~REDSTART - Brooks Bird Club · PENDLETON COUNTY FORAY Area Survey E. R.Chandler A general...

~REDSTART VOLUME 41-NUMBER2 APRIL, 1974

Editorial Staff

Editor George F. Hurley 920 Hughes Drive St. Albans, W. Va.

Field Notes Editor Mrs. John Laitsch MC 21, East Liverpool, Ohio

Art Editor Mrs. Harvey Shreve P. O. Box 311 St. Albans, W. Va.

Banding Notes Editor Mrs. Constance Katholi 930 Woodland Ave. South Charleston, W. Va.

Current Periodicals Reporter Clark Miller Inwood, W. Va.

Advisory Editorial Board Dr. George A. Hall, Dr. Harold E. Burtt, John Laitsch, Roland D. Cowger, Miss Lena Artz, Miss Maxine Thacker.

Contents Page

Pendleton County foray Area Survey

-E. R. Chandler ...................... 54

Herbaceous Flowering Plants of Pendleton County, W~ Va. -Zettie Stewart, Bob Richardson and

Gene Hutton ........................ 56

Fishes of Thorn Creek, W. Va. -David F. Ross ....... . ............. 71

Shrubs of Pendleton County - Bob Richardson .............. 73

Climatic Record for the 1973 Pendleton County Foray -howard Blakeslee

Thorne Springs Foray: 1973 Bird List

.. 75

-Kenneth H. Anderson .. .76

Dragonflies of Pendleton County, W. Va. -Paul D. Harwood.. . . ........ 81

Trees of Pendleton County -Bob Richardson ...................... 85

Green-winged Teal Nests in West Virginia -Paul D. Harwood ..................... 86

Field Notes -Nevada Laitsch ...................... 87

The Gathering Cage -Constance Katholi ................... 91

THE REDSTART is published quarterly in January, April, July and October at 920 Hughes Drive, St. Albans, W. Va. 25177. The official organ of the Brooks Bird Club, it is mailed to all members in good standing. Non-member subscription price is S2. 50~ Indi,idual copies cost SO.50 except the Foray issue which is S1.00. Changes of address and requests for back issues should bemailed~o707WarwoodAve .• Wheeling.W.Va. All articles for pUblica.tion and books for review should be mailed to the Editor.

Application to mail at Second Class postage rates is pending at St. Albans, W. Va. Printed by Harless Printing Company, St. Albans, W. Va.

53

PENDLETON COUNTY FORAY Area Survey

E. R.Chandler A general description of the physical features of Pendleton County as related to the 1963 For~y of the Brooks Bird Club with an observation on the 1973 Foray.

The 1963 Foray of the Brooks Bird Club was the first one held in Pendleton County, although some ofthe members attended a Nature Camp in the Smoke Hole region in the early 1930's. Three previous Forays have been held nearby at Thornwood in the northern part of Pocahontas County.

Foray headquarters were located at Thorn, Spring Park, the old "Reunion Grounds," on Thorn Creek about three miles south of Franklin, the-county seat.

The entire county was under observation during the week and although most of the intensive work was done near camp, field trips to different parts of the county were made for biotic studies and their results recorded. '

,Pendleton County lies in the eastern part of \V est' Virginia, just north of center, imd is bordered on the east and south by Rockingham, Augusta and Highland Counties, Virginia. It is one of the largest in the state, having an area of 696.88 square miles, and is the most rugged, being geologically folded into,a series of A shaped mountains and V shaped valleys.

The mountains and accompanying valleys generally lie in a northeast-southwest direction. Three north-flowing branches of the Potomac River drain the county: the South Branch drains the central section; the North Fork (of the South Branch), the western; and the Moorefield or South Fork (of the South Branch), the eastern.

. The western boundary of Pendleton County lies along Allegheny Mountain (Allegheny Front). The eastern border is the Virginia line at the top of Shenandoah Mountairi. The county is divided in the center along the nortb-south axis by North Fork Mountain. These mountains have an average elevation of over 4000 feet above sea level. Lying between the three high ranges are mo'untains of lower elevation.

The average elevation of the cOUlity is more than 3000 feet, varying from Spruce Knob, the highest point in the state (4860 feet) to the South Branch of the Potomac River near the Grant County line at an elevation of 1155 feet above sea leveL .

