Reference Maps: Topographic - Esri...

11
Reference maps present a wide range of themes together on a map without strong emphasis on one over another. The goal of reference maps is to provide locational details for both casual map users and professionals. The largest scale reference maps often include details of topography, usually represented with contour lines. Topographic maps are produced as series at a variety of scales covering entire countries across the globe. In the United States, topographic series created by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) are available at 1:24,000, 1:100,000, and 1:250,000 scales (these may be downloaded from USGS at www.store.usgs.gov/locator/ or other Web services). Topographic maps from other countries have quite different designs. The Netherlands and Switzerland, for example, have distinctively different terrains, so their topographic maps emphasize different landforms. Land cover and water features are more prominent on the Dutch map, and mountain detail dominates the Swiss map. Many contemporary reference maps combine hillshading and elevation tints, rather than relying on contour lines to symbolize landforms. Hillshading techniques model the surface by rendering the hypothetical reflection of sunlight (often coming from the northwest) that illuminates a homogeneous surface (no rock colors or vegetation textures are displayed). Hillshading may be calculated using a digital elevation model (DEM), or hand drawn by interpreting contour lines. It produces a portrait that emphasizes the shape of the landforms. The effect has a variety of names with very similar meanings, REFERENCE MAPS TOPOGRAPHIC 1 such as relief shading, analytical shaded relief, and terrain shading. Elevation tints, also called hypsometric tints, are often added to hillshading. They may be presented as continuous gradation through a series of colors or split into specific elevation ranges with each class bordered by contours and assigned a color. The combination of land shape and elevation gives a complete sense of the landscape. Flat landforms in a hillshade layer may be colored as a lowland or high plateau by the elevation tints, providing additional information to map readers. The general depth of a gorge and height of a mountain range are communicated through elevation tints. Terrain and physical features are a key element of some of the maps highlighted in this chapter, with complete labeling for hydrography, glaciers, valleys, ranges, and peaks. On others, physical features function more as supporting information to the political and cultural elements in the foreground, such as boundaries, transportation, cities, and points of interest. Features are generally categorized with serif fonts for physical features and sans serif fonts for human features in most of the maps presented in this chapter. The chapter progresses from large-scale topographic maps, through country reference maps, to small-scale continent representations, and contains a wide variety of reference map styles that emphasize topography. Together these maps offer design ideas for a common map genre.

Transcript of Reference Maps: Topographic - Esri...

Page 1: Reference Maps: Topographic - Esri Supportdownloads2.esri.com/ESRIpress/images/132/brewer_sample_chapter.pdf · REFERENCE MAPS: TOPOGRAPHIC 3 BlACk-ANd-whitE dESigN (Page 5) Road,

Reference maps present a wide range of themes together on a map without strong emphasis on one over another. The goal of reference maps is to provide locational details for both casual map users and professionals. The largest scale reference maps often include details of topography, usually represented with contour lines. Topographic maps are produced as series at a variety of scales covering entire countries across the globe. In the United States, topographic series created by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) are available at 1:24,000, 1:100,000, and 1:250,000 scales (these may be downloaded from USGS at www.store.usgs.gov/locator/ or other Web services). Topographic maps from other countries have quite different designs. The Netherlands and Switzerland, for example, have distinctively different terrains, so their topographic maps emphasize different landforms. Land cover and water features are more prominent on the Dutch map, and mountain detail dominates the Swiss map.

Many contemporary reference maps combine hillshading and elevation tints, rather than relying on contour lines to symbolize landforms. Hillshading techniques model the surface by rendering the hypothetical reflection of sunlight (often coming from the northwest) that illuminates a homogeneous surface (no rock colors or vegetation textures are displayed). Hillshading may be calculated using a digital elevation model (DEM), or hand drawn by interpreting contour lines. It produces a portrait that emphasizes the shape of the landforms. The effect has a variety of names with very similar meanings,

REFERENCE MAPS TOPOGRAPHIC

1

such as relief shading, analytical shaded relief, and terrain shading. Elevation tints, also called hypsometric tints, are often added to hillshading. They may be presented as continuous gradation through a series of colors or split into specific elevation ranges with each class bordered by contours and assigned a color. The combination of land shape and elevation gives a complete sense of the landscape. Flat landforms in a hillshade layer may be colored as a lowland or high plateau by the elevation tints, providing additional information to map readers. The general depth of a gorge and height of a mountain range are communicated through elevation tints.

Terrain and physical features are a key element of some of the maps highlighted in this chapter, with complete labeling for hydrography, glaciers, valleys, ranges, and peaks. On others, physical features function more as supporting information to the political and cultural elements in the foreground, such as boundaries, transportation, cities, and points of interest. Features are generally categorized with serif fonts for physical features and sans serif fonts for human features in most of the maps presented in this chapter.

The chapter progresses from large-scale topographic maps, through country reference maps, to small-scale continent representations, and contains a wide variety of reference map styles that emphasize topography. Together these maps offer design ideas for a common map genre.

Page 2: Reference Maps: Topographic - Esri Supportdownloads2.esri.com/ESRIpress/images/132/brewer_sample_chapter.pdf · REFERENCE MAPS: TOPOGRAPHIC 3 BlACk-ANd-whitE dESigN (Page 5) Road,

DESIGNED MAPS2

1.0 usgs digital topographic map

Page 3: Reference Maps: Topographic - Esri Supportdownloads2.esri.com/ESRIpress/images/132/brewer_sample_chapter.pdf · REFERENCE MAPS: TOPOGRAPHIC 3 BlACk-ANd-whitE dESigN (Page 5) Road,

REFERENCE MAPS: TOPOGRAPHIC 3

BlACk-ANd-whitE dESigN (Page 5)

Road, contour, and boundary line weights are balanced in this design so one does not dominate the map. The streams fit better into the landscape because they are tapered; in other words, small tributaries are indicated by the thinnest lines, slightly thicker lines are used after tributaries join, and this progression continues, building

wider lines with increases in stream flow. Gray is used for water body areas; gray inside cased roads distinguishes them from other fine black lines; large buildings are black; and contours lines are gray with wider index contours. Patterns are used for line dashes, but notice there are no patterned area fills, thereby preserving the readability of contour lines.

EMPhASiS oN NAtuRAl FEAtuRES (Page 5)

In this design, contours are wider, more saturated brown lines that are labeled with greater frequency, and bold hydrography from the original design is repeated. This combination emphasizes natural features. The road net-work becomes a background element with a progression of purple to white cased lines for major roads to small

rural lanes. These light roads allow labels to be placed on roads, but the trade-off is that the reader needs to look closely at the map to extract information about roads. The city boundary is a fine gray dash that would be barely visible, but it is assisted by a light fill outside urban areas to establish city limits behind the landscape information.

