REFERENCES - Shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/.../23354/14/14_references.pdf · 2018-07-09 ·...
Transcript of REFERENCES - Shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/.../23354/14/14_references.pdf · 2018-07-09 ·...
104
REFERENCES
Abbasi,S.A.,Ramasamy, E.V. (1999) Anaerobic digestion of high solid waste, in Proc.
Eighth Symp Environment (IGCAR, Kalpakkam, India)P p.220-224.
Abbot, I., Parker, C.A. (1981). Interactions between earthworms and their soil
environment. Soil Biol. Biochem. 13: Pp.191-197.
Adams, P.,(1986). Mineral Nutrition. In The tomato crop, Artherton, J.G and
Rudish, J (Ed) Chapman and Hall Ltd. Pp.281-324.
Aina .,P.O. (1984) Contribution of Earthworms to porosity and water infiltration
in a tropical soil forest and long term cultivation pedobiologia,26: Pp131-136
Aira, M., Monroy, F., Dominguez, J., Mato, S., (2002). How earthworm density
affects microbial biomass and activity in pig manure. European Journal of
Soil Biology, 38, Pp.7-10.
Al-DahmaniJ.H., Abbasi P.A., Miller S.A., Hoitink H.A.J., (2003) Suppression of
bacterial spot of tomato with foliar sprays of compost extracts under green
house and field conditions, Plant Disease 87,Pp. 913-919.
Anand J. A., a)Wilson M. D. P., Kale R. D.,(1995 )Effect of vermiwash on seed
germination and seedling growth, J. Soil Biol. Ecol. 15: Pp.90-95.
Anand, S. and K.S. Krishnappa, (1988). Effect of different level of N and K on
growth, yield and quality of potato in sandy loam soil. Mysore J. Agril. Sci.,
22(4):Pp.483-488
Anderson,C.,and Laursen,J.,(1982) Distribution of heavy metals in Lumbricus
terrestris,Apparecto longa,A.rosea measured by atomic absourption and X-
ray fluorescent spectroscopy pedobiologia , 24;Pp.347-356
Ansari .A.A (2008 a). Effect of Vermicompost and Vermiwash on the Productivity of
Spinach (Spinacia oleracea), Onion (Allium cepa) and Potato (Solanum
tuberosum). World J. Agric. Sci., 4(5): Pp.554-557.
105
Ansari. A.A b) (2008b). Effect of Vermicompost on the productivity of Potato
(Solanum tuberosum), Spinach (Spinach oleracea) and Turnip (Brassica
campestris). World J. Agric. Sci., 4(3): Pp.333-336.
Ansari A.A, Vermitech (2002)– A potential technology for reclamation of sodic soil,
Ph.D. Thesis, University of Madras
Anwar, M.N., M.S. Huq, S.K. Nandy and M.S. Islam, (2001). Effect of N, P, K, S and
Mo on growth and curd yield of broccoli in gray terrace soil. Bangladesh J.
Agril. Res., 26(4): Pp.549-555.
Arancon, N. Q., Edwards, C.A., Atiyeh, R.M., Metzger, T.D. (2004a). Effect of
vermicomposts produced from food waste on the yields of greenhouse
peppers. Bioresour. Technol. 93: Pp.139-144.
Arancon, N. Q., Edwards, C.I., Bierman, P., Welch, C., Metzger, T.D. (2004b).
Influence of vermicomposts on field strawberries: 1. Effect on growth and
yields. Bioresour. Technol. 93: Pp.145-153.
Arancon, N.Q., Edwards, C.A., Bierman, P., Metzger, J.D., Lee, S., Welch, C.,
(2003). Effects of vermicomposts on growth and marketable fruits of field-
grown tomatoes, peppers and strawberries: The 7th international symposium
on earthworm ecology, Cardiff, Wales, 2002. Pedobiologia 47, pp.731-735.
Ash, C.P.I and Lee, W.P. (1980). Lead, Cadmium, Copper and iron in earthworms
from roadside site Environ. Pollut. 22 : Pp.59-67.
Asiegbu, J.E. and S. Oikeh, (1995). Evaluation of chemical composition of manures
from different organic wastes and their potential for supply of nutrients to
tomato in a tropical Ultisol. Biological Agric. Hort., 12: Pp.47-60.
Atiyeh, R.M., Arancon, N.Q., Edwards, C.A., Metzger, J.D., (2000.) Influence of
earthworm-processed pig manure on the growth and yield of green house
tomatoes. Bioresource Technology, 75, Pp.175-180.
106
Atiyeh, R.M., Dominguez, J., Subler, S., Edwards, C.A., (2000). Changes in
biochemical properties of cow manure during processing by earthworms
(Eisenia andrei Bouché) and the effects on seedling growth. Pedobiologia 44,
Pp.709-724.
Atiyeh,R.M., Edwards, C.A., Subler, S., Metzger, J.D., (2001). Pig manures
vermicompost as a component of a horticultural bedding plant medium: effects
on physiochemical properties and plant growth. Bioresource Technology, 78,
Pp.11-20.
Ayala, S., Prakasa Rao, E.V.S., (2002). Perspectives of soil fertility management with
a focus on fertilizer use for crop productivity. Current Science, 82 (7), Pp.797-
807.
Azad, A.K., (2000.) Effects of plant spacing, source of nutrients and mulching or
growth and yield of Cabbage. M.S. Thesis. Dept. of Hort., Bangladesh Agril.
Univ. Mymensingh., Pp.15-40.
Balamurugan, V., Gobi, M and Vijayalakshmi, G.S. (1999). Comparative studies on
degradation of pressmud using cellulolytic fungi and exotic species of
earthworm with and note on its gut microflora. Asian Jr. of Biotech and Env.
Scie. Vol.No (3-4): Pp. 131-134
Balamurugan, V. (2002). Physico-chemical and microbial perspectives of
vermicompost produced by Eisenia foetida, Savigny, Eudrilus eugeniae,
Kinberg and Lampito mauritii, Kinberg with a note on their fecundity and
growth studies in ten different organic wastes. Ph.D thesis submitted to
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, India. Bangalore., Pp.88.
Barly K.P. and Jenning A.C.( 1959 )Aust.J Agric.Res., 10, Pp.364-370.
Barle ,K.P.(1961) Abandance of earthworms in agricultural land and their
Possible significance in agriculture.Adv.Agron.13Pp.249-268.
107
Barois, I. and Lavelle, P. (1986). Changes in respiration rate and some physico-
chemical properties of a tropical soil during transport through Pontoscolex
corethrurus (Glossescolecidae, Oligochaeta). Soil Biol. Biochem. 18: Pp.
539-541.
Basker, A., Macgregor, A.N., Kirman, J.H.( 1993). Exchangable potassium and other
cations in non ingested soil and cast of two species of pasture earthworms. Soil
Biol. Biochem. 25: Pp.1673-1677.
