REFERENCES - Shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/.../23354/14/14_references.pdf · 2018-07-09 ·...

27
104 REFERENCES Abbasi,S.A.,Ramasamy, E.V. (1999) Anaerobic digestion of high solid waste, in Proc. Eighth Symp Environment (IGCAR, Kalpakkam, India)P p.220-224. Abbot, I., Parker, C.A. (1981). Interactions between earthworms and their soil environment. Soil Biol. Biochem. 13: Pp.191-197. Adams, P.,(1986). Mineral Nutrition. In The tomato crop, Artherton, J.G and Rudish, J (Ed) Chapman and Hall Ltd. Pp.281-324. Aina .,P.O. (1984) Contribution of Earthworms to porosity and water infiltration in a tropical soil forest and long term cultivation pedobiologia,26: Pp131-136 Aira, M., Monroy, F., Dominguez, J., Mato, S., (2002). How earthworm density affects microbial biomass and activity in pig manure. European Journal of Soil Biology, 38, Pp.7-10. Al-DahmaniJ.H., Abbasi P.A., Miller S.A., Hoitink H.A.J., (2003) Suppression of bacterial spot of tomato with foliar sprays of compost extracts under green house and field conditions, Plant Disease 87,Pp. 913-919. Anand J. A., a)Wilson M. D. P., Kale R. D.,(1995 )Effect of vermiwash on seed germination and seedling growth, J. Soil Biol. Ecol. 15: Pp.90-95. Anand, S. and K.S. Krishnappa, (1988). Effect of different level of N and K on growth, yield and quality of potato in sandy loam soil. Mysore J. Agril. Sci., 22(4):Pp.483-488 Anderson,C.,and Laursen,J.,(1982) Distribution of heavy metals in Lumbricus terrestris,Apparecto longa,A.rosea measured by atomic absourption and X- ray fluorescent spectroscopy pedobiologia , 24;Pp.347-356 Ansari .A.A (2008 a). Effect of Vermicompost and Vermiwash on the Productivity of Spinach (Spinacia oleracea), Onion (Allium cepa) and Potato (Solanum tuberosum). World J. Agric. Sci., 4(5): Pp.554-557.

Transcript of REFERENCES - Shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/.../23354/14/14_references.pdf · 2018-07-09 ·...

104

REFERENCES

Abbasi,S.A.,Ramasamy, E.V. (1999) Anaerobic digestion of high solid waste, in Proc.

Eighth Symp Environment (IGCAR, Kalpakkam, India)P p.220-224.

Abbot, I., Parker, C.A. (1981). Interactions between earthworms and their soil

environment. Soil Biol. Biochem. 13: Pp.191-197.

Adams, P.,(1986). Mineral Nutrition. In The tomato crop, Artherton, J.G and

Rudish, J (Ed) Chapman and Hall Ltd. Pp.281-324.

Aina .,P.O. (1984) Contribution of Earthworms to porosity and water infiltration

in a tropical soil forest and long term cultivation pedobiologia,26: Pp131-136

Aira, M., Monroy, F., Dominguez, J., Mato, S., (2002). How earthworm density

affects microbial biomass and activity in pig manure. European Journal of

Soil Biology, 38, Pp.7-10.

Al-DahmaniJ.H., Abbasi P.A., Miller S.A., Hoitink H.A.J., (2003) Suppression of

bacterial spot of tomato with foliar sprays of compost extracts under green

house and field conditions, Plant Disease 87,Pp. 913-919.

Anand J. A., a)Wilson M. D. P., Kale R. D.,(1995 )Effect of vermiwash on seed

germination and seedling growth, J. Soil Biol. Ecol. 15: Pp.90-95.

Anand, S. and K.S. Krishnappa, (1988). Effect of different level of N and K on

growth, yield and quality of potato in sandy loam soil. Mysore J. Agril. Sci.,

22(4):Pp.483-488

Anderson,C.,and Laursen,J.,(1982) Distribution of heavy metals in Lumbricus

terrestris,Apparecto longa,A.rosea measured by atomic absourption and X-

ray fluorescent spectroscopy pedobiologia , 24;Pp.347-356

Ansari .A.A (2008 a). Effect of Vermicompost and Vermiwash on the Productivity of

Spinach (Spinacia oleracea), Onion (Allium cepa) and Potato (Solanum

tuberosum). World J. Agric. Sci., 4(5): Pp.554-557.

105

Ansari. A.A b) (2008b). Effect of Vermicompost on the productivity of Potato

(Solanum tuberosum), Spinach (Spinach oleracea) and Turnip (Brassica

campestris). World J. Agric. Sci., 4(3): Pp.333-336.

Ansari A.A, Vermitech (2002)– A potential technology for reclamation of sodic soil,

Ph.D. Thesis, University of Madras

Anwar, M.N., M.S. Huq, S.K. Nandy and M.S. Islam, (2001). Effect of N, P, K, S and

Mo on growth and curd yield of broccoli in gray terrace soil. Bangladesh J.

Agril. Res., 26(4): Pp.549-555.

Arancon, N. Q., Edwards, C.A., Atiyeh, R.M., Metzger, T.D. (2004a). Effect of

vermicomposts produced from food waste on the yields of greenhouse

peppers. Bioresour. Technol. 93: Pp.139-144.

Arancon, N. Q., Edwards, C.I., Bierman, P., Welch, C., Metzger, T.D. (2004b).

Influence of vermicomposts on field strawberries: 1. Effect on growth and

yields. Bioresour. Technol. 93: Pp.145-153.

Arancon, N.Q., Edwards, C.A., Bierman, P., Metzger, J.D., Lee, S., Welch, C.,

(2003). Effects of vermicomposts on growth and marketable fruits of field-

grown tomatoes, peppers and strawberries: The 7th international symposium

on earthworm ecology, Cardiff, Wales, 2002. Pedobiologia 47, pp.731-735.

Ash, C.P.I and Lee, W.P. (1980). Lead, Cadmium, Copper and iron in earthworms

from roadside site Environ. Pollut. 22 : Pp.59-67.

Asiegbu, J.E. and S. Oikeh, (1995). Evaluation of chemical composition of manures

from different organic wastes and their potential for supply of nutrients to

tomato in a tropical Ultisol. Biological Agric. Hort., 12: Pp.47-60.

Atiyeh, R.M., Arancon, N.Q., Edwards, C.A., Metzger, J.D., (2000.) Influence of

earthworm-processed pig manure on the growth and yield of green house

tomatoes. Bioresource Technology, 75, Pp.175-180.

106

Atiyeh, R.M., Dominguez, J., Subler, S., Edwards, C.A., (2000). Changes in

biochemical properties of cow manure during processing by earthworms

(Eisenia andrei Bouché) and the effects on seedling growth. Pedobiologia 44,

Pp.709-724.

Atiyeh,R.M., Edwards, C.A., Subler, S., Metzger, J.D., (2001). Pig manures

vermicompost as a component of a horticultural bedding plant medium: effects

on physiochemical properties and plant growth. Bioresource Technology, 78,

Pp.11-20.

