References Cited - USGSReferences Cited Abercrombie, W.R., 1900, Supplementary expedition into the...

References Cited

Abercrombie WR 1900 Supplementary expedition into the Copper River Valley Alaska in Compilation of narratives of explorations in Alaska part A Washington DC Government Printing Office 169 p

Aethalgeirsdoacutettir G Echelmeyer KA and Harrison WD 1998 Elevation and volume changes on the Harding Icefield Alaska Journal of Glaciology v 44 148 p 570ndash582

Allen CR and Smith GI 1953 Seismic and gravity investiga-tions on the Malaspina Glacier Alaska Transactions Ameri-can Geophysical Union v 34 no 5 p 755ndash760

Allen HT 1887 Report of an expedition to the Copper Tanana and Koyukuk Rivers in the Territory of Alaska in the year 1885 for the purpose of obtaining all information which will be valuable and important especially to the military branch of the government Washington DC Government Printing Of-fice 172 p

Allen HT 1900 Military reconnaissance in Alaska in Compila-tion of narratives of explorations in Alaska part B Washing-ton DC US Government Printing Office p 411ndash488

Allen TR 1998 Topographic context of glaciers and perennial snowfields Glacier National Park Montana Geomorphology v 21 p 207ndash216

Alpha DVD 2003 Glaciers Alaskarsquos rivers of ice DVD Interna-tional Learning Series DVDI0736 in cooperation with the US Geological Survey and the Alaska Geographic Society 90-min Digital Video Disk (DVD)

Alpha TR 1975 The evolution of Icy Bay Alaska in Carlson PR Conomos TJ Janda RJ and Peterson DH eds Prin-cipal sources and dispersal patterns of suspended particulate matter in nearshore surface waters of the northeast Pacific Ocean Final report prepared for NASA Goddard Space Flight Center National Technical Information Service document no E75ndash10266 p 4ndash9

American Geographical Society 1960 Nine glacier maps North-western North America American Geographical Society Spe-cial Publication no 34 37 p 9 pls

Anderson S 2003 Glacier behavior linked to seasonal hydrolo-gy Witness the Arctic v 10 no 1 p 17

Anderson SP Walder JS Harris RS Kraal ER Cunico M Fountain AG and Trabant DC 2003 Integrated hydrologic and hydrochemical observations of Hidden Creek Lake joumlkul-hlaups Kennicott Glacier Alaska Journal of Geophysical Re-search v 108 pt 1 p 4

Andrews CL and Gilbert GK 1903 Muir Glacier National Geographic Magazine v 14 no 12 p 441ndash444

Arcone SA Lawson DE and Delaney AJ 1995 Short-pulse radar wavelet recovery and resolution of dielectric contrasts within englacial and basal ice of Matanuska Glacier Alaska USA Journal of Glaciology v 41 no 137 p 68ndash86

Arendt AA Echelmeyer KA Harrison WD Lingle CS and Valentine VB 2002 Rapid wastage of Alaska glaciers and their contribution to rising sea level Science v 297 no 5580 p 382ndash386 [Figs S1 S2 and Table S1 at [httpwwwsci-encemagorgcgicontentfull2975580382DC1]

Armentrout JM 1983 Glacial lithofacies of the Neogene Yakata-ga Formation Robinson Mountains southern Alaska Coast Range in Molnia BF ed 1981 Glacial-marine sedimenta-tion New York Plenum Press p 629ndash665

Bagley JW 1917 The use of the panoramic camera in topograph-ic surveying US Geological Survey Bulletin 657 88 p

Bahr DB 1997 Global distributions of glacier properties A sto-chastic scaling paradigm Water Resources Research v 33 no 7 p 1669ndash1679

Bahr DB and Meier MF 2000 Snow patch and glacier size dis-tribution Water Resources Research v 36 no 2 p 495ndash501

Bailey Palmer Fleisher PJ Mankoff Evan and Senglaub Mi-chael 2000 An evolving ice-contact proglacial lake Sheridan Glacier Alaska [abs] Geological Society of America Ab-stracts with Programs v 32 no 7 p 117

Baird PD and Field WO 1951 Report on the northern Ameri-can glaciers in General Assembly of Brussels International Association of Scientific Hydrology IASH Publication No 32 v 1 p 120ndash128

Baker Marcus 1902 Geographic dictionary of Alaska US Geo-logical Survey Bulletin 187 446 p

Baker Marcus (prepared by McCormick James) 1906 Geo-graphic dictionary of Alaska US Geological Survey Bulletin 299 690 p

Balise MJ and Raymond CF 1985 Transfer of basal sliding variations to the surface of a linearly viscous glacier Journal of Glaciology v 31 no 109 p 308ndash318

Barclay DJ Calkin PE and Wiles GC 1999 A 1119-year tree-ring-width chronology from western Prince William Sound southern Alaska The Holocene v 9 no 1 p 79ndash84

Barnes FF 1943 Geology of the Portage Pass area Alaska US Geological Survey Bulletin 926D p 211ndash235 with map

Bateman AM 1922 Kennecott Glacier of Alaska Geological So-ciety of America Bulletin v 33 no 3 p 527ndash539

Bates RL and Jackson JA eds 1987 Glossary of geology ( 3d ed) Alexandria Virginia American Geological Institute 788 p

Bean EF 1911 Fiords of Prince William Sound Alaska Univer-sity of Wisconsin MA dissertation 63 p

Beddall BG 1979 Scientific books and instruments for an eigh-teenth-century voyage around the world Antonio Peneda and the Malaspina Expedition Journal of the Society for the Bibli-ography of Natural History v 9 part 2 p 95ndash107

Belcher EB 1843 Narrative of a voyage around the world per-formed in Her Majestyrsquos Ship Sulphur during the years 1836ndash1842 London Henry Colburn Publisher v 1 p 75ndash79

Belcher EB 1862 Remarks on the glacial movements noticed in the vicinity of Mount St Elias on the northwest coast of Amer-ica London British Association for the Advancement of Sci-ence Report of the 31st Meeting Manchester 1861 Notices and Abstracts of Miscellaneous Communications to the Sec-tions p 186ndash187

GLACIERS OF ALASKA K487

Bendavid-Val Leah Sobieszek Robert Naggar Carole Hoy AH Protzman Ferdinand and Ritchin Fred 1999 National Geo-graphic photographs The milestones Washington DC Na-tional Geographic Society 336 p [The 1910 Von Engeln photo-graph is on p 5 the caption is on p 4]

Bengston KB 1962 Recent history of the Brady Glacier Glacier Bay National Monument Alaska USA in Symposium of Obergurgl Variations in the regime of existing glaciers Inter-national Association of Hydrological Sciences-Association In-ternationale des Sciences Hydrologiques (IAHS-AISH) Publi-cation No 58 p 78ndash87

Benson CS and Follett AB 1986 Application of photogram-metry to the study of volcano-glacier interactions on Mount Wrangell Alaska Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing v 52 no 6 p 813ndash827

Benson CS and Motyka RJ 1975 Recent glaciological and volcanological studies at the summit of Mt Wrangell Alaska [abs] EOS (Transactions American Geophysical Union) v 56 no 12 p 1073

Benson CS and Motyka RJ 1978 Glacier-volcano interactions on Mt Wrangell Alaska University of Alaska Fairbanks Geo-physical Institute Annual Report 1977ndash78 p 1ndash25

Benson CS Bingham DK and Wharton GB 1975 Glaciologi-cal and volcanological studies at the summit of Mt Wrangell in Snow and Ice Symposium Moscow 9ndash13 August 1971 In-ternational Association of Hydrological Sciences-Association Internationale de Sciences Hydrologiques (IAHS-AISH) Publi-cation No 104 p 95ndash98

Benson CS Motyka RJ Bingham DK Wharton G MacKeith P and Sturm M 1985 Glaciological and volcanological stud-ies on Mt Wrangell Alaska in Kotlyakov VM Vinogradov VN and Glazovsky AF eds Interaction between volcanism and glaciology Moscow Academy of Sciences of the USSR Soviet Geophysical Committee Glaciological Research No 27 p 114ndash133

Bindschadler RA 1978 A time dependent model of temperate glacier flow and its application to predict changes in the surge-type Variegated Glacier during its quiescent phase PhD dis-sertation University of Washington

Bindschadler RA and Rasmussen LA 1983 Finite-difference model predictions of the drastic retreat of Columbia Glacier Alaska US Geological Survey Professional Paper 1258ndashD 17 p

Bindschadler R Harrison WD Raymond CF and Crosson R 1977 Geometry and dynamics of a surge-type glacier Journal of Glaciology v 18 no 79 p 181ndash194

Bishop MP Olsenholler JA Shroder JF Barry RG Raup BH Bush ABG Coplan L Dwyer JL Fountain AG Haeberli W Kaumlaumlb A Paul F Hall DK Kargel JS Molnia BF Trabant DC and Wessels R 2004 Global land ice mea-surements from space (GLIMS) Remote sensing and GIS in-vestigations of the Earthrsquos cryosphere Geocarto International v 19 no 2 p 57ndash84

Bjoumlrnsson Helgi 1976 Subglacial water reservoirs joumlkulhlaups and volcanic eruptions Joumlkull v 25 [1975] p 1ndash14

Bjoumlrnsson Helgi 1977 Marginal and supraglacial lakes in Ice-land Joumlkull v 26 [1976] p 40ndash51

Black Robert F 1976 Late Quaternary glacial events Aleutian Islands Alaska in Easterbrook DJ and Sibrava V eds Quaternary glaciations in the Northern Hemisphere IUGS-UNESCO International Geological Correlation Programme Project 73ndash1ndash24 Report 3 p 285ndash301

Blackwelder Eliot 1907 Glacial features of the Alaskan coast be-tween Yakutat Bay and the Alsek River Journal of Geology v 15 no 5 p 415ndash433

Blake WP 1867 The glaciers of Alaska Russian America Amer-ican Journal of Science v 44 no 130 p 96ndash101

Blake WP 1868 Geographical notes upon Russian America and the Stickeen River being a report addressed to the Hon WH Seward Secretary of State Washington DC Government Printing Office 19 p 1 map

Brabb EE and Miller DJ 1962 Reconnaissance traverse across the eastern Chugach Mountains Alaska US Geologi-cal Survey Miscellaneous Geological Investigations Map Indash341 1 sheet scale 196000

Brabets TP 1993 Glacier runoff and sediment transport and de-position Eklutna Lake basin Alaska US Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92ndash4132 47 p

Bradley CC 1948 Geologic notes on Adak Island and the Aleu-tian Chain Alaska American Journal of Science v 246 no 4 p 214ndash240

Bradley WC Fahnestock RK and Rowekamp ET 1972 Coarse sediment transport by flood flows on Knik River Alas-ka Geological Society of America Bulletin v 83 no 5 p 1261ndash1284

Braithwaite RJ and Muumlller F 1980 On the parameterization of glacier equilibrium line altitude in World Glacier Inventory Proceedings of the Workshop 17ndash22 September 1987 Reideralp Switzerland International Association of Hydro-logical SciencesAssociation Internationale des Sciences Hy-drologiques (IAHS-AISH) Publication No 126 p 263ndash271

Brooks AH 1900 A reconnaissance in the White and Tanana River basins Alaska in 1898 US Geological Survey Annual Report 20 (1898ndash99) pt vii Explorations in Alaska in 1898 p 425ndash494

Brooks AH 1902 Proposed surveys of Alaska in 1902 National Geographic Magazine v 13 p 133ndash135

Brooks AH 1904 Geography of Alaska National Geographic Magazine v 15 p 213ndash219

Brooks AH 1906a How much is known of Alaska National Geographic Magazine v 17 p 112ndash114

Brooks AH 1906b The geography and geology of Alaska USGS Professional Paper 45 327p

Brooks AH 1911 The Mount McKinley region Alaska USGS Professional Paper 70 234 p

Brooks AH 1914 Mountain exploration in Alaska Alpina Amer-ica v 3 22 p

Brooks AH and Raeburn DL 1903 Plan for climbing Mt McKinley National Geographic Magazine v 9 p 30ndash35

Brooks AH Richardson GB Collier AJ and Mendenhall WC 1901 Reconnaissances in the Cape Nome and Norton Bay regions Alaska in 1900 US Geological Survey Special Publication 222 p

K488 SATELLITE IMAGE ATLAS OF GLACIERS OF THE WORLD

Brooks PD 1988 The Alaska High-Altitude Aerial Photography (AHAP) Program A statefederal cooperative program An-chorage AHAP Program Office 8 p

Brown C S Meier MF and Post Austin 1982 Calving speed of Alaska tidewater glaciers with application to Columbia Gla-cier US Geological Survey Professional Paper 1258ndashC 13 p

Brown C S Rasmussen LA and Meier MF 1986 Bed topogra-phy inferred from airborne radio-echosounding of Columbia Glacier Alaska US Geological Survey Professional Paper 1258ndashG 26 p

Brown DM 1952 Glaciers advance Appalachia v 29 no 114 p 41ndash44

Brugman MM 1987 Water flow at the base of a surging glacier PhD dissertation California Institute of Technology

Buddington AF and Chapin Theodore 1929 Geology and min-eral deposits of southeastern Alaska US Geological Survey Bulletin 800 398 p

Bull Colin 1969 The 1978ndash1980 surge of the Sherman Glacier south-central Alaska Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences v 6 no 4 p 841ndash843

Bull Colin and Marangunic Cedomir 1967 The earthquake-in-duced slide on the Sherman Glacier south-central Alaska and its glaciological effects in Hirobumi Oura ed Physics of snow and ice Proceedings of the International Conference on Low Temperature Science Sapporo Japan 1966 Sapporo In-stitute of Low Temperature Science v 1 pt 1 p 395ndash408

Bull Colin and Marangunic Cedomir 1968 Glaciological effects of debris slide on Sherman Glacier in The great Alaska earth-quake of 1964 v 1 Hydrology pt A Washington DC Nation-al Academy of Sciences Publication 1603 p 309ndash317

Burroughs John 1902 Narrative of the Expedition in Burroughs John Muir John and Grinnel GB Alaskamdashnarrative gla-ciers natives Volume I of the Harriman Alaska Expedition with cooperation of the Washington Academy of Sciences New York Doubleday Page and Company p 1ndash118

Burroughs John Muir John and Grinnel GB 1902 Alaskamdashnarrative glaciers natives Volume I of the Harriman Alaska Expedition with cooperation of the Washington Academy of Sciences New York Doubleday Page and Company 183 p

Byers FM Jr 1959 Geology of Umnak and Bogoslof Islands Aleutian Islands Alaska US Geological Survey Bulletin 1028ndashL p 267ndash369 maps

Calkin PE 1988 Holocene glaciation of Alaska (and adjoining Yukon Territory Canada) Quaternary Science Reviews v 7 no 2 p 159ndash184

Calkin PE Kaufman DS Przybyl BJ Whitford WB and Peck BJ 1998 Glacier regimes periglacial landforms and Holocene climate change in the Kigluaik Mountains Seward Peninsula Alaska USA Arctic and Alpine Research v 30 no 2 p 154ndash165

Capps SR 1910a Glaciation on the north side of the Wrangell Mountains Alaska Journal of Geology v 18 no 1 p 33ndash57

Capps SR 1910b Rock glaciers in Alaska Journal of Geology v 18 no 4 p 359ndash375

Capps SR 1916 The Turnagain-Knik region US Geological Survey Bulletin 642 p 147ndash194

Carlson PR Bruns TR Molnia BF and Schwab WC 1982 Submarine valleys in the northeastern Gulf of Alaska charac-teristics and probable origin Marine Geology v 47 no 34 p 217ndash242

Carlson PR Tagg RA and Molnia BF 1993 Acoustic profiles of sediment in a melt-water lake adjacent to the Bering Gla-cier Alaska RV Karluk cruise K2ndash91ndashYB July 1ndash7 1991 US Geological Survey Open-File Report 93ndash266 26 p

Carlson PR Hooge PN and Stevenson Andrew 2001 Multi-beam imagery shows extensive iceberg reworking of the lower Glacier Bay Alaska fjord [abs] EOS (Transactions American Geophysical Union) v 82 no 47 Fall Meeting Supplement Abstract B12Cndash0145 p F165

Castner JC 1899 Report of Lieutenant JC Castner in Glenn EF and Abercrombie WR 1899 Reports of explorations in the Territory of Alaska made under the direction of the Secre-tary of War US War Department Adjunct Generalrsquos Office Publication XXV p 189ndash265

Clarke GKC 1991 Length width and slope influences on gla-cier surging Journal of Glaciology v 37 no 126 p 236ndash246

Clarke GKC and Holdsworth Gerald 2002a Glaciers of the Coast Mountains in Williams RS Jr and Ferrigno JG eds Satellite image atlas of glaciers of the world US Geological Survey Professional Paper 1386ndashJ (Glaciers of North Ameri-ca) p J291ndashJ300 [httppubsusgsgovprofp1386j]

Clarke GKC and Holdsworth Gerald 2002b Glaciers of the St Elias Mountains in Williams RS Jr and Ferrigno JG eds Satellite image atlas of glaciers of the world US Geological Survey Professional Paper 1386ndashJ (Glaciers of North Ameri-ca) p J301ndash J328[httppubsusgsgovprofp1386j]

Clarke GKC and Mathews WH 1981 Estimates of the magni-tude of glacier outburst floods from Lake Donjek Yukon Terri-tory Canada Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences v 18 no 9 p 1452ndash1463

Clarke GKC and Waldron DA 1984 Simulation of the August 1979 sudden discharge of glacier-dammed Flood Lake British Columbia Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences v 21 no 4 p 502ndash504

Clarke GKC Schmok JP Ommanney CSL and Collins SG 1986 Characteristics of surge-type glaciers Journal of Geo-physical Research v 91 no 7 p 7165ndash7180

Clarke GKC Cross GM and Benson CS 1989 Radar imag-ing of glaciovolcanic stratigraphy Mount Wrangell caldera Alaska Interpretation model and results Journal of Geophysi-cal Research v 94 no B6 p 7237ndash7249

Clarke TS 1991 Glacier dynamics in the Susitna River basin Alaska Journal of Glaciology v 37 no 125 p 97ndash106

Clayton Lee 1964 Karst topography on stagnant glaciers Jour-nal of Glaciology v 5 no 37 p 107ndash112

Coats RR 1956 Reconnaissance geology of some western Aleu-tian Islands Alaska US Geological Survey Bulletin 1028ndashE p 83ndash97

Collins HB Jr 1945 The islands and their people in The Aleu-tian Islands their people and natural history Washington DC Smithsonian Institution War Background Studies Num-ber 21 Smithsonian Institution Publication 3775 p 1ndash30


Collins SG 1975 Glaciers of the Talkeetna Mountains Alaska in Field WO ed Mountain glaciers of the Northern Hemi-sphere Hanover New Hampshire US Army Corps of Engi-neers Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory v 2 p 543ndash548

Collins SG and Clarke GKC 1977 History and bathymetry of a surge-dammed lake Arctic v 30 no 4 p 217ndash224

Connor CL Seifert SL Matlocks K Graves AJ Tabor LF Motyka RJ and OrsquoNeel S 1999 Undergraduates study calv-ing retreat at Le Conte Glacier southeast Alaska [abs] in Ab-stracts with Programs (Geological Society of America) v 31 no 4 p 8

Cooper WS 1937 The problem of Glacier Bay Alaska mdash A study of glacier variations Geographical Review v 27 no 1 p 37ndash62

Cooper WS 1942 Vegetation of the Prince William Sound re-gion Alaska with a brief excursion into post-Pleistocene cli-matic history Ecological Monographs v 12 no 1 p 1ndash22

Crossen KJ 1990 Neoglacial history of Portage Glacier Kenai Mountains Alaska [abs] in Abstracts with Programs Geo-logical Society of America 1990 Annual Meeting v 22 no 7 p 177

Cunico ML Walder JS Fountain AG and Trabant DC 2001 Localized glacier deformation associated with filling and draining of a glacier-dammed lake and implications for out-burst flood hydraulics [abs] EOS (Transactions American Geophysical Union) v 82 no 47 Fall Meeting Supplement Abstract IP11Andash0650 p F522

Cushing HP 1896 Notes on the areal geology of Glacier Bay Alaska New York Academy of Sciences Transactions v 15 p 24ndash34

Dall WH 1870 Alaska and its resources London Sampson Low Son and Marston 627 p

Dall WH 1884 Glaciation in Alaska Philosophical Society of Washington Bulletin v 6 p 33ndash36

Dall WH 1896 Report on coal and lignite of Alaska US Geo-logical Survey Annual Report v 17 pt 1 p 763ndash875

Davidson George 1886 The first ascent of the volcano Makushin Appalachia v 4 no 1 p 1ndash11

Davidson George 1901 The tracks and landfalls of Bering and Chirikof on the northwest coast of America From the point of their separation in latitude 49deg10 longitude 176deg40 West to their return to the same meridian June July August Septem-ber 1741 San Francisco John Partridge Stationer and Printer Private Publication 44 p 1 map

Davidson George 1903 The Alaska boundary San Francisco Alaska Packers Association 234 p 2 pls

Davidson George 1904 The glaciers of Alaska that are shown on Russian charts or mentioned in older narratives Geographical Society of the Pacific Transactions and Proceedings Series 2 v 3 p 1ndash98

Davis JC 1986 Statistics and data analysis in Geology 2nd ed New York Wiley and Sons 646 p

Davis TN and Sanders NK 1960 Alaska earthquake of July 10 1958 Intensity distribution and field investigation of northern epicentral region Seismological Society of America Bulletin v 50 no 2 p 221ndash252

de Fillippi Fillippo 1899 The Ascent of Mount St Elias [Alaska] by HRH Prince Luigi Amedeo Di Savoia Duke of the Abruzzi New York Frederick A Stokes Co Publishers 242 p 4 mo-saic pls 2 maps

de Laguna Frederica 1972 Under Mount Saint Elias The history and culture of the Yakutat Tlingit Washington DC Smithso-nian Institution Press Smithsonian Contributions to Anthro-pology v 7 pt 1 547 p

DeLorme Mapping 1992 Alaska atlas and gazetteer (1st ed) Freeport Maine 156 p

DeLorme Mapping 1998 Alaska atlas and gazetteer (2d ed) Yar-mouth Maine 156 p

DeLorme Mapping 2001 Alaska atlas and gazetteer (4th ed) Yar-mouth Maine 156 p

Denton GH 1975a Glaciers of the Aleutian Islands in Field WO ed Mountain glaciers of the Northern Hemisphere Ha-nover New Hampshire US Army Corps of Engineers Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory v 2 p 641ndash650

Denton GH 1975b Glaciers of the Brooks Range in Field WO ed Mountain glaciers of the Northern Hemisphere Hanover New Hampshire US Army Corps of Engineers Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory v 2 p 651ndash662

Denton GH and Field WO 1975a Glaciers of the Alaska Range in Field WO ed Mountain glaciers of the Northern Hemisphere Hanover New Hampshire US Army Corps of Engineers Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laborato-ry v 2 p 573ndash620

Denton GH and Field WO 1975b Glaciers of the Aleutian Range and Kodiak Island in Field WO ed 1975 Mountain glaciers of the Northern Hemisphere Hanover New Hamp-shire US Army Corps of Engineers Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory v 2 p 621ndash639

Denton GH and Field WO 1975c Glaciers of the Wrangell Mountains in Field WO ed 1975 Mountain glaciers of the Northern Hemisphere Hanover New Hampshire US Army Corps of Engineers Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory v 2 p 549ndash571

Denton GH and Karleacuten Wibjorn 1977 Holocene glacial and tree-line variations in the White River valley and Skolai Pass Alaska and Yukon Territory Quaternary Research v 7 no 1 p 63ndash111

Dickey WA 1897 The Susitna River Alaska National Geograph-ic Magazine v 8 p 322ndash327

Dorrer Egon and Wendler Gerd 1976 Climatological and photo-grammetric speculations on mass-balance changes of McCall Glacier Brooks Range Alaska Journal of Glaciology v 17 no 77 p 479ndash490

Drewes Harold Fraser GD Snyder GL and Barnett HF Jr 1961 Geology of Unalaska Island and adjacent insular shelf Aleutian Islands Alaska US Geological Survey Bulletin 1028 p 583ndash676

Driedger CL 1981 Effect of ash thickness on snow ablation in Lipman PW and Mullineaux DR eds The 1980 eruptions of Mount St Helens Washington US Geological Survey Pro-fessional Paper 1250 p 757ndash760