Most of the high mountains are capped with erosion-resistant'Medina sandstone and outcropping may be seen in a number of places in the county, notably a series of sharp ridges east of North Fork River, the most spectacular being Seneca Rocks. Limestone occurs in many places, underlying most of Germany Valley, part of an extensive syncline west of North Fork Mountain. The presence of limestone accounts for the many caves. Seneca Caverns in Germany Valley is an interesting example. Fossil-bearing shales are present and may be seen along many ridges and road cuts.

In general the uplan'd soils are derived from non-calcareous sandstone and shale, except in the areas mentioned above where limestone is present. The alluvial soils in the valleys produce good crops. (1)

A wide variation of climatic conditions exists in Pendleton County. Allegheny , Front, a high escarpment on the, west, is a storm center with heavy rainfall and

54 THE REDSTART-APRIL, 1974

severe winters. Most of the county lies to the east and is relatively dry. The valleys have mild winters and good growing seasons with well distributed rainfall. The average annual precipitation is between 35 and 40 inches, much lower than the state average of 45-50 inches. Upper Tract near the Grant COUlity line has less than 30 inches a year, the driest ,place in the,state, ra,infallwise.

No part ofthe cOllnty is heavily populated and'there are no large industries. Some lumbering and quarrying .operations are carried on. In recent years the construction Df the Radio Astronomy center in the Shenandoah Mountains near Sugar Grove has caused some changes in that region. (See below). Well cultivated farmland is located in the valleys and sheep and, cattle are r,aised .on the plateaus and mDuntainsides. The George Washington and Monongahela National Forests cover about 1/4 ofthe land.

A recent soil cDnservation and land use report (2) reveals the extent to which the county is forested and the types present:

Total Acreage of Pendleton County National Forests

, Forested Land Non-forested Land

Forest Types in Percentages

444,800 A. 103,900 A. 333,300 A. 111,500 A.

Mixed Oak-Pine ' 13% Spruce-Hardwoods 4% Northern Cove HardwDDds 15% Chestnut Oak 25% Oak-Hickory 40%

With so much national forest land'tD be wDrked and with the variety .of habitats available, Pendleton County offers a real challenge to field workers Dfthe future.

Some changes noted· in the socio-econDmic conditions in Pendleton County between 1963 and 1973: Although the population of the county has changed little, (the 1970 population 7,031) a number of changes were noticed. The ~aval

communications center near Cherry Grove is in operation and a number of new homes have been built in that area. A new shoe factory emplOYIng about 200 is

.located at the junction of U.S. Rt. 220 and the Thorn Spring road. Limestone quarrying operations are being carried on in Germany Valley. More tourists are visiting the area. There are many new homes and mobile homes alDng the secondary blacktopped roads, the shopping community of Franklin appears busy and more prosperous. Many farms and private lands formerly access able for biotic study are now posted with no trespassing signs. Pendleton County is changing from a remote area with almost inaccessable back country it was once thought to be.

References W. Va. Geological Survey, Pendleton County Report, Tilton, J. L. Prouty, W. F.

and Price, Paul H. 1927.' , (1) Soil Survey of Hardy and Pendleton Counties, W. Va. and U.S. Dept. of Agricul

ture, series 1930, No. 14, Williams, B. H. and Fridley, H. M. (2) W. Va. Soil and Water Conservation Needs Inventory Land lJse' . . ., a

preliminary report issued by W. Va. Conservation Needs Comm. 1961. -Chester, West Virginia

THE REDSTART-APRIL, 1974 55 .

Herbaceous Flowering Plants of Pendleton County ~ W. Va. __ 01

Zettie Stewart, Bob Richardson and Gene Hutton

The following list of herbaceous flowering plants (not including grasses, sedges and rushes) was recorded in Pendleton County during the 1973 Foray of the Brooks Bird Club. The assistance of Floyd Bartley, Ann Pyle, John Findley, Orpha Richardson and others is greatly apprecIated. The listing follows that of the Flora of West Virginia 1952-1970 by Strausbaugh and Core.

Please let it be understood that some of the plants listed were not flowering at the time of observation. Z.S. . TYPHACEAE CATTAIL FAMILY

Typha latifolia L. SP ARGANIACEAE

Sparganium sp. ZOSTERACEAE

Potamogeton sp. ALISMATACEAE

Alisma subcordatum Raf. Sagittaria sp.

HYDROCHARITACEAE Elodea canadensis Michx ..

ARACEAE Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott A risaema stewardsonii Britton Arisaema dracontium (L.) Schott Symplocarpusfoetidus (L.) Nutt. Acorus ctLlamus L.

LEMNACEAE Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid.

COMMELINACEAE Commelina communis L. Commelina virginica L.