Ayala, S., Prakasa Rao, E.V.S., (2002). Perspectives of soil fertility management with

a focus on fertilizer use for crop productivity. Current Science, 82 (7), Pp.797-

807.

Azad, A.K., (2000.) Effects of plant spacing, source of nutrients and mulching or

growth and yield of Cabbage. M.S. Thesis. Dept. of Hort., Bangladesh Agril.

Univ. Mymensingh., Pp.15-40.

Balamurugan, V., Gobi, M and Vijayalakshmi, G.S. (1999). Comparative studies on

degradation of pressmud using cellulolytic fungi and exotic species of

earthworm with and note on its gut microflora. Asian Jr. of Biotech and Env.

Scie. Vol.No (3-4): Pp. 131-134

Balamurugan, V. (2002). Physico-chemical and microbial perspectives of

vermicompost produced by Eisenia foetida, Savigny, Eudrilus eugeniae,

Kinberg and Lampito mauritii, Kinberg with a note on their fecundity and

growth studies in ten different organic wastes. Ph.D thesis submitted to

Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, India. Bangalore., Pp.88.

Barly K.P. and Jenning A.C.( 1959 )Aust.J Agric.Res., 10, Pp.364-370.

Barle ,K.P.(1961) Abandance of earthworms in agricultural land and their

Possible significance in agriculture.Adv.Agron.13Pp.249-268.

107

Barois, I. and Lavelle, P. (1986). Changes in respiration rate and some physico-

chemical properties of a tropical soil during transport through Pontoscolex

corethrurus (Glossescolecidae, Oligochaeta). Soil Biol. Biochem. 18: Pp.

539-541.

Basker, A., Macgregor, A.N., Kirman, J.H.( 1993). Exchangable potassium and other

cations in non ingested soil and cast of two species of pasture earthworms. Soil

Biol. Biochem. 25: Pp.1673-1677.

Bassalik, K. (1913). On silicate decomposition by soil bacteria. Z. Garungs- physiol.

2: Pp.1-32.

Benik, P., Bejbaruah, R., (2004) Effect of vermicompost on rice (Oryza sativa) yield

and soil-fertility status of rainfed humid sub-tropics. Indian Journal of

Agriculture Sciences 74(9), Pp.488-491.

Bhandari G.S. Randhawa, N.S. and Maskina. M.S. (1967). On the polysacharide

content of earthworm casts. Curr.Sci. 36 ; Pp.519 – 520.

Bhat ,J.V Khambata S.R., Maya, G. B Sastry, C. A . Iyer, R. V and Iyer,V

(1960)“Effect of earthworms on the microflora of the soil,” Indian Journal of

Agricultural Science, vol. 30, no. 2, Pp.106–114,

Bhatnagar., R.K. and Palta., R.K. (1996). “Earthworm : Vermiculture and

Vermicomposting”, 1st Edition, Kalyani Publication, New Delhi, Pp.73-74,

77, 80

Bhawalkar, U.S. (1996). Biconversion of organic residues. Ph.D Thesis, IIT Bombay,

Mumbai

Bieri, M. 2002. Sustainable waste treatment as resource management in Ethio forum

conference (Ethiopian Social Rehabilitation and Development Fund,

Rueschilikon).

108

Blair, J.M.Parnelce, R.W., Allen, M.F., Maccartney, D.A and Stinner, B.R (1997).

Changes in soil Nitrogen pools in response to earthworm population

manipulations in Agroecosystems with different nitrogen sources. Soil.Biol

Biochem. 29: Pp. 361-367.

Bongkyoon, K., (2004). Effect of vermicompost on growth of fall-cropping potato in

volcanic ash soil. Korean J. Crop. Sci., 49(4): Pp.305-308.

Borowski, E. (1995). Response of tomatoes to NO3-N or NH4-N applied to sand,

loam, and soil substrate. Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, 3,

Pp.111-118.

Bouche, M.B. (1983). Ecophysiologie des lombriciens : acquies recents et

perpectives. In : New Trends in soil Biology, (Eds) Lebrun,py., Andri, H.M.,

Medts, A.de., Gregorie wibo, C and Wauthy.G., Dieu – Brichart, Louvain-la-

Neuve, Pp.321-333.

Brown, G.G., I. Barois and P. Lavelle, (2000). Regulation of soil organic matter

dynamics and microbial activity the drilosphere and the role interactions. Eur.

J. Soil Biol., 38: Pp.177-198.

Buchanan, M.A., Russell, G., Block, S.D. (1988). Chemical characterization and

nitrogen mineralization potential of vermicompost derived from differing

organic wastes. In: Edwards, C.A., Neuhauser, E. (Eds.), Earthworms in

Waste and Environmental Management. SPB Academic Press, The Hague,

The Netherlands, Pp.231-239.

Buckerfield J. C., Flavel T., Lee K. E., Webster K. A.,(1999) Vermicompost soil and

liquid form as plant growth promoter, Pedobiologia, 42: Pp.753-759.

Byzov, B.A., N.V. Khomyakov, S.A. Kharin and A.V. Kurakov, (2007). Fate of soil

bacteria and fungi in the gut of earthworms. Eur. J. Soil Biol. 43: Pp.146-156.

Chandrabose, M.S., Natarajan, S and Selvakumari, G (1988). Methods of Soil

analysis Book world publications, Pp. 1-102.

109

Chakrabarti,K., Zaidi, A and Barrari, S. (1998). Compost for container nursery. A

West Bengal experience, Indian Forester, Pp. 17-30.

Chan P.L.S., Griffiths D.A. (1988) Biological wastes. 24: Pp.57-69.

Chowdeppa, P, Biddappa, C.C, Sujatha, S. (1999). Effective recycling of organic

waste in arecanut (Areca ctechu L) and cocoa (Theombrome cacoa L)

plantation through vermicomposting. Indian J Agric Sci. 69: Pp.563-566.

Coleman, D.C., Reid, C.P.P. and Cole C.V. (1983) Biological Strategies of nutrient

cycling in soil systems. Advances in Ecological Research, 13 : Pp. 1-55.

Collins, C.H and Lyne, P.M (1983). Microbiological methods . 5th

ed. Butterworth

and Co, London, Pp. 5,89.

Collier, J. (1978) Use of earthworms in sludge lagoons. In: R. Hartenstein (ed)

Utilization of soil organisms in sludge management. Natl. Tech. Inf. Service,

PB286932. Springfield, Virginia, Pp.131-133.

Compost Microbiology and the Soil Food Web (2008) Retrieved on January 5, 2008,

from <http://www.ciwmb.ca.gov/publications/Organics/>.conservation society

(ed. C.A. Ed wards). Ankeny, Iowa., Pp.355-376.

Cuevas, V.C., Samulde, S.M and Pajaro, P.G (1988). Trichoderma harzanium Rifai as

activator for rapid composting of agricultureal wastes. Philipp Agric 71(4):

461-469.