Dyurgerov MB and Dwyer Jerry 2000 The steepening of gla-cier mass balance gradients with Northern Hemisphere warm-ing Zeitschrift fuumlr Gletscherkunde and Glazialgeologie v 36 p 107ndash118

Dyurgerov MB and Meier MF 1997a Mass balance of moun-tain and subpolar glaciers a new assessment for 1961ndash1990 Arctic and Alpine Research v 29 no 4 p 379ndash391

Dyurgerov MB and Meier MF 1997b Year-to-year fluctuations of global mass balance of small glaciers and their contribution to sea level changes Arctic and Alpine Research v 29 no 4 p 392ndash402

Dyurgerov MB and Meier MF 1999 Analysis of winter and summer mass balances Geografiska Annaler v 81A no 4 p 541ndash554

Dyurgerov MB and Meier MF 2000 Twentieth century climate change Evidence from small glaciers Proceedings National Academy of Sciences v 97 no 4 p 1406ndash1411

Echelmeyer Keith and Motyka RJ 1997 LeConte Glacier Alas-kamdashSurface elevation changes and calving retreat in Van der Veen CJ ed Calving glaciers Report of a Workshop Febru-ary 28ndashMarch 2 1997 Columbus Ohio The Ohio State Univer-sity Byrd Polar Research Center BPRC Report No 15 p 67ndash70

Echelmeyer KA Harrison WD Larsen CF Sapiano J Mitch-ell JE DeMallie J Rabus B Adalgeirsdoacutettir G and Som-bardier L 1996 Airborne surface profiling of glaciers a case-study in Alaska Journal of Glaciology v 42 no 142 p 538ndash547

Egan CP Miller MM and Loken K 1968 The Davidson Gla-cier buried forest [abs] Alaskan Science Conference 19th Science in the North Whitehorse Yukon Territory 26ndash30 Au-gust 1968 Abstracts of Papers p 24

Ellis JM and Calkin PE 1979 Nature and distribution of gla-ciers Neoglacial moraines and rock glaciers east-central Brooks Range Alaska Arctic and Alpine Research v 11 no 4 p 409ndash420

Ellis JM and Calkin PE 1984 Chronology of Holocene glacia-tion central Brooks Range Alaska Geological Society of America Bulletin v 95 no 8 p 897ndash912

Emery PA and Seitz HR 1987 In the St Elias Mountains Hub-bard Glacier is still on the move Geotimes v 32 no 5 p 8ndash9

Evans IS 1977 World-wide variations in the direction and con-centration of cirque and glacier aspects Geografiska Annaler v 59A no 3ndash4 p 151ndash175

Fatland DR and Lingle CS 1998 Analysis of the 1993ndash95 Ber-ing Glacier (Alaska) surge using differential SAR interferome-try Journal of Glaciology v 44 no 148 p 532ndash546

Fatland DR and Lingle CS 2002 InSAR observations of the 1993ndash95 Bering Glacier (Alaska USA) surge and a surge hy-pothesis Journal of Glaciology v 48 no 162 p 439ndash451

Field WO 1926 The Fairweather Range Mountaineering and Glacier Studies Appalachia v 16 no 4 p 460ndash472

Field WO 1932 The glaciers of the northern part of Prince Wil-liam Sound Alaska Geographical Review v 22 no 3 p 361ndash388

Field WO 1937 Observations on Alaskan coastal glaciers in 1935 Geographical Review v 27 no 1 p 63ndash81

Field WO 1942 Glacier studies in Alaska Geographical Review v 32 no 1 p 154ndash155

Field WO 1948 The variations of Alaskan glaciers 1935ndash1947 International Geodetic and Geophysical Union Association of Scientific Hydrology Assembleacute Geacuteneacuterale drsquoOslo 19ndash28 August 1948 v 2 p 277ndash282

Field WO 1958 Glaciers of the Alaska Range geographic study of mountain glaciation in the Northern Hemisphere Part 2a Chapter 7 New York American Geographical Society p 2a71ndash2a76

Field WO 1964 Observations of glacier variations in Glacier Bay southeastern Alaska 1958 and 1961 Glacier Bay National MonumentmdashPreliminary Report American Geographical So-ciety unpublished report 35 p

Field WO 1965 Maps of glacier termini in southern Alaska American Geographical Society unpublished report 2 p 25 maps

Field WO 1969 Current observations on three surges in Glacier Bay Alaska 1965ndash1968 Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences v 6 no 4 p 831ndash839

Field WO ed 1975a Mountain glaciers of the Northern Hemi-sphere Hanover New Hampshire US Army Corps of Engi-neers Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory 2 vols v 1 698 p v 2 932 p includes Atlas containing index maps of each glacierized region

Field WO 1975b Glaciers of the Chugach Mountains in Field WO ed Mountain glaciers of the Northern Hemisphere Ha-nover New Hampshire US Army Corps of Engineers Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory v 2 p 299ndash492

Field WO 1975c Glaciers of the Coast Mountains Boundary Ranges in Field WO ed Mountain glaciers of the Northern Hemisphere Hanover New Hampshire US Army Corps of Engineers Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory v 2 p 11ndash141

Field WO 1975d Glaciers of the Kenai Mountains Alaska in Field WO ed Mountain glaciers of the Northern Hemi-sphere Hanover New Hampshire US Army Corps of Engi-neers Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory v 2 p 493ndash541

Field WO 1990 Glaciers of Alaska and adjacent Yukon Territory and British Columbia The American Alpine Journal v 32 Is-sue 64 p 79ndash149

Field WO 2004 With a camera in my hands William O Field pioneer glaciologist [A life history as told to C Suzanne Brown] Fairbanks University of Alaska Press 184 p + xxiv

Field WO and Collins SG 1975 Glaciers of the St Elias Moun-tains in Field WO ed Mountain glaciers of the Northern Hemisphere Hanover New Hampshire US Army Corps of Engineers Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory v 2 p 143ndash297

Finch RH 1934 Shishaldin Volcano in Fifth Pacific Science Congress Canada 1933 Record of the Proceedings Toronto University of Toronto Press v 3 p 2369ndash2376

Fleisher PJ Franz JM Gardiner JA 1993 Bathymetry and sedimentary environments in proglacial lakes at the eastern Bering Piedmont Glacier of Alaska Journal of Geological Edu-cation v 41 no 3 p 267ndash274


Fleming MD 2000 Satellite image map of Lake Clark National Park US Geological Survey satellite image map 1 sheet scale 1250000

Ford JP 1984 Mapping of glacial land forms from Seasat radar images Quaternary Research v 22 no 3 p 314ndash327

Fountain AG Krimmel RM and Trabant DC 1997 A strategy for monitoring glaciers US Geological Survey Circular 1132 19 p

Funk JM 1973 Late Quaternary geology of Cold Bay Alaska and vicinity University of Connecticut MS dissertation un-published 45 p

Gannett Henry 1899 The Harriman Alaska Expedition National Geographic Magazine v 10 no 12 p 507ndash512

Gilbert GK 1903 Glaciers of Alaska National Geographic Mag-azine v 14 p 449ndash450

Gilbert GK 1904 Alaska-glaciers and glaciation Volume 3 of the Harriman Alaska Expedition with Cooperation of the Washington Academy of Sciences New York Doubleday Page and Company 231 p

Glen JW 1954 The stability of ice-dammed lakes and other wa-ter-filled holes in glaciers Journal of Glaciology v 2 no15 p 316ndash318

Glenn EF 1899 Report of Captain Edwin F Glenn in Glenn EF and Abercrombie WR 1899 Reports of explorations in the Territory of Alaska made under the direction of the Secre-tary of War US War Department Adjunct Generalrsquos Office Publication 25 p 5ndash123

Goldthwait RP McKellar IC and Crank Casper 1963 Fluctua-tions of the Crillon Glacier system southeastern Alaska IASH Bulletin v 8 no 1 p 62ndash74

Grant US and Higgins DF 1910 Glaciers of Prince William Sound and the southern part of the Kenai Peninsula Alaska part 1 Glaciers of the northern part of Prince William Sound American Geographical Society Bulletin v 42 no10 p 721ndash738

Grant US and Higgins DF 1911a Glaciers of Prince William Sound and the southern part of the Kenai Peninsula Alaska part 2 Glaciers of Port Wells Prince William Sound American Geographical Society Bulletin v 43 no 5 p 321ndash338

Grant US and Higgins DF 1911b Glaciers of Prince William Sound and the southern part of the Kenai Peninsula Alaska part 3 Glaciers of the West Coast of Prince William Sound American Geographical Society Bulletin v 43 no 6 p 401ndash417

Grant US and Higgins DF 1913 Coastal glaciers of Prince Wil-liam Sound and Kenai Peninsula Alaska US Geological Sur-vey Bulletin 526 75 p 2 pls

Gray JR Hart RJ and Molnia BF 1994 1994 changes in phys-ical and sedimentary characteristics of proglacial Vitus Lake resulting from the surge of Bering Glacier Alaska [abs] EOS (Transactions American Geophysical Union) 1994 Fall Meet-ing Supplement v 75 no 44 p 63

Griggs RF 1922 The Valley of the Ten Thousand Smokes Wash-ington DC The National Geographic Society 341 p

Hall DK and Ormsby JP 1983 Use of SEASAT synthetic aper-ture radar and LANDSAT multispectral scanner subsystem data for Alaskan glaciology studies Journal of Geophysical Research v 88 no C3 p 1597ndash1607

Hall DK Benson CS and Field WO 1995 Changes in glaciers in Glacier Bay Alaska using ground and satellite measure-ments Physical Geography v 16 no 1 p 27ndash41

Hamilton TD 1965 Comparative glacier photographs from northern Alaska Journal of Glaciology v 5 no 40 p 479ndash487

Hamilton TD and Porter SC 1975 Itkillik glaciation in the Brooks Range northern Alaska Quaternary Research v 5 no 4 p 471ndash497

Harp EL Jibson RW Kayen RE Keefer DK Sherrod BL Carver GA Collins BD Moss RES and Sitar N 2003 Landslides and liquefaction triggered by the M79 Denali Fault earthquake of 3 November 2002 GSA Today v 13 no 8 p 4ndash10

Harper JT Humphrey NF and Pfeffer WT 1998 Crevasse patterns and the strain-rate tensor a high-resolution compari-son Journal of Glaciology v 44 no 146 p 68ndash76

Harriman EH 1902 Preface in Burroughs John Muir John and Grinnell GB 1902 Alaskamdashnarrative glaciers natives Volume 1 of the Harriman Alaska Expedition with Coopera-tion of the Washington Academy of Sciences New York Dou-bleday Page and Company 183 p

Harrison WD and Post AS 2003 How much do we really know about glacier surging Annals of Glaciology v 36 p 1ndash6

Harrison WD Raymond CF and MacKeith P 1986 Short pe-riod motion events on Variegated Glacier as observed by auto-matic photography and seismic methods Annals of Glaciolo-gy v 8 p 82ndash89

Hayes CW 1892 An expedition through the Yukon District Na-tional Geographic Magazine v 4 p 117ndash159

Heinrichs TA Mayo LR Trabant DC and March RS 1995 Observations of the surge-type Black Rapids Glacier Alaska during a quiescent period 1970ndash92 US Geological Survey Open-File Report 94ndash512 98 p appendixes and diskette

Heinrichs TA Mayo LR Echelmeyer KA and Harrison WD 1996 Quiescent-phase evolution of a surge-type Black Rapids Glacier Alaska USA Journal of Glaciology v 42 no 140 p 110ndash122

Henderson KA and Putnam WL 1947 Aleutian mountaineer-ing Harvard Mountaineering no 8 p 27ndash32

Henry JF 1984 Early maritime artists of the Pacific Northwest coast 1741ndash1841 Seattle University of Washington Press 240 p

Henshaw FF and Parker GL 1913 Surface water supply of Seward Peninsula Alaska US Geological Survey Water-Sup-ply Paper 314 317 p

Heusser CJ and Marcus MG 1964 Historical variations of Lemon Creek Glacier Alaska and their relationship to the cli-matic record Journal of Glaciology v 5 no 37 p 77ndash86

Hodge SM Trabant DC Krimmel RM Heinrichs TA March RS Josberger EG 1998 Climate variations and changes in mass of three glaciers in western North America Journal of Climate v 11 no 9 p 2161ndash2179

Hopkins DM Pratt Richard Nelso RE and Powell CL II 1983 Glacial sequence southwestern Seward Peninsula [abs] in Thorson RM and Hamilton TD eds Glaciation in Alas-ka Extended abstracts from a workshop Fairbanks Alaska Alaskan Quaternary Center University of Alaska Museum Oc-casional Paper No 2 p 45ndash50


Horvath EV and Field WO 1969 References to glacier surges in North America Canadian Journal of Earth Science v 6 no 4 p 845ndash851

Howard KM Anderson RS and Anderson SP 1996 Ice mo-tion and water and sediment fluxes through a spring flood event Bench Glacier Alaska [abs] EOS (Transactions Amer-ican Geophysical Union) v 77 no 46 supplement p 217

Hubbard BR 1935 Cradle of the storms New York Dodd Mead and Company 285 p

Hulley CC 1953 Alaska 1741ndash1953 Portland Ore Binfords and Mort Publishers 406 p

Hulsing Harry 1981 The breakout of Alaskarsquos Lake George US Geological Survey General Interest Publication 15 p

Humphrey NF and Raymond CF 1994 Hydrology erosion and sediment production in a surging glacier Variegated Glacier Alaska 1982ndash83 Journal of Glaciology v 40 no 136 p 539ndash552

Humphrey Neil Raymond Charles and Harrison Will 1986 Dis-charges of turbid water during mini-surges of Variegated Gla-cier Alaska USA Journal of Glaciology v 32 no 111 p 195ndash207

Hunter LE Motyka RJ and Echelmeyer Keith 2001 Sedimen-tation and denudation rates of a tidewater glacier eroding batholithic bedrock LeConte Glacier Alaska [abs] EOS (Transactions American Geophysical Union) v 82 no 47 Fall Meeting Supplement Abstract IP52Andash0747 p 556

International Boundary Commission 1951 Joint maps of the in-ternational boundary between the United States and Canada from Cape Munzon to Mount St Elias Washington DC De-partment of State 13 sheets (all published individually at ear-lier dates)

International Boundary Commission 1952 Establishment of the boundary between Canada and the United States Tongas Pas-sage to Mount St Elias Washington DC US Department of State 365 p

Jackson JA ed 1997 Glossary of geology (4th ed) Alexandria Va American Geological Institute 769 p

Jacobel RW and Anderson SK 1987 Interpretation of radio-echo returns from internal water bodies in Variegated Glacier Alaska USA Journal of Glaciology v 33 no 115 p 319ndash323

Jaeger JM and Nittrouer CA 1999a Marine record of surge-induced outburst floods from the Bering Glacier Alaska Geol-ogy v 27 no 9 p 847ndash850

Jaeger JM and Nittrouer CA 1999b Sediment deposition in an Alaskan fjord controls on the formation and preservation of sediment structures in Icy Bay Journal of Sedimentary Re-search v 69 no 5 p 1011ndash1026

Johnson BL 1917 Retreat of Barry Glacier Port Wells Prince William Sound Alaska between 1910 and 1914 US Geologi-cal Survey Professional Paper 98 p 35ndash36

Jordan GF 1962 Redistribution of sediments in Alaskan bays and inlets The Geographical Review v 52 no 4 p 548ndash558

Josberger EG Meadows GA Shuchman RA and Payne JR 2001 Sediment control of convection in glacier dammed lakes [abs] EOS (Transactions American Geophysical Union) v 82 no 47 Fall Meeting Supplement Abstract IP52A-0743 p F556

Juhle RW and Coulter HW 1955 The Mt Spurr eruption July 9 1953 EOS (Transactions American Geophysical Union) v 36 no 2 p 199ndash202

Kaumlaumlb Andreas Paul Frank Maisch Max Hoelzle Martin and Haeberli Wilfried 2002 The new remote-sensing-derived Swiss glacier inventory II First results Annals of Glaciology v 34 p 362ndash366

Kamb Barclay 1987 Glacier surge mechanism based on linked cavity configuration on the basal water conduit system Jour-nal of Geophysical Research v 92 no 9 p 9083ndash9100

Kamb Barclay Raymond CF Harrison WD Englehardt Her-mann Echelmeyer KA Humphrey N Brugman MM and Pfeffer T 1985 Glacier surge mechanism mdash 1982ndash1983 surge of Variegated Glacier Alaska Science v 227 no 4686 p 469ndash479

Kamb Barclay Engelhardt Hermann Fahnestock MA Hum-phrey N Meier MF and Stone D 1994 Mechanical and hy-drological basis for the rapid motion of a large tidewater gla-cier Part 2 Interpretation Journal of Geophysical Research v 99B no 8 p 15231ndash15244

Kaufman DS and Calkin PE 1988 Morphometric analysis of Pleistocene moraines in the Kigluaik Mountains northwest-ern Alaska USA Arctic and Alpine Research v 20 no 3 p 273ndash284

Kaufman DS Calkin PE Whitford WB Przybyl BJ Hop-kins DM Peck BJ and Nelson RE 1989 Surficial geolog-ic map of the Kigluaik Mountains area Seward Peninsula Alaska US Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MFndash2074 163360 scale

Kayastha RB Takeuchi Yukari Nakawo Masayoshi and Ageta Yutaka 2000 Practical prediction of ice melting beneath vari-ous thickness of debris cover on Khumbu Glacier Nepal us-ing a positive degree-day factor in Nakawo M Raymond CF and Fountain A eds 2000 Debris-covered glaciers Ox-fordshire UK IAHS Press IAHS Series of Proceedings and Reports No 264 p 71ndash82

Keeler CM 1959 Notes on the geology of the McCall Valley area Arctic v 12 no 1p 87ndash97

Keen Dora 1915a Studying the Alaskan glaciers Geographical Society of Philadelphia Bulletin v 13 no 2 p 25ndash32

Keen Dora 1915b Exploring the Harvard Glacier Harperrsquos Mag-azine v 132 p 113ndash125

Kennedy BW 1995 Air temperature and precipitation data Wol-verine Glacier basin Alaska 1967ndash94 US Geological Survey Open-File Report 95ndash444 79 p diskette

Kennedy BW Mayo LR Trabant DC and March RS 1997 Air temperature and precipitation data Gulkana Glacier Alas-ka 1968ndash96 US Geological Survey Open-File Report 97ndash358 144 p

Kennedy GC and Waldron HH 1955 Geology of Pavlof Volca-no and vicinity Alaska US Geological Survey Bulletin 1028ndashA 19 p map

Kieffer Hugh and 41 others 2000 New eyes in the sky measure glaciers and ice sheets EOS (Transactions of the American Geophysical Union) v 81 no 24 p 265 and p 270ndash271

Klotz OJ 1895 Experimental application of the photo-topo-graphical method of surveying to the Baird Glacier Alaska Journal of Geology v 3 no 5 p 512ndash518


Klotz OJ 1899 Notes on the glaciers of southeastern Alaska and adjoining territory Geographical Journal v 14 no 5 p 523ndash534

Knappen RS 1929 Geology and mineral resources of the An-iakchak district US Geological Survey Bulletin 797ndashF p 161ndash227

Knopf Adolph 1912 The Eagle River region southeastern Alas-ka US Geological Survey Bulletin 502 p 7ndash58

Koppes MN Hallet Bernard and Merrand Yves 2001 Influence of rapid glacial retreat on erosion rates in southeastern Alaska [abs] EOS (Transactions American Geophysical Union) v 82 no 47 Fall Meeting Supplement Abstract IP52Andash0749 p F557

Krabill W Abdalati W Frederick E Manizade S Martin C Sonntag J Swift R Thomas R Wright W and Yungel J 2000 Greenland ice sheet high-elevation balance and periph-eral thinning Science v 289 no 5478 p 428ndash430

Krause A 1883 Das Chilcat-Gebiet in Alaska [The Chilkat region in Alaska] Zeitschrift Gesellschaft fuumlr Erdkunde v 18 no 4ndash5 p 344ndash368

Krimmel RM 1987 Columbia Glacier Alaska Photogrammetry data set 1981ndash82 and 1984ndash85 US Geological Survey Open-File Report 87ndash219 104 p

Krimmel RM 2001 Photogrammetric data set 1957ndash2000 and bathymetric measurements for Columbia Glacier Alaska US Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigation Report 01ndash4089 40 p 1 CD-ROM

Krimmel RM 2002 Glaciers of the Western United States in Williams RS Jr and Ferrigno JG eds Satellite image atlas of glaciers of the world US Geological Survey Professional Paper 1386ndashJ (Glaciers of North America) p J329ndashJ381 [httppubsusgsgovprofp1386j]

Krimmel RM and Meier MF 1975 Glacier applications of ERTS images in Proceedings of Symposium on Remote Sens-ing in Glaciology Cambridge England 1974 Journal of Glaci-ology v 15 no 73 p 391ndash402

Krimmel RM and Meier MF 1989 Glaciers and glaciology of Alaska v 1 in Glacial geology and geomorphology of North America in Hanshaw PM ed Field trips for the 28th Inter-national Geological Congress Washington DC July 9ndash19 1989 American Geophysical Union Field Trip T301 61 p

Krimmel RM and Sikonia WG 1986 Velocity and surface alti-tude of the lower part of Hubbard Glacier Alaska August 1978 US Geological Survey Open-File Report 86ndash549 13 p

Krimmel RM and Trabant DC 1992 The terminus of Hubbard Glacier Alaska Annals of Glaciology v16 p 151ndash157

Krimmel RM and Vaughn BH 1987 Columbia Glacier Alas-kamdashChanges in velocity 1977ndash1986 Journal of Geophysical Research v 92 no B9 p 8961ndash8968

Krimmel RM Post Austin and Meier MF 1976 Surging and nonsurging glaciers in the Pamir Mountains USSR in Wil-liams RS Jr and Carter WD eds ERTSndash1 a new window on our planet US Geological Survey Professional Paper 929 p 178ndash179

Lamke RL 1991 Alaska floods and droughts in US Geological Survey 1991 National Water Summary 1988ndash89 State Summa-ries US Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2375 p 171-180

La Peacuterouse J-FdeG 1798ndash1799 A voyage round the world per-formed in the years 1785 1786 1787 and 1788 by the Boussole and Astrolabe under the command of J-FdeG de La Peacuterouse pub by order of the National Assembly under the Superinten-dence of LA Milet-MureauTr from the French London GG and J Robinson 2 v and atlas

Larrson Peter 1960 A preliminary investigation of the meteoro-logical conditions on the Chamberlain Glacier 1958 Washing-ton DC Arctic Institute of North America Research Paper No 2 89 p

Lawrence DB 1950 Glacier fluctuations for six centuries in southeastern Alaska and its relation to solar activity Geo-graphical Review v 40 no 2 p 191ndash223

Lawson DE 1979 Sedimentological analysis of the western ter-minus region of the Matanuska Glacier Alaska Hanover New Hampshire US Army Corps of Engineers Cold Regions Re-search and Engineering Laboratory CRREL Report 79ndash9 112 p

Lawson WJ 1990 The structural evolution of Variegated Gla-cier Alaska University of Cambridge PhD dissertation un-published 240 p

Lawson Wendy [WJ] 1996 Structural evolution of Variegated Glacier Alaska USA since 1948 Journal of Glaciology v 42 no 141 p 261ndash270

Lawson Wendy [WJ] 1997 Spatial temporal and kinematic characteristics of surges of Variegated Glacier Alaska Annals of Glaciology v 24 p 95ndash101

Leffingwell E de K 1919 The Canning River region northern Alaska US Geological Survey Professional Paper 109 251 p

Lethcoe NR 1987 An observerrsquos guide to the glaciers of Prince William Sound Alaska Valdez Alaska Prince William Sound Books 151 p

Levy LB Kaufman DS and Werner A 2004 Holocene glacier fluctuations Waskey Lake northeastern Ahklun Mountains southwestern Alaska The Holocene v 14 no 2 p 185ndash193

Lewis Oscar 1954 George Davidson pioneer west coast scien-tist University of California Press 146 p

Libbey William Jr 1886 Some of the geographical features of south-eastern Alaska American Geographical Society Bulle-tin v 18 no 4 p 279ndash300

Liestoslashl Olav 1956 Glacier dammed lakes in Norway Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift v 15 no 3ndash4 p 122ndash149