HETERANTHERA R&P H eteranthera dubia J acq.

LILIACEAE

Broad-leaved Cattail BURREED FAMILY

Burreed PONDWEED FAMILY

Pondweed WATER PLANTAIN FAMILY

Common Water Plantain Arrow-head

FROG'S BIT FAMILY Canada Waterweed

ARUM FAMILY Jack-in-the-pulpit Jack-in-the-pulpit Green Dragon Skunk Cabbage Calamus

DUCKWEED FAMILY Greater Duckweed

SPIDERWORT FAMILY Asiatic Day-flower Virginia Day-flower

Mud Plantain LILY FAMILY

*Xerophyllum asphodeloides (L.) Nutt. Turkey Beard On Reddish Knob ascent.

ChamaeHrium luteum (L.) Gray Amianthium muscaetoxicum (Walt.)

Gray Melanthium sp. Melanthium virginicum L. VEratrum viride Ait. Uvularia perfoliata L.

56

Devil's Bit

Fly Poison Bunchflower

White Hellebore Mealy Bellwort

THE REDSTART-APRIL, 1974

Uvularia grandiflora J.E. Smith Uvularia sessilifolia L. Uvularia pudica (Walt.) Fernald Allium sp. Allium vineale L. . Allium allegheniense Small H emerocallis iulva L.

Lilium philq.delphicum L. . Lilium canadense L. Lilium tigrinum L. Yuccafilamentosa L. Asparagus officinalis L. Clintonia umbellulata (Mich.) 8milacina racemosa (L.) Desf. Maianthemum canadense Desf. Disporum lanuginosum (Mich.) Nichols l'vledeola virginiana L. Polygonatum pubescens (\Villd.) Pursh. Polygonatum biflorum (Walt.) Ell. Polygonatum canaliculatum (Muhl.)

Pursh Trillium grand(florum (Michx.) Salisb. Trillium nivale Riddell Smilax herbacea L. Smilax ecirrhata (Engelm.) Smila:" glauca (Walt.) Smilax rotundzfolia L. Smila.:" hispida CVluhl.)

DIOSCOREACEAE Dioscorea iJollosa L. Dioscorea quaternata (Walt.)

A:vIARYLLIDACEAE Hypo:cis hirsuta (L.) Coville

IRIDACEAE Sisyrinchium mucronatum Michx. Sisryinchium angustifolium Mill. Iris verna L.

ORCHIDACEAE Cypripedium acaule Ait. Habenariaflava (L.) R. Br. Habenaria psychodes (L.) Spreng.? Isotria ,'erticillata (Willd.) Raf. Spiranthes lucida (H.H. Eaton) Ames. Goodyera pubescens (Willd.) R. Br. Aplechtrum hyemale (Muhl.) Torr.


Large-flowered Bellwort Strawlily Mountain Bellwort Onion Wild Garlic Allegheny Wild Onion Common Day Lily Wood Lily Canada Lily Tiger Lily· Adam's Needle Garden Asparagus White Clintonia False Solomon's Seal Wild Lily of the Valley Hairy Disporum Indian Cucumber Root Downy Solomon's Seal Common Solomon's Seal

Great Solomon's Seal Large Flowered Trillium Snowy Trillium Carrion Flower Upright Smilax Sa\v Brier Common Greenbrier Hispid Greenbrier

YAM FAMILY Wild Yam Four-leaved Wild Yam

AMARYLLIS FAMILY Yellow Stargrass

IRIS FAMILY Blue-eyed Grass Blue-eyed Grass Drarf Iris

ORCHID FAMILY Pink Lady's Slipper Pale Green Orchis Small Purple-fringed Orchis Whorled Pogonia Shining Ladies' Tresses Downy Rattlesnake Plantain Puttyroot

, 57

Liparis lilifolia (L.) Richard CANNABINA.CEAE

Cannabis sativa L. URTICACEAE

Urtica dioica L. Laport~acanadenis (L.) Wedd. Pilea pumila (L.) Gray Parietaria pensylvanica Muhl.

SANTALACEAE Comandra umbellata (L.) Nutt.

ARISTOLOCHIACEAE Asarum canadense L. Asarum virQim'cum L. Aristolochia serpentaria L. Aristolochia durior Hill.