Curry, J. P., Byrne, D. (1992). The role of earthworms in straw decomposition and

nitrogen turnover in arable land in Greenland. Soil Biol. Biochem. 24:

Pp.1409-1412.

Daniel, O. and Anderson, J.M.( 1992). Microbial biomass and activity in contrasting

soil material after passage through the gut of the earthworm Lumbricus

rubellus. Hoffmeister. Soil Biol. Biochem. 24: Pp.465-470.

Davidson, S.K and D.A. Stahl, (2006). Transmission of Nephridial bacterial of the

earthworm Eisenia fetida. Applied Environ. Microbio.72:Pp. 769-775.

110

Darwin, C.R. (1881), “The Formation of Vegetable Mould through the Action of

Worms with Observations on Their Habits”, Murray, London, Pp.298-299.

Dash, M.C and Patra, U.C (1977). Density, Biomass and Energy budget of a tropical

earthworm population from a grassland site in Orissa, India. Rev.Ecol. Biol.

Soil.14: Pp. 461-471.

Dash, M.C and Patra, U.C (1979). Wormcast production and Nitrogen avalilability of

soil, by a tropical earthworm population from a grassland site in Orissa.

Rev.Ecol. Biol, 16:Pp. 79-83.

Deolalikar, A.V. Mitra, A. (1997).Application of paper mill solid waste vermicompst

as organic manure in rohu (Labeo rohita, Hamilton) culture- A comparative

study with other commercial organic manure, in Proc. Int bioethics workshop:

Biomanagement of biogeoresources, Ed. J. Azariah et al (University of

Madras, Chennai).

Dominguez, I., Edwards, C.A., Ashby, I., (2001). The biology and population

dynamics of Eudrilus eugeniae (Kinberg) (Oligochaeta) in cattle waste solids.

Pedobiologia 45, Pp. 341-353.

Dong, A., G. Chester and G.V. Simsiman, (1983). Soil dispersibility. J. Soil Sci.,136:

208.

Doube, B.M. and Brown, G.G. (1998) Life in a complex community: functional

interactions between earthworms, organic matter, microorganisms, and plants.

In Earthworm Ecology (ed. C.A. Edwards). St. Lucie Press: Boca Raton,

Florida.

Edwards C.A. Burrows, Fletcher K.E. and Jones B.A. (1985) (Ed J.K.R. Gaser)

proceedings of a seminar in oxford 1984. Elsevier, London Pp. 229-242.

Edwards C.A.Bater, J.A., (1992). The use of earthworms in environmental

management. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Volume 24, Pp.1683 – 1689.

111

Edwards, C.A. (1981). Earthworms, soil fertility and plant growth. In: Applehof, M

(compiler), 1981. Workshop on the role of earthworms in the stabilization of

organic residues. Vol. 1, Proceedings. Beech Leaf Press. Kalamazoo,

Michigan. Pp.61-85.

Edwards, C.A. and Bohlen, P.J. (1996) Biology and Ecology of Earthworms. 3rd edn.

Chapman & Hall: London.

Edwards, C.A. and Lofty, J.R. (1977). Biology of earthworms. Chapman and Hall

Ltd., London. Pp: 333.

Edwards, C.A.(1995) Historical overview of vermicomposting.BioCycle,36(6):

Pp.56-58.

Edwards, C.A., Burrows, I., (1988). The potential of earthworm composts as plant

growth media. In: Edwards, C.A., Neuhauser, E. (Eds.), Earthworms in Waste

and Environmental Management. SPB Academic Press, The Hague, The

Netherlands, Pp.221- 232.

Edwards. C. A. and N. Q. Arancon (2004) “Interactions among organic matter,

earthworms and microorganisms in promoting plant growth,” in Soil Organic

Matter in Sustainable Agriculture, Pp.327–376,

Elliot, P.W., Knight, D., Anderson, J.M.( 1990). Denitrification in earthworm casts

and soil from pasture under different fertilizer and drainage regimes. Soil Biol.

Biochem. 22: 601-605.

Fokkema, N.J., (1993) Opportunities and problems of control of foliar pathogens with

microorganisms. Pesticide Science, 37, Pp.411-416.

Frederickson, J., Knight, D. (1988). The use of anaerobically digested cattle solids for

vermiculture. In: Edwards, C.A., Neuhauser, E. (Eds.), Earthworms in Waste

and Environmental Management. SPB Academic Press, The Hague, The

Netherlands, pp.33-47.

112

Fragoso, C and Lavelle, P (1992). Earthworm communities of tropical rain forests .

Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 24, Pp. 1397-1408.

Gajalakshmi, S, Ramasamy, E.V., Abbasi, S.A. (2001). Potential of two epigeic and

two anecic earthworm species in vermicomposting of water hyacinth.

Bioresour. Technol. 76: Pp 177-181.

Gajalakshmi, S., Abbasi, S.A. (2002). Effect of the application of water hyacinth

compost/vermicompost on the growth and flowering of Crossandra

undulaefole, and on several vetagbles, Bioresour. Technol,85: Pp.197-199.

Gajalakshmi, S., Abbasi, S.A. (2004a). Neem leaves as a source of fertilizer-fum-

pesticide vermicompost. Bioresour. Technol. 92: Pp.291-296.

Gajalakshmi, S., Abbasi, S.A., (2004b.) Vermiconversion of paper waste by

earthworm born and grown in the waste-fed reactors compared to the pioneers

raised to adulthood on cowdung feed. Bioresource Technology, 94. Pp.53-56.

Gajalakshmi, S., Ramasamy, E.V., Abbasi, S.A., (2001). Potential of two epigeic and

two anecic earthworm species in vermicomposting of water hyacinth.

Bioresource Technology 76, Pp.177-181.

Gajalakshmi, S., Ramasamy, E.V., Abbasi, S.A., (2001). Potential of two epigeic and

two anecic earthworm species in vermicomposting of water hyacinth.

Bioresource Technology 76, p Pp.177-181.

Gajalakshmi, S., Sankar Ganesh, P., Abbasi, S.A., (2005). A highly cost-effective

simplification in the design of fastpaced vermireactors based on epigeic

earthworms. Biochemical Engineering Journal 22, Pp.111-116.

Garg.V.K. and Renuka Gupta (2011) Optimization of cow dung spiked pre-

consumer processing vegetable waste for vermi-composting using Eisenia

foetida –Ecotoxicology and Environmental safety 74 Pp.(19-24)

Gavrilov K, (1962) Role of earthworms in the enrichment of soil by biologically

active substances. Voprosy Ekologii Vysshaya Shkola (Moscow ) 7 : 34.

113

Ghose, N., Basu, S. and Behra, N. (1989). Microfungi in the gut and cast of P.

millardi, a tropical earthworm. J. Soil Biol. Ecol. 9(1): Pp.40-45.

Ghosh, M, Chattopadhyay, G.N., Baral, K. (1999). Transformation of phosphorus

during vermicomposting. Bioresour. Technol. Pp.149-154.