Liestoslashl Olav 1993 Glaciers of Svalbard Norway in Williams RS Jr and Ferrigno JG eds Satellite image atlas of gla-ciers of the world US Geological Survey Professional Paper 1386ndashE (Glaciers of Europe) p E127ndashE151 [httppubsusgsgovprofp1386e]

Lindsay JF 1966 Observations on the level of a self-draining lake on the Casement Glacier Alaska Journal of Glaciology v 6 no 45 p 443ndash445

Lingle CS Echelmeyer KA Seider WA Li H and Valentine VB 1999 A new estimate of elevation and volume changes on Seward and Malaspina Glaciers southcentral Alaska and Yu-kon from small-aircraft laser altimetry ERS SAR imagery and the 15 min DEM of Alaska [abs] EOS (Transactions Ameri-can Geophysical Union) v 80 no 46 Fall Meeting Supple-ment p F355


Lliboutry Louis 1998 Glaciers of the Wet Andes in Williams RS Jr and Ferrigno JG eds Satellite image atlas of gla-ciers of the world US Geological Survey Professional Paper 1386-I (Glaciers of South America) p I148ndashI206 [httppubsusgsgovprofp1386i]

Manley WF 1999 GIS assessment of glaciers equilibrium line altitudes and climate sensitivitymdashAn example from south-western Alaska [abs] Geological Society of America Annual Meeting Programs and Abstracts v 31 no 7 p 366

Manley WF 2000 Demonstration of GIS applications in pa-leoglaciology glaciology and bathymetry Alaska [abs] Inter-national Arctic Workshop 30th March 15ndash18 2000 Boulder Colorado University of Colorado Institute of Arctic and Al-pine Research Program and abstracts p 120ndash121

March RS 1998 Mass balance meteorological ice motion sur-face altitude and runoff data at Gulkana Glacier Alaska 1994 balance year US Geological Survey Water-Resources Investi-gations Report 97ndash4251 31 p

March RS 2000 Mass balance meteorological ice motion sur-face altitude runoff and ice thickness data at Gulkana Glacier Alaska 1995 balance year US Geological Survey Water-Re-sources Investigations Report 00ndash4074 33 p

March RS and Trabant DC 1996 Mass balance meteorologi-cal ice motion surface altitude and runoff data at Gulkana Glacier Alaska 1992 balance year US Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95ndash4277 32 p

March RS and Trabant DC 1997 Mass balance meteorologi-cal ice motion surface altitude and runoff data at Gulkana Glacier Alaska 1993 balance year US Geological Survey Wa-ter- Resources Investigations Report 96ndash4299 30 p

Marcus MG and Reynolds WJ eds 1988 Glacier and climate studies West Gulkana Glacier and environs Alaska Arizona State University Department of Geography Research Paper No 4 142 p 1 map sheet

Marcus MG Chambers FB Miller MM and Lang M 1995 Recent trends in the Lemon Creek Glacier Alaska Physical Geography v 16 no 2 p 150ndash161 1 map sheet

Martin GC 1905 The petroleum fields of the Pacific Coast of Alaska with an account of the Bering River coal deposits US Geological Survey Bulletin 250 64 p

Martin GC 1907 Topographic reconnaissance map of the Pa-cific Coast from Yakutat Bay to Prince William Sound Alaska Plate 1 in Geology and Mineral Resources of the Controller Bay Region Alaska [1908] US Geological Survey Bulletin 335 1 sheet scale 11200000

Martin GC 1908 Geology and mineral resources of the Control-ler Bay region Alaska US Geological Survey Bulletin 335 141 p maps

Martin GC Maddren AG Paige Sidney and Weaver CE 1907 Geologic map and sections of Controller Bay region Alaska US Geological Survey Bulletin 335 Plate V scale 162500

Martin GC Johnson BL and Grant US 1915 Geology and mineral resources of Kenai Peninsula Alaska US Geological Survey Bulletin 587 243 p

Martin Lawrence 1909 The Malaspina Glacier region of Alaska Journal of Geology v 17 no 7 p 664ndash666

Martin Lawrence 1911 The National Geographic Society re-searches in Alaska The National Geographic Magazine v 22 no 6 p 537ndash561

Martin Lawrence 1913 Some features of glaciers and glaciation in College Fiord Prince William Sound Alaska Zeitschrift fuumlr Gletscherkunde v 7 no 5 p 289ndash333

Mason RW 1959 The McCall Glacier Project and its logistics Arctic v 12 no 1 p 77ndash86

Mayo LR 1978 Identification of unstable glaciers intermediate between normal and surging glaciers Moscow Academy of Sciences of the USSR Section of Glaciology of the Soviet Geophysical Committee and Institute of Geography Data of Glaciological Studies Publication No 33 [Proceedings Alma-Ata 1976] p 47ndash55 and p 133ndash135

Mayo LR 1988a Advance of Hubbard Glacier and closure of Russell Fiord Alaska Environmental effects and hazards in the Yakutat area in Galloway JP and Hamilton TD eds Geologic studies in Alaska by the US Geological Survey dur-ing 1987 US Geological Survey Circular 1016 p 4ndash16

Mayo LR 1988b Hubbard Glacier near Yakutak Alaska mdash The ice damming and breakout of Russell FiordLake 1986 in Moody DW and others compilers National Water Summary 1986 mdash Hydrologic events and ground-water quality US Geo-logical Survey Water Supply Paper 2325 p 42ndash49

Mayo LR and Peacuteweacute TL 1963 Ablation and net total radiation Gulkana Glacier Alaska chap 43 in Ice and snow Properties Processes and Applications Conference Massachusetts Insti-tute of Technology 1962 Proceedings Cambridge Mass MIT Press p 633ndash643

Mayo LR and Trabant DC 1982 Geodetic trisection altitude and ice-radar surveying techniques used at Knik Glacier Alas-ka and summary of 1979 1980 and 1981 data US Geological Survey Open-File Report 82ndash685 26 p

Mayo LR and Trabant DC 1984 Observed and predicted ef-fects of climate change on Wolverine Glacier southern Alaska in McBeath JH Juday GP Weller Gunter and Murray Mayo eds The potential effects of carbon dioxide-induced climate change in Alaska Fairbanks University of Alaska Mis-cellaneous Publication 83ndash1 p 114ndash123

Mayo LR and Trabant DC 1986 Recent growth of Gulkana Glacier Alaska Range and its relation to glacier-fed river run-noff in Subitzky Seymour ed Selected papers in the hydro-logic sciences 1986 US Geological Survey Water-Supply Pa-per 2290 p 91ndash99

Mayo LR March RS and Trabant DC 1992 Air temperature and precipitation data 1967ndash88 Wolverine Glacier basin Alaska US Geological Survey Open-File Report 91ndash246 80 p

Mayo LR Trabant DC and March RS 2004 A 30-year record of surface mass balance (1966ndash95) and motion and surface altitude (1975ndash95) at Wolverine Glacier Alaska US Geologi-cal Survey Open-File Report 2004-1969 105 p [CD-ROM]

McCauley Camilla 1958 Glaciers of the Talkeetna Mountains Alaska in Field WO ed 1958 Geographic study of mountain glaciation in the Northern Hemisphere pt 2a American Geo-graphic Society p 2a51ndash2a54


McCauley Camilla 1975 Glaciers of the Kigluaik Mountains in Field WO ed 1975 Mountain glaciers of the Northern Hemi-sphere Hanover New Hampshire US Army Corps of Engi-neers Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory v 2 p 668ndash670

McGimsey Game 2001 Redoubt Volcano and the Alaska Volcano Observatory 10 years later in Gough LP and Wilson FH eds Geologic Studies in Alaska by the US Geological Survey 1999 US Geological Survey Professional Paper 1633 p 5ndash12

McGimsey RG and Miller TP 1995 Quick reference to Alaskarsquos active volcanoes and listing of historical eruptions 1760ndash1994 US Geological Survey Open-File Report 95ndash520 13 p

McKenzie GD and Goodwin RG 1987 Development of col-lapsed glacial topography in the Adams Inlet area Alaska USA Journal of Glaciology v 33 no 113 p 55ndash59

McMeeking RM and Johnson RE 1986 On the mechanics of surging glaciers Journal of Glaciology v 32 no 110 p 120ndash132

Meier MF 1961 Distribution and variations of glaciers in the United States exclusive of Alaska in General Assembly of Helsinki July 25ndashAugust 6 1960 Association Internationale drsquoHydrologie ScientifiqueInternational Association of Scien-tific Hydrology Publication No 54 p 420ndash429

Meier MF 1976 Monitoring the motion of surging glaciers in the Mount McKinley massif Alaska in Williams RS Jr and Carter WD eds ERTSndash1 a New Window on our Planet US Geological Survey Professional Paper 929 p 185ndash187

Meier MF 1984 Contributions of small glaciers to global sea level Science v 226 no 4681 p 1418ndash1421

Meier MF 1990 Role of land ice in present and future sea-level change in Sea-level change Washington DC National Acad-emy Press p 171ndash184

Meier MF 1994 Columbia Glacier during rapid retreat Interac-tions between glacier flow and iceberg calving dynamics in Reeh Nils ed Workshop on the Calving Rate of West Green-land Glaciers in Response to Climate Change Copenhagen 13ndash15 September 1993 Denmark Danish Polar Center p 63ndash83

Meier MF 1997 The iceberg discharge processmdashObservations and inferences drawn from the study of Columbia Glacier in Van der Veen CJ ed Calving Glaciers Report of a Work-shop February 28ndashMarch 2 1997 Columbus Ohio The Ohio State University Byrd Polar Research Center BPRC Report No 15 p 109ndash114

Meier MF 1998 Monitoring ice sheets ice caps and large gla-ciers Chap 13 in Haeberli W Hoelzle M Suter S eds Into the second century of worldwide glacier monitoring Paris UNESCO Publishing Studies and Reports in Hydrology v 56 p 209ndash214

Meier MF and Bahr DB 1996 Counting glaciers use of scaling methods to estimate the number and size distribution of the glaciers of the world in Colbeck SC ed Glaciers Ice Sheets and Volcanoes A tribute to Mark F Meier Hanover New Hampshire US Army Corps of Engineers Cold Regions Re-search and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL) Special Report no 96ndash27 p 89ndash94

Meier MF and Dyurgerov MB 2002 Sea level changes How Alaska affects the world Science v 297 no 5580 p 350ndash351

Meier MF and Post Austin 1962 Recent variations in mass net budgets of glaciers in western North America in Symposium of Obergurgl Variations in the regime of existing glaciers In-ternational Association of Hydrological Sciences-Association Internationale des Sciences Hydrologiques (IAHS-AISH) Pub-lication No 58 p 63ndash77

Meier MF and Post Austin 1967 Spectacular surges of glaciers reported Mineral Information Service v 20 no 5 p 51ndash53

Meier MF and Post Austin 1969 What are glacier surges Ca-nadian Journal of Earth Sciences v 6 no 4 p 807ndash817

Meier MF and Post Austin 1980 The scientific ideas of GK Gilbert an assessment on the occasion of the centennial of the United States Geological Survey (1879ndash1979) Geological So-ciety of America Special Paper No 183 p 115ndash123

Meier MF and Post Austin 1987 Fast tidewater glaciers Jour-nal of Geophysical Research v 92B no 9 p 9051ndash9058

Meier MF and Wahr J 2002 Sea level is risingmdashdo we know why Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences v 99 no 10 p 6524ndash6526

Meier MF Tangborn WV Mayo LR and Post Austin 1971 Combined ice and water balances of Gulkana and Wolverine Glaciers Alaska and South Cascade Glacier Washington 1965 and 1966 hydrologic years US Geological Survey Pro-fessional Paper 715ndashA 23 p

Meier MF Post Austin Brown C S Frank David Hodge SM Mayo LR Rasmussen LA Senear EA Sikonia WG Tra-bant DC and Watts RD 1978 Columbia Glacier progress reportmdashDecember 1977 US Geological Survey Open-File Report 78ndash264 56 p

Meier MF Rasmussen LA Post Austin Brown C S Sikonia WG Bindschadler RA Mayo LR and Trabant DC 1980 Predicted timing of the disintegration of the lower reach of Columbia Glacier Alaska US Geological Survey Open-File Report 80ndash582 47 p

Meier MF Rasmussen LA Krimmel RM Olsen RW and Frank David 1985 Photogrammetric determination of sur-face altitude terminus position and ice velocity of Columbia Glacier Alaska 1974ndash1981 US Geological Survey Profes-sional Paper 1258-F 41 p

Meier MF Lundstrom S Stone D Kamb B Engelhardt H Humphrey N Dunlap WW Fahnestock MA Krimmel RM and Walters R 1994 Mechanical and hydrologic basis for the rapid motion of a large tidewater glacier Part 1 Obser-vations Journal of Geophysical Research v 99B no 8 p 15219ndash15229

Meier MF Cohn Josh Krimmel RM and Pfeffer WT 2001 The past and future dynamics of Columbia Glacier Alaska [abs] EOS (Transactions American Geophysical Union) v 82 no 47 Fall Meeting Supplement Abstract IP22Cndash02 p F535

Meier MF Dyurgerov MB and McCabe GJ 2003 The health of glaciers Recent changes in glacier regime Climate Change v 59 nos 1ndash2 p 123ndash135

Mendenhall WC 1900 A reconnaissance from Resurrection Bay to the Tanana River Alaska in 1898 US Geological Survey Annual Report 20 Part 7 p 265ndash340

Mendenhall WC 1903a The Wrangell Mountains Alaska Na-tional Geographic Magazine v 9 p 395ndash407


Mendenhall WC 1903b The Wrangell Mountains Alaska Na-tional Geographic Magazine v 9 Photo Supplement

Mendenhall WC 1905 Geology of the central Copper River re-gion Alaska US Geological Survey Professional Paper 41 133 p 20 pls

Mercer JH 1961a The estimation of the regimen and former firn limit of a glacier Journal of Glaciology v 3 no 30 p 1053ndash1062

Mercer JH 1961b The response of fjord limits to changes in the firn limit Journal of Glaciology v 3 no 29 p 850ndash858

Miller DJ 1957 The surface velocity of the Yakataga Glacier Alaska Journal of Glaciology v 3 no 22 p 125ndash130

Miller DJ 1958 Anomalous glacial history of the northeastern Gulf of Alaska region Geological Society of America Bulletin v 69 no 12 part 2 p 1613ndash1614

Miller DJ 1960 Giant waves in Lituya Bay Alaska US Geologi-cal Survey Professional Paper 354-C 38 p

Miller DJ 1961 Geology of the Yakataga District Gulf of Alaska Tertiary Province Alaska US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2 map sheets

Miller LD Miller JW and Miller MM 1987 The Juneau Ice-field-Alaska Juneau The Foundation for Glacier and Environ-mental Research color slides and text

Miller MM 1948a Aerial survey of Alaskan glaciers 1947 Ap-palachia v 105 p 113ndash115

Miller MM 1948b Observations on the regimen of the glaciers of Icy Bay and Yakutat Bay Alaska New York Columbia Uni-versity unpublished Masterrsquos thesis 71 p

Miller MM 1963 Taku Glacier evaluation study Juneau Alaska Department of Highways 200 p

Miller MM 1964 Inventory of terminal position changes in Alas-kan coastal glaciers since the 1750s Proceedings of the Amer-ican Philosophical Society v 108 no 3 p 257ndash273

Moffit FH 1913 Geology of the Nome and Grand Central quad-rangles Alaska US Geological Survey Bulletin 533 140 p

Moffit FH 1918 The upper Chitna Valley Alaska US Geologi-cal Survey Bulletin 675 82 p

Moffit FH 1942 Geology of the Gerstle River district Alaska with a report on the Black Rapids Glacier US Geological Sur-vey Bulletin 926ndashB p 107ndash160

Moffit FH and Capps SR 1911 Geology and mineral resources of the Nizina District Alaska US Geological Survey Bulletin 448 111 p 12 pls

Moffit FH and Knopf Adolph 1909 Mineral resources of the Nabesna-White River district US Geological Survey Bulletin 379-E p 161ndash180

Molnia BF 1977 Rapid shoreline erosion and retreat at Icy Bay Alaska mdash A staging area for offshore petroleum development in Annual Offshore Technology Conference 9th Proceedings v 3 p 115ndash126

Molnia BF 1979 Sedimentation in coastal embayments in the northern Gulf of Alaska in Annual Offshore Technology Con-ference 11th Proceedings v 1 p 665ndash676

Molnia BF 1982 (rev 1993) Alaskarsquos glaciers Anchorage Alas-ka Geographic v 9 no 1 144 p

Molnia BF ed 1983a Glacial-marine sedimentation New York Plenum Press 844 p

Molnia BF 1983b Subarctic glacial-marine sedimentation a model in Molnia BF ed Glacial-Marine Sedimentation New York Plenum Press p 95ndash144

Molnia BF 1986 Glacial history of the northeastern Gulf of Alaska in Hamilton TD Reed KM and Thorson RM eds Glaciation in Alaskamdashthe geologic record Anchorage Alaska Geologic Society p 219ndash236

Molnia BF 1989a Advance induced retreat of the Mendenhall Glacier Alaska [abs] Geological Society of America Ab-stracts with Programs v 21 no 6 p A54

Molnia BF 1989b Subarctic glacial-marine sedimentation in Anderson JB and Molnia BF Glacial-marine sedimenta-tion American Geophysical Union short course in geology In-ternational Geological Congress 28th Washington DC v 9 p 59ndash109

Molnia BF 1990a Neoglacial history of the Malaspina Glacier AlaskamdashInferences from two types of radar analyses [abs] Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs v 22 no 7 p A177ndashA178

Molnia BF 1990b Radar remote sensing of glacial features Malaspina Glacier Alaska AAPG Bulletin v 74 no 5 p 723

Molnia BF 1991 Mendenhall Glacier retreats Anchorage Alas-ka Geographic v 17 no 4 p 92

Molnia BF 1993 Major surge of the Bering Glacier EOS (Trans-actions American Geophysical Union) v 74 no 29 p 322

Molnia BF 1998 Environmental impacts of 1994 Bering Glacier outburst floods [abs] EOS (Transactions American Geophys-ical Union) v 79 no 17 Spring Meeting Supplement p Sndash15

Molnia BF 2001 Glaciers of Alaska Anchorage Alaska Geo-graphic v 28 no 2 112 p

Molnia BF and Jones JE 1989 View through ice Are unusual airborne radar backscatter features from the surface of the Malaspina Glacier Alaska expressions of subglacial morphol-ogy EOS (Transactions American Geophysical Union) v70 no 28 p 701ndash710

Molnia BF and Molnia MI 1995 Comparison of spaceborne ERSndash1 and SIRndashC synthetic aperture radar (SAR) with air-borne SAR of the Bering Glacier Alaska [abs] Geological So-ciety of America Abstracts with Programs v 27 no 5 p 65

Molnia BF and Post Austin 1995 Holocene history of Bering Glacier Alaska a prelude to the 1993ndash1994 surge Physical Ge-ography v 16 no 2 p 87ndash117

Molnia BF and Trabant DC 1992 Ice thickness measurements on Bering Glacier Alaska and their relation to satellite and air-borne SAR image patterns [abs] EOS (Transactions Ameri-can Geophysical Union) v 73 no 43 Fall Meeting Supple-ment p 181

Molnia BF Jones JE and Schoonmaker JW Jr 1990 Ice-penetrating radar investigations of the Malaspina Glacier Alaska EOS (Transactions American Geophysical Union) v 70 no 43 p 1085

Molnia BF Post Austin and Carlson PR 1996 20th-century glacial-marine sedimentation in Vitus Lake Bering Glacier Alaska USA Annals of Glaciology v 22 p 205ndash210

Molnia BF Trabant DC and March RS 2002 The 2002 clo-sure of Russell Fiord AlaskamdashJune amp July 2002 [abs] in Geo-logical Society of America Abstracts with Programs v 34 no 6 p 477


Moran ML Greenfield RJ Arcone SA and Delaney AJ 2000 Delineation of a complexly dipping temperate glacier bed using short-pulse radar arrays Journal of Glaciology v 46 no 153 p 274ndash286

Moravek JR 1973 Some further observations on the behavior of an ice-dammed self-draining lake Glacier Bay Alaska USA Journal of Glaciology v 12 no 66 p 505ndash507

Morrison Marie 1995 William O Field and the American Geo-graphical Society mdash the early years Physical Geography v 16 no 1 p 9ndash14

Morse Fremont 1908 The recession of glaciers of Glacier Bay Alaska National Geographic Magazine v 19 no 1 p 76ndash78

Motyka RJ Ferrell VE and Benson CS 1977 Glaciological-volcanological investigations in Katmai National Monument [abs] in Scott SA ed National Park Service Pacific North-west Region ScienceManagement Annual Conference 4th Is-saquah Washington 1ndash3 May 1977 p 22

Motyka RJ Echelmeyer Keith and Elsberg Daniel 2001 Taku Glacier on the move again active deformation of proglacial sediments 2001 [abs] EOS (Transactions American Geo-physical Union) v 82 no 47 Fall Meeting Supplement Ab-stract IP52Andash0745 p F556

Motyka RJ OrsquoNeel Shad Connor CL and Echelmeyer KA 2003 Twentieth century thinning of Mendenhall Glacier Alas-ka and its relationship to climate lake calving and glacier run-off Global and Planetary Change v 35 no 1ndash2 p 93ndash112

Muir John 1893 Alaska American Geologist v 11 no 5 p 287ndash299

Muir John 1895 The discovery of Glacier Bay Century v 50 p 234ndash247

Muir John 1902 Notes on the Pacific Coast glaciers in Bur-roughs John Muir John and Grinnel GB 1902 AlaskamdashNarrative glaciers natives Volume 1 of the Harriman Alaska Expedition with Cooperation of the Washington Academy of Sciences New York Doubleday Page and Company p 119-135

Muir John 1915 Travels in Alaska Boston Houghton Mifflin Co 326 p

Muldrow Robert 1901 Mount McKinley National Geographic Magazine v 12 p 312ndash313

Muller EH and Coulter HW 1957a The Knife Creek Glaciers of Katmai National Monument Alaska Journal of Glaciology v 3 no 22 p 116ndash122

Muller EH and Coulter HW 1957b Incipient glaciers develop-ment within Katmai caldera Alaska Journal of Glaciology v 3 no 21 p 13ndash17

Muller EH Post Austin Fleisher PJ Franzi DA Stuckenrath R and Cadwell DH 1991 Buried forest beds exposed by lowering of glacial Lake Tsiu reveal late Holocene history of Bering Glacier Alaska [abs] Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs v 23 no 1 p106

Muskett RR Lingle CS Echelmeyer KA and Valentine VB 2000 Mass balance of Bering Glacier-Bagley Icefield during a surge cycle EOS (Transactions American Geophysical Union) v 81 no 48 Fall Meeting Supplement p F 403ndash404

Nakawo Masayoshi Raymond CF and Fountain Andrew eds 2000 Debris-covered glaciers Wallingford Oxfordshire UK IAHS Press International Association of Hydrological Scienc-es (IAHS) Publication No 264 288 p

National Research Council 1977 Energy and climate Washing-ton DC National Academy Press 158 p

National Research Council 1983 Changing climate report of the carbon dioxide assessment committee Washington DC Na-tional Academy Press 496 p

National Research Council 1985 Glaciers ice sheets and sea levelmdasheffects of a CO

2-induced climatic change report of a

workshop held in Seattle Washington September 13ndash15 1984 Washington DC National Academy Press 348 p

National Research Council 1990 Sea-level change Washington DC National Academy Press 234 p

National Snow and Ice Data Center 1999 (updated in 2003) World Glacier Inventory World Glacier Monitoring Service and Na-tional Snow and Ice Data CenterWorld Data Center for Glaci-ology Boulder CO Digital media

Neal Christina [CA] and McGimsey RG 1996 Volcanoes of the Wrangell Mountains and Cook Inlet Region Alaska US Geological Survey Digital Data Series DDSndash039

Neal CA and McGimsey RG 1997a 1996 volcanic activity in Alaska and Kamchatka summary of events and response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory US Geological Survey Open-File Report 97ndash433 34 p

Neal Christina [CA] and McGimsey RG 1997b Volcanoes of the Alaska Peninsula and Aleutian Islands Alaska US Geolo-gial Survey Digital Data Series DDSndash40

Neal CA McGimsey RG Doukas MP Miller TP Richter D Paskievitch JF and Ellersieck I 1992 The August 18 1992 eruption of Mount Spurr volcano Alaska Tephra-fall stratigra-phy distribution and impact [abs] EOS (Transactions Ameri-can Geophysical Union) v 73 no 43 Fall Meeting Supple-ment p 342

