hörnig, Robin (Eds.), Perspektive in Sprache und RaumWiesbaden: Deutscher Universitätsverlag.

Umbach, Carla, Grabski, Michael & Hörnig, Robin (Eds.) (1997). Perspektive in Sprache undRaum. Aspekte von Repräsentation und Perspektivität. Wiesbaden: DeutscherUniversitätsverlag.

Van Cleve, James & Frederick, Robert E. (Eds.) (1991). The Philosophy of Right and Left:Incongruent Counterparts and the Nature of Space. Dordrecht: Kluwer.

Van der Does, Jaap & van Lambalgen, Michiel (2000). A logic of vision. Linguistics andPhilosophy, 23, 1–92.

van der Zee, Emile (1996). Spatial Knowledge and Spatial Language. Doktorarbeit, Utrecht:Rijksuniversiteit Utrecht.

van der Zee, Emile (1999). A special role for 45°, 90° and 135° angles and straight lines invisual processing? In Wachsmuth, I. & Jung, B. (Eds.), KogWis99: Proceedings der 4.Fachtagung der Gesellschaft für Kognitionswissenschaft, Bielefeld, 28. September - 1.Oktober 1999 Sankt Augustin: Infix.

van Doorn, A. J., van der Grind, W. A. & Koenderink, J. J. (Eds.) (1984). Limits inPerception. Utrecht: VNU Science Press.

van Riemsdijk, Henk (1978). A case study in Syntactic Markedness. The Binding Nature ofPrepositional Phrases. Lisse: The Peter De Ridder Press.

van Riemsdijk, Henk (1990). Functional prepositions. In Pinkster, Harm & Genea, Inge(Eds.), Unity in Diversity Dordrecht: Foris.

Vandeloise, C. (1994). Methodology and analyses of the preposition ‘in’. CognitiveLinguistics, 5, 157–184.

Vandeloise, Claude (1991). Spatial Prepositions. A case study from French. Chicago:Chicago University Press.


Vater, Heinz (1991). Einführung in die Raum-Linguistik. Hürth: Gabel Verlag.Vendler, Zeno (1968). Adjectives and Nominalizations. The Hague: Mouton.Verkuyl, Henk & Zwarts, Joost (1992). Time and space in conceptual and logical semantics:

the notion of path. Linguistics, 30, 483–511.Vieu, Laure (1997). Spatial representation and reasoning. In Stock, Oliviero (Ed.), Spatial and

Temporal Reasoning Dordrecht: Kluwer.Vollmer, Gerhard (1999). Unterwegs in neue Dimensionen. Die Entdeckung des Raums durch

die Physik. In Rickheit, G. (Ed.), Richtungen im Raum Wiesbaden: DeutscherUniversitätsverlag.

Vorwerg, Constanze & Rickheit, Gert (1998). Typicality effects in the categorization ofspatial relations. In Freksa, Christian, Habel, Christopher & Wender, Karl F. (Eds.),Spatial Cognition Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1404. Berlin: Springer.

Vorwerg, Constanze & Rickheit, Gert (1999). Kognitive Bezugspunkte bei derKategorisierung von Richtungsrelationen. In Rickheit, G. (Ed.), Richtungen im RaumWiesbaden: Deutscher Universitätsverlag.

Vorwerg, Constanze & Rickheit, Gert (2000). Repräsentation und sprachliche Enkodierungräumlicher Relationen. In Habel, Christopher & Stutterheim, Christiane von (Eds.),Räumliche Konzepte und sprachliche Strukturen Tübingen: Niemeyer.

Voss, Claire R., Dorr, Bonnie J. & Sencan, Ülkü M. (1998). Lexical Allocation in Interlingua-Based Machine Translation of Spatial Expressions. In Olivier, Patrick & Gapp, Klaus-Peter (Eds.), Representation and Processing of Spatial Expressions Mahwah, NewJersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Wachsmuth, I. & Jung, B. (Eds.) (1999). KogWis99: Proceedings der 4. Fachtagung derGesellschaft für Kognitionswissenschaft, Bielefeld, 28. September - 1. Oktober 1999.Sankt Augustin: Infix.

Wachsmuth, Ipke (1999). Kommunikative Rhythmen in Gestik und Sprache. In Wachsmuth,I. & Jung, B. (Eds.), KogWis99: Proceedings der 4. Fachtagung der Gesellschaft fürKognitionswissenschaft, Bielefeld, 28. September - 1. Oktober 1999 Sankt Augustin:Infix.

Wachsmuth, Ipke (2000). Kommunikative Rhythmen in Gestik und Sprache.Kognitionswissenschaft, 8, 151–159.