Ghosh, N., Sumita Basu and Behera, N., (1989), Microfungi in the gut and cast of

Perionyx millardi, a tropical earthworm. J. Soil Biol. Ecol., 9: Pp.45-50

Giraddi, R.S,( 2007), Vermitechnologies (in Kannada), UAS and CAPART Pub.,

Dharwad, India.

Giraddi, R.S., Smitha, M.S. And Channappagoudar, B.B.,( 2003), Organic

amendments for the management of chilli (cv. Byadagi kaddi) insect pests and

their influence on crop vigour. Proceedings of National Seminar on

perspective in spices, Medicinal and Aromatic plants, ICAR Complex, Goa,

27-29 November 2003, Pp.361-365.

Goswani, B., Kalita, M.C., Talukdar, S.( 2001). Bioconversion of municipal solid

waste through vermicomposting. Asian J Microbiol. Biotechnol. Environ. Sci.

3: Pp.205-207.

Graff, O. (1971). Sticksoff, phosphor and Kalium in der Regenwurlosung auf der

Wiesen versuchsflache des Sollingprojekites. In: Ann.Zool Ecol.

Anim.Special.Publi., Paris. 4 : Pp.503-512.

Graff, O., Makeschin, F.(1980). Crop yield of rye-grass influenced by the excretions

of three earthworm species. Pedobiologia 20: Pp.176-180.

Grappelli A., Galli E. Tomati U., 987Earthworm casting effect on Agaricus bisporus

fructification, Agrochemica , 21, Pp.457-416.

Grundon , N.J.,(1980) Effectiveness of soil dressing and foliar spray of copper

sulphate in correcting copper deficiency of wheat (Triticum aestivum) in

Queensland. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture and Animal

Husbandry, 20, Pp.717-723.

114

Gunjal, S.S. and Nikam, T.B. (1992). Grape cultivation through earthworm farming.

In : Proc. of the National Seminar on Organic farming. Mahatma Phule

Krishi Vidyapeeth College of Agriculture. Punie, India Pp. 48 – 50.

Gutirréz-Miceli, F. A., García-Gómez, R. C., Rosales, R. R., Abud-Archila, M.,

Angela, O. L. M., Cruz, M. J. G. and Dendooven, L.,(2008 )Formulation of

liquid fertilizer for sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) using

vermicompost leachate. Bioresour. Technol., 99, Pp.6174–6180.

Haimi, J. and Huhta, V. (1990). Effects of earthworms on decomposition processes in

raw humus forests soil: a microcosm study. Biol. Fertil. Soils. 10: Pp.178-183.

Haimi, J., Huhta, V. 1987. Comparison of composts produced from identical wastes

by “vermistabilization” and conventional composting. Pedobiologia 30:

Pp.137-144.

Hand, P.Hyes, W.A., Satchell, J.E. and Frenkland, J.C. (1988). The Vermicomposting

of cow slurry. In Earthworms in waste and Enviornmental. Management

(Eds) Edwards. C.A. an Neuhauser. E.F.SPB Academic. The Hague. Pp.

49-63.

Handrek, K.A. (1986). Vermicomposts as components of potting media. Biocycle.

10/86: 58-62.

Hantenstein R., Bisesi, M.S.( 1989) Out look on Agricultural 18, Pp.3-7.

Haque, M.O., (2000). Effects of different fertilizer management practices on the

growth and yield of main and ratoon crop of cabbage. M. S. thesis, Dept. of

Hort., BAU, Mymensingh., Pp.96.

Hatenstein, R., Hartenstein, F. (1981). Physicochemical changes effected in activated

sludge by the earthworm Eisenia fetida. J. Environ. Qual. 10: Pp.377-382.

Haynes, R.J. and R.S. Swift, (1990). Stability of soil aggregates in relation to organic

constituents and soil water content. J. Soil Sci., Pp.41: 73.

115

Haynes, R.J., (1986). The Decomposition Process Mineralization, Immobilisation,

Humus Formation and Degradation. In: Mineral Nitrogen in the Plant-Soil

System (Haynes, R.J., Ed.), Academic Press, New York.

Haynes, R.J., Fraser, P.M., Tregurtha, R.J., Piercy, J.E. (1999). Size and activity of

the microbial biomass and N, S and P availability in EW casts derived from

arable and pastoral soil and arable soil amended with pant residues.

Pedobiologia, 43 (6), Pp.568-573.

Horn, M.A. Schramma, A., Draka, H. (2003). The earthworm gut: An ideal habitat for

ingested N2O producing microorganisms. Applied and Environmental

Microbiology 69, Pp.1662-1669.

Ireland, M.P. (1975). Metal Content of D.rubida (Oligocaeta) in a bares metamining

area Oikos, 26 : Pp.74-79.

Ireland, M.P. (1979). Metal accumulation by the earthworm Lumbricus rubellus,

D.Veneta and Eiseniella, tetraedra living in heavy metal polluted sites.

Environ. Pollut 13 : Pp. 201 – 206.

Ismail S A, (1994 a) Vemitech. The use of local species of earthworms in agriculture.

Changing villages. 13: Pp.27-31.

Ismail S A, (1994 b) Vermitech. Harnessing the earthworm for the benefit of

mankind. Wake up India 17: Pp.18-20.

Ismail S A, (1995 a) Vermitech for natural farming. Kisan World 22: Pp.27-28.

Ismail S A,(1994 c) Vermiculture in India. Organic Matters 17: Pp.23-28.

Ismail SA (2005). The Earthworm Book. Other India Press, Mapusa, Goa. Pp. 92.

Ismail SA,(1997a)Vermitechnology, Gujarat Agricultural University, Gujarat,

India,Pp.1-9

Ismail, S. A., (1997b), Vermicology, The biology of earthworms. Orient Logman

publishers, Chennai, India.

116

Ismail S A, (1997c)Vermicology The Biology of earthworms.Orient Longman India

92 pp.

Jagdish Nazareth (1994). Micronutrient fortified compost. ILEIA, News letter.

October, 10(3): Pp.18-19.

Jain, K., Singh, J., Gupta, S.K., (2003). Development of a modified vermireactor for

efficient vermicomposting: a laboratory study. Bioresource Technology 90,

Pp.335-337.

Jambhekar, H.A. (1992) Use of earthworms as a potential source to decompose

organic wastes.Proceedings of the National Seminar on organic farming.

Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, College ofAgriculture, Pune,Pp.52–53.

Jamieson, B.G.M. (1981). The Ultrastructure of the oligochaeta. Academic Press.

London.

Jayakumar.M., V. Karthikeyan, and N. Karmegam,( 2009). “Comparative studies on

physico-chemical, microbiological and enzymatic activities of vermicasts of

the earthworms, Eudrilus eugeniae, Lampito mauritii and Perionyx

ceylanensis cultured in press mud,” International Journal of Applied

Agricultural Research, vol. 4, Pp.75–85,

Joshi, N.V., Kelkar, B. (1951). The role of earthworms in soil fertility. Indian J Agric.

Sci. 22: Pp .189-196.