Nichols RL and Miller MM 1952 The Moreno Glacier Lago Argentino Patagonia Journal of Glaciology v 2 no 11 p 41ndash50

Nolan Matt Motyka RJ Echelmeyer Keith and Trabant DC 1995 Ice-thickness measurements of Taku Glacier Alaska USA and their relevance to its recent behavior Journal of Glaciology v 41 no 139 p 541ndash553

Nye CJ 1983 Petrology and geochemistry of Okmok and Wrangell Volcanoes Alaska Santa Cruz California University of California PhD dissertation unpublished 215 p

Nye JF 1976 Water flow in glaciers Joumlkulhlaups tunnels and veins Journal of Glaciology v 17 no 76 p 181ndash207

Ommanney CSL 2002a History of glacier investigations in Canada in Williams RS Jr and Ferrigno JG eds Satellite image atlas of glaciers of the world US Geological Survey Professional Paper 1386ndashJ (Glaciers of North America) p J27ndashJ82 [httppubsusgsgovprofp1386j]


Ommanney CSL 2002b Mapping Canadas glaciers with a sec-tion on mapping glaciers in the Interior Ranges and Rocky Mountains with Landsat data by Wheate RD Sidjak RW and Whyte GT in Williams RS Jr and Ferrigno JG eds Satellite image atlas of glaciers of the world US Geological Survey Professional Paper 1386ndashJ (Glaciers of North Ameri-ca) p J83ndashJ99 [httppubsusgsgovprofp1386j]

OrsquoNeel Shad Pfeffer WT Krimmel RM and Meier MM 2005 Evolving force balance at Columbia Glacier Alaska during its rapid retreat Journal of Geophysical Research v 110 F03012 18 p doi1010292005JF000292

Orth DJ 1967 Dictionary of Alaska place names US Geologi-cal Survey Professional Paper 567 1084 p 12 maps

Orth DJ 1971 Dictionary of Alaska place names US Geologi-cal Survey Professional Paper 567 1084 p 12 maps (Reprint of 1967 edition with minor revisions)

Osgood WH 1904 Lake Clark a little known Alaskan lake Na-tional Geographic Magazine v 15 p 326ndash331

Ostenso NA and Holmes GW 1962 Gravimetric determina-tions of ice thickness of Jarvis Glacier Alaska in Geological Survey Research 1962 Short papers in geology and hydrology articles 60ndash119 US Geological Survey Professional Paper 450ndashC p C93ndashC96

Ostenso NA Sellman PV and Peacuteweacute TL 1965 The bottom to-pography of Gulkana Glacier Alaska Range Alaska Journal of Glaciology v 5 no 41 p 651ndash660 map

Paige RA 1965 Advance of Walsh Glacier Journal of Glaciology v 5 no 42 p 876ndash878

Paul Frank 2002 Combined technologies allow rapid analysis of glacier changes EOS (Transactions of the American Geophys-ical Union) v 83 no 23 p 253 260ndash261

Paul Frank 2003 The new Swiss glacier inventory 2000 Applica-tion of remote sensing and GIS Zuumlrich Switzerland Dr Sc Nat (PhD) dissertation University of Zuumlrich 199 p

Paul Frank Kaumlaumlb Andreas Maisch Max Kellenberger Tobias and Haeberli Wilfried 2002 The new remote-sensing-derived Swiss glacier inventory I Methods Annals of Glaciology v 34 p 355ndash361

Pelto MS 2000 Mass balance of adjacent debris-covered and clean glacier ice in the North Cascades Washington in Naka-wo Masayoshi Raymond CF and Fountain Andrew eds Debris-covered glaciers Wallingford Oxfordshire UK IAHS Press International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS) Publication No 264 p 35ndash42

Peacuteweacute TL 1957 Recent history of Canwell and Castner Glaciers Alaska Geological Society of America Bulletin v 68 no 12 p 1779

Peacuteweacute TL and Reger RD 1972 Modern and Wisconsinan snow-lines in Alaska International Geological Congress 24th Mon-treacuteal Proceedings p 187ndash197

Peacuteweacute TL and Reger RD 1983 Delta River area Alaska Range in Peacuteweacute TL and Reger RD eds Guidebook to permafrost and Quaternary geology along the Richardson and Glenn High-ways between Fairbanks and Anchorage Alaska Alaska Divi-sion of Geological and Geophysical Surveys Guidebook p 47ndash135

Pfeffer WT 2007 A simple mechanism for irreversible tidewater glacier retreat Journal of Geophysical Research v 112 F03S25 doi1010292006JF000590

Pfeffer WT Cohn J Meier MF and Krimmel RM 2000 Alas-kan glacier beats a dramatic retreat EOS (Transactions Amer-ican Geophysical Union) v 81 no 48 p 577 and p 584

Plafker George and Miller DJ 1958 Glacial features and surfi-cial deposits of the Malaspina District Alaska US Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map Indash27 1 sheet scale 196000

Porter SC 1966 Pleistocene geology of Anaktuvuk Pass cen-tral Brooks Range Alaska Arctic Institute of North America Technical Paper 18 100 p

Porter SC 1989 Late Holocene fluctuations of the fiord glacier system in Icy Bay Alaska USA Arctic and Alpine Research v 21 no 4 p 364ndash379

Post Austin 1960 The exceptional advances of the Muldrow Black Rapids and Susitna Glaciers Journal of Geophysical Research v 65 no 11 p 3703ndash3712

Post Austin 1965 Alaskan glaciersmdashRecent observations in re-spect to the earthquake-advance theory Science v 148 no 3668 p 366ndash368

Post Austin 1966 The recent surge of Walsh Glacier Yukon and Alaska 1966 Journal of Glaciology v 6 no 45 p 375ndash381

Post Austin 1967a Effects of the March 1964 Alaska earthquake on glaciers US Geological Survey Professional Paper 544ndashD 42 p

Post Austin 1967b Walsh Glacier surge 1966 observation Jour-nal of Glaciology v 6 no 47 p 763ndash765

Post Austin 1969 Distribution of surging glaciers in western North America Journal of Glaciology v 8 no 53 p 229ndash240

Post Austin 1972 Periodic surge origin of folded medial mo-raines on Bering Piedmont Glacier Alaska Journal of Glaciol-ogy v 11 no 62 p 219ndash226

Post Austin 1975 Preliminary hydrography and historic termi-nal changes of Columbia Glacier Alaska US Geological Sur-vey Hydrological Investigations Atlas HAndash559 3 sheets scale 110000

Post Austin 1976 Environmental geology of the central Gulf of Alaska coast in Williams RS Jr and Carter WD eds ERTSndash1 a new window on our planet US Geological Survey Professional Paper 929 p 117ndash119

Post Austin 1978 Interim bathymetry of Columbia Glacier and approaches Alaska US Geological Survey Open-File Report 78ndash449 1 sheet scale 120000

Post Austin 1980a Preliminary bathymetry of Aialik Bay and neoglacial changes of Aialik and Pederson Glaciers Alaska US Geological Survey Open-File Report 80ndash423 1 sheet scale 120000

Post Austin 1980b Preliminary bathymetry of McCarty Fiord and neoglacial changes of McCarty Glacier Alaska US Geo-logical Survey Open-File Report 80ndash424 4 sheets scale 120000

Post Austin 1980c Preliminary bathymetry of Northwestern Fiord and neoglacial changes of Northwestern Glacier Alaska US Geological Survey Open-File Report 80ndash414 2 sheets scale 120000


Post Austin 1983 Preliminary bathymetry of upper Icy Bay Alaska US Geological Survey Open-File Report 83ndash256 1 sheet scale 120000

Post Austin 1995 Annual aerial photography of glaciers in north-west North America How it all began and its Golden Age Physical Geography v 16 no 1 p 15ndash26

Post Austin 1997 Passive and active iceberg producing glaciers in Van der Veen CJ ed Calving Glaciers Report of a Work-shop February 28ndashMarch 2 1997 Columbus Ohio The Ohio State University Byrd Polar Research Center BPRC Report No 15 p 121ndash136

Post Austin and LaChapelle ER 1971 Glacier ice Seattle Uni-versity of Washington Press 110 p

Post Austin and LaChapelle ER 2000 Glacier ice Revised Edi-tion Seattle University of Washington Press in association with the International Glaciology Society Cambridge Eng-land 145 p

Post Austin and Mayo LR 1971 Glacier-dammed lakes and outburst floods in Alaska US Geological Survey Hydrologi-cal Atlas HAndash455 10 p 3 pls

Post Austin and Meier MF 1980 A preliminary inventory of Alaskan glaciers in World Glacier Inventory Workshop 17ndash22 September 1987 Reideralp Switzerland Proceedings Inter-national Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS) Publi-cation No 126 p 45ndash47

Post Austin and Motyka RJ 1995 Taku and Leconte Glaciers AlaskamdashCalving-speed control of late-Holocene asynchro-nous advances and retreats Physical Geography v 16 no 1 p 59ndash82

Post Austin and Viens RJ 2000 Preliminary bathymetry of Shoup Glacier Basin and late- Holocene changes of Shoup Gla-cier Alaska US Geological Survey Water-Resources Investi-gations Report 94ndash4093 11 p 2 pls

Price RJ 1966 Eskers near the Casement Glacier Alaska Geografiska Annaler v 48A no 3 p 111ndash125

Przybyl BJ 1988 The Regimen of Grand Union Glacier and the glacial geology of the northwestern Kigluaik Mountains Seward Peninsula State University of New York at Buffalo unpublished MS dissertation 106 p

Rainwater FH and Guy HP 1961 Some observations on the hydrochemistry and sedimentation of the Chamberlin Glacier area US Geological Survey Professional Paper 414ndashC p C1ndashC14

Rasmussen LA 1989 Surface velocity variations of the lower part of Columbia Glacier Alaska 1977ndash1981 US Geological Survey Professional Paper 1258ndashH 52 p

Rasmussen LA and Meier MF 1982 Continuity equation mod-el of the predicted drastic retreat of Columbia Glacier Alaska US Geological Survey Professional Paper 1258ndashA 23 p

Rasmussen LA and Meier MF 1985 Surface topography of the lower part of Columbia Glacier Alaska 1974ndash81 US Geologi-cal Survey Professional Paper 1258ndashE 63 p

Raybus BT and Echelmeyer KA 1997 The flow of a polyther-mal glacier McCall Glacier Alaska USA Journal of Glaciol-ogy v 43 no 145 p 522ndash536

Raybus BT and Echelmeyer KA 1998 The mass balance of McCall Glacier Brooks Range Alaska USA its regional rel-evance and implications for climate change in the Arctic Jour-nal of Glaciology v 44 no 147 p 333ndash351

Raybus BT and Fatland DR 2000 Comparison of SAR-inter-ferometric and surveyed velocities on a mountain glacier Black Rapids Glacier Alaska USA Journal of Glaciology v 46 no 152 p 119ndash128

Raymond CF 1987 How do glaciers surge A review Journal of Geophysical Research v 92 (B9) p 9121ndash9134

Raymond CF and Harrison WD 1987 Fit of ice motion models to observations from Variegated Glacier Alaska International Association of Hydrological Sciences Publication No 170 p 153ndash166

Raymond CF and Harrison WD 1988 Evolution of Variegated Glacier Alaska USA prior to its surge Journal of Glaciology v 34 no 117 p 154ndash169

Raymond CF and Malone SD 1986 Propagating strain anom-alies during mini-surges of Variegated Glacier Alaska Journal of Glaciology v 132 no 111 p 178ndash191

Raymond CF Johannesson T Pfeffer WT and Sharp M 1987 Propagation of a glacier surge into stagnant ice Journal of Geophysical Research v 92 no B9 p 9037ndash9049

Reeburgh WS Muench RD and Cooney RT 1976 Oceano-graphic conditions during 1973 in Russell Fjord Alaska Estu-arine and Coastal Marine Science v 4 no 2 p 129ndash145

Reid HF 1892 Studies of Muir Glacier Alaska National Geo-graphic Magazine v 4 p 19ndash84

Reid HF 1895 The variations of glaciers Journal of Geology v 3 no 3 p 278ndash288

Reid HF 1896 Glacier Bay and its glaciers US Geological Sur-vey Annual Report 16 (1894ndash1895) pt 1 p 415ndash461

Reid HF 1897 Variations of glaciers II Journal of Geology v 5 no 4 p 378ndash383

Reid HF 1898 Variations of glaciers III Journal of Geology v 6 no 5 p 473ndash476

Reid HF 1899 Variations of glaciers IV Journal of Geology v 7 no 3 p 217ndash225

Reid HF 1900 Variations of glaciers V Journal of Geology v 8 no 2 p 154ndash159

Reid HF 1904 Variations of glaciers IX Journal of Geology v 12 no 3 p 252ndash263

Reid HF 1909 Variations of glaciers XIV Journal of Geology v 17 no 7 p 667ndash671

Reid HF 1913a Variations of glaciers XVII Journal of Geology v 21 no 5 p 422ndash426

Reid HF 1913b Variations of glaciers XVIII Journal of Geology v 21 no 8 p 748ndash753

Reid HF 1915 Variations of glaciers XIX Journal of Geology v 23 no 6 p 548ndash553

Reid JR 1969 Effects of a debris slide on ldquoSioux Glacierrdquo south-central Alaska Journal of Glaciology v 8 no 54 p 353ndash367

Reid JR and Clayton Lee 1963 Observations of rapid water-level fluctuations in ice sink-hole lakes Martin River Glacier Alaska Journal of Glaciology v 4 no 35 p 650ndash652

Reimnitz Erk 1966 Late Quaternary history and sedimentation of the Copper River Delta and vicinity Alaska University of California San Diego PhD dissertation 188 p


Rice B 1987 Changes in the Harding Icefield Kenai Peninsula Alaska with management implications for Kenai Fiords Na-tional Park University of Alaska Fairbanks School of Agricul-ture and Land Resources unpublished MS dissertation 142 p

Richardson SD and Reynolds JM 2000 Degradation of ice-cored moraine dams implications for hazard development in Nakawo Masayoshi Raymond CF and Fountain Andrew eds Debris-covered glaciers Wallingford Oxfordshire UK IAHS Press International Association of Hydrological Scienc-es (IAHS) Publication No 264 p187ndash196

Richter DH Rosenkrans DS and Steigerwald MJ 1995 Guide to the volcanoes of the western Wrangell Mountains AlaskamdashWrangell - St Elias National Park and Preserve US Geological Survey Bulletin 2072 31 p

Riehle JR 1985 A reconnaissance of the major Holocene tephra deposits in the upper Cook Inlet region Alaska Journal of Vol-canology and Geothermal Research v 26 no 1ndash2 p 37ndash74

Rohn Oscar 1900 A reconnaissance of the Chitina River and the Skolai Mountains Alaska US Geological Survey Annual Re-port 21 pt II Alaska p 393ndash440

Roush JJ 1996 The 1993ndash1994 surge of Bering Glacier Alaska observed with satellite synthetic aperture radar University of Alaska Fairbanks MS dissertation 101 p

Russell IC 1891 An expedition to Mount St Elias Alaska The National Geographic Magazine v 3 p 53ndash204

Russell IC 1892 Mount St Elias and its glaciers American Jour-nal of Science v 43 no 255 p 169ndash182

Russell IC 1893 Second expedition to Mount Saint Elias in Powell JW US Geological Survey Annual Report 13 to the Secretary of Interior (1891ndash1892) pt II - geology Washington DC Government Printing Office p 1ndash91

Russell IC 1894 Second expedition to Mount Saint Elias in 1891 Extract from the thirteenth annual report of the director 1891ndash92 Washington DC US Government Printing Office 91 p

Russell IC 1897 Glaciers of North America Boston Ginn and Co 210 p

Sable EG 1960 Recent recession and thinning of Okpilak Gla-cier northeastern Alaska Arctic v 14 no 76 p 176ndash187

Sapiano JJ Harrison WD and Echelmeyer KA 1998 Eleva-tion volume and terminus changes of nine glaciers in North America Journal of Glaciology v 44 no 146 p 119ndash135

Sargent RH 1930 Photographing Alaska from the air The Mili-tary Engineer v 22 no 122 p 131ndash145

Sargent RH and Moffit FH 1929 Aerial photographic surveys in southeastern Alaska US Geological Survey Bulletin 797ndashE p 143ndash160

Sater JE 1959 Glacier studies of the McCall Glacier Alaska Arctic v 12 no 2 p 82ndash86

Sauber Jeanne and Molnia BF 2000 Glacial fluctuations and the rate of deformation in south central coastal Alaska [abs] EOS (Transactions American Geophysical Union) v 81 no 48 Fall Meeting Supplement p F325

Sauber Jeanne and Molnia BF 2004 Glacier ice mass fluctua-tions and fault instability in tectonically active southern Alas-ka Journal of Global and Planetary Change v 42 no 1ndash4 p 279ndash293

Sauber Jeanne Plafker George Molnia BF and Bryant MA 2000 Crustal deformation associated with glacial fluctuations in the eastern Chugach Mountains Alaska Journal of Geo-physical Research v 105B no 4 p 8055ndash8077

Scarp Exploration Inc 1998ndash2003 Alaska place-names diction-ary and USGS maps Fairbanks Alaska CD-ROM

Schorr AE 1991 Alaska place names (4th ed) Juneau The De-nali Press 191 p

Schrader FC 1900 A reconnaissance of a part of Prince William Sound and the Copper River District Alaska in 1898 US Geological Survey Annual Report 20 (1898ndash99) pt 7 Explora-tions in Alaska in 1898 p341ndash423

Schwatka Frederick 1885 Along Alaskarsquos great river New York Cassell and Company 360 p

Seitz HR Thomas DS and Tomlinson Bud 1986 The storage and release of water from a large glacier-dammed lakemdashRus-sell Lake near Yakutat Alaska 1986 US Geological Survey Open-File Report 86ndash545 10 p

Serreze MC Walsh JE Chapin FS Osterkamp T Dyurgerov M Romanovsky V Oechel WC Morison J Zhang T and Barry RG 2000 Observational evidence of recent change in the northern high-latitude environment Climatic Change v 46 nos 1ndash2 p 159ndash207

Seton Karr HW 1887 Shores and alps of Alaska London Samp-son Low Marston Searle and Rivington 248 p

Sfraga Michael 2004 Bradford Washington mdash A life of explora-tion Corvallis OR Oregon State University Press 280 p

Sharp RP 1951 Accumulation and ablation on the Seward-Malaspina Glacier system Canada-Alaska Geological Society of America Bulletin v 62 no 7 p 725ndash744

Sharp RP 1956 Glaciers in the Arctic Arctic v 9 nos 1 and 2 p 78ndash117

Sharp RP 1958a The latest major advance of Malaspina Glacier Alaska Geographical Review v 48 no 1 p 16ndash26

Sharp RP 1958b Malaspina Glacier Alaska Geological Society of America Bulletin v 69 no 6 p 617ndash646

Sherwood MB 1965 Exploration of Alaska 1865ndash1900 New Haven Yale University Press 207 p

Shreve RL 1966 Sherman landslide Alaska Science v 154 no 3756 p 1639ndash1643

Shreve RL 1968 Sherman landslide in The great Alaska earth-quake of 1964 v 1 Hydrology pt A Washington DC Na-tional Academy of Sciences Publication 1603 p 395ndash401

Sikonia WG 1982 Finite element glacier dynamics model ap-plied to Columbia Glacier Alaska US Geological Survey Pro-fessional Paper 1258ndashB p B1ndashB74

Sikonia WG and Post Austin 1979 Columbia Glacier AlaskamdashRecent ice loss and its relationship to seasonal terminal em-bayments thinning and glacier flow US Geological Survey Open-File Report 79ndash1265 3 sheets (also printed 1980 as US Geological Survey Hydrological Investigations Atlas HAndash619)

Simpson George 1847 Narrative of a journey round the World during the years 1841ndash1842 London H Colburn

Skidmore ER 1894 Recent explorations in Alaska National Geographic Magazine v 5 p 173ndash179

Skidmore ER 1896 Discovery of Glacier Bay National Geo-graphic Magazine v 7 p 140ndash146


Skidmore ER 1899 The Stikine River in 1898 National Geo-graphic Magazine v 10 p 1ndash15

Smith PS 1912 Glaciation in northwestern Alaska Geological Society of America Bulletin v 23 p 563ndash570

Smith PS and Mertie JB Jr 1930 Geology and mineral re-sources of northwestern Alaska US Geological Survey Bul-letin 815 351 p

Smith WR 1925 The Cold Bay-Katmai District in Mineral re-sources of Alaska Report on progress of investigations in 1923 US Geological Survey Bulletin 773 p 183ndash207

Smith WR and Baker AA 1924 The Cold Bay-Chignik District in Mineral resources of Alaska Report on progress of investi-gations in 1922 US Geological Survey Bulletin 755 p 151ndash218

Spurr JE 1900 A reconnaissance in southwestern Alaska in 1898 US Geological Survey Annual Report 20 (1898ndash99) pt VII Explorations in Alaska in 1898 p 31ndash264

Stone KH 1955 Alaskan ice-dammed lakes Arctic Institute of North America Report unpublished Project Report ONRndash67 86 p

Stone KH 1963a Alaskan ice-dammed lakes Association of American Geographers Annals v 53 no 3 p 332ndash349

Stone KH 1963b The annual emptying of Lake George Alaska Arctic v 16 no 1 p 26ndash40

Strasser JC Lawson DE Larson GJ Evenson EB and Al-ley RB 1996 Preliminary results of tritium analyses in basal ice Matanuska Glacier Alaska USA evidence for subglacial ice accretion Annals of Glaciology v 22 p 126ndash133

Sturm Matthew 1987 Observations on the distribution and char-acteristics of potholes on surging glaciers Journal of Geo-physical Research v 92B no 9 p 9015ndash9022

Sturm Matthew 1995 Short-period velocity fluctuations of two glaciers on Mt Wrangell Alaska Physical Geography v 16 no 1 p 42ndash58

Sturm Matthew and Benson CS 1985 A history of joumlkulhlaups from Strandline Lake Alaska USA Journal of Glaciology v 31 no 109 p 272ndash280

Sturm Matthew Hall DK Benson CS and Field WO 1991 Non-climatic control of glacier-terminus fluctuations in the Wrangell and Chugach Mountains Alaska USA Journal of Glaciology v 37 no 127 p 348ndash356

Swithinbank Charles 1988 Antarctica in Williams RS Jr and Ferrigno JG eds Satellite image atlas of glaciers of the world US Geological Survey Professional Paper 1386-B 278 p

Takeuchi Yukari Kayastha RB and Nakawo Masayoshi 2000 Characteristics of ablation and heat balance in debris-free and debris-covered areas on Khumbu Glacier Nepal Himalayas in the pre-monsoon season in Nakawo Masayoshi Raymond CF and Fountain Andrew eds Debris-covered glaciers Wallingford Oxfordshire UK IAHS Press International Asso-ciation of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS) Publication No 264 p 53ndash62

Taliaferro NL 1932 Geology of the Yakataga Katalla and Nich-awak Districts Alaska Geological Society of America Bulle-tin v 43 no 3 p 749ndash782

Tangborn WV 1999 A mass balance model that uses low-alti-tude meteorological observations and the area-altitude distri-bution of a glacier Geografiska Annaler v 81A no 4 p 753ndash765

Tangborn WV Mayo LR Scully DR and Krimmel RM 1977 Combined ice and water balances of Maclure Glacier Califor-nia South Cascade Glacier Washington and Wolverine and Gulkana Glaciers Alaska 1967 hydrologic year US Geologi-cal Survey Professional Paper 715ndashB 20 p

Tarr RS 1907 The advancing Malaspina Glacier Science v 25 no 627 p 34ndash37

Tarr RS and Martin Lawrence 1906 Glaciers and glaciation of Yakutat Bay Alaska American Geographical Society Bulletin v 38 no 3 p 145ndash167

Tarr RS and Martin Lawrence 1910 The National Geographic Societyrsquos Alaskan Expedition of 1909 The National Geographic Magazine v XXI no 1 p 1ndash53

Tarr RS and Martin Lawrence 1914 Alaskan glacier studies of the National Geographic Society in the Yakutat Bay Prince William Sound and lower Copper River regions Washington DC National Geographic Society 498 p