EMPhASiS oN BouNdARiES (Page 4)

A wider variety of boundary styles is shown with this design. Green dashes for county lines separate them from other boundaries. A fine red line details city boundar-ies and reddish tint bands distinguish city from noncity sides, adding clarity to an irregular boundary. A band of progressively finer diamond textures outline the interior

side of the Rocky Flats Environmental Technology Site boundary at the lower left (in the enhanced reservation category). Road symbols are simplified to a hierarchy of widths of black lines and are broken less often by using tighter label halos. Water features are pushed into the background with lighter colors and thinner lines.

oRigiNAl dESigN (Pages 2 and 4)

This map shows a prototype design by US Geological Survey (USGS) for The National Map using a limited set of digital data for contours, hydrography, transportation, boundaries, structures, and geographic names (prepared using data from local, state, and federal agencies). Index contours, streams, and pond outlines are bold elements

in this design. Different dashed black line patterns distinguish line symbols for county, park, and enhanced reservation boundaries and for trails and pipe-lines. The gray band under the yellow dashed line of the city boundaries pro-vides contrast for easy visibility and preserves a clean dash pattern when the line overlaps another dashed boundary. Gray local road lines are frequently broken by white halos on black labels, ensuring that labels are readable.

Topographic map data at a scale of 1:24,000 for an area near Superior, Colorado, is shown with different visual emphases in four designs on the following pages. The original and black-and-white designs balance emphasis among features, and the other two designs place more emphasis on human boundaries or natural features.Courtesy of Parallel Incorporated and U.S. Geological Survey.

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FireFire DepartmentDepartment StationStation 6464

MinersMiners MuseumMuseum

StandleyStandley LakeLakeNatureNature CenterCenter

LouisvilleLouisvilleLibraryLibrary

LouisvilleLouisvilleHistoricalHistoricalMuseumMuseum

SuperiorSuperior CityCity HallHall

TheThe VillageVillageAtAt ParkPark CentreCentre

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LafayetteLafayetteCityCity HallHall

LouisvilleLouisvilleSportsSports ComplexComplex

RyanRyan ElementaryElementary SchoolSchool

LouisvilleLouisville CemeteryCemetery

HolyHoly FamilyFamily HighHigh SchoolSchool

BroadlandsBroadlands GolfGolf CourseCourse

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MountainMountain ViewViewElementaryElementary SchoolSchool

FireFire DepartmentDepartment StationStation 66

BroomfieldBroomfieldTownTown CentreCentre

BroomfieldBroomfieldPlazaPlaza

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RyanRyan ElementaryElementary SchoolSchool

WestminsterWestminsterPromenadePromenade

FederalFederalHeightsHeights PlazaPlaza

TheThe GolfGolf CoursesCoursesAtAt HylandHyland HillsHills

MeadowsMeadowsBranchBranch LibraryLibrary

BurbankBurbank MiddleMiddle SchoolSchool

HorizonsHorizons AlternativeAlternativeK-8K-8 CharterCharter SchoolSchool

SacredSacred HeartHeart OfOfMaryMary CemeteryCemetery

TableTable MesaMesaShoppingShopping CenterCenter

SummitSummit MiddleMiddle CharterCharter SchoolSchool

LouisvilleLouisvilleElementaryElementary SchoolSchoolSouthernSouthern HillsHills

MiddleMiddle SchoolSchoolFairviewFairviewHighHigh SchoolSchool

CentennialCentennial CenterCenterShoppingShopping CenterCenter

CharterCharter CentennialCentennial PeaksPeaksBehaviorialBehaviorial HealthHealth CenterCenter

AvistaAvista AdventistAdventistHospitalHospital

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SacredSacred HeartHeartOfOf MaryMary ChurchChurch

CoalCoal CreekCreekElementaryElementary SchoolSchool

LouisvilleLouisvilleRecreationRecreation CenterCenter

LouisvilleLouisvilleMiddleMiddle SchoolSchool

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LouisvilleLouisvilleCityCity HallHall

CentaurusCentaurusHighHigh SchoolSchool

CoalCoal CreekCreek VillageVillageShoppingShopping CenterCenter

CountrysideCountryside VillageVillageShoppingShopping CenterCenter

CoalCoal CreekCreekMemorialMemorial GardensGardens

CoyoteCoyote RidgeRidgeElementaryElementary SchoolSchool

MonarchMonarch K-K-88 SchoolSchool

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CoalCoal CreekCreekGolfGolf CourseCourse

OmniOmni InterlockenInterlocken ResortResort GolfGolf ClubClub

BroomfieldBroomfield HeightsHeightsMiddleMiddle SchoolSchool

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GolfGolf ClubClub

BirchBirch ElementaryElementarySchoolSchool

LakeviewLakeview CemeteryCemetery

BroomfieldBroomfieldHighHigh SchoolSchool

NativityNativity OfOfOurOur LordLord SchoolSchool

BroomfieldBroomfieldCityCity HallHall

EmeraldEmeraldElementaryElementary SchoolSchool

WestlakeWestlakeMiddleMiddle SchoolSchool

LegacyLegacyHighHigh SchoolSchool

ArapahoeArapahoe RidgeRidgeElementaryElementary SchoolSchool

TheThe RanchRanchCountryCountry ClubClub

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LegacyLegacy RidgeRidge GolfGolfCourseCourse AtAt WestminsterWestminster

FireFire DepartmentDepartmentStationStation 44

CottonCotton CreekCreekElementaryElementary SchoolSchool

SheridanSheridan GreenGreenElementaryElementary SchoolSchool

GreenwayGreenway ParkParkGolfGolf CourseCourse

TheThe HeritageHeritage GolfGolfCourseCourse AtAt WestmoorWestmoor

WittWitt ElementaryElementarySchoolSchool

StandleyStandley LakeLakeHighHigh SchoolSchool

FireFire DepartmentDepartmentStationStation 55

StandleyStandley ShoresShoresShoppingShopping CenterCenter JeffersonJefferson AcademyAcademy