Kabir, H.T., (1998). Effect of sources of nutrients on yield and quality of cabbage. M.

S. Thesis. Dept. of Hort., Bangladesh Agril. Univ. Mymensingh., Pp.13-39.

Kadir, M.A., (2002). Effect of different nutrients on growth and yield of broccoli. M.

S. Thesis. Dept of Hort. BAU, Mymensingh., Pp.25-35.

Kale RD (1998a). Earthworm Cinderella of Organic Farming. Prism Book Pvt Ltd,

Banglore, India. Pp.88.

Kale, R.D.,( 1998)B). Earthworms: Nature’s Gift Utilization of Organic Wastes. In:

Soil and Water.

117

Kale, R.D. and Bano, K. (1986). Field trails with vermicompost (Vee com. E. 83

Vas) and organic fertilizer. Proc. Nat. Sem. Org waste, utilize. Vermicom.

Part. B : Verms and Vermicomposting. (Eds.) Dash, M.C., Senapathi, B.K.

and Mishra, P.C. Pp : 151 – 156.

Kale, R.D., Bano, K., Krishnamoorthy, R.V. (1982). Potential of Perionyx excavates

for utilizing organic wastes. Pedobiologia, 23; Pp.419-425.

Kale. R.D.Seenappa, S.N. and Jagannatha Rao, C.B. (1994). Sugar factory refuse for

the production of vermicompost and worm bioness. 5th

int.symp. Eartworm,

Ohio university, Columbus, U.S.A.

Kang, B.T., Akinnifesi, F.K. and Pleysier (1994). Effect of agro forestry woody

species on earthworm activity and physicochemical properties of worm cast.

Biol. Fertil. Soils. 18 Pp.193 – 199.

Kaplan, D.L. and Hartenstein, R. (1980). Decomposition of lignins by

microorganisms soils, Biol. Biochem., 12 : Pp.65-75.

Karmegam and T. Daniel, (2000) “Selected physico-chemical characteristics and

microbial populations of the casts of the earthworm, Pontoscolex corethrurus

(Muller) and surrounding soil in an undisturbed forest floor in Sirumalai Hills,

South India,” Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and

Environmental Sciences, vol. 2, Pp.231–234,.

Karuna K., Patil C. R., Narayanswamy P. Kale R. D.(1999), Stimulatory effect of

earthworm body fluid (vermiwash) on crinkle red variety of Anthurium

andreanum lind, Crop. Res. 17(2): Pp.253-257.

Kavian, M. F. (1997). Biotechnological and Microbiological aspects of vermiculture.

Ph.D. Thesis. University of Bombay, Mumbai.

Kavian, M.F., and Ghatnekar, S.D. (1991). Biomanagement of dairy effluent using

culture of Red earthworms (lumbricus rubellus). Ibid. 11 (9) : Pp.680 – 682.

118

Khan,A.W. (1966). Earthworms of West Pakistan and their utility in soil

improvement, Agric. Pak. 17: Pp.192-197.

Khambata, R and J. V. Bhat, (1957)“A contribution to the study of the intestinal

microflora of Indian earthworms,” Archives of Microbiology, vol. 28, no. 1,

Pp.69–80,

Krishnamoorthy, R.V., Vajranabhaian, S.N., (1986). Biological activity of earthworm

casts. An assessment of plant growth promotes or levels in the casts.

Proceedings of Indian Academy of Sciences (Animal Science), 95(3), Pp.

341-351.

Kumar, C. A. (1994). State of the art report on vermiculture in India (Council for

Advancement of People’sAction and Rual Technology,NewDelhi) Pp.1-60.

Lalitha R, (1999) Influence of earthworm activity on soil processes, microbial

density and crop growth, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Madras, 168, .

Lalitha R, Fathima K, Ismail SA (2000). The impact of biopesticide and microbial

fertilizers on productivity and growth of Abelmoschus esculentus. Vasundara

the Earth. (1-2): Pp.4-9.

Lavelle, 1983 “The structure of earthworm communities,” in Earthworm Ecology, J.

E.Satchell, Ed.(1983), Pp. 449–466, Chapman and Hall, London, UK, .

Lavelle, P., Melendez, G., Pashanasi, B., Schaefer, R. (1992). Nitrogen mineralization

and reorganization in casts of the geophagous tropical earthworm Pontoscolex

corethrurus (Glossoscolecidae). Biology and Fertility of Soils, 14 (1),

Pp.49-53.

Laverack, M.S.(1963). The physiology of earthworms Pergamaon Press, London

Lee, K.E. (1992). Some trends and opportunities in earthworm research (or) Darwin’s

children the future of our discipline. Soil. Biol. Biochem. 24 (12): Pp.

1765- 1771.

119

Lee, K.E., (1985). Earthworms. Their Ecology and Relationships with Soils and Land

Use. Academic Press, Sydney.

Logsdon,G. (1994). Worldwide progress in vermicomposting. Biocycle. 35: Pp.63-65.

Loreno-Osti, C., L. Lopez-Reyes and D. Espinosa-Victoria, (2004). Bacterias

promotoras del crecimiento vegestal asociadas con gramineas: Una revision.

Terra Latinoamericana, 22: Pp.225-239.

Lourduraj, C.A. and Yadav, B.K., (2005), Vermiwash production techniques. In:

Verms and Vermitechnolgy. Ed. Arvind Kumar, A.P.H. Publishing

Corporation, New Delhi, Pp.102.

Lozek, O. and gracova, A., 1999, The influence of vermisol on the yield and quality

of tomatoes. Acta-Horticulture – et Regiotecturae 2(1): Pp.17-19.

Lunt, H.A., Jacobson, H.G.M. 1944. The chemical composition of earthworm casts.

Soil Science, 58: Pp.367-375.

Macdonald, D. M. and Griffin, S. E. (1981). Returning wastes to the land. In: food,

fuel and fertilizer from organic wastes. Report of ad hoc panel of the advisory

committee on technology for international development commission on

international relations. National Research council. National Academy Press,

Washington, DC. Pp.10-15.

Manna, M, Singh, M., Kundu, S., Tripathi, A.K., Takkar, P. N.(1997). Growth and

reproduction of the vermicomposting earthworm Perionyx excavates as

influenced by food materials. Biol. Fertil. Soil. 24: Pp.129-132.

Mansell, G.P., Syers, J.K. and Greeg.P.E.H. (1981). Plant availability of phosphorus

in dead herbage ingested by surface – casting earthworms soil.

Biol.Biochem.13 : Pp.1633 – 1637.

Marschner H., Mineral nutrition of Higher Plants, Academic Press; London,

U.K.(1995.)

120

Martinez-Romero, E. (2001). Poblaciones de Rhizobia natives de Mexico. Acta Zool.

Mex. (n.s.) Numero Especial., 1: Pp .29-38.

Mascolo, A., Bovalo, F., Gionfriddo, F., Nardi, S., (1999) Earthworm humic matter

produces auxin like effects on Daucus carota cell growth and nitrogen

metabolism. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 31, Pp.1303-1313.