Tebenrsquokov MD 1852 Atlas ldquosieverozapadnykh beregovrsquo Ameriki otrsquo Bering ova proliva do mysa Korrientesrsquo i ostrovovrsquo Aleutskikhrsquo srdquo prisovokupleniemrsquo niekotorykhrsquo miestrsquo Sievero-vostochnago berega Azii Sankt-peterburg [An English version exists Tebenrsquokov MD 1981 Atlas of the northwest coasts of America from Bering Strait to Cape Corrientes and the Aleu-tian Islands with several sheets on the northeast coast of Asia Kingston Ontario Limestone Press 109 p 20 maps

Thompson LS and Smith SE 1988 Constructing a 5-meter contour map and determining volumetric change from digital data West Gulkana Glacier Alaska in Marcus MG and Reynolds WJ eds Glacier and climate studies West Gulka-na Glacier and environs Alaska v 1 Arizona State University Department of Geography Publications Series No 4 and Unit-ed States Military Academy Department of Geography and Computer Science Research Paper No 1 142 p and map

Thorarinsson Sigurdur 1939 The ice dammed lakes of Iceland with particular reference to their values as indicators of gla-cier oscillations Geografiska Annaler v 21 no 3ndash4 p 216ndash242

Time Magazine 1937 Runaway glacier 1 March 1937 v 29 no 9 p 34

Topham HW 1889 An expedition to Mount St Elias Alaska Al-pine Journal v 14 no 105 p 345ndash371

Trabant DC 1999 Perennial snow and ice volumes on Iliamna Volcano Alaska estimated with ice radar and volume model-ing US Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99ndash4176 11 p

Trabant DC and Hawkins DB 1997 Glacier ice-volume mod-eling and glacier volumes on Redoubt Volcano Alaska US Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97ndash4187 29 p

Trabant DC and Krimmel RM 2001 Hubbard Glacier will block the entrance to Russell Fiord Alaska [abs] EOS (Trans-actions American Geophysical Union) v 82 no 47 Fall Meet-ing Supplement Abstract IP22Andash0685 p F531ndash532


Trabant DC and March RS 1999 Mass-balance measurements in Alaska and suggestions for simplified observation pro-grams Geografiska Annaler v 81A no 4 p 777ndash789

Trabant DC and Mayo LR 1980 Knik Glacier May 1979 mon-ument and glacier survey US Geological Survey Open-File Report 80ndash48 23 p

Trabant DC Krimmel RM and Post Austin 1990 A prelimi-nary forecast of the advance of Hubbard Glacier and its influ-ence on Russell Fiord Alaska US Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90ndash4172 34 p

Trabant DC Molnia BF and Post Austin 1991 Bering Glacier Alaskamdashbed configuration and potential for calving retreat [abs] EOS (Transactions American Geophysical Union) v 72 no 44 Fall Meeting Supplement p 159

Trabant DC Waitt RB and Major JJ 1994 Disruption of Drift Glacier and origin of floods during the 1989ndash90 eruption of Re-doubt Volcano Alaska Journal of Volcanology and Geother-mal Research v 62 nos 1ndash4 p 369ndash385

Trabant DC Krimmel RM Echelmeyer K Zirnheld SL Els-berg DH 2003 The slow advance of a calving glacier Hub-bard Glacier Alaska Annals of Glaciology v 36 p 45ndash50

Tryggvason Eysteinn 1960 Earthquakes joumlkulhlaups and sub-glacial eruptions Joumlkull v 10 p 18ndash22

Truffer Martin Craw Patty Trabant Dennis and March Rod 2002 Effects of the M79 Denali Fault Earthquake on glaciers in the Alaska Range (abs amp poster) AGU 2002 Fall Meeting S72F-1334 [available at httpakwaterusgsgovglaciologyM79_quakereports2002agu_poster]

Tuthill SJ Field WO and Clayton Lee 1968 Postearthquake studies at Sherman and Sheridan Glaciers in The great Alaska earthquake of 1964 v 1 Hydrology pt A National Academy of Sciences Publication 1603 p 318ndash328

US Army Map Service 1957 Adak Cndash6 SW Alaska United States Army Map Service Topographic Map Sheet 2524-IV SW scale 125000

United States Coast Survey 1878 Mount St Elias and Coast Range to Cape Spencer Alaska in United States Coast Survey 1878 The progress of the Survey during the year 1875 Wash-ington DC Government Printing Office Plate 22 11500000 scale

United States Coast and Geodetic Survey 1882 Coast from Lituya Bay to Yakutat Bay in United States Coast and Geodetic Sur-vey 1883 Pacific Coast Pilot Alaska part 1 Washington DC Government Printing Office Chart 15 Plate 1578 scale 1510000

United States Coast and Geodetic Survey 1891 Pacific Coast Pi-lot Alaska part 1 Dixon Entrance to Yakutat Bay 3d edition Washington DC Government Printing Office p 136

United States Geological Survey 1899 Maps and descriptions of routes of exploration in Alaska in 1898 with general informa-tion concerning the territory USGS Special Publication 138 p 10 maps

United States Geological Survey 1929 Mineral resources of Alas-ka report on progress of investigations in 1926 Bulletin 797 227 p

United States Geological Survey 1998a Standards for Digital Line Graphs National Mapping Program Technical Instructions Version 0798

United States Geological Survey 1998b Standards for Digital Line Graphs National Mapping Program Technical Instruc-tions Version 0198

United States National Park Service 1997 Glacier Bay official map and guide Washington DC Government Printing Office 1 sheet

Vancouver George 1798 A voyage of discovery to the North Pa-cific Ocean and round the world in the years 1790ndash1795 print-ed for GG and J Robinson London Paternoster-Row and J Edwards Pall-Mall v 4 1752 p

Van der Veen CJ 1995 Controls on calving rate and basal slid-ing Observations from Columbia Glacier Alaska prior to and during its rapid retreat 1976ndash1993 Columbus Ohio The Ohio State University Byrd Polar Research Center BPRC Report No 11 72 p

Van der Veen CJ 1996 Tidewater calving Journal of Glaciology v 42 no 141 p 375ndash385

Van der Veen CJ ed 1997a Calving Glaciers Report of a Work-shop February 28ndashMarch 2 1997 Columbus Ohio The Ohio State University Byrd Polar Research Center BPRC Report No15 194 p

Van der Veen CJ 1997b Controls on the position of iceberg-calving fronts in Van der Veen CJ ed Calving glaciers Re-port of a Workshop February 28ndashMarch 2 1997 Columbus Ohio The Ohio State University Byrd Polar Research Center BPRC Report No 15 p 163ndash172

Viens RJ 1995 Dynamics and mass balance of temperate tide-water calving glaciers of southern Alaska Seattle University of Washington MS dissertation 149 p

Viereck LA 1967 Botanical dating of recent glacial activity in western North America in Wright HE Jr and Osburn WH eds Arctic and Alpine Environment Indiana University Press p 189ndash204

von Engeln OD 1910 Photography in glacial Alaska The Na-tional Geographic Magazine v 21 no 1 p 54ndash62

Wahrhaftig Clyde 1965 Physiographic divisions of Alaska US Geological Survey Professional Paper 482 52 p with maps

Waitt RB Gardner CA Pierson TC Major JJ and Neal CA 1994 Unusual ice diamicts emplaced during 15 Decem-ber 1989 eruption of Redoubt Volcano Alaska Journal of Vol-canology and Geothermal Research v 62 nos 1ndash4 p 409ndash428

Wallace KL McGimsey RG and Miller TP 2000 Historically active volcanoes in Alaska a quick reference US Geological Survey Fact Sheet 118ndash00 online version 10 [httppubsusgsgovfs2000fs118-00]

Walters RA and Dunlap WW 1987 Analysis of time series of glacier speedmdashColumbia Glacier Alaska Journal of Geophysical Research B Solid Earth and Planets v 92 no 9 p 8969ndash8975

Washburn Bradford 1935 Morainic banding of Malaspina and other Alaskan glaciers Geological Society of America Bulle-tin v 46 no12 p 1879ndash1890

Washburn [H]B 1971a The mapping of Mount Hubbard and Mount Kennedy in Oehser PH ed National Geographic So-ciety Research Reports 1966 [v 7] p 249ndash277


Washburn [H]B 1971b Oblique aerial photography of the Mount Hubbard - Mount Kennedy area on the Alaska-Yukon border in Oehser PH ed National Geographic Society Research Reports 1966 [v 8] p 283ndash297

Washburn [H]B 1983 The Muldrow Glacier Mount McKinley Alaska Boston The Museum of Science and Zuumlrich The Swiss Foundation for Alpine Research a large-scale (110000) orthophoto map based on field surveys (1977) and vertical aerial photography (21 August 1976) arranged in five sheets which show the glacier from Gunsight Pass to its terminus [Editors note the original map sheets are archived at the El-mer E Rasmussen Library University of Alaska Fairbanks Alaska]

Waxell Sven 1952 The American Expedition London William Hodge and Company 236 p [Authorrsquos note This is the first printing of Waxellrsquos manuscript describing the 1733ndash1742 ex-pedition it was translated with an introduction and note by MA Michael His manuscript which he probably completed about 1756 was lost for nearly 200 years]

Wendler Gerd 1969 Characteristics of the glaciation of Brooks Range Alaska Archiv fuumlr Meteorologie Geophysik und Biokli-matologie Serie B v 17 no1 p 85ndash92

Wendler Gerd and Ishikawa Nobuyoshi 1973 Experimental study of the amount of ice melt using three different methods a contribution to the International Hydrological Decade Jour-nal of Glaciology v 12 no 66 p 399ndash410

Wendler Gerd and Ishikawa Nobuyoshi 1974a The combined heat ice and water balance of McCall Glacier Alaska a con-tribution to the International Hydrological Decade Journal of Glaciology v 13 no 68 p 227ndash241

Wendler Gerd and Ishikawa Nobuyoshi 1974b The effect of slope exposure and mountain screening on the solar radiation of McCall Glacier Alaska a contribution to the International Hydrological Decade Journal of Glaciology v 13 no 68 p 213ndash226

Wendler Gerd and Weller Gunter 1974 A heat balance study on McCall Glacier Alaska Brooks Range Alaska a contribution to the International Hydrological Decade Journal of Glaciology v 13 no 67 p 13ndash26

Wentworth CK and Ray LL 1936 Studies of certain Alaskan glaciers in 1931 Geological Society of America Bulletin v 47 no 6 p 879ndash933

Westdahl Ferdinand 1903 Mountains on Unimak Island Alaska National Geographic Society Magazine v 14 no 3 p 90ndash99

White BM Siefert SL Hitchcock BW OrsquoNeel S Motyka RJ and Connor CL 1999 1999 results of student field sur-vey at LeConte tidewater glacier southeastern Alaska [abs] in Abstracts with Programs Geological Society of America v 31 no 7 p 269

Wilcox RE 1953 The eruption of Mount Spurr Alaska The Vol-cano Letter no 521 p 8

Wiles GC and Calkin PC 1994 Late Holocene high resolution glacial chronologies and climate Kenai Mountains Alaska Geological Society of America Bulletin v 106 no 2 p 281ndash303

Wiles GC Barclay DJ and Calkin PC 1999 Tree-ring dated ldquoLittle Ice Agerdquo histories of maritime glaciers from western Prince William Sound Alaska The Holocene v 9 no 2 p 163ndash173

Wiles GC Post Austin Muller EH and Molnia BF 1999 Den-drochronology and late Holocene history of Bering Piedmont Glacier Alaska Quaternary Research v 52 no2 p 185ndash195

Williams JR and Ferrians OJ Jr 1961 Late Wisconsin and Re-cent history of the Matanuska Glacier Alaska Arctic v 14 no 2 p 82ndash90

Williams RS Jr and Ferrigno JG eds 2002 Glaciers of North America US Geological Survey Professional Paper 1386-J Satellite Image Atlas of Glaciers of the World 405 p [httppubsusgsgovprofp1386j]

Williams RS Jr and Hall DK 1993 Glaciers in chapter on the cryosphere in Gurney RJ Foster JL and Parkinson CL eds Atlas of Earth Observations Related to Global Change Cambridge (UK) Cambridge University Press p 401ndash422

Williams RS Jr Hall DK and Benson CS 1991 Analysis of glacier facies using satellite techniques Journal of Glaciology v 37 no 125 p 120ndash128

Winkler GR 2000 A geologic guide to Wrangell-Saint Elias Na-tional Park and Preserve Alaska a tectonic collage of north-bound terranes US Geological Survey Professional Pa-per 1616 166 p

Wittich Wilhelm 1869 Curiosities of physical geography com-prising avalanches icebergs trade winds earthquakes volca-noes etc London J Blackwood 412 p

Wood CES 1882 Among the Thlinkits in Alaska Century Maga-zine v 24 no 3 p 323ndash339

Wright GF 1887 Muir Glacier American Journal of Science v 33 no193 p 1ndash18

Wright GF 1889 The Ice Age in North America and its bearings upon the antiquity of man New York D Appleton and Co 622 p


Appendix A

1250000-scale US Geological Survey topographic quadrangle maps of Alaska that show glaciers[ date is uncertain]

Quadrangle name Release date(s) and Data date(s) Revision and Data date(s)

Adak 1957 (1954ndash56) 1983 ()

Afognak 1952 (1951ndash52) 1982 (1978)

Amutka 1 2 1951 () 1983 ()

Anchorage 1962 (1948 1950 1952 1960 1962) 1985 (1978 1979)

Arctic 1956 (1955) 1983 (19783)

Atka 1959 (1953ndash59) 1983 ()

Atlin 1960 (1960) None

Bering Glacier 1959 (1957 1959) 1983 (19783)

Bethel 1980 (1954 1979) 1987 ()

Blying Sound 1953 (1951 1952 1953) 1982 (19783)

Bradfield Canal 1955 (1955) None

Chandler Lake 1956 (1955 1956) 1985 (1979)

Cold Bay 2 1943 (1929 1942 1943) 1975 ()

Cordova 1959 (1950 1953 1959) 1982 (19783)

Craig 1957 (1950ndash56) 1972 ()

Demarcation Point 1955 (1955) 1983 (1978)

False Pass1 1949 (1928 1942 1943) 1970 ()

Gareloi Island2 1954 (1949 1952 1954) 1983 ()

Goodnews Bay 1979 (1954 1978) None

Gulkana 1959 (1949 1950 1955 1959) 1985 (1981)

Healy 1956 (1950ndash56) 1981 ()

Icy Bay 1961 (1957 1961) 1983 (1978)

Iliamna 1957 (1957) 1985 (19783 19803)

Juneau 1962 (1948ndash62) 1985 (19793)

Kenai 1958 (1951 1952 1958) 1986 (1977 1978)

Ketchikan 1955 (1948 1952ndash55) 1976 ()

Killik River 1956 (1955 1956) 1983 (1978 1979)

Kiska2 1951 (1947 1951) 1983 ()

Kodiak 1952 (1948 1949 1952) 1983 (1978 1979)

Lake Clark 1958 (1953ndash58) 1983 (19783 19803)

Lime Hills 1958 (1953ndash58) 1983 (19783 19803)

McCarthy 1960 (1951ndash60) 1981 (1978)

McGrath 1958 (1953ndash55) 1984 (1978 1980)

Mt Fairweather 1961 (1948ndash61) 1982 (19783)

Mt Hayes 1955 (1948ndash55) 1975 ()

Mt Katmai 1951 (1951) 1975 ()

Mt McKinley 1958 (1952 1954 1958) 1982 ()

Mt Michelson 1956 (1955 1956) 1983 (1978)

Mt St Elias 1959 (1959 1961) 1983 (19783)

Nabesna 1960 (1948ndash60) 1982 ()

Nome2 1950 (1950) 1985 (1952 1977 1980)



Petersburg 1960 (1948ndash60) None

Philip Smith Mountains 1956 (1955 1956) 1983 (1975 1978 1982)

Port Alexander 1951 (1951) 1994 ()

Port Moller 1988 (1963 1983) None

Samalga Island1 2 1951 (1944 1949) 1983 ()

Seldovia 1963 (1950ndash63) 1985 (1978 3)

Seward 1953 (1950 1952 1953) 1985 (1978 3)

Sitka 1951 (1949 1951) 1987 ()

Skagway 1961 (1949ndash61) 1982 (19783 1979 3)

Stepovak Bay 1963 (1963) 1981 ()

Sumdum 1961 (1948ndash61) 1971 ()

Survey Pass 1956 (1956) 1982 (1978 1979)

Sutwik Island 1963 (1943 1963) None

Table Mountain 1956 (1955 1956) 1984 (1979ndash81)

Taku River 1960 (1951 1960) None

Talkeetna 1958 (1954 1958) 1967 ()

Talkeetna Mountains 1954 (1951ndash54) 1983 (19783 19803 19813)

Tanacross 1956 (1948ndash56) 1981 ()

Teller2 1950 (1950) 1977 ()

Tyonek 1958 (1952 1954 1958) 1985 (1978ndash80 1982)

Ugashik 1963 (1951ndash63) 1975 ()

Umnak 1951 (1942ndash48) 1983 ()

Unalaska1 2 1951 (1937ndash44) 1984 ()

Unimak1 1951 (1938ndash45) 1983 ()

Valdez 1960 (1949ndash51 1958ndash60) 1981 (19783)

Wiseman 1956 (1955ndash56) 1983 (1970ndash78)

Yakutat 1959 (1948ndash59) 1982 (19783)

1 Incomplete map2 Glaciers known to be present but not mapped3 Changes in glacier terminus shown on latest map by purple-pattern overprint


Appendix B

163360-scale US Geological Survey topographical quadrangle maps of Alaska cited in the text and that show glaciers discussed in the chapter

Quadrangle name Map publication dateAnchorage Alaska Andash2 1960Anchorage Alaska Andash4 1960Anchorage Alaska Bndash7 1960 1994Bering Glacier Alaska Andash7 1984

Cordova Alaska Cndash4 1953 2000Cordova Alaska Dndash5 1954 1950Gulkana Alaska Andash2 1959Juneau Alaska Bndash2 1962

McCarthy Alaska Cndash4 1959 1993Nabesna Alaska Andash3 1960Seldovia Alaska Cndash3 1951Seward Alaska Andash7 1950 1997Seward Alaska Dndash5 1950 1995

Valdez Alaska Andash4 1993Valdez Alaska Andash5 1953Valdez Alaska Andash6 1953Valdez Alaska Cndash7 1960 1993Valdez and vicinity Alaska 1962

sheet number 29


Appendix C

Named Alaska glaciers from the US Board on Geographic Names Geographic Features Names Database1 and Alaska Dictionary Database2 (as of 2004)