CharterCharter SchoolSchool

ButterflyButterfly PavilionPavilionAndAnd InsectInsect CenterCenter

HillcrestHillcrestElementaryElementary SchoolSchool

WestviewWestviewElementaryElementary SchoolSchool

105°12'30"W

105°12'30"W

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LOUISVILLE

BROOMFIELD

WESTMINSTER

NORTHGLENN

THORNTON

LAFAYETTE

BOULDER

LAFAYETTE, COLOUISVILLE, CO

Legend

Interstates

U.S. and State HighwaysLocal RoadsTrails

PipelineTransmission Line

Buildings

MinesCounty Boundary

City BoundarySmall Parks

WellsRivers and StreamsLakes

Contour LineContour Line, Index

RailroadsEnhancedReservation

ROCKY FLATS ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY SITE

SUPERIOR

105°10'0"W

105°5'0"W105°15'0"W

105°15'0"W40°0'0"W

105°12'30"W 105°5'0"W

39°52'30"N105°0'0"W

The National Map Prototype Graphic Product

482000 105°12'30"W

The Lafayette-Louisville 1:24,000 scale map was produced from the Denver Pilot data compiled for The National Map. The map depicts the USGS Lafayette,CO and Louisville, CO 7.5-minute series areas, illustrating the seamless quality of the data. The data, all 1:24,000 scale or better, represents local, state andfederal cooperative datasets. Contributing partners include: Colorado, Department of Transportation, Colorado Office of Emergency, Management, ColoradoDepartment of Public Health, Federal Emergency Management Agency, US Department of Transportation, and US Geological Survey. These datasets werecollected and integrated as part of the U.S. Geological Survey 133 City Denver Pilot project and processed at the Rocky Mountain Mapping Center, usingESRI ArcGIS and ERDAS Imagine software. ESRI Maplex software was used to generate labels.

SCALE 1:24,000

1 0 10.5MILES

1 0 10.5KILOMETERS

1,000 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000FEET

LAFAYETTE/LOUISVILLECOLORADO7.5 MINUTE

LOCAL DATA REVISED

1.0 uSgS digitAl toPogRAPhiC MAP

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DESIGNED MAPS4

REdESigNS

1A oRigiNAl dESigN 1B EMPhASiS oN BouNdARiES

CONTOURSIndex: 1 pt, 33C 48M 100Y 12K, round joinIntermediate: 0.25 pt, 12C 34M 88Y, round joinLabel: 6 pt, Arial, 33C 48M 100Y 12K Halo: 1 pt, white

ROADSHighwaysLine: 1 pt, 15C 100M 100YCasing: 1.5 pt, 100KMajorLine: 1.2 pt, 50KLabel: 5 pt, Arial, 100KHalo: 1 pt, whiteMinorLine: 0.5 pt, 50K

BOUNDARIESEnhanced ReservationLine: 0.5 pt, 100K, dash pattern 6/2/2/2 (dash/gap in pts)Offset band: 6 pt, 31M 15Y, offset -3 ptCountyLine: 0.75 pt, 100K, dash pattern 17/2/5/2CityLine: 0.5 pt, 6C 96Y, dash pattern 6/1/3/1Casing: 3 pt, 30KLabel: 14 pt, Times Roman, 100K

OTHERWaterFill : 34C 4YLine: 1 pt, 70C 40M, round joinLabel: 6 pt, Arial Italic, 80C 57MTransmission lineLine: 0.25 pt, 100K, circle marker line pattern 1.5/28 (symbol size/spacing in pts)BuildingsFill : 100KLabel: 6 pt, Arial, 100K

CONTOURSIndex: 0.75 pt, 30C 50M 70Y, round joinIntermediate: 0.25 pt, 20C 40M 60Y, round joinLabel: 6 pt, Arial, 30C 50M 70Y Halo: 1 pt, white

ROADSAll lines: round cap/joinHighwaysLine: 1 pt, 100KMajorLine: 0.5 pt, 100KLabel: 5 pt, Franklin Gothic Book, 100KHalo: 0.5 pt, whiteMinorLine: 0.25 pt, 100K

BOUNDARIESEnhanced ReservationLine: 1 pt, 100M 100Y, three diamond marker line patterns: 3/14; 2/14 offset 2.5 pt; 1.5/7 offset 6.5 ptCountyLine: 2 pt, 60C 60Y, dash pattern 5/2CityLine: 0.5 pt, 10C 80M 80Y, round join Offset bands: 3 pt, 40M 40Y; 6 pt, 20M 20Y; 9 pt, 10M 10YOffset bands: 3 pt, 20M 55Y; 6 pt, 15M 40Y; 9 pt, 10M 25YLabel: 14 pt, Franklin Gothic Medium, 100KHalo: 1 pt, white

OTHERWaterFill : 15CLine: 0.5 pt, 40C, round joinLabel: 6 pt, Franklin Gothic Book Italic, 60C 10MTransmission lineLine: 1 pt, 50C 80M, circle marker line pattern 2.5/28BuildingsFill : 100KLabel: 6 pt, Franklin Gothic Book, 100K

ArcMap tips (see pages 161 to 167)

2 Multilayer line 5 Marker line

6 Offset line 40 Layer order

ArcMap tips

6 Offset line 10 Tint bands

12 Index contours 34 Maplex settings

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REFERENCE MAPS: TOPOGRAPHIC 5

REdESigNS

1C EMPhASiS oN NAtuRAl FEAtuRES 1d BlACk-ANd-whitE dESigN

CONTOURSIndex: 1 pt, 25C 85M 100Y, round joinIntermediate: 0.4 pt, 20C 75M 90Y, round joinLabel: 6 pt, Arial, 25C 85M 100YHalo: 1 pt

ROADSAll lines: round cap/joinHighwaysLine: 2 pt, 40C 70MCasing: 2.5 pt, 100KMajorLine: 1 pt, 20C 20MCasing: 1.5 pt, 50KLabel: 5 pt, Arial, 100KMinorLine: 1 pt, whiteCasing: 1.5 pt, 30K

BOUNDARIESEnhanced ReservationLine: 1 pt, 4C 90YOffset band: 8 pt, 40Y, offset -4 ptCountyLine: 1 pt, 100K, dash pattern 10/2/3/2 CityFill : 3M 20Y (outside city)Line: 0.5 pt, 35K, dash pattern 2/2Label: 14 pt, Times Roman, 100K

OTHERWaterFill : 15CLine: 0.5 pt, 65C 35M, round joinLabel: 6 pt, Arial Italic, 65C 35MTransmission lineLine: 0.5 pt, 60C 100M, circle marker line pattern 1/28 BuildingsFill : 100KLabel: 6 pt, Arial, 100K

CONTOURSIndex: 1 pt, 35K, round joinIntermediate: 0.4 pt, 35K, round joinLabel: 6 pt, Arial, 50KHalo: 1 pt, white

