Reducing Surface Water Pollution - Ms. Kube's Webpage · 2020-05-22 · Reducing Impervious...
Transcript of Reducing Surface Water Pollution - Ms. Kube's Webpage · 2020-05-22 · Reducing Impervious...
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Reducing Surface
Water Pollution
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Essential Standard 2.4
Evaluate how humans use water.
Learning Objective 2.4.2
Evaluate human influences on water
quality in North Carolina’s river basins,
wetlands, and tidal environments.
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I Can Statements
At the end of this lesson, you should be
able to say, with confidence:
• I can list several ways to reduce surface runoff
• I can list several ways to reduce excess
sediment pollution
• I can list several ways to reduce nitrate and
phosphate pollution
• I can list several ways to reduce pesticide
pollution
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Point Source PollutionSince the source of point source pollution is
known and the entry into surface water is
through a pipe, point source pollution can be
easily monitored and reduced.
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Nonpoint Source PollutionNonpoint source pollution, however, is not so easily
monitored or reduced, since it has comes from many
sources and has an accumulative effect often far
downstream from the original source.
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Reducing Impervious SurfacesSince most nonpoint source pollution enters surface
water through surface runoff, reducing the amount of
impervious surfaces can reduce the amount of
surface runoff.
Permeable concrete allows water to still
infiltrate into the ground.
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Reducing Impervious SurfacesBreaking up pavement with strips of vegetated land
allows for water to be diverted and allowed to infiltrate
into the ground.
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Diverting Surface RunoffSurface runoff can also be diverted into rain
gardens or onto vegetated land, where it can then
infiltrate the ground.
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Rain BarrelsRunoff from the roofs of houses and other buildings
can be collected in rain barrels and later used to
water the lawn and gardens.
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Reducing Sediment RunoffThe same best management practices used to
reduce erosion also will reduce sediments in
surface runoff and in surface water.
Silt Fences Gravel at Entrances Vegetation
No Till Farming Contour Farming Cow Ponds
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Reducing Sediment RunoffMost cities require the creation of sediments ponds
with all new development.
Rainwater is
diverted into the
sediment pond
where it is allowed
to settle, never
reaching a flowing
stream or lake.
Sediment ponds can also be a very attractive and
appealing addition to a neighborhood or business.
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Reducing Nitrates & PhosphatesOne way to reduce nitrates and phosphates in
surface water is to reduce the need for fertilizers.
Native plants
grow in natural
areas without
any additional
fertilizers.
Created several gardens that contain native plants
and reducing lawn size reduces the need for
additional fertilizers.
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Reducing Nitrates & PhosphatesPlanting the same crop year after year depletes the soil
of nutrients since the plants continue to require and
remove the same nutrients from the soil each year.
Rotating crops,
especially with legume
plants, can actually
enrich the soil with
nutrients and reduce the
need for fertilizer.
Nitrogen Cycle, Soybeans, and George Washington Carver
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Reducing Nitrates & PhosphatesDiverting runoff and waste treatment water into
wetlands, where the nitrates and phosphates can be
filtered out by the wetland plants, can also reduce
nitrates and phosphates in surface water.
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Maintaining Riparian BuffersRiparian buffers are areas of vegetated land that runs
along streams.
Riparian buffers should
always be a mixtures of tall
grasses, shrubs, and trees.
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Maintaining Riparian BuffersThe grasses slow the water down and allow it to
infiltrate the ground, instead of flowing into streams.
The trees and
shrubs, having
deeper roots, can
remove the nitrates
and phosphate from
the groundwater.
Riparian buffers also provide a wide variety of
habitats and can help keep surface water cooler.
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Reducing PesticidesNative plants have more natural defenses against
native pests and reduce the need for pesticides.
There are also there are some
insects, called beneficial
insects, that prey upon pests
that eat crops and flowers.
Encouraging beneficial
insects, such as ladybugs,
to makes homes in gardens
and near crops help reduce
the need for pesticides.
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Reducing PesticidesSince pests often prefer dining on the same species
of plants, alternating rows of crops with different
plants can slow down the spread of pests and
reduce the need for pesticides.
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Reduce Crop Dusting While reducing pesticide use is good, some
pesticide use will still be necessary especially for
commercial crops.
Pesticides in surface runoff can
be reduced with better, more
directed application methods.
Crop dusting allows
pesticides to be carried with
the wind onto more just the
targeted crops.
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Reducing Litter When people see litter already alongside a road, they
are more apt to also litter.
By not being someone
willing to litter and by
participating in voluntary
litter clean ups, you can
help reduce litter in
surface water.
Studies show that people who have participated
in at least one voluntary litter pick up event are
more likely to never litter.
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The End