Glacier name Latitude Longitude Map name3

Adams Glacier 58deg4657N 135deg5012W Juneau Dndash6

Addison Glacier 59deg5607N 149deg4720W Blying Sound Dndash8

Agassiz Glacier 60deg1110N 140deg4431W Mount Saint Elias Andash8

Aho Glacier 60deg4851N 152deg3900W Kenai Dndash8

Aialik Glacier 59deg5805N 149deg4759W Blying Sound Dndash8

Alexander Glacier 59deg5354N 139deg2457W Yakutat Dndash4

Allen Glacier 60deg4700N 144deg3700W Cordova Dndash2

Alsek Glacier 59deg1200N 138deg0800W Yakutat Andash1

Alverstone Glacier 60deg1756N 139deg0833W Mount Saint Elias Andash4 Bndash4

Amherst Glacier 61deg0056N 147deg5120W Anchorage Andash3

Anderson Glacier 61deg0546N 141deg0545W McCarthy Andash1

Anderson Glacier 61deg0747N 146deg4400W Valdez Andash8

Andrews Glacier 58deg5445N 136deg2030W Mount Fairweather Dndash2

Annin Glacier 61deg0628N 146deg4111W Valdez Andash8

Antler Glacier 58deg5044N 134deg3754W Juneau Dndash2 Dndash3

Applegate Glacier 60deg2731N 148deg3555W Seward Bndash5

Arey Glacier 69deg1424N 143deg5133W Demarcation Point Andash5

Art Lewis Glacier 59deg5304N 138deg5227W Yakutat Dndash3

Arthur Glacier 59deg1400N 135deg5000W Skagway Andash3

Atrevida Glacier 59deg5738N 139deg4743W Yakutat Dndash5

Augusta Glacier 60deg1532N 140deg2535W Mount Saint Elias Andash7 Bndash7

Aurel Glacier 59deg1415N 135deg5700W Skagway Andash3

Aurora Glacier 58deg3958N 136deg4212W Mount Fairweather Cndash3

Baby Glacier 61deg0946N 147deg3556W Anchorage Andash2

Bacon Glacier 58deg3859N 133deg4829W Taku River Cndash6

Bainbridge Glacier 60deg0631N 148deg2908W Seward Andash4

Baird Glacier 57deg1332N 132deg2536W Sumdum Andash2

Baker Glacier 61deg0448N 148deg2145W Anchorage Andash4

Baldwin Glacier 60deg4751N 141deg1822W Bering Glacier Dndash1

Baldwin Glacier 58deg5530N 136deg2300W Mount Fairweather Dndash2

Baltimore Glacier 61deg1806N 147deg4614W Anchorage Bndash2 Bndash3

Barnard Glacier 61deg1034N 147deg5627W Anchorage Andash3

Barnard Glacier 61deg0954N 141deg3359W McCarthy Andash2

Barrier Glacier 61deg1446N 152deg2146W Tyonek Andash6 Andash7

Barry Glacier 61deg1143N 148deg0229W Anchorage Andash3 Andash4

Bartlett Glacier 60deg3730N 148deg5829W Seward Cndash6

Battle Glacier 58deg4338N 134deg3409W Juneau Cndash2 Dndash2

Battle Glacier 59deg3800N 138deg1630W Yakutat Cndash1

Bear Glacier 59deg5938N 149deg3706W Blying Sound Dndash7

Bear Lake Glacier 60deg1009N 149deg1450W Seward Andash6 Andash7

Beare Glacier 60deg0121N 141deg4044W Bering Glacier Andash2

Beloit Glacier 60deg3843N 148deg4123W Seward Cndash5



Bench Glacier 61deg0159N 145deg4116W Valdez Andash5

Bering Glacier System 60deg3001N 142deg3001W Bering Glacier 1250000

Bering Glacier 60deg1808N 143deg2511W Bering Glacier Andash8 Bndash7

Bertha Glacier 59deg1137N 135deg4822W Skagway Andash3

Betge Glacier 60deg2805N 143deg0005W Bering Glacier Bndash7

Bettles Glacier 60deg5550N 148deg2435W Seward Dndash4

Billings Glacier 60deg5222N 148deg3507W Seward Dndash5 SE

Bird Glacier 61deg0038N 149deg1652W Anchorage Andash7 SE

Black Glacier 59deg5742N 139deg4023W Yakutat Dndash5

Black Rapids Glacier 63deg2741N 146deg1136W Mount Hayes Bndash5 Cndash4

Black and Tan Glacier 61deg4422N 152deg3751W Tyonek Cndash8 Dndash8

Blackstone Glacier 60deg3826N 148deg4401W Seward Cndash5

Blockade Glacier 61deg0043N 152deg1718W Tyonek Andash6 Andash7

Blossom Glacier 60deg0138N 140deg0350W Mount Saint Elias Andash6

Boundary Glacier 59deg2029N 136deg2608W Skagway Bndash4

Boundary Glacier 56deg0620N 130deg0708W Bradfield Canal Andash1

Brady Glacier 58deg3452N 136deg4702W Mount Fairweather Bndash2 Cndash3

Bravo Glacier 69deg1606N 143deg5012W Demarcation Point Bndash5

Bremner Glacier 60deg4957N 143deg1855W Bering Glacier Dndash7 Dndash8

Bridge Glacier 58deg2435N 133deg4026W Taku River Bndash6

Brilliant Glacier 61deg0757N 147deg2629W Anchorage Andash2

Broken Glacier 63deg2442N 145deg3257W Mount Hayes Bndash4

Brooks Glacier 63deg0918N 150deg3608W Mount McKinley Andash2

Brown Glacier 57deg4147N 132deg5748W Sumdum Cndash3 Cndash4

Bryn Mawr Glacier 61deg1513N 147deg4929W Anchorage Andash3 Bndash3

Bucher Glacier 58deg5248N 134deg3210W Juneau Dndash2

Buckskin Glacier 62deg5909N 150deg2150W Talkeetna Dndash1

Burns Glacier 60deg4359N 148deg4441W Seward Cndash5 Dndash5 SW

Burroughs Glacier 58deg5927N 136deg1723W Mount Fairweather Dndash1

Butler Glacier 59deg5705N 139deg0317W Yakutat Dndash3

Byron Glacier 60deg4503N 148deg5126W Seward Dndash5 SW

Caldwell Glacier 62deg2336N 152deg3951W Talkeetna Bndash6

Camicia Glacier 61deg0808N 146deg0337W Valdez Andash6 NW

Cantwell Glacier 63deg2648N 149deg2535W Healy Bndash5

Canwell Glacier 63deg2005N 145deg3256W Mount Hayes Bndash4

Canyon Glacier 59deg1647N 138deg2555W Yakutat Bndash2

Cap Glacier 60deg5703N 147deg5433W Seward Dndash3

Capps Glacier 61deg1943N 151deg5924W Tyonek Bndash5 Bndash6

Carl Glacier 62deg0709N 141deg3214W Nabesna Andash2

Carroll Glacier 59deg0503N 136deg3842W Skagway Andash5

Carroll Glacier 60deg4200N 148deg4300W Seward Cndash5

Cascade Glacier 61deg0845N 148deg1106W Anchorage Andash4

Cascade Glacier 58deg4039N 137deg2553W Mount Fairweather Cndash5

Cascade Glacier 60deg1303N 140deg2847W Mount Saint Elias Andash7

Cascading Glacier 59deg4748N 139deg0347W Yakutat Dndash3

Casement Glacier 59deg0118N 135deg5549W Skagway Andash3 Juneau Dndash6

Casey Glacier 56deg0223N 130deg1034W Bradfield Canal Andash1



Castner Glacier 63deg2535N 145deg3600W Mount Hayes Bndash4

Cataract Glacier 61deg0152N 148deg2459W Anchorage Andash4

Chamberlain Glacier 59deg2256N 138deg4039W Yakutat Bndash2 Bndash3

Chamberlin Glacier 69deg1718N 144deg5537W Mount Michelson Bndash2

Charley Glacier 58deg5142N 137deg0905W Mount Fairweather Dndash4

Charpentier Glacier 58deg3958N 136deg3430W Mount Fairweather Cndash2

Chedotlothna Glacier 62deg5322N 151deg5217W Talkeetna Dndash4

Chenega Glacier 60deg1440N 148deg2824W Seward Andash4 Bndash4

Chernof Glacier 59deg5101N 150deg2325W Seldovia Dndash1 Dndash2

Cheshnina Glacier 61deg5445N 144deg0705W Valdez Dndash1

Chetaslina Glacier 62deg0009N 144deg1159W Gulkana Andash1 Valdez Dndash1

Chichokna Glacier 62deg0043N 144deg1711W Gulkana Andash1 Valdez Dndash1

Chickaloon Glacier 62deg0606N 148deg2609W Talkeetna Mountains Andash3

Chickamin Glacier 56deg0346N 130deg1756W Bradfield Canal Andash1

Chikuminuk Glacier 60deg0656N 159deg1715W Bethel Andash1

Childs Glacier 60deg4044N 144deg5204W Cordova Cndash3

Chilkat Glacier 59deg4049N 135deg3948W Skagway Cndash2 Cndash3

Chisana Glacier 62deg0044N 142deg2045W Nabesna Andash3

Chistochina Glacier 63deg1136N 144deg4533W Mount Hayes Andash2 Gulkana Andash2

Chitina Glacier 61deg0015N 141deg1527W McCarthy Andash1 Bering Glacier D-2

Chitistone Glacier 61deg2946N 142deg0449W McCarthy Bndash3 Cndash4

Clara Smith Glacier 56deg1417N 130deg2944W Bradfield Canal Andash2

Claremont Glacier 60deg3037N 148deg4238W Seward Cndash5

Clark Glacier 58deg4841N 137deg0628W Mount Fairweather Dndash4

Clear Glacier 61deg0339N 149deg0913W Anchorage Andash6

Cleave Creek Glacier 61deg0816N 145deg1243W Valdez Andash4

Coal Glacier 60deg1153N 141deg1216W Bering Glacier Andash1

College Glacier 63deg1520N 145deg2047W Mount Hayes Andash3 Bndash3

Colony Glacier 61deg1422N 148deg3027W Anchorage Andash5 Bndash5

Columbia Glacier 61deg1311N 146deg5343W Valdez Andash8 Seward Dndash1

Columbus Glacier 60deg2423N 141deg0510W Bering Glacier Bndash1

Concordia Glacier 60deg4144N 148deg4333W Seward Cndash5

Cone Glacier 56deg1239N 159deg2921W Chignik Andash5

Contact Glacier 60deg2813N 148deg2632W Seward Bndash4

Contact Glacier 69deg1555N 143deg4212W Demarcation Point Bndash5

Copper Glacier 62deg0857N 143deg4613W Nabesna Andash6

Corbin Glacier 61deg0651N 145deg5820W Valdez Andash6 SE

Cordova Glacier 60deg4956N 145deg3606W Cordova Dndash5

Cotterell Glacier 60deg3643N 148deg3549W Seward Cndash5

Coxe Glacier 61deg0823N 148deg0309W Anchorage Andash3 Andash4

Crab Glacier 56deg1435N 159deg1759W Chignik Andash4 Bndash4

Crater Glacier 61deg1323N 152deg1350W Tyonek Andash6 Andash7 Bndash7

Crescent Glacier 60deg5947N 147deg5126W Seward Dndash3 Anchorage Andash3

Cross Creek Glacier 62deg0222N 142deg3827W Nabesna Andash4

Crow Glacier 61deg0256N 149deg0845W Anchorage Andash6

Cul-de-sac Glacier 62deg2731N 152deg4607W Talkeetna Bndash6 Cndash6

Cushing Glacier 59deg0605N 136deg3138W Skagway Andash4 Andash5



Dadina Glacier 62deg0228N 144deg1929W Gulkana Andash1

Dagelet Glacier 58deg3400N 137deg1200W Mount Fairweather Cndash4

Daisy Glacier 60deg1011N 141deg1414W Bering Glacier Andash1

Dall Glacier 62deg4127N 152deg0408W Talkeetna Cndash4 Cndash5

Dartmouth Glacier 61deg1011N 147deg3704W Anchorage Andash2

Davidson Glacier 59deg0454N 135deg2821W Skagway Andash2

Dawes Glacier 57deg2831N 132deg4212W Sumdum Bndash3

Deadman Glacier 60deg3901N 149deg0032W Seward Cndash6

Demorest Glacier 58deg4045N 134deg0451W Juneau Cndash1

Denver Glacier 59deg2508N 135deg0547W Skagway Bndash1

Deserted Glacier 60deg5932N 145deg3607W Cordova Dndash5 Valdez Andash5

Desolation Glacier 58deg4700N 137deg3201W Mount Fairweather Dndash5

Detached Glacier 61deg0423N 148deg2344W Anchorage Andash4

Dickinson Glacier 59deg1253N 135deg5609W Skagway Andash3

Dinglestadt Glacier 59deg4302N 150deg2626W Seldovia Cndash2

Dirt Glacier 58deg4937N 136deg0125W Mount Fairweather Dndash1

Dirty Glacier 60deg5717N 148deg2459W Seward Dndash4

Dixon Glacier 59deg4015N 150deg5310W Seldovia Cndash3

Dogshead Glacier 61deg2218N 152deg0142W Tyonek Bndash6

Doroshin Glacier 59deg2744N 151deg0617W Seldovia Bndash3 Bndash4

Double Glacier 60deg0424N 152deg5946W Kenai Andash8

Double Glacier 60deg4034N 152deg3950W Kenai Cndash8

Downer Glacier 61deg1626N 147deg3647W Anchorage Bndash2

Drop Glacier 62deg1917N 144deg0034W Gulkana Bndash1 Nabesna Bndash6

Dying Glacier 58deg4950N 136deg1510W Mount Fairweather Dndash1

Eagle Glacier 61deg0606N 149deg0002W Anchorage Andash6

Eagle Glacier 58deg3811N 134deg4035W Juneau Cndash3

Eaglek Glacier 60deg5616N 147deg4819W Seward Dndash3

East Alapah Glacier 68deg0823N 150deg4837W Chandler Lake Andash2

East Nunatak Glacier 59deg4529N 138deg4430W Yakutat Dndash2 Dndash3

East Twin Glacier 58deg3457N 133deg5308W Taku River Cndash6

Eberly Glacier 60deg0750N 142deg0316W Bering Glacier Andash3

Echo Glacier 58deg4450N 134deg2404W Juneau Cndash2 Dndash2

Eel Glacier 63deg2228N 145deg3152W Mount Hayes Bndash4

Eklutna Glacier 61deg1543N 148deg5900W Anchorage Bndash6

Eldridge Glacier 63deg0124N 150deg0726W Mount McKinley Andash1 Talkeetna Mountains Dndash6

Eliot Glacier 61deg2125N 147deg3803W Anchorage Bndash2

Ellsworth Glacier 60deg1340N 148deg5138W Seward Andash5 Andash6

Esetuk Glacier 69deg1754N 144deg1922W Mount Michelson Bndash1

Eureka Glacier 63deg2021N 146deg2132W Mount Hayes Bndash5

Ewe Glacier 61deg0233N 141deg1707W McCarthy Andash1

Excelsior Glacier 60deg0204N 148deg4531W Seward Andash5 Blying Sound Dndash5

Exit Glacier 60deg1100N 149deg3732W Seward Andash8

Explorer Glacier 60deg4641N 148deg5459W Seward Dndash6 SE

Fairweather Glacier 58deg5033N 137deg3854W Mount Fairweather Dndash5

Falling Glacier 60deg2904N 148deg3250W Seward Bndash5

Fan Glacier 60deg5029N 143deg4323W Bering Glacier Dndash8



Fassett Glacier 59deg1848N 138deg3220W Yakutat Bndash2

Fels Glacier 63deg2310N 145deg4000W Mount Hayes Bndash4

Ferebee Glacier 59deg3231N 135deg3649W Skagway Bndash2 Cndash2

Ferguson Glacier 56deg0130N 130deg1330W Bradfield Canal Andash1

Fickett Glacier 60deg3328N 145deg0026W Cordova Cndash3

Field Glacier 58deg5558N 134deg4705W Juneau Dndash2

Finger Glacier 56deg1225N 159deg1454W Chignik Andash4

Finger Glacier 58deg2952N 137deg0659W Mount Fairweather Bndash4

Fleischmann Glacier 62deg2113N 152deg5021W Talkeetna Bndash6

Flute Glacier 61deg0840N 149deg1705W Anchorage Andash7 NE

Fog Glacier 56deg1434N 159deg2704W Chignik Andash5 Bndash5

Foraker Glacier 63deg0800N 151deg3500W Mount McKinley Andash4

Fourpeaked Glacier 58deg4716N 153deg3103W Afognak Dndash5

Fourth Glacier 59deg3647N 139deg0749W Yakutat Cndash4 SE

Fraser Glacier 60deg4517N 141deg1333W Bering Glacier Dndash1

Frederika Glacier 61deg4425N 142deg1613W McCarthy Cndash4

Gakona Glacier 63deg1201N 145deg1113W Mount Hayes Andash3

Galiano Glacier 59deg5740N 139deg4317W Yakutat Dndash5

Gannett Glacier 61deg1716N 148deg1729W Anchorage Bndash4

Garrison Glacier 59deg0947N 135deg4131W Skagway Andash2

Gates Glacier 61deg3741N 142deg5905W McCarthy Cndash6

Geikie Glacier 58deg3548N 136deg3634W Mount Fairweather Cndash2

Gerstle Glacier 63deg2851N 145deg1922W Mount Hayes Bndash3 Cndash3

Giffin Glacier 61deg3350N 141deg2200W McCarthy Cndash1

Gilkey Glacier 58deg4842N 134deg2522W Juneau Dndash2 Dndash3

Gillam Glacier 63deg4157N 147deg0722W Healy Cndash1

Gilman Glacier 58deg4807N 137deg0213W Mount Fairweather Dndash4

Girdled Glacier 58deg5651N 135deg4351W Juneau Dndash6

Godwin Glacier 60deg0801N 149deg1019W Seward Andash6 Andash7

Goodwin Glacier 60deg3636N 144deg5539W Cordova Cndash3

Gooseneck Glacier 69deg1956N 143deg4653W Demarcation Point Bndash5

Gracey Creek Glacier 56deg1326N 130deg3414W Bradfield Canal Andash2 Bndash2

Grand Pacific Glacier 59deg0350N 137deg0330W Skagway Andash6 Andash7

Grand Plateau Glacier 59deg0235N 137deg5304W Skagway Andash8 Yakutat Andash1

Gray Glacier 56deg0035N 130deg0959W Bradfield Canal Andash1

Great Glacier 56deg5000N 131deg4700W Bradfield Canal Dndash6

Greenpoint Glacier 56deg0042N 130deg1656W Bradfield Canal Andash1

Grewingk Glacier 59deg3451N 150deg5701W Seldovia Cndash3

Griddlecake Glacier 60deg2649N 143deg2411W Bering Glacier Bndash7

Grinnell Glacier 60deg4309N 144deg4709W Cordova Cndash2 Cndash3

Guerin Glacier 61deg3536N 141deg0618W McCarthy Cndash1

Gulkana Glacier 63deg1607N 145deg2517W Mount Hayes Andash3 Bndash3

Guyot Glacier 60deg1033N 141deg3908W Bering Glacier Andash1 Andash2

Hades Highway 58deg3942N 133deg5554W Taku River Cndash6 Juneau Cndash1

Haenke Glacier 60deg0405N 139deg3851W Mount Saint Elias Andash5

Hallo Glacier 58deg2437N 154deg1429W Mount Katmai Bndash1

Hanging Glacier 59deg5111N 138deg5727W Yakutat Dndash3



Harper Glacier 63deg0522N 150deg5837W Mount McKinley Andash2

Harpoon Glacier 56deg1409N 159deg1327W Chignik Andash4

Harpoon Glacier 61deg2210N 152deg3356W Tyonek Bndash7 Bndash8

Harriman Glacier 60deg5628N 148deg3104W Seward Dndash4 Dndash5

Harvard Glacier 61deg2320N 147deg2611W Anchorage Bndash2 Cndash2

Hawkins Glacier 61deg1359N 141deg5337W McCarthy Andash3

Hayden Glacier 60deg0219N 140deg0131W Mount Saint Elias Andash6 Yakutat Dndash6

Hayes Glacier 61deg4631N 152deg1837W Tyonek Cndash7 Dndash6 Dndash7

Hayes Glacier 63deg4217N 146deg4145W Mount Hayes Cndash6

Heiden Glacier 61deg0252N 145deg3939W Valdez Andash5

Hendrickson Glacier 59deg4932N 139deg2509W Yakutat Dndash4

Heney Glacier 60deg5315N 144deg5336W Cordova Dndash2 Dndash3

Henry Glacier 59deg5142N 139deg2838W Yakutat Dndash4

Herbert Glacier 58deg3409N 134deg3630W Juneau Cndash2 Cndash3

Herron Glacier 63deg0318N 151deg3654W Mount McKinley Andash4

Hesselberg Glacier 60deg2130N 143deg2201W Bering Glacier Cndash7

Hidden Glacier 59deg4405N 139deg0655W Yakutat Cndash3 Dndash4

Hidden Glacier 56deg0145N 130deg0757W Bradfield Canal Andash1

Hitchcock Glacier 60deg0530N 140deg2254W Mount Saint Elias Andash7

Hogback Glacier 61deg0619N 145deg5653W Valdez Andash5 Andash6 SE

Hole-in-the-Wall Glacier 58deg2845N 133deg5935W Juneau Bndash1 Taku River Bndash6

Hole-in-the-Wall Glacier 61deg3930N 142deg1231W McCarthy Cndash4

Holgate Glacier 59deg5216N 149deg5507W Blying Sound Dndash8

Holyoke Glacier 61deg0940N 147deg5728W Anchorage Andash3

Hook Glacier 58deg2822N 154deg2636W Mount Katmai Bndash2 Cndash2

Hoonah Glacier 58deg5026N 137deg0323W Mount Fairweather Dndash4

Hubbard Glacier 60deg1850N 139deg2215W Mount Saint Elias Andash5 Bndash4

Hubley Glacier 69deg1713N 143deg4437W Demarcation Point Bndash5

Hugh Miller Glacier 58deg4429N 136deg4112W Mount Fairweather Cndash3 Dndash2

Hummel Glacier 56deg0135N 130deg1544W Bradfield Canal Andash1

Hunter Creek Glacier 61deg1952N 148deg4200W Anchorage Bndash5

Huscroft Glacier 58deg3700N 137deg2345W Mount Fairweather Cndash5

Icicle Glacier 61deg1218N 149deg0628W Anchorage Andash6

Indian Glacier 60deg0751N 150deg1529W Kenai Andash1

Irene Glacier 59deg3428N 135deg2449W Skagway Cndash1 SW Cndash2

Island Glacier 56deg1516N 159deg2343W Chignik Bndash5

Jacksina Glacier 62deg0521N 143deg2827W Nabesna Andash5

James Robert Glacier 69deg0800N 145deg0200W Mount Michelson Andash2

Jarvis Glacier 59deg2559N 136deg2659W Skagway Bndash4 NW

Jefferies Glacier 60deg3708N 141deg5055W Bering Glacier Cndash3 Cndash4

Jeffery Glacier 63deg0816N 151deg0433W Mount McKinley Andash3

John Glacier 58deg5117N 137deg1032W Mount Fairweather Dndash4

Johns Hopkins Glacier 58deg4824N 137deg1501W Mount Fairweather Dndash4

Johnson Glacier 61deg1425N 146deg2217W Valdez Andash7 NE

Johnson Glacier 63deg2330N 145deg0249W Mount Hayes Bndash2 Bndash3

Johnson Glacier 60deg0613N 153deg0154W Lake Clark Andash1 Kenai Andash8

Johnson Glacier 60deg3047N 144deg2831W Cordova Cndash2



Jones Glacier 58deg5545N 137deg0850W Mount Fairweather Dndash4

Kachemak Glacier 59deg4242N 150deg3456W Seldovia Cndash2

Kadachan Glacier 58deg5333N 137deg0628W Mount Fairweather Dndash4

Kahiltna Glacier 62deg4557N 151deg1812W Talkeetna Bndash3 Dndash3

Kanikula Glacier 62deg4439N 151deg0111W Talkeetna Cndash2 Cndash3

Kashoto Glacier 58deg5131N 137deg0022W Mount Fairweather Dndash4

Kennicott Glacier 61deg3601N 143deg0411W McCarthy Cndash6

Keystone Glacier 61deg0715N 145deg5615W Valdez Andash6 SE

Krsquoidazqrsquoeni Glacier 61deg1400N 152deg1000W Tyonek Andash6

Killey Glacier 60deg0857N 150deg0932W Kenai Andash1

Kimball Glacier 63deg1620N 144deg3715W Mount Hayes Bndash2

Kings Glacier 60deg2606N 148deg3617W Seward Bndash5

Klooch Glacier 58deg3505N 137deg2115W Mount Fairweather Cndash5

Klutina Glacier 61deg2208N 146deg1253W Valdez Bndash6

Klutlan Glacier 61deg2703N 141deg1045W McCarthy Bndash1

Kluvesna Glacier 61deg4928N 143deg4855W McCarthy Dndash8

Knife Creek Glaciers The 58deg1616N 155deg0226W Mount Katmai Bndash4

Knik Glacier 61deg2203N 148deg1755W Anchorage Bndash4 Bndash5

Konamoxt Glacier 59deg2300N 137deg3800W Skagway Bndash8

Koniag Glacier 57deg2231N 153deg1830W Kodiak Bndash4

Krisha Glacier 59deg1230N 135deg4930W Skagway Andash3

Kulavok Glacier 69deg1200N 144deg5231W Mount Michelson Andash2

Kuleska Glacier 60deg2225N 142deg3155W Bering Glacier Bndash5

Kushtaka Glacier 60deg2559N 144deg0517W Cordova Bndash1

Kuskulana Glacier 61deg3831N 143deg3603W McCarthy Cndash7 Cndash8

La Perouse Glacier 58deg3228N 137deg1327W Mount Fairweather Cndash4 Dndash4

LaGorce Glacier 60deg4415N 144deg2749W Cordova Cndash2

Lacuna Glacier 62deg4428N 151deg3216W Talkeetna Cndash4

Lafayette Glacier 61deg0147N 147deg4717W Anchorage Andash3

Lake George Glacier 61deg0330N 148deg3957W Anchorage Andash5

Lakina Glacier 61deg3529N 143deg1836W McCarthy Cndash7

Lamb Glacier 61deg0342N 141deg1730W McCarthy Andash1

Lamplugh Glacier 58deg4956N 136deg5343W Mount Fairweather Dndash3

Langdon Glacier 60deg2455N 148deg3801W Seward Bndash5

Lare Glacier 60deg0246N 141deg4827W Bering Glacier Andash3

Lateral Glacier 60deg0337N 152deg5647W Kenai Andash8

Latouche Glacier 59deg5207N 139deg3545W Yakutat Dndash5

Laughton Glacier 59deg3121N 135deg0605W Skagway Cndash1 SE

Lawrence Glacier 60deg3943N 148deg3650W Seward Cndash5

Leaking Glacier 58deg2620N 134deg2530W Juneau Bndash2

Learnard Glacier 60deg4823N 148deg4316W Seward Dndash5 SW

Le Blondeau Glacier 59deg1635N 136deg1330W Skagway Bndash4

Lechner Glacier 59deg5615N 149deg3724W Blying Sound Dndash7 Dndash8

LeConte Glacier 56deg5646N 132deg1946W Petersburg Dndash1 Dndash2

Leeper Glacier 60deg1533N 142deg1758W Bering Glacier Andash4 Bndash4

Leffingwell Glacier 69deg1800N 144deg0800W Mount Michelson Bndash1

Lemon Creek Glacier 58deg2324N 134deg2056W Juneau Bndash2



Libbey Glacier 60deg1031N 140deg5654W Mount Saint Elias Andash8

Lime Glacier 61deg5148N 142deg0444W McCarthy Dndash3

Little Jarvis Glacier 59deg2425N 136deg2509W Skagway Bndash4 NW

Lituya Glacier 58deg4407N 137deg2641W Mount Fairweather Cndash5

Logan Glacier 60deg5322N 141deg1143W Bering Glacier Dndash1 Dndash2

Long Glacier 61deg4734N 144deg0356W Valdez Cndash1 Dndash1

Lookout Glacier 58deg3600N 137deg2100W Mount Fairweather Cndash5

Loomis Glacier 58deg5630N 136deg2530W Mount Fairweather Dndash2

Lowell Glacier 60deg5014N 148deg4126W Seward Dndash5 SE SW

Lowell Glacier 61deg1813N 147deg3400W Anchorage Bndash2

Lowell Glacier 60deg1303N 149deg4544W Seward Andash8

Lucia Glacier 59deg5938N 139deg5442W Yakutat Dndash6

Maclaren Glacier 63deg1857N 146deg3111W Mount Hayes Bndash6

Malaspina Glacier 59deg5853N 140deg4306W Yakutat Cndash8 Dndash8

Marcus Baker Glacier 61deg2638N 147deg5951W Anchorage Bndash3 Bndash4

Margerie Glacier 58deg5804N 137deg1033W Mount Fairweather Dndash4 Skagway Andash6

Marquette Glacier 60deg3843N 148deg3844W Seward Cndash5

Marshall Glacier 61deg0445N 145deg3130W Valdez Andash5

Martin Glacier 59deg1730N 138deg2759W Yakutat Bndash2

Martin River Glacier 60deg3405N 143deg5209W Bering Glacier Cndash8 Cordova Bndash1