ROADSAll lines: round cap/joinHighwaysLine: 2 pt, 35KCasing: 2.5 pt, 100KMajorLine: 1 pt, 5K, round cap/joinCasing: 1.5 pt, 100K, round cap/joinLabel: 5 pt, Franklin Gothic Book, 100KHalo: 0.5 pt, whiteMinorLine: 1 pt, white, round cap/joinCasing: 1.5 pt, 50K

BOUNDARIESEnhanced ReservationLine: 0.5 pt, 100K, dash pattern 10/5 CountyLine: 1 pt, 100K, dash pattern 10/2/3/2CityLine: 0.5 pt, 100K, dash pattern 2/2Label: 14 pt, Franklin Gothic Medium, 100K

OTHERWaterFill : 20KLines (four classes): 0.5 pt, 0.75 pt, 1 pt, 1.25 pt, 100KLabel: 6 pt, Franklin Gothic Book Italic, 100KTransmission lineLine: 0.25 pt, 100K, circle marker line pattern 2/28BuildingsFill : 100KLabel: 6 pt, Franklin Gothic Book, 100K

ArcMap tips

1 Dashed line 3 Cased line

10 Tint bands 28 Variable-depth masking

ArcMap tips

4 Merge/overpass 14 Tapered lines

34 Maplex settings 37 Curved labels

Page 6: Reference Maps: Topographic - Esri Supportdownloads2.esri.com/ESRIpress/images/132/brewer_sample_chapter.pdf · REFERENCE MAPS: TOPOGRAPHIC 3 BlACk-ANd-whitE dESigN (Page 5) Road,

DESIGNED MAPS6

RIVERS, LAKES, AND CANALS

Perennial stream

Perennial river

Intermittent stream

Intermittent river

Disappearing stream Falls, small

Falls, large

Rapids, small

ROADS AND RELATED FEATURES

Primary highwaySecondary highway

Light duty road Light duty road, paved* Light duty road, gravel* Light duty road, dirt* Light duty road, unspecifi ed*

Please note: Roads on Provisional-edition maps are not classifi ed as primary, secondary, or light duty. These roads are all classifi ed as improved roads and are symbolized the same as light duty roads.

4WD road 4WD road*

Trail

Unimproved road Unimproved road*

Highway or road under construction

Highway or road underpass; overpass

Highway or road bridge; drawbridge

Highway or road tunnel Road block, berm, or barrier* Gate on road*

Highway or road with median strip

Trailhead*

Intermittent lake/pond

Perennial lake/pond

Dry lake/pond

Wide wash

Narrow wash

Canal, fl ume, or aqueduct with lock

Elevated aqueduct, fl ume, or conduit

Aqueduct tunnelWater well, geyser, fumarole, or mud potSpring or seep

SUBMERGED AREAS AND BOGS

Marsh or swamp

Submerged marsh or swamp

Wooded marsh or swamp

Submerged wooded marsh or swamp

Land subject to inundation

SURFACE FEATURES

Levee

Sand or mud

Disturbed surface

Gravel beach or glacial moraine

Tailings pond

Power transmission line; pole; tower

Telephone line

Aboveground pipeline

Underground pipeline

TRANSMISSION LINES AND PIPELINES

VEGETATION

Shrubland

Mangrove

Vineyard

Orchard

Woodland

* USGS-USDA Forest Service Single-Edition Quadrangle maps only.In August 1993, the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Forest Service signed an Interagency Agreement to begin a single-edition joint mapping program. This agreement established the coordination for producing and maintaining single-edition primary series topographic maps for quadrangles containing National Forest System lands. The joint mapping program eliminates duplication of effort by the agencies and results in a more frequent revision cycle for quadrangles containing National Forests. Maps are revised on the basis of jointly developed standards and contain normal features mapped by the USGS, as well as additional features required for effi -cient management of National Forest System lands. Single-edition maps look slightly different but meet the content, accuracy, and quality criteria of other USGS products.

BOUNDARIES

National

State or territorial

County or equivalent

Civil township or equivalent

Incorporated city or equivalent

Federally administered park, reservation, or monument (external)

Federally administered park, reservation, or monument (internal)

State forest, park, reservation, or monument and large county park Forest Service administrative area*

Forest Service ranger district*

National Forest System land status, Forest Service lands* National Forest System land status, non-Forest Service lands*

Small park (county or city)

BUILDINGS AND RELATED FEATURES

Building

School; house of worship

Built-up area

Forest headquarters*

Ranger district offi ce*

Guard station or work center*

Racetrack or raceway

Airport, paved landing strip, runway, taxiway, or apron

Gaging station

Located or landmark object (feature as labeled)

Covered reservoir

Boat ramp or boat access*

Unpaved landing strip

Well (other than water), windmill or wind generator

Tanks

Roadside park or rest area

Campground

Picnic area

Winter recreation area*

Cemetery

Athletic fi eld RAILROADS AND RELATED FEATURES

Standard guage railroad, single trackStandard guage railroad, multiple trackNarrow guage railroad, single track

Narrow guage railroad, multiple track

Railroad siding

Railroad underpass; overpass

Railroad bridge; drawbridge

Railroad tunnel

Railroad yard

Railroad turntable; roundhouse

Railroad in highway Railroad in road Railroad in light duty road*

CONTOURS

Index 6000

Approximate or indefi nite

Intermediate

Approximate or indefi nite

Depression

Cut

Fill

Supplementary

Continental divide

Index***

Intermediate***

Index primary***

Primary***

Supplementary***

Bathymetric

Topographic

See the full legend at erg.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/symbols/topomapsymbols.pdf.

1.1 uSgS toPogRAPhiC MAPS, 1980 ANd 1990

USGS topographic maps have varied in design over the years. This example shows most of Dayton, Tennessee, with the southeast corner of the Morgan Springs quadrangle positioned above the northeast corner of the Graysville quadrangle. The maps show content field checked in 1972, with a 1980 photorevision for the upper half and 1990 limited updating on the lower half. These are the most current printed topo sheets at 1:24,000 for this area. Printed USGS topo quads are on average over twenty years old, and data currency efforts now focus on digital products. The fonts USGS uses for newer topographic print products (lower half) are bolder with a large x-height to aid reproduction. Other symbols are also more simply designed. For example, roads rely less on cased lines and cross-hatch patterns are not used in large buildings. U.S. topographic maps may be printed with five spot colors (green, blue, red, black, brown inks) plus purple for the photorevisions. This simplicity of production maintains the detail of fine contours, for example (because brown is not produced by registering cyan, magenta, and yellow inks during the press run), but it requires a five- or six-color press, which may increase costs.