Bassalik, K. (1913). On silicate decomposition by soil bacteria. Z. Garungs- physiol.
2: Pp.1-32.
Benik, P., Bejbaruah, R., (2004) Effect of vermicompost on rice (Oryza sativa) yield
and soil-fertility status of rainfed humid sub-tropics. Indian Journal of
Agriculture Sciences 74(9), Pp.488-491.
Bhandari G.S. Randhawa, N.S. and Maskina. M.S. (1967). On the polysacharide
content of earthworm casts. Curr.Sci. 36 ; Pp.519 – 520.
Bhat ,J.V Khambata S.R., Maya, G. B Sastry, C. A . Iyer, R. V and Iyer,V
(1960)“Effect of earthworms on the microflora of the soil,” Indian Journal of
Agricultural Science, vol. 30, no. 2, Pp.106–114,
Bhatnagar., R.K. and Palta., R.K. (1996). “Earthworm : Vermiculture and
Vermicomposting”, 1st Edition, Kalyani Publication, New Delhi, Pp.73-74,
77, 80
Bhawalkar, U.S. (1996). Biconversion of organic residues. Ph.D Thesis, IIT Bombay,
Mumbai
Bieri, M. 2002. Sustainable waste treatment as resource management in Ethio forum
conference (Ethiopian Social Rehabilitation and Development Fund,
Rueschilikon).
108
Blair, J.M.Parnelce, R.W., Allen, M.F., Maccartney, D.A and Stinner, B.R (1997).
Changes in soil Nitrogen pools in response to earthworm population
manipulations in Agroecosystems with different nitrogen sources. Soil.Biol
Biochem. 29: Pp. 361-367.
Bongkyoon, K., (2004). Effect of vermicompost on growth of fall-cropping potato in
volcanic ash soil. Korean J. Crop. Sci., 49(4): Pp.305-308.
Borowski, E. (1995). Response of tomatoes to NO3-N or NH4-N applied to sand,
loam, and soil substrate. Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, 3,
Pp.111-118.
Bouche, M.B. (1983). Ecophysiologie des lombriciens : acquies recents et
perpectives. In : New Trends in soil Biology, (Eds) Lebrun,py., Andri, H.M.,
Medts, A.de., Gregorie wibo, C and Wauthy.G., Dieu – Brichart, Louvain-la-
Neuve, Pp.321-333.
Brown, G.G., I. Barois and P. Lavelle, (2000). Regulation of soil organic matter
dynamics and microbial activity the drilosphere and the role interactions. Eur.
J. Soil Biol., 38: Pp.177-198.
Buchanan, M.A., Russell, G., Block, S.D. (1988). Chemical characterization and
nitrogen mineralization potential of vermicompost derived from differing
organic wastes. In: Edwards, C.A., Neuhauser, E. (Eds.), Earthworms in
Waste and Environmental Management. SPB Academic Press, The Hague,
The Netherlands, Pp.231-239.
Buckerfield J. C., Flavel T., Lee K. E., Webster K. A.,(1999) Vermicompost soil and
liquid form as plant growth promoter, Pedobiologia, 42: Pp.753-759.
Byzov, B.A., N.V. Khomyakov, S.A. Kharin and A.V. Kurakov, (2007). Fate of soil
bacteria and fungi in the gut of earthworms. Eur. J. Soil Biol. 43: Pp.146-156.
Chandrabose, M.S., Natarajan, S and Selvakumari, G (1988). Methods of Soil
analysis Book world publications, Pp. 1-102.
109
Chakrabarti,K., Zaidi, A and Barrari, S. (1998). Compost for container nursery. A
West Bengal experience, Indian Forester, Pp. 17-30.
Chan P.L.S., Griffiths D.A. (1988) Biological wastes. 24: Pp.57-69.
Chowdeppa, P, Biddappa, C.C, Sujatha, S. (1999). Effective recycling of organic
waste in arecanut (Areca ctechu L) and cocoa (Theombrome cacoa L)
plantation through vermicomposting. Indian J Agric Sci. 69: Pp.563-566.
Coleman, D.C., Reid, C.P.P. and Cole C.V. (1983) Biological Strategies of nutrient
cycling in soil systems. Advances in Ecological Research, 13 : Pp. 1-55.
Collins, C.H and Lyne, P.M (1983). Microbiological methods . 5th
ed. Butterworth
and Co, London, Pp. 5,89.
Collier, J. (1978) Use of earthworms in sludge lagoons. In: R. Hartenstein (ed)
Utilization of soil organisms in sludge management. Natl. Tech. Inf. Service,
PB286932. Springfield, Virginia, Pp.131-133.
Compost Microbiology and the Soil Food Web (2008) Retrieved on January 5, 2008,
from <http://www.ciwmb.ca.gov/publications/Organics/>.conservation society
(ed. C.A. Ed wards). Ankeny, Iowa., Pp.355-376.
Cuevas, V.C., Samulde, S.M and Pajaro, P.G (1988). Trichoderma harzanium Rifai as
activator for rapid composting of agricultureal wastes. Philipp Agric 71(4):
461-469.
Curry, J. P., Byrne, D. (1992). The role of earthworms in straw decomposition and
nitrogen turnover in arable land in Greenland. Soil Biol. Biochem. 24:
Pp.1409-1412.
Daniel, O. and Anderson, J.M.( 1992). Microbial biomass and activity in contrasting
soil material after passage through the gut of the earthworm Lumbricus
rubellus. Hoffmeister. Soil Biol. Biochem. 24: Pp.465-470.
Davidson, S.K and D.A. Stahl, (2006). Transmission of Nephridial bacterial of the
earthworm Eisenia fetida. Applied Environ. Microbio.72:Pp. 769-775.
110
Darwin, C.R. (1881), “The Formation of Vegetable Mould through the Action of
Worms with Observations on Their Habits”, Murray, London, Pp.298-299.
Dash, M.C and Patra, U.C (1977). Density, Biomass and Energy budget of a tropical
earthworm population from a grassland site in Orissa, India. Rev.Ecol. Biol.
Soil.14: Pp. 461-471.
Dash, M.C and Patra, U.C (1979). Wormcast production and Nitrogen avalilability of
soil, by a tropical earthworm population from a grassland site in Orissa.
Rev.Ecol. Biol, 16:Pp. 79-83.
Deolalikar, A.V. Mitra, A. (1997).Application of paper mill solid waste vermicompst
as organic manure in rohu (Labeo rohita, Hamilton) culture- A comparative
study with other commercial organic manure, in Proc. Int bioethics workshop:
Biomanagement of biogeoresources, Ed. J. Azariah et al (University of
Madras, Chennai).