Marvine Glacier 60deg0605N 140deg0857W Mount Saint Elias Andash6

Matanuska Glacier 61deg3921N 147deg3452W Anchorage Cndash2 Dndash3

Matthes Glacier 58deg4450N 134deg1156W Juneau Cndash1

Maynard Glacier 58deg4123N 136deg3600W Mount Fairweather Cndash2

McArthur Glacier 61deg0601N 152deg2531W Tyonek Andash7

McBride Glacier 59deg0546N 136deg0249W Skagway Andash3 Andash4

McCall Glacier 69deg1813N 143deg5044W Demarcation Point Bndash5

McCallum Glacier 63deg1750N 145deg3607W Mount Hayes Bndash4

McCarthy Creek Glacier 61deg3711N 142deg4841W McCarthy Cndash5

McCarty Glacier 59deg4612N 150deg1315W Seldovia Cndash1 Dndash1

McCarty Glacier 59deg5217N 139deg2423W Yakutat Dndash4

McCune Glacier 60deg5256N 144deg4941W Cordova Dndash3

McGinnis Glacier 63deg3508N 146deg0736W Mount Hayes Cndash5

McPherson Glacier 60deg3301N 144deg3537W Cordova Cndash2

Meade Glacier 59deg1148N 134deg4512W Atlin Andash8 Skagway Andash1

Meares Glacier 61deg1423N 147deg2503W Anchorage Andash2

Mendenhall Glacier 58deg2945N 134deg3156W Juneau Bndash2 NW

Metal Creek Glacier 61deg3901N 148deg1948W Anchorage Cndash4

Middle Fork Glacier 61deg4749N 142deg0717W McCarthy Dndash3

Miles Glacier 60deg3717N 144deg0708W Cordova Cndash1 Cndash2

Milk Glacier 61deg0253N 149deg0457W Anchorage Andash6

Miller Glacier 59deg3221N 138deg5927W Yakutat Cndash3

Miller Glacier 60deg0428N 139deg3428W Mount Saint Elias Andash5

Milton Glacier 60deg4100N 148deg4400W Seward Cndash5

Mineral Creek Glacier 61deg1641N 146deg1825W Valdez Bndash7

Mint Glacier 61deg5216N 149deg0341W Anchorage Dndash6

Morse Glacier 59deg1016N 136deg3054W Skagway Andash5



Morse Glacier 58deg5219N 136deg1632W Mount Fairweather Dndash1

Moser Glacier 59deg3437N 139deg0221W Yakutat Cndash3

Mother Goose Glacier 60deg2034N 149deg1211W Seward Bndash6

Muir Glacier 59deg0442N 136deg2138W Skagway Andash4 Mount Fairweather Dndash1

Muldrow Glacier 63deg1538N 150deg2614W Mount McKinley Bndash1 Bndash2

Muth Glacier 61deg0649N 147deg4014W Anchorage Andash1 Andash2

Nabesna Glacier 61deg5600N 143deg0526W McCarthy Dndash6

Nadina Glacier 62deg0256N 144deg4334W Gulkana Andash2

Natazhat Glacier 61deg3148N 141deg0123W McCarthy Cndash1

Nelchina Glacier 61deg3743N 146deg5437W Valdez Cndash8 Anchorage Cndash1

Nellie Juan Glacier 60deg2720N 148deg2233W Seward Bndash4

Nelson Glacier 56deg2940N 132deg0052W Petersburg Bndash1 Bradfield Canal Bndash6

Nenana Glacier 63deg3123N 147deg4013W Healy Bndash2 Cndash2

Netland Glacier 59deg2500N 137deg5300W Skagway Bndash8

Nikonda Glacier 62deg0318N 142deg4420W Nabesna Andash4

Nizina Glacier 61deg3752N 142deg2703W McCarthy Cndash4

Norris Glacier 58deg2620N 134deg1103W Juneau Bndash1

North Baird Glacier 57deg1321N 132deg4455W Sumdum Andash3

North Crillon Glacier 58deg3918N 137deg1953W Mount Fairweather Cndash4 Cndash5

North Dawes Glacier 57deg3707N 132deg5702W Sumdum Cndash3 Cndash4

North Twin Glacier 61deg2930N 152deg3627W Tyonek Bndash7 Bndash8

Northland Glacier 60deg4017N 148deg4335W Seward Cndash5

Northwestern Glacier 59deg4931N 150deg0318W Seldovia Dndash1

Novatak Glacier 59deg2837N 138deg2847W Yakutat Bndash1 Bndash2

Nugget Creek Glacier 58deg2549N 134deg2328W Juneau Bndash2

Nuka Glacier 59deg3856N 150deg4546W Seldovia Cndash3 NE

Oasis Glacier 57deg1440N 132deg3704W Sumdum Andash2

Ogive Glacier 59deg0307N 134deg4754W Atlin Andash8

Okpilak Glacier 69deg0946N 144deg1142W Mount Michelson Andash1

Orange Glacier 59deg5742N 139deg1437W Yakutat Dndash4

Organ Glacier 61deg0835N 149deg1539W Anchorage Andash7 NE

Outlet Glacier 56deg1545N 159deg2046W Chignik Bndash5

Ovtsyn Glacier 60deg2730N 142deg5330W Bering Glacier Bndash6

Pangnik Glacier 69deg1130N 144deg5100W Mount Michelson Andash2

Patterson Glacier 57deg0035N 132deg3314W Sumdum Andash2 Petersburg Dndash3

Patton Glacier 58deg5400N 136deg1800W Mount Fairweather Dndash1

Pedersen Glacier 59deg5334N 149deg4650W Blying Sound Dndash8

Pedro Glacier 61deg0743N 147deg2125W Anchorage Andash1 Andash2

Pegmatite Glacier 63deg1555N 145deg2321W Mount Hayes Bndash3

Penniman Glaciers 61deg0534N 148deg2031W Anchorage Andash4

Peters Glacier 63deg1052N 151deg0009W Mount McKinley Andash3 Bndash2

Peters Glacier 69deg1651N 144deg5723W Mount Michelson Bndash2

Petrof Glacier 59deg2716N 150deg4951W Seldovia Bndash3

Pigot Glacier 60deg5406N 148deg3016W Seward Dndash4 Dndash5

Pinnacle Glacier 60deg0832N 140deg1911W Mount Saint Elias Andash7

Plateau Glacier 58deg5832N 136deg2217W Mount Fairweather Dndash1 Dndash2

Polychrome Glacier 63deg2724N 149deg5046W Healy Bndash6



Popof Glacier 56deg4447N 132deg1548W Petersburg Cndash1

Porcupine Glacier 60deg0005N 149deg1608W Seward Andash7 SE

Portage Glacier 60deg4511N 148deg4708W Seward Dndash5 SW

Portlock Glacier 59deg3809N 150deg5630W Seldovia Cndash3 NW

Pothole Glacier 61deg1829N 152deg2648W Tyonek Bndash7

Princeton Glacier 60deg1932N 148deg2322W Seward Bndash4

Prospect Glacier 60deg0144N 149deg1514W Seward Andash7

Ptarmigan Glacier 58deg2228N 134deg2217W Juneau Bndash2 SE

Puget Glacier 60deg0420N 148deg3441W Seward Andash5

Quintino Sella Glacier 60deg3239N 141deg0115W Bering Glacier Bndash1 Cndash1

Radcliffe Glacier 61deg1921N 147deg4335W Anchorage Bndash2

Rainbow Glacier 59deg0652N 135deg2955W Skagway Andash2

Rainy Glacier 60deg3828N 148deg3254W Seward Cndash5

Ram Glacier 61deg0516N 141deg2136W McCarthy Andash1 Andash2

Ranney Glacier 61deg1104N 147deg3346W Anchorage Andash2

Rasmuson Glacier 59deg4700N 139deg2300W Yakutat Cndash4 Dndash4

Raven Glacier 61deg0352N 149deg0514W Anchorage Andash6

Red Glacier 55deg5728N 130deg1006W Ketchikan Dndash1

Red Glacier 60deg0028N 152deg5555W Kenai Andash8 Seldovia Dndash8

Regal Glacier 61deg4221N 142deg3547W McCarthy Cndash4 Cndash5

Reid Glacier 58deg4627N 136deg4823W Mount Fairweather Dndash3

Rendu Glacier 59deg0529N 136deg5052W Skagway Andash5

Revelation Glacier 61deg4521N 154deg0921W Lime Hills Dndash4

Rex Glacier 61deg1749N 142deg2549W McCarthy Bndash4

Riggs Glacier 59deg1008N 136deg1437W Skagway Andash4

Riley Creek Glacier 63deg3257N 145deg3450W Mount Hayes Cndash4

Ripon Glacier 60deg4051N 148deg3546W Seward Cndash5

Roaring Glacier 60deg5947N 148deg2730W Seward Dndash4 Anchorage Andash4

Robertson Glacier 63deg1534N 144deg2904W Mount Hayes Bndash1

Rodman Glacier 59deg2027N 138deg4147W Yakutat Bndash2

Rohn Glacier 61deg4514N 142deg2927W McCarthy Dndash4

Romer Glacier 58deg5909N 136deg4432W Mount Fairweather Dndash3

Root Glacier 61deg3436N 142deg5407W McCarthy Cndash6

Roscoe Glacier 59deg5800N 153deg2500W Iliamna Dndash2

Rubin Glacier 61deg0747N 146deg0229W Valdez Andash6 SW

Russell Glacier 61deg3652N 141deg5326W McCarthy Cndash3

Ruth Glacier 62deg4555N 150deg3742W Talkeetna Cndash1 NW Dndash2

Saddlebag Glacier 60deg3142N 145deg0453W Cordova Bndash3 Cndash3

Saksaia Glacier 59deg2223N 136deg2334W Skagway Bndash4 NW

Sanford Glacier 62deg0830N 144deg2730W Gulkana Andash1

Sarokin Glacier 60deg2831N 142deg2347W Bering Glacier Bndash4

Saussure Glacier 59deg3918N 135deg1949W Skagway Cndash1 NW

Sawyer Glacier 57deg5720N 133deg0524W Sumdum Dndash4

Schubee Glacier 59deg2057N 135deg1743W Skagway Bndash1 SW

Schwan Glacier 60deg5828N 145deg0807W Cordova Dndash4 Valdez Andash3

Schwanda Glacier 69deg1537N 143deg4544W Demarcation Point Andash5 Bndash5

Scidmore Glacier 58deg4819N 136deg4346W Mount Fairweather Dndash3



Scott Glacier 60deg4146N 145deg1037W Cordova Cndash4 SW

Sea Otter Glacier 58deg5521N 137deg4207W Mount Fairweather Dndash6

Seefar Glacier 68deg3340N 147deg1630W Philip Smith Mountains Cndash1

Serpent Tongue Glacier 58deg2209N 154deg3812W Mount Katmai Bndash2

Serpentine Glacier 61deg0712N 148deg1615W Anchorage Andash4

Seth Glacier 60deg5217N 148deg3211W Seward Dndash5 SE

Seward Glacier 60deg1231N 140deg2248W Mount Saint Elias Andash7

Shadows Glacier 62deg2757N 152deg4208W Talkeetna Bndash6 Cndash6

Shakes Glacier 56deg4851N 132deg1023W Petersburg Dndash1

Shakespeare Glacier 60deg4504N 148deg4324W Seward Dndash5 SW

Shamrock Glacier 61deg0854N 152deg4716W Tyonek Andash8

Sheep Glacier 62deg1955N 144deg1337W Gulkana Bndash1

Shelf Glacier 62deg2733N 152deg4358W Talkeetna Bndash6

Shelter Valley Glacier 61deg4743N 142deg2907W McCarthy Dndash4 Dndash5

Shephard Glacier 60deg4100N 145deg2100W Cordova Cndash4

Sheridan Glacier 60deg3732N 145deg0917W Cordova Cndash4 SW

Sherman Glacier 60deg3328N 145deg0658W Cordova Cndash3 Cndash4

Shiels Glacier 60deg5218N 144deg4650W Cordova Dndash2 Dndash3

Shoup Glacier 61deg1223N 146deg3327W Valdez Andash7

Silver Glacier 60deg5334N 146deg2424W Cordova Dndash7

Skee Glacier 59deg5934N 149deg4204W Blying Sound Dndash8

Skilak Glacier 60deg1406N 150deg0443W Kenai Andash1 Bndash1

Skookum Glacier 60deg4347N 148deg5344W Seward Cndash6

Slide Glacier 60deg3104N 144deg1851W Cordova Bndash1 Cndash1

Slim Glacier 56deg1110N 159deg1508W Chignik Andash4

Slope Glacier 60deg2806N 143deg5121W Bering Glacier Bndash8

Smith Glacier 61deg1626N 147deg4649W Anchorage Andash1 Bndash3

Soule Glacier 55deg5308N 130deg1505W Ketchikan Dndash1

South Crillon Glacier 58deg3753N 137deg1934W Mount Fairweather Cndash4 Cndash5

South Glacier 59deg2822N 135deg0352W Skagway Bndash1

South Sawyer Glacier 57deg4051N 132deg4902W Sumdum Cndash3 Dndash3 Dndash4

South Twin Glacier 61deg2601N 152deg3952W Tyonek Bndash8

Southern Glacier 59deg2323N 151deg0627W Seldovia Bndash3 Bndash4

Speel Glacier 58deg1922N 133deg2719W Taku River Bndash5

Spencer Glacier 60deg3800N 148deg5410W Seward Cndash6

Split Glacier 69deg1500N 144deg0700W Mount Michelson Andash1

Split Glacier 59deg3928N 150deg2803W Seldovia Cndash2

Spoon Glacier 60deg0115N 149deg1605W Seward Andash7 SE

Spotted Glacier 58deg5536N 153deg2858W Afognak Dndash5

Spur Glacier 63deg2710N 145deg0953W Mount Hayes Bndash3

Stairway Glacier 61deg0437N 148deg2915W Anchorage Andash4

Steller Glacier 60deg2808N 143deg3323W Bering Glacier Bndash7 Bndash8

Stephens Glacier 61deg2526N 146deg2147W Valdez Bndash6 Bndash7

Stoney Glacier 61deg5531N 152deg5319W Tyonek Dndash8

Stony Glacier 61deg3635N 153deg4819W Lime Hills Cndash3

Straightaway Glacier 63deg0646N 151deg1955W Mount McKinley Andash3 Andash4

Sumdum Glacier 57deg4705N 133deg2704W Sumdum Dndash5



Summit Glacier 56deg4739N 132deg1618W Petersburg Dndash1

Sunrise Glacier 63deg2225N 150deg1040W Mount McKinley Bndash1

Sunset Glacier 63deg2006N 150deg1304W Mount McKinley Bndash1

Surprise Glacier 62deg4155N 152deg1827W Talkeetna Cndash5

Surprise Glacier 61deg0054N 148deg3123W Anchorage Andash5

Susitna Glacier 63deg3038N 147deg0128W Healy Bndash1 Cndash1

Takhin Glacier 59deg1356N 136deg0902W Skagway Andash4 Bndash4

Taku Glacier 58deg3543N 134deg1047W Juneau Bndash1 Cndash1

Talkeetna Glacier 62deg0812N 148deg3137W Talkeetna Mountains Andash3 Andash4

Tana Glacier 60deg4353N 142deg4351W Bering Glacier Cndash5

Tanaina Glacier 60deg4830N 152deg4400W Kenai Dndash8

Tasnuna Glacier 60deg5921N 145deg3133W Cordova Dndash5 Valdez Andash4

Tatina Glacier 62deg2703N 152deg4844W Talkeetna Bndash6

Taylor Glacier 60deg3436N 148deg3742W Seward Cndash5

Tazlina Glacier 61deg2851N 146deg3541W Valdez Bndash7 Cndash7

Tebenkof Glacier 60deg4101N 148deg3118W Seward Cndash4 Cndash5

Texas Glacier 56deg0523N 130deg1025W Bradfield Canal Andash1

Thiel Glacier 58deg4301N 134deg3948W Juneau Cndash2

Through Glacier 55deg5904N 130deg2202W Ketchikan Dndash2 Bradfield Canal Andash1

Thumb Glacier 55deg5913N 130deg1300W Ketchikan Dndash1

Tiger Glacier 60deg1018N 148deg3314W Seward Andash4 Andash5

Tigertail Glacier 60deg1319N 148deg2624W Seward Andash4 Bndash4

Tired Pup Glacier 61deg2924N 153deg5616W Lime Hills Bndash3

Tittmann Glacier 61deg0807N 141deg0709W McCarthy Andash1

Toboggan Glacier 61deg0118N 148deg1637W Anchorage Andash4

Tok Glacier 63deg0813N 144deg1230W Mount Hayes Andash1

Tokositna Glacier 62deg5007N 150deg5136W Talkeetna Cndash2 Dndash2

Tommy Glacier 60deg5913N 147deg5249W Seward Dndash3

Tongue Glacier 60deg0405N 153deg1621W Lake Clark Andash1

Tonsina Glacier 61deg1850N 145deg4850W Valdez Bndash5

Topeka Glacier 58deg5605N 137deg0502W Mount Fairweather Dndash4

Toyatte Glacier 58deg5429N 137deg0618W Mount Fairweather Dndash4

Trail Glacier 60deg3333N 148deg5739W Seward Cndash6

Traleika Glacier 63deg0930N 150deg4626W Mount McKinley Andash2

Trident Glacier 63deg4222N 146deg2413W Mount Hayes Cndash5 Dndash5

Trimble Glacier 61deg4332N 152deg0408W Tyonek Cndash6

Triumvirate Glacier 61deg2801N 152deg0009W Tyonek Bndash5 Bndash6

Truuli Glacier 59deg5755N 150deg3020W Seldovia Dndash2

Tsina Glacier 61deg1530N 145deg5149W Valdez Bndash5

Tsirku Glacier 59deg1815N 136deg2728W Skagway Bndash4

Turner Glacier 60deg0248N 139deg4217W Mount Saint Elias Andash3 Andash5

Tustumena Glacier 59deg5947N 150deg2134W Seldovia Dndash1 Kenai Andash2

Tuxedni Glacier 60deg0942N 153deg0529W Lake Clark Andash1 Bndash1

Twaharpies Glacier 61deg2257N 142deg1203W McCarthy Bndash4

Twentymile Glacier 60deg5710N 148deg3855W Seward Dndash5

Twentyseven Mile Glacier 61deg0909N 145deg4654W Valdez Andash5

Twin Glacier 58deg5347N 136deg2510W Mount Fairweather Dndash2



Tyeen Glacier 58deg5203N 137deg1045W Mount Fairweather Dndash4

Tyndall Glacier 60deg0852N 141deg0850W Bering Glacier Andash1

Ultramarine Glacier 60deg2418N 148deg1944W Seward Bndash4

Umbrella Glacier 59deg5945N 153deg1010W Iliamna Dndash1

Unknown Glacier 58deg4347N 133deg5656W Taku River Cndash6

Valdez Glacier 61deg1724N 146deg1228W Valdez Andash6 Bndash6

Valerie Glacier 60deg0838N 139deg3514W Mount Saint Elias Andash4 Andash5

Van Cleve Glacier 60deg4200N 144deg1700W Cordova Cndash1

Variegated Glacier 59deg5954N 139deg1954W Yakutat Dndash4

Vassar Glacier 61deg1255N 147deg5156W Anchorage Andash3

Vaughan Lewis Glacier 58deg4945N 134deg1506W Juneau Dndash1

Villard Glacier 59deg1730N 135deg1530W Skagway Bndash1 SW

Walsh Glacier 60deg5521N 141deg0645W Bering Glacier Dndash1

Watson Glacier 60deg1121N 142deg1159W Bering Glacier Andash4

Waxell Glacier 60deg3605N 143deg0005W Bering Glacier Cndash6

Wedge Glacier 60deg5739N 148deg2323W Seward Dndash4

Wellesley Glacier 61deg1155N 147deg5512W Anchorage Andash3

Wernicke Glacier 60deg4552N 143deg5350W Bering Glacier Dndash8 Cordova Dndash1

West Alapah Glacier 68deg0836N 150deg5145W Chandler Lake Andash2

West Fork Glacier 61deg3906N 142deg4235W McCarthy Cndash5

West Fork Glacier 63deg1700N 150deg0548W Mount McKinley Bndash1 Healy Bndash6

West Fork Glacier 63deg3059N 147deg2118W Healy Bndash2 Cndash1

West Glacier 62deg1529N 143deg5650W Nabesna Bndash6 Gulkana Andash1

West Gulkana Glacier 63deg1625N 145deg3020W Mount Hayes Bndash3 Bndash4

West Nunatak Glacier 59deg4118N 138deg4851W Yakutat Cndash3 Dndash3

West Twin Glacier 58deg3445N 133deg5718W Taku River Cndash6

Westbrook Glacier 61deg0710N 146deg4101W Valdez Andash8

Whiskey Hill Glacier 61deg4913N 142deg3516W McCarthy Dndash5

White Glacier 58deg4804N 135deg5603W Juneau Dndash6

White River Glacier 60deg0418N 142deg0204W Bering Glacier Andash3

Whiteout Glacier 61deg1035N 148deg4906W Anchorage Andash5

Whittier Glacier 60deg4515N 148deg4100W Seward Cndash5 Dndash5 SE

Willard Glacier 59deg1234N 135deg5156W Skagway Andash3

Williams Glacier 61deg0337N 147deg4549W Anchorage Andash3

Windy Glacier 68deg3353N 147deg2427W Philip Smith Mountains Cndash1

Witches Cauldron 57deg0646N 132deg2909W Sumdum Andash2

Wolverine Glacier 60deg2442N 148deg5504W Seward Bndash6

Woodworth Glacier 60deg5822N 145deg2419W Cordova Dndash4 Valdez Andash4

Worthington Glacier 61deg1013N 145deg4548W Valdez Andash5

Wortmanns Glacier 61deg0130N 145deg4455W Cordova Dndash5 Valdez Andash5

Wosnesenski Glacier 59deg2857N 150deg5600W Seldovia Bndash3 Cndash3 SW

Wright Glacier 58deg2812N 133deg3120W Taku River Bndash5

Yaga Glacier 60deg1030N 142deg0053W Bering Glacier Andash3

Yahtse Glacier 60deg1820N 141deg4337W Bering Glacier Andash2 Bndash2

Yakataga Glacier 60deg0845N 142deg0906W Bering Glacier Andash4

Yakutat Glacier 59deg3135N 138deg4833W Yakutat Bndash3 Cndash3

Yale Glacier 61deg1716N 147deg2840W Anchorage Andash2 Bndash2



Yalik Glacier 59deg3123N 150deg4515W Seldovia Bndash2 Cndash3

Yanert Glacier 63deg3610N 147deg3730W Healy Cndash2

Yentna Glacier 62deg4307N 151deg4057W Talkeetna Cndash4

Yushin Glacier 60deg2605N 143deg1305W Bering Glacier Bndash6

Named Alaskan icefields

Bagley Ice Field4Icefield 60deg3300N 142deg3000W Bering Glacier 1250000

Juneau Icefield 58deg3700N 134deg3000W Juneau Cndash2

Harding IcefieldIce Field 60deg0105N 149deg5910W Seward Andash8 Seldovia Dndash1

Sargent IcefieldIce Field 60deg1748N 148deg3509W Seward Andash5 Bndash4 Bndash5

Stikine Icefield 57deg4000N 132deg4500W Petersburg Cndash1 Dndash1 Dndash2 Sumdum Andash1 Andash2 Andash3 Bndash2 Bndash3 Cndash2 Cndash3 Cndash4 Dndash3 Dndash4 Dndash5 Taku River Andash4 Andash5

Named branches of Alaskan glaciers

Dead Branch Norris Glacier 58deg2405N 134deg1318W Juneau Bndash1

Death Valley Branch Norris Glacier

58deg2900N 134deg1500W Juneau Bndash1

Middle Branch Norris Glacier 58deg2800N 134deg1500W Juneau Bndash1

North Branch Norris Glacier 58deg3116N 134deg1341W Juneau B Cndash1

North Branch Trimble Glacier 61deg4141N 152deg1422W Tyokek Cndash6

South Branch Trimble Glacier 61deg3903N 152deg0854W Tyokek Cndash6

Southwest Branch Taku Glacier 58deg3305N 134deg1719W Juneau Cndash1

West Branch Eklutna Glacier 61deg1305N 149deg0050W Anchorage Andash6 Bndash6

West Branch Taku Glacier 58deg3952N 134deg3149W Juneau Cndash2

Named forks of Alaskan glaciers

East Fork Kahiltna Glacier 63deg0018N 151deg0445W Mount McKinley Andash3 Talkeetna Dndash3

North Fork Ruth Glacier 63deg0257N 150deg4057W Mount McKinley Andash2

Northeast Fork Kahiltna Glacier 63deg0239N 151deg0620W Mount McKinley Andash3

Northwest Fork Ruth Glacier 63deg0201N 150deg5154W Mount McKinley Andash2

Southeast Fork Kahiltna Glacier 62deg5804N 151deg0716W Talkeetna Dndash3

West Fork Ruth Glacier 62deg5930N 150deg4930W Talkeetna Dndash2

West Fork Traleika Glacier 63deg0654N 150deg5104W Mount McKinley Andash2

Named lobes of Alaskan glaciers

Bering Lobe 60deg1000N 143deg2300W Bering Glacier Andash6 Andash7 Andash8 Bndash6 Bndash7