Maynard, A.A. (1995). Cumulative effect of annual additions of MSW compost on

the yield of field growth tomatoes. Compost Sci. Util. 3: Pp.47-54.

Maynard, L.A.Loosli, J.K.Hintz., H.F. and Warner, R.G. (1983). Animal nutrition,

Tata Mcrew – Hill Publishing Co Ltd., New Delhi.Pp.416-471.

Mba, CC., (1983). Utilization of Eudrilus eugeniae for disposal of cassava peel. In:

J.E. Satchel (Ed.) Earthworm Ecology: From Darwin to Vermiculture.

Chapman and Hall, London, Pp.315-321.

McInerney, M. & Bolger, T.( 2000.) Temperature, wetting cycles and soil texture

effects on carbon and nitrogen dynamics in stabilized earthworm casts. Soil

Biology & Biochemistry, 32, Pp 335-349.

Mishra, M.S., Rajani, K., Sahu-Sanjat, K., Padhy Rabindra, N. (2005). Effect of

vermicomposted municipal solid wastes on growth, yield and heavy metal

contents of rice (Oryza sativa). Fresenius Environ. Bull. 14: Pp.584-590.

Mitchell, A., (1997). Production of Eisenia fetida and vermicompost from feed-lot

cattle manure. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 29, Pp.763-766.

Mitchell. (1988) Journal of Environmental quality 9, Pp 373-378.

Mitra, A. (1997). Vermciculture and vermicompsoting of non toxic solid waste

applications in aquaculture, in Proc. Int. bioethics workshop in Madras:

Biomanagment of biogeoresources, ed. J. Azariah et al., (University of

Madras, Chennai).

121

Munnoli, P.M. (1998). A study on management of orgnanic solid waste of agro based

industries through vermiculture biotechnology. ME thesis, TIET Patiala, India,

Pp.11-30.

Munnoli, P.M. (2007). Mangment of industrial organic solid wastes through

vermiculture biotechnology with special reference to microorganisms. Ph.D

thesis, Goa University, India, Pp.1-334 .

Munnoli, P.M., Arora, J.K., Sharma, S.K. (2000). Orgnaic waste management through

vermiculture: A case study of Pepsi Food Channoo Punjab. In: Jana BB,

Banarjee R.D., Guterstam, B., Heeb, J. (Eds.) Waste Resource Recycling in

the Developing World, Sapana Printing Works, Kolkatta, Pp.203-208.

Nakasone A.K., Bettiol W., de Souza R. M., (1999) The effect of water extracts of

organic matter on plant pathogens, Summa Phytopathologica, 25, Pp.330- 335.

Nechitaylo, T.Y. Yakimov, M.M., Gudinho, M., Timmis, K.N., Belogolova, E.,

Byzov, B.A., Kurakov, A.V., Jones, D.L., Golyshin, P.N. (2010). Effect of the

earthworms Lumbicus terrestris and Aporretodea caliginosa on bacterial

diversity in soil. Microbial Ecology 59(3), Pp.574-587.

Nethra, N.N., Jayaprasad, K.V., Kale, R.D., (1999). China aster (Callistephus

chinensis (L.) Ness) cultivation using vermicompost as organic amendment.

Crop Research, 17 (2), Pp 209-215.

Neuhauser, E.F., Malechki, M.R and Loehr, R.C (1984). Growth and reproduction of

the earthworm Eisenia fetida after exposure to sublethal concentration of

metals. Pediobiologia. 27: 89-87.

Nielson R L, (1965) Presence of plant growth substances in earthworms demonstrated

by paper

Nijhawan, S.D. and Kanwar. J.S. (1952). Physico-chemical properties of earthworm

casting and their effect on the productivity of soil.J.Indian Soc.Soil.Sci., 22 :

Pp. 357-372.

122

Noor, S., A.T.M. Farid, N.C. Shil and A.K.M. Hossain, (2002). Integrated nutrient

management for cauliflower. Bangladesh J. Environ. Sci., 8: Pp.25-30.

Orlikowski, L.B., (1999)Vermicompost extract in the control of some soil borne

pathogens. International Symposium on Crop Protection, 64, Pp.405-410.

Opperman M.H., Mc Bain, and Wood,M.(1987).Movement of cattle slurry through

soil by E.fetida soil Biol .Biochem. 19:Pp.741-745

Pandey, B.P. (1982). Taxonomy of angiosperms (S. Chand and Company, New

Delhi).

Parkin, T., Berry, E. (1994). Nitrogen transformations associated with earthworm

casts. Soil Biol. Biochem. 26: Pp.1233- 1238.

Parle J N, (1963 a) Microorganisms in the intestines of earthworms. J Gen Microbial

31: Pp.1-13.

Parle J N, (1963 b) A microbilogical study of earthworm casts. J Gen Microbial 31:

Pp.13-23.

Pathak R. K., Ram R. A., Manual on Jai Octochaetidae: Oligochaeta vic Krishi,

Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Rehmankhera, P.O. Kokari,

Lucknow-227107, (2004) vol.24, Pp.31-32.

Perucci, P., (1990). Effect of the addition of municipal solid-waste compost on

microbial biomass and enzyme activities in soil. Biol. Fertil. Soils., 10:

Pp.221.

Pierace, T.G. (1972). The calcium relation of selected Lumbricidae. Journal of

Animal Ecology., 41 : Pp.167 – 185.

Ramalingam, R and Thilagar, M. (2000). Bioconversion of Agrowaste sugarcane trash

using an Indian epigeic earthworm Perionyx excavatus (Perrier). Ind. J.

Environ. Ecoplan. 3(3): Pp 447-452.

123

Ramalingam, R. (1997). Studies on the life cycle, growth and population dynamics of

Lampito mauritii (Kinberg) and Eudrilus eugeniae (Kinberg) cultured in

different organic wastes and analysis of nutrient and microbes of

vermicompost. Ph.D Thesis submitted to Annamalai University, India.

Rangel, A., Thomas, R.J., Jimenez, J.J., Decaens, T.(1999) Nitrogen dynamics

associated with earthworm casts of Martiodrilus carimaguensis Jimenez and

Moreno in a Colombian savanna Oxisol. Pedobiologia,43(6), Pp.557-560.

Ranijasmin ,, Ushakumari, M. and sailaja kumar, (2003), Soil Application of

vermiwash on growth, yield and quality of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum

Mill.), Journal of Agricultural Resource Management, 2 (3 & 4): Pp.80-82.

Reddy, M.V. (1988). The effect of casts of Pheretima alexandri (Beddard) on the

growth of Vinca rosea, and Oryza sativa L. In: Edwards, C.A., Neuhauser, E.

(Eds.), Earthworms in Waste and Environmental Management. SPB Academic

Press, The Hague, The Netherlands, pp Pp.241-248.

Reddy, M.V., Balashouri, P., Kirankumar, V.P., Logle, A.C., Rao, K.P.C. and

Rao,K.V (1994). Sorghum plant growth in relation to earthworm casting

activity in semi-arid tropical alfisoils. In : Soil biota management in

sustainable farming systems. (Ed.), Fankkurst, C.E. CSIRO, Australia. Pp.