Courtesy of U.S. Geological Survey.

Page 7: Reference Maps: Topographic - Esri Supportdownloads2.esri.com/ESRIpress/images/132/brewer_sample_chapter.pdf · REFERENCE MAPS: TOPOGRAPHIC 3 BlACk-ANd-whitE dESigN (Page 5) Road,

REFERENCE MAPS: TOPOGRAPHIC 7

Page 8: Reference Maps: Topographic - Esri Supportdownloads2.esri.com/ESRIpress/images/132/brewer_sample_chapter.pdf · REFERENCE MAPS: TOPOGRAPHIC 3 BlACk-ANd-whitE dESigN (Page 5) Road,

DESIGNED MAPS10

1.3 SwiSS toPogRAPhiC MAP

Swiss topographic maps present the country’s high-relief landscape with beautifully rendered detail. Hand-drawn cliffs and rocks are placed where slopes are too rugged to describe with contours. Light hillshading is augmented with nuanced use of blue hues on shadowed slopes and warm yellow and peach hues highlighting sunlit slopes. The forms of glaciated surfaces are represented with blue contours and crevasse drawings, striking against a cold white background. Fine, mostly italic labels lie on the surface, elegantly spaced across features. Similarly, buildings, roads, and trails are characterized by thin or small black symbols that do not compete with the topography details, which are the main message of the map. Labels are carefully fit to the terrain with attention to the placement of each letter. For example, the letters of the Stechelberg label running vertically up the valley are each placed between building clusters and labels for towns and spot height.

Reproduced by permission of swisstopo (BA071473).

3536

Ried

Adorf

Wil

77 7773 73

A1

Ried

A1

Wil

Adorf

387 387 387

2127.6 2127.6 2127.6

1587 713 1587 713 1587 713

800 800 800

419

Roads, tracks

Highway (divided lanes)Junction under construction

Rest areaParking

2nd cl. highway (undivided lanes)Exit / Access under construction

Trunk road Main connecting road

1st cl. road (at least 6 m wide) conspicuous bridge

2nd cl. road (at least 4 m wide) conspicuous bridge

Suburban road (at least 4 m wide) conspicuous bridge

3rd cl. road (at least 2.8 m wide) covered bridge

4th cl., narrow road (at least 1.8 m) Bridge

5th cl., path, trail, bicycle path Footbridge, catwalk

6th cl., footpath Passenger ferry, attachedfree

Traces, mountain passage on glacier

Barrier, traffic ban

conspicuous roundabout Parking lot

Level crossings

Underpasses

Overpasses

Tunnels Ventilation shaft

Gallerie

Parklane Tank road

Traces of historic road

Airport, hard surface runwayAirfield, grass strip

National boundary with numbered markers

Cantonal boundary with markers

District boundary with markers

Municipal boundary with markers

Boundary for National Park or protected area

Boundaries

1: 25 000 1: 50 000 1:100 000 Railways

Topography

Vegetation

Trigonometric points, spot heights

1: 25 000 1: 50 000 1:100 000 Individual symbols 1: 25 000 1: 50 000 1:100 000

Railway station, tracks Platform roof

Stop with separate track

Stop without separate track

Normal gauge railway: multiple tracks Bridge

Normal gauge railway: single track Bridge

Narrow gauge railway: multiple tracks Bridge

Narrow gauge, rack, cable railway:single track Bridge

Freight or nostalgic railwayRailway out of service Bridge

Intercommunal tramwaywith stop Bridge

Industrial track Bridge

Tunnels

Galleries

Aerial cable way, chairliftwith intermediate station PylonGoods lift Pylon

Skilift

House Ruin

Remote inn Tower

Greenhouse Storage tank

Allotment (garden) Monument

Church Chapel

Cemetery Shrine, cross

Cooling tower Wind power station

Chimney-stack Castle

Lookout tower Radio transmitter

large antenna small antenna

Camp site Summer toboggan-run

Sports ground Stadium

Rifle range

Race course (horses)

Border of an area Golf course

Ski jump dry wall

Wall Avalanche barricade

Cave, grotto erratic bloc

Contour lines earth, scree / shingle, ice / lake

Index contours earth, scree / shingle, ice / lake

Intermediate contours earth, scree / shingle, ice / lake

Small depression Doline

Escarpment, earth Escarpment, stone

Cutting Embankment

Earth slip Gravel pit

Clay pit Quarry

Rock Scree

Glacier Moraine

10 m (Jura Mtns., Plateau)20 m (Alps) 20 m 50 m

100 m 200 m 200 m

5 m / 10 m 10 m 25 m

Rock with 100 m contour lines

Trigonometric points 1st to 3rd order and LV95

Spot height

Index contour

Lake level Spot height at lake bottom

Forest, defined outline undefined outline

Scattered forest isolated tree / group of trees

Scrub Hedge

Orchard Tree nursery

Vineyard

only Pyramids

3536

Ried

Adorf

Wil

77 7773 73

A1

Ried

A1

Wil

Adorf

387 387 387

2127.6 2127.6 2127.6

1587 713 1587 713 1587 713

800 800 800

419

Roads, tracks

Highway (divided lanes)Junction under construction

Rest areaParking

2nd cl. highway (undivided lanes)Exit / Access under construction

Trunk road Main connecting road

1st cl. road (at least 6 m wide) conspicuous bridge

2nd cl. road (at least 4 m wide) conspicuous bridge

Suburban road (at least 4 m wide) conspicuous bridge

3rd cl. road (at least 2.8 m wide) covered bridge

4th cl., narrow road (at least 1.8 m) Bridge

5th cl., path, trail, bicycle path Footbridge, catwalk

6th cl., footpath Passenger ferry, attachedfree

Traces, mountain passage on glacier

Barrier, traffic ban

conspicuous roundabout Parking lot

Level crossings

Underpasses

Overpasses

Tunnels Ventilation shaft

Gallerie

Parklane Tank road

Traces of historic road

Airport, hard surface runwayAirfield, grass strip

National boundary with numbered markers

Cantonal boundary with markers

District boundary with markers

Municipal boundary with markers

Boundary for National Park or protected area

Boundaries

1: 25 000 1: 50 000 1:100 000 Railways

Topography

Vegetation

Trigonometric points, spot heights

1: 25 000 1: 50 000 1:100 000 Individual symbols 1: 25 000 1: 50 000 1:100 000

Railway station, tracks Platform roof

Stop with separate track

Stop without separate track

Normal gauge railway: multiple tracks Bridge

Normal gauge railway: single track Bridge

Narrow gauge railway: multiple tracks Bridge

Narrow gauge, rack, cable railway:single track Bridge

Freight or nostalgic railwayRailway out of service Bridge

Intercommunal tramwaywith stop Bridge

Industrial track Bridge

Tunnels

Galleries

Aerial cable way, chairliftwith intermediate station PylonGoods lift Pylon

Skilift

House Ruin

Remote inn Tower

Greenhouse Storage tank

Allotment (garden) Monument

Church Chapel

Cemetery Shrine, cross

Cooling tower Wind power station

Chimney-stack Castle

Lookout tower Radio transmitter

large antenna small antenna

Camp site Summer toboggan-run

Sports ground Stadium

Rifle range

Race course (horses)