Dominguez, I., Edwards, C.A., Ashby, I., (2001). The biology and population
dynamics of Eudrilus eugeniae (Kinberg) (Oligochaeta) in cattle waste solids.
Pedobiologia 45, Pp. 341-353.
Dong, A., G. Chester and G.V. Simsiman, (1983). Soil dispersibility. J. Soil Sci.,136:
208.
Doube, B.M. and Brown, G.G. (1998) Life in a complex community: functional
interactions between earthworms, organic matter, microorganisms, and plants.
In Earthworm Ecology (ed. C.A. Edwards). St. Lucie Press: Boca Raton,
Florida.
Edwards C.A. Burrows, Fletcher K.E. and Jones B.A. (1985) (Ed J.K.R. Gaser)
proceedings of a seminar in oxford 1984. Elsevier, London Pp. 229-242.
Edwards C.A.Bater, J.A., (1992). The use of earthworms in environmental
management. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Volume 24, Pp.1683 – 1689.
111
Edwards, C.A. (1981). Earthworms, soil fertility and plant growth. In: Applehof, M
(compiler), 1981. Workshop on the role of earthworms in the stabilization of
organic residues. Vol. 1, Proceedings. Beech Leaf Press. Kalamazoo,
Michigan. Pp.61-85.
Edwards, C.A. and Bohlen, P.J. (1996) Biology and Ecology of Earthworms. 3rd edn.
Chapman & Hall: London.
Edwards, C.A. and Lofty, J.R. (1977). Biology of earthworms. Chapman and Hall
Ltd., London. Pp: 333.
Edwards, C.A.(1995) Historical overview of vermicomposting.BioCycle,36(6):
Pp.56-58.
Edwards, C.A., Burrows, I., (1988). The potential of earthworm composts as plant
growth media. In: Edwards, C.A., Neuhauser, E. (Eds.), Earthworms in Waste
and Environmental Management. SPB Academic Press, The Hague, The
Netherlands, Pp.221- 232.
Edwards. C. A. and N. Q. Arancon (2004) “Interactions among organic matter,
earthworms and microorganisms in promoting plant growth,” in Soil Organic
Matter in Sustainable Agriculture, Pp.327–376,
Elliot, P.W., Knight, D., Anderson, J.M.( 1990). Denitrification in earthworm casts
and soil from pasture under different fertilizer and drainage regimes. Soil Biol.
Biochem. 22: 601-605.
Fokkema, N.J., (1993) Opportunities and problems of control of foliar pathogens with
microorganisms. Pesticide Science, 37, Pp.411-416.
Frederickson, J., Knight, D. (1988). The use of anaerobically digested cattle solids for
vermiculture. In: Edwards, C.A., Neuhauser, E. (Eds.), Earthworms in Waste
and Environmental Management. SPB Academic Press, The Hague, The
Netherlands, pp.33-47.
112
Fragoso, C and Lavelle, P (1992). Earthworm communities of tropical rain forests .
Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 24, Pp. 1397-1408.
Gajalakshmi, S, Ramasamy, E.V., Abbasi, S.A. (2001). Potential of two epigeic and
two anecic earthworm species in vermicomposting of water hyacinth.
Bioresour. Technol. 76: Pp 177-181.
Gajalakshmi, S., Abbasi, S.A. (2002). Effect of the application of water hyacinth
compost/vermicompost on the growth and flowering of Crossandra
undulaefole, and on several vetagbles, Bioresour. Technol,85: Pp.197-199.
Gajalakshmi, S., Abbasi, S.A. (2004a). Neem leaves as a source of fertilizer-fum-
pesticide vermicompost. Bioresour. Technol. 92: Pp.291-296.
Gajalakshmi, S., Abbasi, S.A., (2004b.) Vermiconversion of paper waste by
earthworm born and grown in the waste-fed reactors compared to the pioneers
raised to adulthood on cowdung feed. Bioresource Technology, 94. Pp.53-56.
Gajalakshmi, S., Ramasamy, E.V., Abbasi, S.A., (2001). Potential of two epigeic and
two anecic earthworm species in vermicomposting of water hyacinth.
Bioresource Technology 76, Pp.177-181.
Gajalakshmi, S., Ramasamy, E.V., Abbasi, S.A., (2001). Potential of two epigeic and
two anecic earthworm species in vermicomposting of water hyacinth.
Bioresource Technology 76, p Pp.177-181.
Gajalakshmi, S., Sankar Ganesh, P., Abbasi, S.A., (2005). A highly cost-effective
simplification in the design of fastpaced vermireactors based on epigeic
earthworms. Biochemical Engineering Journal 22, Pp.111-116.
Garg.V.K. and Renuka Gupta (2011) Optimization of cow dung spiked pre-
consumer processing vegetable waste for vermi-composting using Eisenia
foetida –Ecotoxicology and Environmental safety 74 Pp.(19-24)
Gavrilov K, (1962) Role of earthworms in the enrichment of soil by biologically
active substances. Voprosy Ekologii Vysshaya Shkola (Moscow ) 7 : 34.
113
Ghose, N., Basu, S. and Behra, N. (1989). Microfungi in the gut and cast of P.
millardi, a tropical earthworm. J. Soil Biol. Ecol. 9(1): Pp.40-45.
Ghosh, M, Chattopadhyay, G.N., Baral, K. (1999). Transformation of phosphorus
during vermicomposting. Bioresour. Technol. Pp.149-154.
Ghosh, N., Sumita Basu and Behera, N., (1989), Microfungi in the gut and cast of
Perionyx millardi, a tropical earthworm. J. Soil Biol. Ecol., 9: Pp.45-50
Giraddi, R.S,( 2007), Vermitechnologies (in Kannada), UAS and CAPART Pub.,
Dharwad, India.
Giraddi, R.S., Smitha, M.S. And Channappagoudar, B.B.,( 2003), Organic
amendments for the management of chilli (cv. Byadagi kaddi) insect pests and
their influence on crop vigour. Proceedings of National Seminar on
perspective in spices, Medicinal and Aromatic plants, ICAR Complex, Goa,
27-29 November 2003, Pp.361-365.
Goswani, B., Kalita, M.C., Talukdar, S.( 2001). Bioconversion of municipal solid
waste through vermicomposting. Asian J Microbiol. Biotechnol. Environ. Sci.
3: Pp.205-207.
Graff, O. (1971). Sticksoff, phosphor and Kalium in der Regenwurlosung auf der
Wiesen versuchsflache des Sollingprojekites. In: Ann.Zool Ecol.
Anim.Special.Publi., Paris. 4 : Pp.503-512.
Graff, O., Makeschin, F.(1980). Crop yield of rye-grass influenced by the excretions
of three earthworm species. Pedobiologia 20: Pp.176-180.