Big River Lobe Double Glacier 60deg4118N 152deg2546W Kenai Cndash7

Drift River Lobe Double Glacier 60deg3944N 152deg3041W Kenai Cndash7

Kaliakh Lobe Bering Glacier 60deg1810N 143deg1010W Bering Glacier Bndash6

Middle Fork Lobe Bremner Glacier

60deg5140N 143deg2643W Bering Glacier Dndash7

North Fork Lobe Bremner Glacier

60deg5449N 143deg2343W Bering Glacier D-7

Steller Lobe 60deg2100N 143deg4500W Bering Glacier Bndash7 Bndash8

Tana Lobe Bremner Glacier 60deg5417N 143deg1253W Bering Glacier Dndash6

1 The Geographic Features Names Database is available at httpgeonamesusgsgov2 The Alaska Dictionary Database can be found in Orth (1967)3 The map names refer to the 1250000-scale USGS map series of Alaska Each 1250000-scale map is subdivided into four east-west strips lettered A B C and D

south to north Each letter strip is subdivided into 1 2 3 4 from east to west The alphanumeric map designations are part of the 163360-scale USGS map series The NE SW SE or SW following some map names identifies a 124000- or 125000-scale map

4 At the request of Austin Post (USGS) the Bagley Ice Valley was added as an approved name by the BGN in 1997 Post defines the Bagley Ice Valley as the central part of the Bagley Ice Field the Bagley Ice Field extends from the head of Steller Glacier on the west to the head of Columbus Glacier on the east In DeLorme Mapping (2001 p 76ndash77) and on the USGS Bering Glacier 1250000-scale map only the Bagley Ice Field is shown Ice Field and Icefield are BGN-approved variant names


Appendix D

Chronological list of pre-20th century Alaska explorers cartographers historians naturalists and expeditions

[Compiled from the following sources Baker (1902 1906) Davidson (1901 1904) Henry (1984) Hulley (1953) Molnia and Post (1995) Orth (1967) and Sherwood (1965)]

Name Country Date(s) of activities

Vitus Jonassen Bering Russia 1741

Alexi Ilich Chirikov Russia 1741ndash42

Sofron Khitrov Russia 1741ndash42

Georg Wilhelm Steller Russia 1741ndash42

Sven Waxell Russia 1741ndash42

Emilian Bassov Russia 1745ndash47

Captain Rybinski Russia 1748

Nikisor Trapesnikov Russia 1749ndash61

Ivan Nikisorov Russia 1757

Simon Krasilnikov Russia 1758ndash61

Captain Pushkarev Russia 1760ndash62

Captain Lazerov Russia 1761

Captain Korovin Russia 1762ndash66

Stephen Glotov Russia 1763ndash66

Ivan Maximovich Soloviov Russia 1764ndash69

Lieutenant Synd Russia 1767ndash68

Peter Kuzmich Krenitzin Russia 1768ndash70

Mikhail Dmitrievich Levashov Russia 1768ndash70

Stephen Zaikov Russia 1772ndash83

Juan F de la Bodega y Quadra Spain 1775ndash79

Antonio Maria Bucareli Spain 1775ndash79

Francisco Antonio Maurelle Spain 1775ndash79

William Bligh England 1778

James Cook England 1778

Charles Clerke England 1778

Captain Nagaiev Russia 1781

Grigorii Ivanovich Shelikhov Russia 1783ndash91

Don Ignacio Arteaga Spain 1779

William Coxe England and Russia 1780

Jean F de Galaup de La Peacuterouse France 1786

Lieutenant de fregate Blondela France 1786

Gaspard Duche de Vancy France 1786

John Mears England 1786ndash89

Nathaniel Portlock England 1786ndash87

Gerassim Gavrilovich Pribilov Russia 1786

William Douglas England 1788ndash89

Gonzalo Haro Spain 1788

Estevan Martinez Spain 1788

Joseph Billings Russia 1789ndash92

Gavrila Andreevich Sarichev Russia 1790ndash92

Martin Sauer Russia 1790ndash92



Luka Alekseevich Voronin Russia 1790ndash92

Alessandro Malaspina Spain 1791

Antonio Pineda Spain 1791

Don Jacinto Caamano Spain 1792

William R Broughton England 1793ndash94

Thomas Heddington England 1793ndash94

George Vancouver England 1793ndash94

James Whidbey England 1793ndash94

Gavril Ivanovitch Davidov Russia 1803

Nikolai Alexanderovitch Khwostov Russia 1803

Adam Johann von Krusenstern Russia 1804ndash05

Georg Heinrich Langsdor Russia 1804ndash05

Yuri Theodorovich Lisianski Russia 1804ndash05

Ivan Filippovich Vasiliev Russia 1808ndash09

Glieb Semenovich Shishmarev Russia 1816ndash21

Otto von Kotzebue Russia 1816ndash17

Adolph Karlovich Etolin Russia 1818ndash22

Peter Ivanovitch Ilin Russia 1818ndash42

Mikhail Nikolaievich Vasiliev Russia 1819ndash21

Ioann Veniaminov Russia 1824ndash42

Sir John Franklin England 1826

Feodor Petrovich Litke Russia 1827ndash28

Mikhail Nikolaievich Staniukovich Russia 1827ndash28

Captain Ingenstrem Russia 1829ndash32

Mikhail Dimitrievich Tebenrsquokov Russia 1831ndash50

Ensign Vasiliev Russia 1831ndash32

Ivan Chernov Russia 1832ndash38

Dionysius Federovich Zarembo Russia 1834ndash39

Edward Belcher England 1837

Peter W Dease England 1837

Thomas Simpson England 1837

Captain Lindenberg Russia 1838

Mikhail Murashev Russia 1839ndash40

George Simpson England 1841

Lieutenant Woronkofski Russia 1842ndash43

Laurenti Alexief Zagoskin Russia 1842ndash45

Captain Archimandritov Russia 1848ndash50

George Dixon England 1848

Full Pilot Kuritzien Russia 1849

Constantin Grewingk Germany 1850

William Gibson United States 1854ndash55

North Pacific Exploring Expedition United States 1854ndash55

Cadwalder Ringwalder United States 1854

John Rodgers United States 1854ndash55

Robert Kennicott United States 1860ndash65

Peter Tikhmeniev Russia 1861ndash63

William P Blake United States 1863ndash68



Commander Bassarguine Russia 1863

William H Dall United States 1865ndash99

Western Union Telegraph Exp United States 1865ndash67

Ivan Petroff United States 1866ndash92

George Davidson United States 1867ndash69

Noah Brooks United States 1867

Richard W Meade United States 1868ndash69

David Pender United States 1868

Charles W Raymond United States 1869

Henry W Elliot United States 1872ndash76

Marcus Baker United States 1873ndash80

CES Wood United States 1877

Sheldon Jackson United States 1877ndash05

Edward W Nelson United States 1877ndash81

Lester A Beardslee United States 1879ndash80

John Muir United States 1879ndash99

Samuel Hall Young United States 1879

Calvin L Hooper United States 1880ndash99

Henry Glass United States 1881

Henry E Nichols United States 1881ndash83

Patrick H Ray United States 1881ndash83

Arthur and Aurel Krause Germany 1882

Thomas Meehan United States 1883

George M Stoney United States 1883ndash86

Frederick Schwatka United States 1883ndash86

William R Abercrombie United States 1884ndash99

John C Cantwell United States 1884ndash85

Joseph Bullock Coghlan United States 1884

Henry T Allen United States 1885

Richardson Clover United States 1885

William Libbey Jr United States 1886

Heywood W Seaton-Karr England 1886

Albert S Snow United States 1886

G Frederick Wright United States 1886

Charles M Thomas United States 1887ndash88

Zera L Tanner United States 1888ndash93

Harold W Topham England 1888

Otto J Klotz Canada 1889ndash94

Henry B Mansfield United States 1889ndash91

Charles H Stockton United States 1889

John H Turner United States 1889ndash91

H P Cushing United States 1890

Leslie Expedition United States 1890ndash91

National Geographic Society United States 1890ndashpresent

Henry Fielding Reid United States 1890ndash92

Israel C Russell United States 1890ndash91

Charles W Hayes United States 1891



Joseph Stanley-Brown United States 1891

William I Moore United States 1892ndash95

Edward K Moore United States 1895ndash98

Frank C Schrader United States 1896ndash1903

Josiah E Spurr United States 1896ndash98

Luigi Amedeo-Duke of Abruzzi Italy 1897

Fillippo de Fillippi Italy 1897

Will W Duffield United States 1897

David H Jarvis United States 1897ndash98

Jefferson F Moser United States 1897ndash1901

George R Putnam United States 1897ndash99

William Yanert United States 1897

Edward C Barnard United States 1898ndash1900

Alfred H Brooks United States 1898ndash1925

George H Eldridge United States 1898

Robert L Faris United States 1898ndash1901

John A Flemer United States 1898

Edwin F Glenn United States 1898ndash99

Walter C Mendenhall United States 1898ndash1905

William J Peters United States 1898ndash1902

John F Pratt United States 1898ndash1904

Homer P Ritter United States 1898ndash1904

Edmund F Dickins United States 1899ndash1905

Thomas G Gerdine United States 1899ndash1905

Grove Karl Gilbert United States 1899ndash1901

Harriman Alaska Expedition United States 1899

Joseph S Herron United States 1899

Wilfred H Osgood United States 1899ndash1902


References

Appendix A

Appendix B

Appendix C

Appendix D

Bendavid-Val Leah Sobieszek Robert Naggar Carole Hoy AH Protzman Ferdinand and Ritchin Fred 1999 National Geo-graphic photographs The milestones Washington DC Na-tional Geographic Society 336 p [The 1910 Von Engeln photo-graph is on p 5 the caption is on p 4]

Bengston KB 1962 Recent history of the Brady Glacier Glacier Bay National Monument Alaska USA in Symposium of Obergurgl Variations in the regime of existing glaciers Inter-national Association of Hydrological Sciences-Association In-ternationale des Sciences Hydrologiques (IAHS-AISH) Publi-cation No 58 p 78ndash87

Benson CS and Follett AB 1986 Application of photogram-metry to the study of volcano-glacier interactions on Mount Wrangell Alaska Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing v 52 no 6 p 813ndash827

Benson CS and Motyka RJ 1975 Recent glaciological and volcanological studies at the summit of Mt Wrangell Alaska [abs] EOS (Transactions American Geophysical Union) v 56 no 12 p 1073

Benson CS and Motyka RJ 1978 Glacier-volcano interactions on Mt Wrangell Alaska University of Alaska Fairbanks Geo-physical Institute Annual Report 1977ndash78 p 1ndash25

Benson CS Bingham DK and Wharton GB 1975 Glaciologi-cal and volcanological studies at the summit of Mt Wrangell in Snow and Ice Symposium Moscow 9ndash13 August 1971 In-ternational Association of Hydrological Sciences-Association Internationale de Sciences Hydrologiques (IAHS-AISH) Publi-cation No 104 p 95ndash98

Benson CS Motyka RJ Bingham DK Wharton G MacKeith P and Sturm M 1985 Glaciological and volcanological stud-ies on Mt Wrangell Alaska in Kotlyakov VM Vinogradov VN and Glazovsky AF eds Interaction between volcanism and glaciology Moscow Academy of Sciences of the USSR Soviet Geophysical Committee Glaciological Research No 27 p 114ndash133

Bindschadler RA 1978 A time dependent model of temperate glacier flow and its application to predict changes in the surge-type Variegated Glacier during its quiescent phase PhD dis-sertation University of Washington

Bindschadler RA and Rasmussen LA 1983 Finite-difference model predictions of the drastic retreat of Columbia Glacier Alaska US Geological Survey Professional Paper 1258ndashD 17 p

Bindschadler R Harrison WD Raymond CF and Crosson R 1977 Geometry and dynamics of a surge-type glacier Journal of Glaciology v 18 no 79 p 181ndash194

Bishop MP Olsenholler JA Shroder JF Barry RG Raup BH Bush ABG Coplan L Dwyer JL Fountain AG Haeberli W Kaumlaumlb A Paul F Hall DK Kargel JS Molnia BF Trabant DC and Wessels R 2004 Global land ice mea-surements from space (GLIMS) Remote sensing and GIS in-vestigations of the Earthrsquos cryosphere Geocarto International v 19 no 2 p 57ndash84

Bjoumlrnsson Helgi 1976 Subglacial water reservoirs joumlkulhlaups and volcanic eruptions Joumlkull v 25 [1975] p 1ndash14

Bjoumlrnsson Helgi 1977 Marginal and supraglacial lakes in Ice-land Joumlkull v 26 [1976] p 40ndash51

Black Robert F 1976 Late Quaternary glacial events Aleutian Islands Alaska in Easterbrook DJ and Sibrava V eds Quaternary glaciations in the Northern Hemisphere IUGS-UNESCO International Geological Correlation Programme Project 73ndash1ndash24 Report 3 p 285ndash301

Blackwelder Eliot 1907 Glacial features of the Alaskan coast be-tween Yakutat Bay and the Alsek River Journal of Geology v 15 no 5 p 415ndash433

Blake WP 1867 The glaciers of Alaska Russian America Amer-ican Journal of Science v 44 no 130 p 96ndash101

Blake WP 1868 Geographical notes upon Russian America and the Stickeen River being a report addressed to the Hon WH Seward Secretary of State Washington DC Government Printing Office 19 p 1 map

Brabb EE and Miller DJ 1962 Reconnaissance traverse across the eastern Chugach Mountains Alaska US Geologi-cal Survey Miscellaneous Geological Investigations Map Indash341 1 sheet scale 196000

Brabets TP 1993 Glacier runoff and sediment transport and de-position Eklutna Lake basin Alaska US Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92ndash4132 47 p

Bradley CC 1948 Geologic notes on Adak Island and the Aleu-tian Chain Alaska American Journal of Science v 246 no 4 p 214ndash240

Bradley WC Fahnestock RK and Rowekamp ET 1972 Coarse sediment transport by flood flows on Knik River Alas-ka Geological Society of America Bulletin v 83 no 5 p 1261ndash1284

Braithwaite RJ and Muumlller F 1980 On the parameterization of glacier equilibrium line altitude in World Glacier Inventory Proceedings of the Workshop 17ndash22 September 1987 Reideralp Switzerland International Association of Hydro-logical SciencesAssociation Internationale des Sciences Hy-drologiques (IAHS-AISH) Publication No 126 p 263ndash271

Brooks AH 1900 A reconnaissance in the White and Tanana River basins Alaska in 1898 US Geological Survey Annual Report 20 (1898ndash99) pt vii Explorations in Alaska in 1898 p 425ndash494

Brooks AH 1902 Proposed surveys of Alaska in 1902 National Geographic Magazine v 13 p 133ndash135

Brooks AH 1904 Geography of Alaska National Geographic Magazine v 15 p 213ndash219

Brooks AH 1906a How much is known of Alaska National Geographic Magazine v 17 p 112ndash114

Brooks AH 1906b The geography and geology of Alaska USGS Professional Paper 45 327p

Brooks AH 1911 The Mount McKinley region Alaska USGS Professional Paper 70 234 p

Brooks AH 1914 Mountain exploration in Alaska Alpina Amer-ica v 3 22 p

Brooks AH and Raeburn DL 1903 Plan for climbing Mt McKinley National Geographic Magazine v 9 p 30ndash35

Brooks AH Richardson GB Collier AJ and Mendenhall WC 1901 Reconnaissances in the Cape Nome and Norton Bay regions Alaska in 1900 US Geological Survey Special Publication 222 p




























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Appendix A



Adak 1957 (1954ndash56) 1983 ()

Afognak 1952 (1951ndash52) 1982 (1978)

Amutka 1 2 1951 () 1983 ()

Anchorage 1962 (1948 1950 1952 1960 1962) 1985 (1978 1979)

Arctic 1956 (1955) 1983 (19783)

Atka 1959 (1953ndash59) 1983 ()


Bering Glacier 1959 (1957 1959) 1983 (19783)

Bethel 1980 (1954 1979) 1987 ()

Blying Sound 1953 (1951 1952 1953) 1982 (19783)


Chandler Lake 1956 (1955 1956) 1985 (1979)

Cold Bay 2 1943 (1929 1942 1943) 1975 ()

Cordova 1959 (1950 1953 1959) 1982 (19783)

Craig 1957 (1950ndash56) 1972 ()


False Pass1 1949 (1928 1942 1943) 1970 ()

Gareloi Island2 1954 (1949 1952 1954) 1983 ()


Gulkana 1959 (1949 1950 1955 1959) 1985 (1981)

Healy 1956 (1950ndash56) 1981 ()

Icy Bay 1961 (1957 1961) 1983 (1978)

Iliamna 1957 (1957) 1985 (19783 19803)

Juneau 1962 (1948ndash62) 1985 (19793)

Kenai 1958 (1951 1952 1958) 1986 (1977 1978)

Ketchikan 1955 (1948 1952ndash55) 1976 ()

Killik River 1956 (1955 1956) 1983 (1978 1979)

Kiska2 1951 (1947 1951) 1983 ()

Kodiak 1952 (1948 1949 1952) 1983 (1978 1979)

Lake Clark 1958 (1953ndash58) 1983 (19783 19803)

Lime Hills 1958 (1953ndash58) 1983 (19783 19803)

McCarthy 1960 (1951ndash60) 1981 (1978)

McGrath 1958 (1953ndash55) 1984 (1978 1980)


Mt Hayes 1955 (1948ndash55) 1975 ()

Mt Katmai 1951 (1951) 1975 ()

Mt McKinley 1958 (1952 1954 1958) 1982 ()

Mt Michelson 1956 (1955 1956) 1983 (1978)

Mt St Elias 1959 (1959 1961) 1983 (19783)

Nabesna 1960 (1948ndash60) 1982 ()

Nome2 1950 (1950) 1985 (1952 1977 1980)





Port Alexander 1951 (1951) 1994 ()


Samalga Island1 2 1951 (1944 1949) 1983 ()

Seldovia 1963 (1950ndash63) 1985 (1978 3)

Seward 1953 (1950 1952 1953) 1985 (1978 3)

Sitka 1951 (1949 1951) 1987 ()

Skagway 1961 (1949ndash61) 1982 (19783 1979 3)

Stepovak Bay 1963 (1963) 1981 ()

Sumdum 1961 (1948ndash61) 1971 ()

Survey Pass 1956 (1956) 1982 (1978 1979)




Talkeetna 1958 (1954 1958) 1967 ()


Tanacross 1956 (1948ndash56) 1981 ()

Teller2 1950 (1950) 1977 ()

Tyonek 1958 (1952 1954 1958) 1985 (1978ndash80 1982)

Ugashik 1963 (1951ndash63) 1975 ()

Umnak 1951 (1942ndash48) 1983 ()

Unalaska1 2 1951 (1937ndash44) 1984 ()

Unimak1 1951 (1938ndash45) 1983 ()



Yakutat 1959 (1948ndash59) 1982 (19783)



Appendix B






sheet number 29


Appendix C







































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Appendix D














































































































































































References

Appendix A

Appendix B

Appendix C

Appendix D



























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Appendix A



Adak 1957 (1954ndash56) 1983 ()

Afognak 1952 (1951ndash52) 1982 (1978)

Amutka 1 2 1951 () 1983 ()

Anchorage 1962 (1948 1950 1952 1960 1962) 1985 (1978 1979)

Arctic 1956 (1955) 1983 (19783)

Atka 1959 (1953ndash59) 1983 ()


Bering Glacier 1959 (1957 1959) 1983 (19783)

Bethel 1980 (1954 1979) 1987 ()

Blying Sound 1953 (1951 1952 1953) 1982 (19783)


Chandler Lake 1956 (1955 1956) 1985 (1979)

Cold Bay 2 1943 (1929 1942 1943) 1975 ()

Cordova 1959 (1950 1953 1959) 1982 (19783)

Craig 1957 (1950ndash56) 1972 ()


False Pass1 1949 (1928 1942 1943) 1970 ()

Gareloi Island2 1954 (1949 1952 1954) 1983 ()


Gulkana 1959 (1949 1950 1955 1959) 1985 (1981)

Healy 1956 (1950ndash56) 1981 ()

Icy Bay 1961 (1957 1961) 1983 (1978)

Iliamna 1957 (1957) 1985 (19783 19803)

Juneau 1962 (1948ndash62) 1985 (19793)

Kenai 1958 (1951 1952 1958) 1986 (1977 1978)

Ketchikan 1955 (1948 1952ndash55) 1976 ()

Killik River 1956 (1955 1956) 1983 (1978 1979)

Kiska2 1951 (1947 1951) 1983 ()

Kodiak 1952 (1948 1949 1952) 1983 (1978 1979)

Lake Clark 1958 (1953ndash58) 1983 (19783 19803)

Lime Hills 1958 (1953ndash58) 1983 (19783 19803)

McCarthy 1960 (1951ndash60) 1981 (1978)

McGrath 1958 (1953ndash55) 1984 (1978 1980)


Mt Hayes 1955 (1948ndash55) 1975 ()

Mt Katmai 1951 (1951) 1975 ()

Mt McKinley 1958 (1952 1954 1958) 1982 ()

Mt Michelson 1956 (1955 1956) 1983 (1978)

Mt St Elias 1959 (1959 1961) 1983 (19783)

Nabesna 1960 (1948ndash60) 1982 ()

Nome2 1950 (1950) 1985 (1952 1977 1980)





Port Alexander 1951 (1951) 1994 ()


Samalga Island1 2 1951 (1944 1949) 1983 ()

Seldovia 1963 (1950ndash63) 1985 (1978 3)

Seward 1953 (1950 1952 1953) 1985 (1978 3)

Sitka 1951 (1949 1951) 1987 ()

Skagway 1961 (1949ndash61) 1982 (19783 1979 3)

Stepovak Bay 1963 (1963) 1981 ()

Sumdum 1961 (1948ndash61) 1971 ()

Survey Pass 1956 (1956) 1982 (1978 1979)




Talkeetna 1958 (1954 1958) 1967 ()


Tanacross 1956 (1948ndash56) 1981 ()

Teller2 1950 (1950) 1977 ()

Tyonek 1958 (1952 1954 1958) 1985 (1978ndash80 1982)

Ugashik 1963 (1951ndash63) 1975 ()

Umnak 1951 (1942ndash48) 1983 ()

Unalaska1 2 1951 (1937ndash44) 1984 ()

Unimak1 1951 (1938ndash45) 1983 ()



Yakutat 1959 (1948ndash59) 1982 (19783)



Appendix B






sheet number 29


Appendix C







































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Appendix D














































































































































































References

Appendix A

Appendix B

Appendix C

Appendix D




Port Alexander 1951 (1951) 1994 ()


Samalga Island1 2 1951 (1944 1949) 1983 ()

Seldovia 1963 (1950ndash63) 1985 (1978 3)

Seward 1953 (1950 1952 1953) 1985 (1978 3)

Sitka 1951 (1949 1951) 1987 ()

Skagway 1961 (1949ndash61) 1982 (19783 1979 3)

Stepovak Bay 1963 (1963) 1981 ()

Sumdum 1961 (1948ndash61) 1971 ()

Survey Pass 1956 (1956) 1982 (1978 1979)




Talkeetna 1958 (1954 1958) 1967 ()


Tanacross 1956 (1948ndash56) 1981 ()

Teller2 1950 (1950) 1977 ()

Tyonek 1958 (1952 1954 1958) 1985 (1978ndash80 1982)

Ugashik 1963 (1951ndash63) 1975 ()

Umnak 1951 (1942ndash48) 1983 ()

Unalaska1 2 1951 (1937ndash44) 1984 ()

Unimak1 1951 (1938ndash45) 1983 ()



Yakutat 1959 (1948ndash59) 1982 (19783)



Appendix B






sheet number 29


Appendix C







































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Appendix D














































































































































































References

Appendix A

Appendix B

Appendix C

Appendix D

Appendix B






sheet number 29


Appendix C







































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Appendix D














































































































































































References

Appendix A

Appendix B

Appendix C

Appendix D

Appendix C







































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Appendix D














































































































































































References

Appendix A

Appendix B

Appendix C

Appendix D


























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Appendix D














































































































































































References

Appendix A

Appendix B

Appendix C

Appendix D

































































































































References

Appendix A

Appendix B

Appendix C

Appendix D

References Cited - USGSReferences Cited Abercrombie, W.R., 1900, Supplementary expedition into the...

Documents

Transcript of References Cited - USGSReferences Cited Abercrombie, W.R., 1900, Supplementary expedition into the...