127-128.

Reddy. M.V. and Dutta, M. (1984). Comparative study of some chemical properties

of earthworm cast, termitemould and Ant-gallery materials in relation to the

underlying soils of a tropical agro-ecosystem. J.Soil, Biol. Ecol.,4(1):Pp.36-40.

Reinecke, A., Viljoen, S.A. Saayman, R.J. (1992). The suitability of Eudrlus

eugeniae, Perionyx excavates and Eisenia fetida (Oligocheeta) for

vermicomposting in Southern Asia in terms of their temperature requirements.

Soil Biol. Biochem. 24: Pp.1295-1307.

Reinecke, S.A., Pieters, R.( 1998). The morphology of vermicomposting earthworm

Perionyx excavates (Oligochaeta). J. Zool. 33: Pp.166-171.

124

Rodriguez, J.A., Zavaleta, E., Sanchez, P. & Gonzalez, H. (2000). The effect of

vermicompost on plant nutrition, yield and incidence of root and crown rot of

gerbera (Gerbera jamesoni H Bolus). Fitopathologia, 35. Pp.66 -79.

Ruschmann, G. (1953). Antibiosis and symbiosis of soil organisms and their

significance in soil fertility. Earthworm symbiosis and antibiosis. Z. Acker.

Pfbau. 96: Pp.201-218.S. R. Khambata and J. V. Bhat, (1957)“A contribution

to the study of the intestinal microflora of Indian earthworms,” Archives of

Microbiology, vol. 28, no. 1, Pp.69–80,

Russel, E.J. (1909). The effect of Earthworm on soil producitity, J.Agric. Sci, 3 (11)

: Pp. 246-257.

Saikia, M., D.J. Rajkhowa and M. Saikia, (1998). Effect of planting density and

vermicompost on yield of potato raised from seeding tubers. J. Indian Potato

Assoc., 25(3-4): Pp.141-142.

Saleh, J., 2008. Yield and chemical composition of ‘Piarom’ date palm as affected by

levels and methods of iron fertilization. International Journal of Plant

Production: 2 (3), Pp.207-214.

Satchell, J.E. 1984. Earthworm ecology-From Darwin to vermiculture (Chapman and

Hall, London). Pp.1-495.

Scheu, S. (1991). Mucus excretion and carbon turnover of endogeic earthworms. Biol.

Fertil. Soil, 12: Pp.217-220.

Selvakumar, S and Umamaheswari, S. (2003). Physicochemical and microbial

characteristics of vermicompost produced by Eudrilus engeniae, kinberg with

note on their fecundity in vegetable waste. M.Sc. Thesis submitted to Periyar

University, Pp. 60.

Senapati, B.K., (1992.) Vermitechnology: An option for recycling cellulosic waste in

India. In: New Trends in Biotechnology. Oxford and IBH Publications Pvt.

Co. Ltd. Calcutta., Pp: 347-358.

125

Sensi, N., T.M. Miano and G. Brunetti, (1996). Humic-like substances in organic

Amendments and Effect of Native soil humic substances. In: Humic

substances in Terrestrial Ecosystem (ed. A. Piccolo). Elsevier Science.,

Pp.531-593.

Sharma.N. (1986). Recycling of organic wastes through earthworms for crop growth.

Ph.D. Thesis submitted to Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi.

Shield, Earl B., (1982) Raising Earthworms for Profit. Shields Publication. P.O. Box

669 Eagle River Wisconsin Pp.128.

Shuxin, L., Dezhong, X.and Debing, W. (1991). Studies on the effect of earthworms

on the fertility of red – arid soil. In : Advances in management and

conservation of soil fauna, (Eds.), Veerasg, G.K.Rajagopal, D. and

Viraktmath, C.A. Oxford & IBH publishing Co.Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, Pp :

543 – 546.

Shweta, A. K., Yadav, Kiran Kumar and Mamata Sherma., (2004), Vermiwash – A

liquid biofertilzier. U. P. J. Zool., 25 (1) : Pp.25-26.

Sims, J.T. 1990. Nitrogen mineralization and elemental availability in soils amended

with cocomposted sewage sludge. Journal of Environmental Quality, 19 (4),

Pp.669- 675.

Singh C.P. (1987) Preparation of High grade Compost by an enrichment on organic

matter decomposition. Journal of Biol. Agric. & Hort., 5: 41-49.

Singleton, D.R., P.F. Hendrix, D.C. Coleman and W.B. Whitman, (2003).

Identification of uncultured bacteria tightly associated with the intestine of the

earthworm Lumbricus rubellus (Lumbricidae: Oligochaeta). Soil Biol.

Biochem., 35: Pp.1547-1555.

Sipolo seydou coulibaly (2010) .Influence of animal wastes on growth and

reproduction of the African Earthworm species Eudrilus eugeniae .European

Journal of soil Biology -46- Pp (225-229)

126

Sivasubramanian, K. and Ganeshkumar, M., (2004) Influence of vermiwash on the

biological productivity of marigold. Madras Agric. J., , 91, Pp.221–225.

Sosamma K .O, (1998) Studies on bioprocessing of organic solid wastes applying

vermitech and the efficacy of vermicompost and vermiwash in soil fertility,

Ph.D. Thesis, M.G. University, Kerala, India, Pp 110,

Springett, J.A., Syers, J.K.( 1979). The effect of earthworm casts on ryegrass

seedlings. In; T.K. Crosby and R.P. Pottinger (eds). Proceedings 2nd

Australasian Conference on Grassland Invertebrate Ecology. Pp.44-47.

Government Printer, Wellington.

Srinivasarao, Ch., Wani, S.P., Sahrawat, K.L., Rego, T.J., Pardhasaradhi, G., (2008).

Zinc, boron and sulphur deficiencies are holding back the potential of rainfed

crops in semi-arid India: Experiences from participatory watershed

management. International Journal of Plant Production 2 (1), Pp.89-99.

Stark, N., Pawlowski, P., Bodmer, S. (1978). Quality of earthworm castings and the

use of compost on arid soils. In: R. Hartenstein (ed) Utilization of soil

organisms in sludge management. Natl. Tach. Inf. Service, PB 286932.

Springfield, Virginia, Pp.87-102.

Stockdill. S.M. 1 (1982) Effects of introduced earthworms on the productivty of

New Zealand pastures. Pedobiologia, 24 : Pp – 29 – 35.

Sundaravadivel S.(1998 ), Vermitech – A potential technology for soil management

and productivity, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Madras, Pp.105, .

Suthar, S. (2008). Microbial and decomposition efficiencies of monoculture and

polyculture vermireactors based on epigic and anecic earthworms. World

Journal of Microbial Technology, 24, Pp.1471-1479.

Suthar, S., (2006). Effect of vermicompost and inorganic fertilizer on wheat (Triticum

aesticum) production. Nature, Environment & Pollution Technology, 5 (2),

Pp.197-201.