Grappelli A., Galli E. Tomati U., 987Earthworm casting effect on Agaricus bisporus
fructification, Agrochemica , 21, Pp.457-416.
Grundon , N.J.,(1980) Effectiveness of soil dressing and foliar spray of copper
sulphate in correcting copper deficiency of wheat (Triticum aestivum) in
Queensland. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture and Animal
Husbandry, 20, Pp.717-723.
114
Gunjal, S.S. and Nikam, T.B. (1992). Grape cultivation through earthworm farming.
In : Proc. of the National Seminar on Organic farming. Mahatma Phule
Krishi Vidyapeeth College of Agriculture. Punie, India Pp. 48 – 50.
Gutirréz-Miceli, F. A., García-Gómez, R. C., Rosales, R. R., Abud-Archila, M.,
Angela, O. L. M., Cruz, M. J. G. and Dendooven, L.,(2008 )Formulation of
liquid fertilizer for sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) using
vermicompost leachate. Bioresour. Technol., 99, Pp.6174–6180.
Haimi, J. and Huhta, V. (1990). Effects of earthworms on decomposition processes in
raw humus forests soil: a microcosm study. Biol. Fertil. Soils. 10: Pp.178-183.
Haimi, J., Huhta, V. 1987. Comparison of composts produced from identical wastes
by “vermistabilization” and conventional composting. Pedobiologia 30:
Pp.137-144.
Hand, P.Hyes, W.A., Satchell, J.E. and Frenkland, J.C. (1988). The Vermicomposting
of cow slurry. In Earthworms in waste and Enviornmental. Management
(Eds) Edwards. C.A. an Neuhauser. E.F.SPB Academic. The Hague. Pp.
49-63.
Handrek, K.A. (1986). Vermicomposts as components of potting media. Biocycle.
10/86: 58-62.
Hantenstein R., Bisesi, M.S.( 1989) Out look on Agricultural 18, Pp.3-7.
Haque, M.O., (2000). Effects of different fertilizer management practices on the
growth and yield of main and ratoon crop of cabbage. M. S. thesis, Dept. of
Hort., BAU, Mymensingh., Pp.96.
Hatenstein, R., Hartenstein, F. (1981). Physicochemical changes effected in activated
sludge by the earthworm Eisenia fetida. J. Environ. Qual. 10: Pp.377-382.
Haynes, R.J. and R.S. Swift, (1990). Stability of soil aggregates in relation to organic
constituents and soil water content. J. Soil Sci., Pp.41: 73.
115
Haynes, R.J., (1986). The Decomposition Process Mineralization, Immobilisation,
Humus Formation and Degradation. In: Mineral Nitrogen in the Plant-Soil
System (Haynes, R.J., Ed.), Academic Press, New York.
Haynes, R.J., Fraser, P.M., Tregurtha, R.J., Piercy, J.E. (1999). Size and activity of
the microbial biomass and N, S and P availability in EW casts derived from
arable and pastoral soil and arable soil amended with pant residues.
Pedobiologia, 43 (6), Pp.568-573.
Horn, M.A. Schramma, A., Draka, H. (2003). The earthworm gut: An ideal habitat for
ingested N2O producing microorganisms. Applied and Environmental
Microbiology 69, Pp.1662-1669.
Ireland, M.P. (1975). Metal Content of D.rubida (Oligocaeta) in a bares metamining
area Oikos, 26 : Pp.74-79.
Ireland, M.P. (1979). Metal accumulation by the earthworm Lumbricus rubellus,
D.Veneta and Eiseniella, tetraedra living in heavy metal polluted sites.
Environ. Pollut 13 : Pp. 201 – 206.
Ismail S A, (1994 a) Vemitech. The use of local species of earthworms in agriculture.
Changing villages. 13: Pp.27-31.
Ismail S A, (1994 b) Vermitech. Harnessing the earthworm for the benefit of
mankind. Wake up India 17: Pp.18-20.
Ismail S A, (1995 a) Vermitech for natural farming. Kisan World 22: Pp.27-28.
Ismail S A,(1994 c) Vermiculture in India. Organic Matters 17: Pp.23-28.
Ismail SA (2005). The Earthworm Book. Other India Press, Mapusa, Goa. Pp. 92.
Ismail SA,(1997a)Vermitechnology, Gujarat Agricultural University, Gujarat,
India,Pp.1-9
Ismail, S. A., (1997b), Vermicology, The biology of earthworms. Orient Logman
publishers, Chennai, India.
116
Ismail S A, (1997c)Vermicology The Biology of earthworms.Orient Longman India
92 pp.
Jagdish Nazareth (1994). Micronutrient fortified compost. ILEIA, News letter.
October, 10(3): Pp.18-19.
Jain, K., Singh, J., Gupta, S.K., (2003). Development of a modified vermireactor for
efficient vermicomposting: a laboratory study. Bioresource Technology 90,
Pp.335-337.
Jambhekar, H.A. (1992) Use of earthworms as a potential source to decompose
organic wastes.Proceedings of the National Seminar on organic farming.
Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, College ofAgriculture, Pune,Pp.52–53.
Jamieson, B.G.M. (1981). The Ultrastructure of the oligochaeta. Academic Press.
London.
Jayakumar.M., V. Karthikeyan, and N. Karmegam,( 2009). “Comparative studies on
physico-chemical, microbiological and enzymatic activities of vermicasts of
the earthworms, Eudrilus eugeniae, Lampito mauritii and Perionyx
ceylanensis cultured in press mud,” International Journal of Applied
Agricultural Research, vol. 4, Pp.75–85,
Joshi, N.V., Kelkar, B. (1951). The role of earthworms in soil fertility. Indian J Agric.
Sci. 22: Pp .189-196.
Kabir, H.T., (1998). Effect of sources of nutrients on yield and quality of cabbage. M.
S. Thesis. Dept. of Hort., Bangladesh Agril. Univ. Mymensingh., Pp.13-39.
Kadir, M.A., (2002). Effect of different nutrients on growth and yield of broccoli. M.
S. Thesis. Dept of Hort. BAU, Mymensingh., Pp.25-35.
Kale RD (1998a). Earthworm Cinderella of Organic Farming. Prism Book Pvt Ltd,
Banglore, India. Pp.88.
Kale, R.D.,( 1998)B). Earthworms: Nature’s Gift Utilization of Organic Wastes. In:
Soil and Water.
117
Kale, R.D. and Bano, K. (1986). Field trails with vermicompost (Vee com. E. 83
Vas) and organic fertilizer. Proc. Nat. Sem. Org waste, utilize. Vermicom.
Part. B : Verms and Vermicomposting. (Eds.) Dash, M.C., Senapathi, B.K.
and Mishra, P.C. Pp : 151 – 156.