Wagener, Monika, Mecklenbräuker, Silvia, Wippich, Werner, Saathoff, Jörg E. & Melzer,André (2000). Preparing a cup of tea and writing a letter: Do script-based actionsinfluence the representation of a real environment? In Freksa, C., Brauer, W., Habel, C.& Wender, K. F. (Eds.), Spatial Cognition II Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

Wagener-Wender, Monika, Wender, Karl F. & Rothkegel, Rainer (1997). Priming als Maß fürdas räumliche Gedächtnis. In Umbach, Carla, Grabski, Michael & Hörnig, Robin (Eds.),Perspektive in Sprache und Raum Wiesbaden: Deutscher Universitätsverlag.

Walker, Ellen L., Herman, Martin & Kanade, Takeo (1990). A framework for representingand reasoning about three-dimensional objects for vision. In Chen, S. (Ed.), Advances inSpatial Reasoning Norwood, NJ: Ablex.

Waltz, D. L. (Ed.) (1989). Semantic Structures. Hillsdale, NY: Erlbaum.Wartenberg, Fredrik, May, Mark & Péruch, Patrick (1998). Spatial orientation in virtual

environments: Background considerations and experiments. In Freksa, Christian, Habel,Christopher & Wender, Karl F. (Eds.), Spatial Cognition Lecture Notes in ArtificialIntelligence 1404. Berlin: Springer.

Webb, J. A. & Aggarwal, J. K. (1982). Structure from motion of rigid and jointed objects.Artificial Intelligence, 19, 107–130.

Wehner, Rüdiger (1999). Large-scale navigation: The insect case. In Freksa, C. & Mark, D.M. (Eds.), Spatial Information Theory. Cognitive and Computational Foundations ofGeographic Information Science Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1661. Berlin:Springer.


Weinhandl, Ferdinand (1974). Gestalthaftes Sehen. Ergebnisse und Aufgaben derMorphologie. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft.

Weissenborn, J. & Klein, Wolfgang (Eds.) (1982). Here and There. Cross Linguistic Studieson Deixis and Demonstration. Amsterdam: Benjamin.

Weissenborn, Jürgen (1985). ‘Ich weiß ja nicht von hier aus, wie weit es von dahinten aus ist’.Makroräume in der kognitiven und sprachlichen Entwicklung des Kindes. In Schweizer,Harro (Ed.), Sprache und Raum Stuttgart: Metzler.

Wender, Karl-Friedrich (1999). Kognitive Karten und Routenwissen. In Rickheit, G. (Ed.),Richtungen im Raum Wiesbaden: Deutscher Universitätsverlag.

Werner, Christian W. & Rehkämper, Gerd (1999). Discrimination of multidimensionalgeometrical figures by chickens. In Wachsmuth, I. & Jung, B. (Eds.), KogWis99:Proceedings der 4. Fachtagung der Gesellschaft für Kognitionswissenschaft, Bielefeld,28. September - 1. Oktober 1999 Sankt Augustin: Infix.

Werner, Steffen, Krieg-Brückner, Bernd & Herrmann, Theo (2000). Modelling navigationalknowledge by route graphs. In Freksa, C., Brauer, W., Habel, C. & Wender, K. F.(Eds.), Spatial Cognition II Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

Werner, Steffen, Saade, Christina & Lüer, Gerd (1998). Relations between the mentalrepresentation of extrapersonal space and spatial behavior. In Freksa, Christian, Habel,Christopher & Wender, Karl F. (Eds.), Spatial Cognition Lecture Notes in ArtificialIntelligence 1404. Berlin: Springer.

Werner, Steffen & Schmidt, Thomas (2000). Investigating spatial reference systems throughdistortions in visual memory. In Freksa, C., Brauer, W., Habel, C. & Wender, K. F.(Eds.), Spatial Cognition II Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

Wertheimer, Max (1922). The general theoretical situation. Psychologische Forschung, 1, 47–58.

Wertheimer, Max (1923). Laws of organization in perceptual forms. PsychologischeForschung, 4, 301–350.

Wertheimer, Max (1923). Untersuchungen zur Lehre von der Gestalt. PsychologischeForschung, 4, 301–350.

Wertheimer, Max (1925). Über Gestalttheorie. In Sonderdrucke des SymposionWesche, Birgit (1986). At ease with ‘At’. Journal of Semantics, 5, 368–399.Wexler, Mark, Kosslyn, Stephen M. & Berthoz, Alain (1998). Motor processes in mental

rotation. Cognition, 68, 77–94.Whaten-Dunn, W. (Ed.) (1967). Models for the Perception of Speech and Visual Form.

Cambridge, Mass: MIT-Press.Wiebrock, Sylvia, Wittenburg, Lars, Schmid, Ute & Wysotzki, Fritz (2000). Inference and

visualization of spatial relations. In Freksa, C., Brauer, W., Habel, C. & Wender, K. F.(Eds.), Spatial Cognition II Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

Wilkins, David P. & Hill, Deborah (1995). When “go” means “come”: Questioning thebasicness of basic motion verbs. Cognitive Linguistics, 6, 209–259.

Will, P. M. & Pennington, K. S. (1971). Grid coding: a preprocessing technique for robot andmachine vision. Artificial Intelligence, 2, 319–329.