127

Suthar, S., (2008a.) Earthworm communities a bioindicator of arable land

management practices: A case study in semi arid region of India. Ecological

Indicators. Dio:10.1016/j.ecolind.2008.08.002.

Suthar, S., (2008b). Bioremediation of aerobically treated distillery sludge mixed with

cow dung by using an epigeic earthworm Eisenia fetida. Environmentalist 28,

Pp.76 – 84

Suthar, S., 2007. Nutrient changes and biodynamics of epigeic earthworm Perionyx

excavatus (Perrier) during recycling of some agricultural wastes. Bioresource

Technology 98, Pp 1608-1614.

Suthar, S., Choyal, R., Singh, S., Sudesh., (2005). Stimulatory effect of earthworm

body fluid (vermiwash) on seed germination and seedling growth of two

legumes. Journal of Phytological Research, 18(2), Pp.219-222.

Swaby, R.J. (1949). The influence of earthworms on soil aggregation. J.Soil sci., 1 (2)

: Pp. 195 – 197.

Szczech M., Rondomanski W., Brzeski M.W., Smolinska U. Kotowski, J.F., (1993)

Suppressive effect of a commercial earthworm compost on some root infecting

pathogens of cabbage and tomato, Biological Agriculture & Horticulture, 10,

Pp 47-52.

Szczeck, M.M. (1999). Suppressiveness of vermicompost against Fusarium wilt of

tomato. J. Phytopathol (Berl). 147: Pp.155-161.

Tejada, M., Gonzalez, J. L., Hernandez, M. T. and Garcia, L., (2008,) Agricultural

use of leachates obtained from two different vermincomposting processes.

Bioresour. Technol. 99, Pp.6228–6232.

Thangavel, P., Balagurunathan, R., Divakaran, J. and Prabakaran, J., Effect of

vermiwash and vermicast extract on soil nutrients, growth and yield of paddy.

Adv. Plant Sci., (2003), 16, Pp.187–190.

128

The Institue of Natural Organic Agricultural (INORA) in Pune, Rajendran (1994) also

advocates the use of surface worms because they consume all types of garbage

and multiply quickly

Tinn, G, Brussaard, L, Kang, B. T. (1995) Breakdown of plant residues under humid

trophical conditions by Eudrilus eugeniae.Soil Biol. Biochem.22:Pp.277-280.

Tisdale, J.M. and J.M. Oades, (1982). Organic matter and water-stable aggregates in

soil. J. Soil Sci., 33: Pp.141.

Tinov A. V and S. Scheu,( 2004). “Carbon availability controls the growth of

detritivores (Lumbricidae) and their effect on nitrogen mineralization,”

Oecologia, vol. 138, no. 1, Pp. 83–90,

Tiwari, S.C. and Mishra, R.R.( 1993). Fungal abundance and diversity in the

earthworm casts in uningested soil. Biol. Fertil. Soil. 16: Pp.131-134.

Tiwari, S.C. B.K. and Mishra, R.R. (1989). Microbial populations, enzyme activities

and nitrogen-phosphorus- potassium enrichment in earthworm casts and in the

surrounding soil of pineapple plantation. Biol. Fertil. Soils. 8: 178-182.

Todkari, M., (2001), Effect of vermiwash prepared by two methods on growth

characteristics, yield and nutrition of three flowering plants. M. Sc. (Agri.)

Thesis, B.S.K.K.V., Dapoli (India).

Tomar, V.K., R.K. Bhatnagar and R.K. Palta, (1998.) Effect of vermicompost on

production of brinjal and carrot. Bhartiya Krishi Anusardhar Patrika., 13(3-4):

Pp.153-156.

Tomati U., Gallii E., Earthworms soil fertility and plant productivity, Acta Zoologica

Fennica. (1995 ) -196: Pp.11-14.

Tomati, U., Grappelli, A., Galli, E., (1987). The presence of growth regulators in

earthworm-worked wastes. In: Bonvicini Paglioi, A.M., Omodeo, P. (Eds.),

On Earthworms. Proceeding of International Symposium on Earthworms.

Selected Symposia and Monographs. Unione Zoologica Italiana, 2, Mucchi,

Modena, Pp.423- 435.

129

Tondon, E.J., (1998). Effect of coffee residues on growth and reproduction of

Hyperiodrilus africanus (Oligochaeta, Eudrilidae) in Ivory Coast. Biology and

Fertility of Soils 26, Pp 336-340.

Tripathi, G.,Bhardwaj, P., (2004). Comparative studies on biomass production, life

cycles and composting efficiency of Eisenia fetida (Savigny) and Lampito

mauritii (Kinberg). Bioresource Technology 92, Pp. 275-283.

Umamaheswari S., Viveka S., Vijaylakshmi G. S., Indigenous vermiwash collecting

device, The Hindu, Jul. 17, 0.1-2003

Valle-Molinares, R., S. Borges and C. Rios-Velazquez, (2007). Characterization of

possible symbionts in Onychochaeta borincana (Annelida: Glossoscolecidae).

Eur. J. Soil Biol., 43:Pp.14-18.

Vasanthi.K., Chairman, K., J.S.Michael., A. Kalirajan and A.J.A.Ranjt singh, (2011)

Enhancing Bioconversion efficiency of Earth worm Eudrilus eugeniae (king

berg) by fortifying the filter mud vermin bed using an organic nutrient –

Journal of Biological Sciences,11(1): Pp.(18-22)

Villar, M.C. Beloso, M.C. Acea, M.J. Cabaneiro, A. Gonzalez-Prieto, S.J. Carballas,

M. Diaz-Ravina,M.Carballas,T.(1993). Physical and chemical characterization

of four composted urban refuses. Bioresource Technology,45(2),Pp.105-113.

Waksman S A, and Martin J P, (1939 ) The conservation of the soil Science NY 90:

Pp.304-305.

Watanabe, H., (1975). On the amount of cast production by the Megascolecid

earthworm Pheretima hypiensism, Pedobiologia, 15: Pp.20-28.

Winding, A., R. Rohn and N.B. Hendriksen, (1997) Bacteria and protozoa in soil

microhabitats as affected by earthworm. Biol. Fertil. Soils, 24, Pp133-140.

Yadav A. K., Kumar K., Singh S., Sharma M.,(2005) Vermiwash- A liquid

biofertilizer, Uttar Pradesh J. of Zoology, 25(1) Pp.97-99.

Yawalkar K.S., Bokde J.P., (1981). Horticultural Publishing Home, Nagpur India.

130

Zaller, J. G.,(2006 )Foliar spray of vermicompost extracts: effects on fruit quality and

indications of late-blight suppression on field grown tomatoes. Biol. Agric.

Hortic.,, 24, Pp.165–180.

Zhang, H., Schrader, S. (1993). Earthworm effects on selected physical and chemical

properties of soil aggregates. Biol. Fertil. Soils. 15: Pp.229-234.

Zraherskii, A.I (1957). Dozhdevye Cherri Kak fakto plodorodiya lesnyki pochv,

Kiew.