Kale, R.D., Bano, K., Krishnamoorthy, R.V. (1982). Potential of Perionyx excavates
for utilizing organic wastes. Pedobiologia, 23; Pp.419-425.
Kale. R.D.Seenappa, S.N. and Jagannatha Rao, C.B. (1994). Sugar factory refuse for
the production of vermicompost and worm bioness. 5th
int.symp. Eartworm,
Ohio university, Columbus, U.S.A.
Kang, B.T., Akinnifesi, F.K. and Pleysier (1994). Effect of agro forestry woody
species on earthworm activity and physicochemical properties of worm cast.
Biol. Fertil. Soils. 18 Pp.193 – 199.
Kaplan, D.L. and Hartenstein, R. (1980). Decomposition of lignins by
microorganisms soils, Biol. Biochem., 12 : Pp.65-75.
Karmegam and T. Daniel, (2000) “Selected physico-chemical characteristics and
microbial populations of the casts of the earthworm, Pontoscolex corethrurus
(Muller) and surrounding soil in an undisturbed forest floor in Sirumalai Hills,
South India,” Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and
Environmental Sciences, vol. 2, Pp.231–234,.
Karuna K., Patil C. R., Narayanswamy P. Kale R. D.(1999), Stimulatory effect of
earthworm body fluid (vermiwash) on crinkle red variety of Anthurium
andreanum lind, Crop. Res. 17(2): Pp.253-257.
Kavian, M. F. (1997). Biotechnological and Microbiological aspects of vermiculture.
Ph.D. Thesis. University of Bombay, Mumbai.
Kavian, M.F., and Ghatnekar, S.D. (1991). Biomanagement of dairy effluent using
culture of Red earthworms (lumbricus rubellus). Ibid. 11 (9) : Pp.680 – 682.
118
Khan,A.W. (1966). Earthworms of West Pakistan and their utility in soil
improvement, Agric. Pak. 17: Pp.192-197.
Khambata, R and J. V. Bhat, (1957)“A contribution to the study of the intestinal
microflora of Indian earthworms,” Archives of Microbiology, vol. 28, no. 1,
Pp.69–80,
Krishnamoorthy, R.V., Vajranabhaian, S.N., (1986). Biological activity of earthworm
casts. An assessment of plant growth promotes or levels in the casts.
Proceedings of Indian Academy of Sciences (Animal Science), 95(3), Pp.
341-351.
Kumar, C. A. (1994). State of the art report on vermiculture in India (Council for
Advancement of People’sAction and Rual Technology,NewDelhi) Pp.1-60.
Lalitha R, (1999) Influence of earthworm activity on soil processes, microbial
density and crop growth, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Madras, 168, .
Lalitha R, Fathima K, Ismail SA (2000). The impact of biopesticide and microbial
fertilizers on productivity and growth of Abelmoschus esculentus. Vasundara
the Earth. (1-2): Pp.4-9.
Lavelle, 1983 “The structure of earthworm communities,” in Earthworm Ecology, J.
E.Satchell, Ed.(1983), Pp. 449–466, Chapman and Hall, London, UK, .
Lavelle, P., Melendez, G., Pashanasi, B., Schaefer, R. (1992). Nitrogen mineralization
and reorganization in casts of the geophagous tropical earthworm Pontoscolex
corethrurus (Glossoscolecidae). Biology and Fertility of Soils, 14 (1),
Pp.49-53.
Laverack, M.S.(1963). The physiology of earthworms Pergamaon Press, London
Lee, K.E. (1992). Some trends and opportunities in earthworm research (or) Darwin’s
children the future of our discipline. Soil. Biol. Biochem. 24 (12): Pp.
1765- 1771.
119
Lee, K.E., (1985). Earthworms. Their Ecology and Relationships with Soils and Land
Use. Academic Press, Sydney.
Logsdon,G. (1994). Worldwide progress in vermicomposting. Biocycle. 35: Pp.63-65.
Loreno-Osti, C., L. Lopez-Reyes and D. Espinosa-Victoria, (2004). Bacterias
promotoras del crecimiento vegestal asociadas con gramineas: Una revision.
Terra Latinoamericana, 22: Pp.225-239.
Lourduraj, C.A. and Yadav, B.K., (2005), Vermiwash production techniques. In:
Verms and Vermitechnolgy. Ed. Arvind Kumar, A.P.H. Publishing
Corporation, New Delhi, Pp.102.
Lozek, O. and gracova, A., 1999, The influence of vermisol on the yield and quality
of tomatoes. Acta-Horticulture – et Regiotecturae 2(1): Pp.17-19.
Lunt, H.A., Jacobson, H.G.M. 1944. The chemical composition of earthworm casts.
Soil Science, 58: Pp.367-375.
Macdonald, D. M. and Griffin, S. E. (1981). Returning wastes to the land. In: food,
fuel and fertilizer from organic wastes. Report of ad hoc panel of the advisory
committee on technology for international development commission on
international relations. National Research council. National Academy Press,
Washington, DC. Pp.10-15.
Manna, M, Singh, M., Kundu, S., Tripathi, A.K., Takkar, P. N.(1997). Growth and
reproduction of the vermicomposting earthworm Perionyx excavates as
influenced by food materials. Biol. Fertil. Soil. 24: Pp.129-132.
Mansell, G.P., Syers, J.K. and Greeg.P.E.H. (1981). Plant availability of phosphorus
in dead herbage ingested by surface – casting earthworms soil.
Biol.Biochem.13 : Pp.1633 – 1637.
Marschner H., Mineral nutrition of Higher Plants, Academic Press; London,
U.K.(1995.)
120
Martinez-Romero, E. (2001). Poblaciones de Rhizobia natives de Mexico. Acta Zool.
Mex. (n.s.) Numero Especial., 1: Pp .29-38.
Mascolo, A., Bovalo, F., Gionfriddo, F., Nardi, S., (1999) Earthworm humic matter
produces auxin like effects on Daucus carota cell growth and nitrogen
metabolism. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 31, Pp.1303-1313.
Maynard, A.A. (1995). Cumulative effect of annual additions of MSW compost on
the yield of field growth tomatoes. Compost Sci. Util. 3: Pp.47-54.
Maynard, L.A.Loosli, J.K.Hintz., H.F. and Warner, R.G. (1983). Animal nutrition,
Tata Mcrew – Hill Publishing Co Ltd., New Delhi.Pp.416-471.
Mba, CC., (1983). Utilization of Eudrilus eugeniae for disposal of cassava peel. In:
J.E. Satchel (Ed.) Earthworm Ecology: From Darwin to Vermiculture.
Chapman and Hall, London, Pp.315-321.
McInerney, M. & Bolger, T.( 2000.) Temperature, wetting cycles and soil texture
effects on carbon and nitrogen dynamics in stabilized earthworm casts. Soil
Biology & Biochemistry, 32, Pp 335-349.