Border of an area Golf course

Ski jump dry wall

Wall Avalanche barricade

Cave, grotto erratic bloc

Contour lines earth, scree / shingle, ice / lake

Index contours earth, scree / shingle, ice / lake

Intermediate contours earth, scree / shingle, ice / lake

Small depression Doline

Escarpment, earth Escarpment, stone

Cutting Embankment

Earth slip Gravel pit

Clay pit Quarry

Rock Scree

Glacier Moraine

10 m (Jura Mtns., Plateau)20 m (Alps) 20 m 50 m

100 m 200 m 200 m

5 m / 10 m 10 m 25 m

Rock with 100 m contour lines

Trigonometric points 1st to 3rd order and LV95

Spot height

Index contour

Lake level Spot height at lake bottom

Forest, defined outline undefined outline

Scattered forest isolated tree / group of trees

Scrub Hedge

Orchard Tree nursery

Vineyard

only Pyramids

3536

Ried

Adorf

Wil

77 7773 73

A1

Ried

A1

Wil

Adorf

387 387 387

2127.6 2127.6 2127.6

1587 713 1587 713 1587 713

800 800 800

419

Roads, tracks

Highway (divided lanes)Junction under construction

Rest areaParking

2nd cl. highway (undivided lanes)Exit / Access under construction

Trunk road Main connecting road

1st cl. road (at least 6 m wide) conspicuous bridge

2nd cl. road (at least 4 m wide) conspicuous bridge

Suburban road (at least 4 m wide) conspicuous bridge

3rd cl. road (at least 2.8 m wide) covered bridge

4th cl., narrow road (at least 1.8 m) Bridge

5th cl., path, trail, bicycle path Footbridge, catwalk

6th cl., footpath Passenger ferry, attachedfree

Traces, mountain passage on glacier

Barrier, traffic ban

conspicuous roundabout Parking lot

Level crossings

Underpasses

Overpasses

Tunnels Ventilation shaft

Gallerie

Parklane Tank road

Traces of historic road

Airport, hard surface runwayAirfield, grass strip

National boundary with numbered markers

Cantonal boundary with markers

District boundary with markers

Municipal boundary with markers

Boundary for National Park or protected area

Boundaries

1: 25 000 1: 50 000 1:100 000 Railways

Topography

Vegetation

Trigonometric points, spot heights

1: 25 000 1: 50 000 1:100 000 Individual symbols 1: 25 000 1: 50 000 1:100 000

Railway station, tracks Platform roof

Stop with separate track

Stop without separate track

Normal gauge railway: multiple tracks Bridge

Normal gauge railway: single track Bridge

Narrow gauge railway: multiple tracks Bridge

Narrow gauge, rack, cable railway:single track Bridge

Freight or nostalgic railwayRailway out of service Bridge

Intercommunal tramwaywith stop Bridge

Industrial track Bridge

Tunnels

Galleries

Aerial cable way, chairliftwith intermediate station PylonGoods lift Pylon

Skilift

House Ruin

Remote inn Tower

Greenhouse Storage tank

Allotment (garden) Monument

Church Chapel

Cemetery Shrine, cross

Cooling tower Wind power station

Chimney-stack Castle

Lookout tower Radio transmitter

large antenna small antenna

Camp site Summer toboggan-run

Sports ground Stadium

Rifle range

Race course (horses)