Wilson, Randall H. & Latombe, Jean-Claude (1994). Geometric reasoning about mechanicalassembly. Artificial Intelligence, 71, 371–396.

Winter, Stephan (1999). Topological relations in hierarchical partitions. In Freksa, C. & Mark,D. M. (Eds.), Spatial Information Theory. Cognitive and Computational Foundations ofGeographic Information Science Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1661. Berlin:Springer.

Wotjak, Gerd (1971). Untersuchungen zur Struktur der Bedeutung. Ein Beitrag zuGegenstand und Methode der modernen Bedeutungsforschung unter besondererBerücksichtigung der semantischen Konstituentenanalyse. Berlin: Max Hueber.


Wotjak, Gerd (1971). Zur Bedeutung der semantischen Merkmalsanalyse. Kapitel 4. InWotjak, Gerd, Untersuchungen zur Struktur der Bedeutung Berlin: Max Hueber.

Wunderlich, Dieter (1985). Raum, Zeit und das Lexikon. In Schweizer, Harro (Ed.), Spracheund Raum Stuttgart: Metzler.

Wunderlich, Dieter (1985). Raumkonzepte. Zur Semantik der lokalen Präpositionen. InBallmer, Th. & Posner, Roland (Eds.), Nach-Chomskysche Linguistik Berlin: deGruyter.

Wunderlich, Dieter (1986). Raum und die Struktur des Lexikons. In Bosshardt, H. G. (Ed.),Perspektiven auf Sprache Berlin: de Gruyter.

Wunderlich, Dieter (1990). Ort und Ortswechsel. Zeitschrift für Literaturwissenschaft undLinguistik, 78, 43–58.

Wunderlich, Dieter (1991). How do prepositional phrases fit into compositional syntax andsemantics. Linguistics, 29, 591–621.

Wunderlich, Dieter (1997). Argument extension by lexical adjunction. Journal of Semantics,14, 95–142.

Wunderlich, Dieter & Herweg, Michael (1991). Lokale und Direktionale. In Stechow, Arnimvon & Wunderlich, Dieter (Eds.), Semantik Berlin/New York: de Gruyter.

Wysotzki, Fritz, Schmid, Ute & Heymann, Eric (1997). Modellierung räumlicher Inferenzendurch Graphen mit symbolischen und numerischen Constraints. In Umbach, Carla,Grabski, Michael & Hörnig, Robin (Eds.), Perspektive in Sprache und RaumWiesbaden: Deutscher Universitätsverlag.

Yattaw, N. J. (1999). Conceptualizing space and time: A classification of geographicmovement. Cartography and Geographic Information Science, 26, 85–98.

Yeap, Wai K. (1988). Towards a computational theory of cognitive maps. ArtificialIntelligence, 34, 297–360.

Zee, van der & Emile, Rik Eshuis (2000). Directions from shape: How spatial featuresdetermine reference axis categorization. In van der Zee, Emile & Slack, Jon (Eds.),Proceedings of the Workshop on Axes and Vectors in Language and Space Lincoln, UK:University of Lincolnshire and Humberside.

Zelinsky-Wibbelt, C. (Ed.) (1993). The Semantics of Prepositions: From Mental Processingto Natural Language Processing. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.

Zimmer, Hubert D., Speiser, Harry R., Baus, Jörg, Blocher, Anselm & Stopp, Eva (1998). Theuse of locative expressions in dependence of the spatial relation between target andreference object in two-dimensional layouts. In Freksa, Christian, Habel, Christopher &Wender, Karl F. (Eds.), Spatial Cognition Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1404.Berlin: Springer.

Zimmermann, Kai (1993). Enhancing qualitative spatial reasoning – combining orientationand distance. In Frank, Andrew U. & Campari, Irene (Eds.), Spatial Information Theory.A Theoretical Basis for GIS Lecture Notes in Computer Science 716. Berlin: Springer.

Zimmermann, Thomas Ede (1999). Meaning postulates and the model-theoretic approach tonatural language semantics. Linguistics and Philosophy, 22, 529–561.

Zwarts, Joost (1997). Vectors as relative positions: a compositional semantics of modifiedPPs. Journal of Semantics, 14, 57–86.

Zwarts, Joost (2000). Vectors across spatial domains: From place to size, orientation, shapeand parts. In van der Zee, Emile & Slack, Jon (Eds.), Proceedings of the Workshop onAxes and Vectors in Language and Space Lincoln, UK: University of Lincolnshire andHumberside.

Zwarts, Joost & Winter, Yoad (2000). Vector space semantics: A model-theoretic analysis oflocative prepositions. Journal of Logic, Language and Information, 9, 171–213.

References in Spatial Cognition - uni-bremen.de · References in Spatial Cognition – 5 –...

Documents

Transcript of References in Spatial Cognition - uni-bremen.de · References in Spatial Cognition – 5 –...