Mishra, M.S., Rajani, K., Sahu-Sanjat, K., Padhy Rabindra, N. (2005). Effect of
vermicomposted municipal solid wastes on growth, yield and heavy metal
contents of rice (Oryza sativa). Fresenius Environ. Bull. 14: Pp.584-590.
Mitchell, A., (1997). Production of Eisenia fetida and vermicompost from feed-lot
cattle manure. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 29, Pp.763-766.
Mitchell. (1988) Journal of Environmental quality 9, Pp 373-378.
Mitra, A. (1997). Vermciculture and vermicompsoting of non toxic solid waste
applications in aquaculture, in Proc. Int. bioethics workshop in Madras:
Biomanagment of biogeoresources, ed. J. Azariah et al., (University of
Madras, Chennai).
121
Munnoli, P.M. (1998). A study on management of orgnanic solid waste of agro based
industries through vermiculture biotechnology. ME thesis, TIET Patiala, India,
Pp.11-30.
Munnoli, P.M. (2007). Mangment of industrial organic solid wastes through
vermiculture biotechnology with special reference to microorganisms. Ph.D
thesis, Goa University, India, Pp.1-334 .
Munnoli, P.M., Arora, J.K., Sharma, S.K. (2000). Orgnaic waste management through
vermiculture: A case study of Pepsi Food Channoo Punjab. In: Jana BB,
Banarjee R.D., Guterstam, B., Heeb, J. (Eds.) Waste Resource Recycling in
the Developing World, Sapana Printing Works, Kolkatta, Pp.203-208.
Nakasone A.K., Bettiol W., de Souza R. M., (1999) The effect of water extracts of
organic matter on plant pathogens, Summa Phytopathologica, 25, Pp.330- 335.
Nechitaylo, T.Y. Yakimov, M.M., Gudinho, M., Timmis, K.N., Belogolova, E.,
Byzov, B.A., Kurakov, A.V., Jones, D.L., Golyshin, P.N. (2010). Effect of the
earthworms Lumbicus terrestris and Aporretodea caliginosa on bacterial
diversity in soil. Microbial Ecology 59(3), Pp.574-587.
Nethra, N.N., Jayaprasad, K.V., Kale, R.D., (1999). China aster (Callistephus
chinensis (L.) Ness) cultivation using vermicompost as organic amendment.
Crop Research, 17 (2), Pp 209-215.
Neuhauser, E.F., Malechki, M.R and Loehr, R.C (1984). Growth and reproduction of
the earthworm Eisenia fetida after exposure to sublethal concentration of
metals. Pediobiologia. 27: 89-87.
Nielson R L, (1965) Presence of plant growth substances in earthworms demonstrated
by paper
Nijhawan, S.D. and Kanwar. J.S. (1952). Physico-chemical properties of earthworm
casting and their effect on the productivity of soil.J.Indian Soc.Soil.Sci., 22 :
Pp. 357-372.
122
Noor, S., A.T.M. Farid, N.C. Shil and A.K.M. Hossain, (2002). Integrated nutrient
management for cauliflower. Bangladesh J. Environ. Sci., 8: Pp.25-30.
Orlikowski, L.B., (1999)Vermicompost extract in the control of some soil borne
pathogens. International Symposium on Crop Protection, 64, Pp.405-410.
Opperman M.H., Mc Bain, and Wood,M.(1987).Movement of cattle slurry through
soil by E.fetida soil Biol .Biochem. 19:Pp.741-745
Pandey, B.P. (1982). Taxonomy of angiosperms (S. Chand and Company, New
Delhi).
Parkin, T., Berry, E. (1994). Nitrogen transformations associated with earthworm
casts. Soil Biol. Biochem. 26: Pp.1233- 1238.
Parle J N, (1963 a) Microorganisms in the intestines of earthworms. J Gen Microbial
31: Pp.1-13.
Parle J N, (1963 b) A microbilogical study of earthworm casts. J Gen Microbial 31:
Pp.13-23.
Pathak R. K., Ram R. A., Manual on Jai Octochaetidae: Oligochaeta vic Krishi,
Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Rehmankhera, P.O. Kokari,
Lucknow-227107, (2004) vol.24, Pp.31-32.
Perucci, P., (1990). Effect of the addition of municipal solid-waste compost on
microbial biomass and enzyme activities in soil. Biol. Fertil. Soils., 10:
Pp.221.
Pierace, T.G. (1972). The calcium relation of selected Lumbricidae. Journal of
Animal Ecology., 41 : Pp.167 – 185.
Ramalingam, R and Thilagar, M. (2000). Bioconversion of Agrowaste sugarcane trash
using an Indian epigeic earthworm Perionyx excavatus (Perrier). Ind. J.
Environ. Ecoplan. 3(3): Pp 447-452.
123
Ramalingam, R. (1997). Studies on the life cycle, growth and population dynamics of
Lampito mauritii (Kinberg) and Eudrilus eugeniae (Kinberg) cultured in
different organic wastes and analysis of nutrient and microbes of
vermicompost. Ph.D Thesis submitted to Annamalai University, India.
Rangel, A., Thomas, R.J., Jimenez, J.J., Decaens, T.(1999) Nitrogen dynamics
associated with earthworm casts of Martiodrilus carimaguensis Jimenez and
Moreno in a Colombian savanna Oxisol. Pedobiologia,43(6), Pp.557-560.
Ranijasmin ,, Ushakumari, M. and sailaja kumar, (2003), Soil Application of
vermiwash on growth, yield and quality of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum
Mill.), Journal of Agricultural Resource Management, 2 (3 & 4): Pp.80-82.
Reddy, M.V. (1988). The effect of casts of Pheretima alexandri (Beddard) on the
growth of Vinca rosea, and Oryza sativa L. In: Edwards, C.A., Neuhauser, E.
(Eds.), Earthworms in Waste and Environmental Management. SPB Academic
Press, The Hague, The Netherlands, pp Pp.241-248.
Reddy, M.V., Balashouri, P., Kirankumar, V.P., Logle, A.C., Rao, K.P.C. and
Rao,K.V (1994). Sorghum plant growth in relation to earthworm casting
activity in semi-arid tropical alfisoils. In : Soil biota management in
sustainable farming systems. (Ed.), Fankkurst, C.E. CSIRO, Australia. Pp.
127-128.
Reddy. M.V. and Dutta, M. (1984). Comparative study of some chemical properties
of earthworm cast, termitemould and Ant-gallery materials in relation to the
underlying soils of a tropical agro-ecosystem. J.Soil, Biol. Ecol.,4(1):Pp.36-40.