Border of an area Golf course

Ski jump dry wall

Wall Avalanche barricade

Cave, grotto erratic bloc

Contour lines earth, scree / shingle, ice / lake

Index contours earth, scree / shingle, ice / lake

Intermediate contours earth, scree / shingle, ice / lake

Small depression Doline

Escarpment, earth Escarpment, stone

Cutting Embankment

Earth slip Gravel pit

Clay pit Quarry

Rock Scree

Glacier Moraine

10 m (Jura Mtns., Plateau)20 m (Alps) 20 m 50 m

100 m 200 m 200 m

5 m / 10 m 10 m 25 m

Rock with 100 m contour lines

Trigonometric points 1st to 3rd order and LV95

Spot height

Index contour

Lake level Spot height at lake bottom

Forest, defined outline undefined outline

Scattered forest isolated tree / group of trees

Scrub Hedge

Orchard Tree nursery

Vineyard

only Pyramids

3536

Ried

Adorf

Wil

77 7773 73

A1

Ried

A1

Wil

Adorf

387 387 387

2127.6 2127.6 2127.6

1587 713 1587 713 1587 713

800 800 800

419

Roads, tracks

Highway (divided lanes)Junction under construction

Rest areaParking

2nd cl. highway (undivided lanes)Exit / Access under construction

Trunk road Main connecting road

1st cl. road (at least 6 m wide) conspicuous bridge

2nd cl. road (at least 4 m wide) conspicuous bridge

Suburban road (at least 4 m wide) conspicuous bridge

3rd cl. road (at least 2.8 m wide) covered bridge

4th cl., narrow road (at least 1.8 m) Bridge

5th cl., path, trail, bicycle path Footbridge, catwalk

6th cl., footpath Passenger ferry, attachedfree

Traces, mountain passage on glacier

Barrier, traffic ban

conspicuous roundabout Parking lot

Level crossings

Underpasses

Overpasses

Tunnels Ventilation shaft

Gallerie

Parklane Tank road

Traces of historic road

Airport, hard surface runwayAirfield, grass strip

National boundary with numbered markers

Cantonal boundary with markers

District boundary with markers

Municipal boundary with markers

Boundary for National Park or protected area

Boundaries

1: 25 000 1: 50 000 1:100 000 Railways

Topography

Vegetation

Trigonometric points, spot heights

1: 25 000 1: 50 000 1:100 000 Individual symbols 1: 25 000 1: 50 000 1:100 000

Railway station, tracks Platform roof

Stop with separate track

Stop without separate track

Normal gauge railway: multiple tracks Bridge

Normal gauge railway: single track Bridge

Narrow gauge railway: multiple tracks Bridge

Narrow gauge, rack, cable railway:single track Bridge

Freight or nostalgic railwayRailway out of service Bridge

Intercommunal tramwaywith stop Bridge

Industrial track Bridge

Tunnels

Galleries

Aerial cable way, chairliftwith intermediate station PylonGoods lift Pylon

Skilift

House Ruin

Remote inn Tower

Greenhouse Storage tank

Allotment (garden) Monument

Church Chapel

Cemetery Shrine, cross

Cooling tower Wind power station

Chimney-stack Castle

Lookout tower Radio transmitter

large antenna small antenna

Camp site Summer toboggan-run

Sports ground Stadium

Rifle range

Race course (horses)

Border of an area Golf course

Ski jump dry wall

Wall Avalanche barricade

Cave, grotto erratic bloc

Contour lines earth, scree / shingle, ice / lake

Index contours earth, scree / shingle, ice / lake

Intermediate contours earth, scree / shingle, ice / lake

Small depression Doline

Escarpment, earth Escarpment, stone

Cutting Embankment

Earth slip Gravel pit

Clay pit Quarry

Rock Scree

Glacier Moraine

10 m (Jura Mtns., Plateau)20 m (Alps) 20 m 50 m

100 m 200 m 200 m

5 m / 10 m 10 m 25 m

Rock with 100 m contour lines

Trigonometric points 1st to 3rd order and LV95

Spot height

Index contour

Lake level Spot height at lake bottom

Forest, defined outline undefined outline

Scattered forest isolated tree / group of trees

Scrub Hedge

Orchard Tree nursery

Vineyard

only Pyramids

3536

Ried

Adorf

Wil

77 7773 73

A1

Ried

A1

Wil

Adorf

387 387 387

2127.6 2127.6 2127.6

1587 713 1587 713 1587 713

800 800 800

419

Roads, tracks

Highway (divided lanes)Junction under construction

Rest areaParking

2nd cl. highway (undivided lanes)Exit / Access under construction

Trunk road Main connecting road

1st cl. road (at least 6 m wide) conspicuous bridge

2nd cl. road (at least 4 m wide) conspicuous bridge

Suburban road (at least 4 m wide) conspicuous bridge

3rd cl. road (at least 2.8 m wide) covered bridge

4th cl., narrow road (at least 1.8 m) Bridge

5th cl., path, trail, bicycle path Footbridge, catwalk

6th cl., footpath Passenger ferry, attachedfree

Traces, mountain passage on glacier

Barrier, traffic ban

conspicuous roundabout Parking lot

Level crossings

Underpasses

Overpasses

Tunnels Ventilation shaft

Gallerie

Parklane Tank road

Traces of historic road

Airport, hard surface runwayAirfield, grass strip

National boundary with numbered markers

Cantonal boundary with markers

District boundary with markers

Municipal boundary with markers

Boundary for National Park or protected area

Boundaries

1: 25 000 1: 50 000 1:100 000 Railways

Topography

Vegetation

Trigonometric points, spot heights

1: 25 000 1: 50 000 1:100 000 Individual symbols 1: 25 000 1: 50 000 1:100 000

Railway station, tracks Platform roof

Stop with separate track

Stop without separate track

Normal gauge railway: multiple tracks Bridge

Normal gauge railway: single track Bridge

Narrow gauge railway: multiple tracks Bridge

Narrow gauge, rack, cable railway:single track Bridge

Freight or nostalgic railwayRailway out of service Bridge

Intercommunal tramwaywith stop Bridge

Industrial track Bridge

Tunnels

Galleries

Aerial cable way, chairliftwith intermediate station PylonGoods lift Pylon

Skilift

House Ruin

Remote inn Tower

Greenhouse Storage tank

Allotment (garden) Monument

Church Chapel

Cemetery Shrine, cross

Cooling tower Wind power station

Chimney-stack Castle

Lookout tower Radio transmitter

large antenna small antenna

Camp site Summer toboggan-run

Sports ground Stadium

Rifle range

Race course (horses)