Reinecke, A., Viljoen, S.A. Saayman, R.J. (1992). The suitability of Eudrlus
eugeniae, Perionyx excavates and Eisenia fetida (Oligocheeta) for
vermicomposting in Southern Asia in terms of their temperature requirements.
Soil Biol. Biochem. 24: Pp.1295-1307.
Reinecke, S.A., Pieters, R.( 1998). The morphology of vermicomposting earthworm
Perionyx excavates (Oligochaeta). J. Zool. 33: Pp.166-171.
124
Rodriguez, J.A., Zavaleta, E., Sanchez, P. & Gonzalez, H. (2000). The effect of
vermicompost on plant nutrition, yield and incidence of root and crown rot of
gerbera (Gerbera jamesoni H Bolus). Fitopathologia, 35. Pp.66 -79.
Ruschmann, G. (1953). Antibiosis and symbiosis of soil organisms and their
significance in soil fertility. Earthworm symbiosis and antibiosis. Z. Acker.
Pfbau. 96: Pp.201-218.S. R. Khambata and J. V. Bhat, (1957)“A contribution
to the study of the intestinal microflora of Indian earthworms,” Archives of
Microbiology, vol. 28, no. 1, Pp.69–80,
Russel, E.J. (1909). The effect of Earthworm on soil producitity, J.Agric. Sci, 3 (11)
: Pp. 246-257.
Saikia, M., D.J. Rajkhowa and M. Saikia, (1998). Effect of planting density and
vermicompost on yield of potato raised from seeding tubers. J. Indian Potato
Assoc., 25(3-4): Pp.141-142.
Saleh, J., 2008. Yield and chemical composition of ‘Piarom’ date palm as affected by
levels and methods of iron fertilization. International Journal of Plant
Production: 2 (3), Pp.207-214.
Satchell, J.E. 1984. Earthworm ecology-From Darwin to vermiculture (Chapman and
Hall, London). Pp.1-495.
Scheu, S. (1991). Mucus excretion and carbon turnover of endogeic earthworms. Biol.
Fertil. Soil, 12: Pp.217-220.
Selvakumar, S and Umamaheswari, S. (2003). Physicochemical and microbial
characteristics of vermicompost produced by Eudrilus engeniae, kinberg with
note on their fecundity in vegetable waste. M.Sc. Thesis submitted to Periyar
University, Pp. 60.
Senapati, B.K., (1992.) Vermitechnology: An option for recycling cellulosic waste in
India. In: New Trends in Biotechnology. Oxford and IBH Publications Pvt.
Co. Ltd. Calcutta., Pp: 347-358.
125
Sensi, N., T.M. Miano and G. Brunetti, (1996). Humic-like substances in organic
Amendments and Effect of Native soil humic substances. In: Humic
substances in Terrestrial Ecosystem (ed. A. Piccolo). Elsevier Science.,
Pp.531-593.
Sharma.N. (1986). Recycling of organic wastes through earthworms for crop growth.
Ph.D. Thesis submitted to Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi.
Shield, Earl B., (1982) Raising Earthworms for Profit. Shields Publication. P.O. Box
669 Eagle River Wisconsin Pp.128.
Shuxin, L., Dezhong, X.and Debing, W. (1991). Studies on the effect of earthworms
on the fertility of red – arid soil. In : Advances in management and
conservation of soil fauna, (Eds.), Veerasg, G.K.Rajagopal, D. and
Viraktmath, C.A. Oxford & IBH publishing Co.Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, Pp :
543 – 546.
Shweta, A. K., Yadav, Kiran Kumar and Mamata Sherma., (2004), Vermiwash – A
liquid biofertilzier. U. P. J. Zool., 25 (1) : Pp.25-26.
Sims, J.T. 1990. Nitrogen mineralization and elemental availability in soils amended
with cocomposted sewage sludge. Journal of Environmental Quality, 19 (4),
Pp.669- 675.
Singh C.P. (1987) Preparation of High grade Compost by an enrichment on organic
matter decomposition. Journal of Biol. Agric. & Hort., 5: 41-49.
Singleton, D.R., P.F. Hendrix, D.C. Coleman and W.B. Whitman, (2003).
Identification of uncultured bacteria tightly associated with the intestine of the
earthworm Lumbricus rubellus (Lumbricidae: Oligochaeta). Soil Biol.
Biochem., 35: Pp.1547-1555.
Sipolo seydou coulibaly (2010) .Influence of animal wastes on growth and
reproduction of the African Earthworm species Eudrilus eugeniae .European
Journal of soil Biology -46- Pp (225-229)
126
Sivasubramanian, K. and Ganeshkumar, M., (2004) Influence of vermiwash on the
biological productivity of marigold. Madras Agric. J., , 91, Pp.221–225.
Sosamma K .O, (1998) Studies on bioprocessing of organic solid wastes applying
vermitech and the efficacy of vermicompost and vermiwash in soil fertility,
Ph.D. Thesis, M.G. University, Kerala, India, Pp 110,
Springett, J.A., Syers, J.K.( 1979). The effect of earthworm casts on ryegrass
seedlings. In; T.K. Crosby and R.P. Pottinger (eds). Proceedings 2nd
Australasian Conference on Grassland Invertebrate Ecology. Pp.44-47.
Government Printer, Wellington.
Srinivasarao, Ch., Wani, S.P., Sahrawat, K.L., Rego, T.J., Pardhasaradhi, G., (2008).
Zinc, boron and sulphur deficiencies are holding back the potential of rainfed
crops in semi-arid India: Experiences from participatory watershed
management. International Journal of Plant Production 2 (1), Pp.89-99.
Stark, N., Pawlowski, P., Bodmer, S. (1978). Quality of earthworm castings and the
use of compost on arid soils. In: R. Hartenstein (ed) Utilization of soil
organisms in sludge management. Natl. Tach. Inf. Service, PB 286932.
Springfield, Virginia, Pp.87-102.
Stockdill. S.M. 1 (1982) Effects of introduced earthworms on the productivty of
New Zealand pastures. Pedobiologia, 24 : Pp – 29 – 35.
Sundaravadivel S.(1998 ), Vermitech – A potential technology for soil management
and productivity, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Madras, Pp.105, .
Suthar, S. (2008). Microbial and decomposition efficiencies of monoculture and
polyculture vermireactors based on epigic and anecic earthworms. World
Journal of Microbial Technology, 24, Pp.1471-1479.
Suthar, S., (2006). Effect of vermicompost and inorganic fertilizer on wheat (Triticum
aesticum) production. Nature, Environment & Pollution Technology, 5 (2),
Pp.197-201.
127
Suthar, S., (2008a.) Earthworm communities a bioindicator of arable land
management practices: A case study in semi arid region of India. Ecological
Indicators. Dio:10.1016/j.ecolind.2008.08.002.
Suthar, S., (2008b). Bioremediation of aerobically treated distillery sludge mixed with
cow dung by using an epigeic earthworm Eisenia fetida. Environmentalist 28,
Pp.76 – 84
Suthar, S., 2007. Nutrient changes and biodynamics of epigeic earthworm Perionyx
excavatus (Perrier) during recycling of some agricultural wastes. Bioresource
Technology 98, Pp 1608-1614.
Suthar, S., Choyal, R., Singh, S., Sudesh., (2005). Stimulatory effect of earthworm
body fluid (vermiwash) on seed germination and seedling growth of two
legumes. Journal of Phytological Research, 18(2), Pp.219-222.
Swaby, R.J. (1949). The influence of earthworms on soil aggregation. J.Soil sci., 1 (2)
: Pp. 195 – 197.
Szczech M., Rondomanski W., Brzeski M.W., Smolinska U. Kotowski, J.F., (1993)
Suppressive effect of a commercial earthworm compost on some root infecting
pathogens of cabbage and tomato, Biological Agriculture & Horticulture, 10,
Pp 47-52.
Szczeck, M.M. (1999). Suppressiveness of vermicompost against Fusarium wilt of
tomato. J. Phytopathol (Berl). 147: Pp.155-161.
Tejada, M., Gonzalez, J. L., Hernandez, M. T. and Garcia, L., (2008,) Agricultural
use of leachates obtained from two different vermincomposting processes.
Bioresour. Technol. 99, Pp.6228–6232.
Thangavel, P., Balagurunathan, R., Divakaran, J. and Prabakaran, J., Effect of
vermiwash and vermicast extract on soil nutrients, growth and yield of paddy.
Adv. Plant Sci., (2003), 16, Pp.187–190.
128
The Institue of Natural Organic Agricultural (INORA) in Pune, Rajendran (1994) also
advocates the use of surface worms because they consume all types of garbage
and multiply quickly
Tinn, G, Brussaard, L, Kang, B. T. (1995) Breakdown of plant residues under humid
trophical conditions by Eudrilus eugeniae.Soil Biol. Biochem.22:Pp.277-280.
Tisdale, J.M. and J.M. Oades, (1982). Organic matter and water-stable aggregates in
soil. J. Soil Sci., 33: Pp.141.
Tinov A. V and S. Scheu,( 2004). “Carbon availability controls the growth of
detritivores (Lumbricidae) and their effect on nitrogen mineralization,”
Oecologia, vol. 138, no. 1, Pp. 83–90,
Tiwari, S.C. and Mishra, R.R.( 1993). Fungal abundance and diversity in the
earthworm casts in uningested soil. Biol. Fertil. Soil. 16: Pp.131-134.
Tiwari, S.C. B.K. and Mishra, R.R. (1989). Microbial populations, enzyme activities
and nitrogen-phosphorus- potassium enrichment in earthworm casts and in the
surrounding soil of pineapple plantation. Biol. Fertil. Soils. 8: 178-182.
Todkari, M., (2001), Effect of vermiwash prepared by two methods on growth
characteristics, yield and nutrition of three flowering plants. M. Sc. (Agri.)
Thesis, B.S.K.K.V., Dapoli (India).
Tomar, V.K., R.K. Bhatnagar and R.K. Palta, (1998.) Effect of vermicompost on
production of brinjal and carrot. Bhartiya Krishi Anusardhar Patrika., 13(3-4):
Pp.153-156.
Tomati U., Gallii E., Earthworms soil fertility and plant productivity, Acta Zoologica
Fennica. (1995 ) -196: Pp.11-14.
Tomati, U., Grappelli, A., Galli, E., (1987). The presence of growth regulators in
earthworm-worked wastes. In: Bonvicini Paglioi, A.M., Omodeo, P. (Eds.),
On Earthworms. Proceeding of International Symposium on Earthworms.
Selected Symposia and Monographs. Unione Zoologica Italiana, 2, Mucchi,
Modena, Pp.423- 435.
129
Tondon, E.J., (1998). Effect of coffee residues on growth and reproduction of
Hyperiodrilus africanus (Oligochaeta, Eudrilidae) in Ivory Coast. Biology and
Fertility of Soils 26, Pp 336-340.
Tripathi, G.,Bhardwaj, P., (2004). Comparative studies on biomass production, life
cycles and composting efficiency of Eisenia fetida (Savigny) and Lampito
mauritii (Kinberg). Bioresource Technology 92, Pp. 275-283.
Umamaheswari S., Viveka S., Vijaylakshmi G. S., Indigenous vermiwash collecting
device, The Hindu, Jul. 17, 0.1-2003
Valle-Molinares, R., S. Borges and C. Rios-Velazquez, (2007). Characterization of
possible symbionts in Onychochaeta borincana (Annelida: Glossoscolecidae).
Eur. J. Soil Biol., 43:Pp.14-18.
Vasanthi.K., Chairman, K., J.S.Michael., A. Kalirajan and A.J.A.Ranjt singh, (2011)
Enhancing Bioconversion efficiency of Earth worm Eudrilus eugeniae (king
berg) by fortifying the filter mud vermin bed using an organic nutrient –
Journal of Biological Sciences,11(1): Pp.(18-22)
Villar, M.C. Beloso, M.C. Acea, M.J. Cabaneiro, A. Gonzalez-Prieto, S.J. Carballas,
M. Diaz-Ravina,M.Carballas,T.(1993). Physical and chemical characterization
of four composted urban refuses. Bioresource Technology,45(2),Pp.105-113.
Waksman S A, and Martin J P, (1939 ) The conservation of the soil Science NY 90:
Pp.304-305.
Watanabe, H., (1975). On the amount of cast production by the Megascolecid
earthworm Pheretima hypiensism, Pedobiologia, 15: Pp.20-28.
Winding, A., R. Rohn and N.B. Hendriksen, (1997) Bacteria and protozoa in soil
microhabitats as affected by earthworm. Biol. Fertil. Soils, 24, Pp133-140.
Yadav A. K., Kumar K., Singh S., Sharma M.,(2005) Vermiwash- A liquid
biofertilizer, Uttar Pradesh J. of Zoology, 25(1) Pp.97-99.
Yawalkar K.S., Bokde J.P., (1981). Horticultural Publishing Home, Nagpur India.
130
Zaller, J. G.,(2006 )Foliar spray of vermicompost extracts: effects on fruit quality and
indications of late-blight suppression on field grown tomatoes. Biol. Agric.
Hortic.,, 24, Pp.165–180.
Zhang, H., Schrader, S. (1993). Earthworm effects on selected physical and chemical
properties of soil aggregates. Biol. Fertil. Soils. 15: Pp.229-234.
Zraherskii, A.I (1957). Dozhdevye Cherri Kak fakto plodorodiya lesnyki pochv,
Kiew.