Border of an area Golf course

Ski jump dry wall

Wall Avalanche barricade

Cave, grotto erratic bloc

Contour lines earth, scree / shingle, ice / lake

Index contours earth, scree / shingle, ice / lake

Intermediate contours earth, scree / shingle, ice / lake

Small depression Doline

Escarpment, earth Escarpment, stone

Cutting Embankment

Earth slip Gravel pit

Clay pit Quarry

Rock Scree

Glacier Moraine

10 m (Jura Mtns., Plateau)20 m (Alps) 20 m 50 m

100 m 200 m 200 m

5 m / 10 m 10 m 25 m

Rock with 100 m contour lines

Trigonometric points 1st to 3rd order and LV95

Spot height

Index contour

Lake level Spot height at lake bottom

Forest, defined outline undefined outline

Scattered forest isolated tree / group of trees

Scrub Hedge

Orchard Tree nursery

Vineyard

only Pyramids

3536

Ried

Adorf

Wil

77 7773 73

A1

Ried

A1

Wil

Adorf

387 387 387

2127.6 2127.6 2127.6

1587 713 1587 713 1587 713

800 800 800

419

Roads, tracks

Highway (divided lanes)Junction under construction

Rest areaParking

2nd cl. highway (undivided lanes)Exit / Access under construction

Trunk road Main connecting road

1st cl. road (at least 6 m wide) conspicuous bridge

2nd cl. road (at least 4 m wide) conspicuous bridge

Suburban road (at least 4 m wide) conspicuous bridge

3rd cl. road (at least 2.8 m wide) covered bridge

4th cl., narrow road (at least 1.8 m) Bridge

5th cl., path, trail, bicycle path Footbridge, catwalk

6th cl., footpath Passenger ferry, attachedfree

Traces, mountain passage on glacier

Barrier, traffic ban

conspicuous roundabout Parking lot

Level crossings

Underpasses

Overpasses

Tunnels Ventilation shaft

Gallerie

Parklane Tank road

Traces of historic road

Airport, hard surface runwayAirfield, grass strip

National boundary with numbered markers

Cantonal boundary with markers

District boundary with markers

Municipal boundary with markers

Boundary for National Park or protected area

Boundaries

1: 25 000 1: 50 000 1:100 000 Railways

Topography

Vegetation

Trigonometric points, spot heights

1: 25 000 1: 50 000 1:100 000 Individual symbols 1: 25 000 1: 50 000 1:100 000

Railway station, tracks Platform roof

Stop with separate track

Stop without separate track

Normal gauge railway: multiple tracks Bridge

Normal gauge railway: single track Bridge

Narrow gauge railway: multiple tracks Bridge

Narrow gauge, rack, cable railway:single track Bridge

Freight or nostalgic railwayRailway out of service Bridge

Intercommunal tramwaywith stop Bridge

Industrial track Bridge

Tunnels

Galleries

Aerial cable way, chairliftwith intermediate station PylonGoods lift Pylon

Skilift

House Ruin

Remote inn Tower

Greenhouse Storage tank

Allotment (garden) Monument

Church Chapel

Cemetery Shrine, cross

Cooling tower Wind power station

Chimney-stack Castle

Lookout tower Radio transmitter

large antenna small antenna

Camp site Summer toboggan-run

Sports ground Stadium

Rifle range

Race course (horses)

Border of an area Golf course

Ski jump dry wall

Wall Avalanche barricade

Cave, grotto erratic bloc

Contour lines earth, scree / shingle, ice / lake

Index contours earth, scree / shingle, ice / lake

Intermediate contours earth, scree / shingle, ice / lake

Small depression Doline

Escarpment, earth Escarpment, stone

Cutting Embankment

Earth slip Gravel pit

Clay pit Quarry

Rock Scree

Glacier Moraine

10 m (Jura Mtns., Plateau)20 m (Alps) 20 m 50 m

100 m 200 m 200 m

5 m / 10 m 10 m 25 m

Rock with 100 m contour lines

Trigonometric points 1st to 3rd order and LV95

Spot height

Index contour

Lake level Spot height at lake bottom

Forest, defined outline undefined outline

Scattered forest isolated tree / group of trees

Scrub Hedge

Orchard Tree nursery

Vineyard

only Pyramids

Page 9: Reference Maps: Topographic - Esri Supportdownloads2.esri.com/ESRIpress/images/132/brewer_sample_chapter.pdf · REFERENCE MAPS: TOPOGRAPHIC 3 BlACk-ANd-whitE dESigN (Page 5) Road,

REFERENCE MAPS: TOPOGRAPHIC 11

Page 10: Reference Maps: Topographic - Esri Supportdownloads2.esri.com/ESRIpress/images/132/brewer_sample_chapter.pdf · REFERENCE MAPS: TOPOGRAPHIC 3 BlACk-ANd-whitE dESigN (Page 5) Road,

DESIGNED MAPS22

1.9 ARCtiC CoNSERvAtioN AREA MAP

This map emphasizes the lack of land at the Arctic Pole by showing the form of the ocean floor in the region rather than the ice cap. A thin two-tone shadow line along the coasts pulls the land above the water, and green-brown hypsometric tints provide a strong hue contrast with the blue progression for bathymetric tints. The landform colors provide a dark background to contrast with white areas representing permanent ice on land. International boundaries in white also contrast with the land-form colors. Shaded relief combines with the elevation and depth colors for a fuller representation of form both above and below sea level. The map provides a small-scale reference to physical features within the area of concern for the Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF) working group of the Arctic Coun-cil. The boundary of this area is rep-resented with a bold green outline and a wide gradient from white to transparent inward from the bound-ary line. This gradient lightens areas at the inner edge of the area CAFF addresses, producing an appearance of illumination.

Courtesy of Hugo Ahlenius, UNEP/GRID-

Arendal.

C A N A D A

R U S S I A NF E D E R A T I O N

A L A S K A( U S A )

ICELAND

SWEDENNORWAY

GREENLAND(DENMARK)

FINLAND

Svalbard(Norway)

FaroeIslands

(Denmark)

PACIFICOCEAN

ARCTICOCEAN

ATLANTICOCEAN

C

M

Y

CM

MY

CY

CMY

K

caff_map.pdf 2006-09-14 18:55:29

Page 11: Reference Maps: Topographic - Esri Supportdownloads2.esri.com/ESRIpress/images/132/brewer_sample_chapter.pdf · REFERENCE MAPS: TOPOGRAPHIC 3 BlACk-ANd-whitE dESigN (Page 5) Road,

ArcMap TIPS

LIneS

1 Dashed line

• SymbolSelector>Properties>SymbolPropertyEditor>Type:Carto-graphicLineSymbol>Templatetab>dragandclicktemplatetocreatedashpattern

• UseRepresentations*tobettercontroldashedlines:Stroketab>End-ingstoconstraindashbehavioratlineends.

• Representations>Geometriceffect(+)>CutCurvetocontroldashesatlinecornersandends.Usecontrolpointstoensuredashesareplacedovercornersforclaritywherelinechangesdirection

• ArcToolbox>DatamanagementTools>Generalization>Dissolvetocombinelinesegmentstoavoidunnecessarystopsandrestartsinacontinuingdashpattern(dissolveonthefieldbeingsymbolized)

1C 5A 6A 6B

*Right-clickthelayernameinthetableofcontentsandchooseConvertSymbologytoRepresentation.OnlyavailablewithArcEditorandArcInfolicenselevels.

2 Multilayer line

• SymbolPropertyEditor>Type:CartographicLineSymbol>addlayersformultilayerlineeffect(+atbottomleft)>adjustlayerorderusingarrowbuttonsandsetpropertiesforeachlayer

• Amultilayerlinethatincludesasolidlinebelowadashlineprotectstwodashedlinesfromcombiningwitheachothertocreateaninconsistentpattern(suchasoverlaiddashesfromtheboundariesoftwoadjacentcities)

1A 2B 2D

Twolayers:dashandsolidthickerline

Twolayers:hashandwiderline

Threelayers:centerline,fillline,andwidercase

3Cased line

Acasedlinecombinesathinner“fill”lineoverlayingathickerlineinacontrastingcolorthatformsthecase(an“outline”aroundthefillline)• SymbolPropertyEditor>Type:CartographicLineSymbol>create

twolayers>adjustorder,width,andcolor• Lockthecaselinelayertoallowquickerchangestojustthefillline

color

1C 5D

These tips are suited for people who are experienced ArcGIS users and are comfortable navigating the ArcMap application in particular. They do not offer full instructions but rather pointers and keywords that help users dis-cover parts of the software that can be used to accomplish cartographic goals. The instructions are for versions 9.2 or higher.