POLYGONACEAE ,Rumex altissimus Wood Rumex crispus L. Rumex 9btusifolius L. Rumex acetosella L. Tovara virginiana (L.) Raf. Polygonum erectum L. Polygonum aviculare L. PoZygonum timue Michx. Polygonum pensylvanicum L. Po[ygonum hydropiper L. Polygonum persicarza L. Polygonum sagittatum L. Polygonum cilinode M~chx. Polygoiium scarulens L. Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. & Zucco

CHENOPODIACEAE Chenopodium murale L. Chenopodium hybridumL. Chenopodium album L.

AMARANTHACEAE, Amarimthus retroflexus L.

PHYTOLACCACEAE Phytolacca americana L.

AIZOACEAE Mollugo verticillata L.

PORTULACACEAE Portulaca oleracea L.

CARYOPHYLLACEAE

Large Twayblc.de HEMP FAMILY

Hemp NETTLE FAMILY,

Stinging Nettle, Wood Nettle Clearweed Pennsylvania Pellitory

SANDALWOOD FAMILY Bastard Toadflax

B~RTHWORT FAMILY Wild Ginger Coltsfoot Virginia Snakeroot Pipevine

BUCKWHEAT FAMILY Fall or Pale Dock Curly Dock Bitter Dock Sheep Sorrel Virginia Knotweed Erect Knotweed Knotweed Slender Knotweed Pennsylvania Smartweed Common Smartweed Lady's Thumb Arrowleaf Tearthumb Fringed Black Bindweed Climbing False Buckwheat Japanese Knotweed

GOOSEFOOT FAMILY Nettleleaf Goosefoot Mapleleaf Goosefoot Lamb's Quarters

AMARANTH FAMILY Pigweed

POKEWEED FAMILY Pokeweed

CARPETWEED FAMILY Carpetweed

PURSLANE FAMILY Common J'urslane

PINK FAMILY Paronychia argyrocoma (Michx.) Nutt. Silvery Whitlowwort

on top of Pike's Knob and on South Fork Mountain

58 . THE REDSTART-APRIL, 1974

Paronychia canadensis (L.) Wood Paronychiafastiglata (Raf.) Fernald Sag ina procumbes L. A,renaria serpyllifolia L.

, Arenarz'a stricta Michx. Stellarza media (L.) Cyrillo Stellaria pubera Michx. Ste(laria graminea L. Stellaria longifolia Muhl. Cerastium vulgatum,L. Lychnis alba Mill. Silene cucubalus Wibel. Silene stellata (L.) Ait. f. Silene antirrhina L. Silene pensylvanica Michx. Silene virgim:ca L., Sa,ponaria, officinalis L. Dianthus armerza L.

CERATOPHYLLACEAE

Smooth Forked-chickweed, Hairy Forked-chickweed Pearlwort Thymeleaf Sand wort Rock Sand wort Common Chickweed Great Chickweed Lesser Stitchwort Longleaf Stitchwort Common Mouse-ear Chickweed White Campion Bladder Campion Starry Campion Sleepy Catchfly Wild Pink Fire Pink Bouncing Bet Deptford Pink

HORNWORT FAMILY Ceratopli-yZlum demersum L. Hornwort '

in cattle pond northeast of Riverton NYMPHAEACEAE - WATERLILYFAMILY

Nuphar advena (Ait.) RANUNCULACEAE " * Ranunculus sp. near flabellaris &

Spadderdock CROWFOOT FAMILY

macounii Buttercup found in a drying ditch in a field at "Deer Heads" Ranch near Fort Seybert.

Ranunculus allegheniensis Brit,ton Alleghe~y Crowfoot Ranunculus abortivus L. Kidneyleaf Cro~foot Ranunculus recurvatus Poir. Hooked Crowfoot Ranunculus septentrionalis Poir. Ranunculus repens L. Ranunculus acris L. Ranunculus bulbosus L. Trautvetteriacaroliniensis (Walt.) Thalictrum steeleanum Boivin -Thalictrum dioicUm L. Thalictrum revolutum DC. Thalictrum polygamum M uhl. Anemonella thalictroides (L.) Spach Hepatica amerz:cana (DC.) Ket. Hepatica acutiloba DC Anemone virgimana L. Anemone quinquefolia L. Clematis virginiana L.


Northern Swamp Buttercup' Creeping Buttercup Meadow Buttercup Bulbous Buttercup Tasselrue Steele's Meadowrue Early Meadowrue Revolute Meadowrue Tall Meadowrue ' Rue Anemone Roundlobe Hepatica Sharplobe Hepatica Thimbleweed Wood'Anemone Virgin's Bower

59

Clematis virona L. Clematis albicoma Wherry Caltha palustris L. Aquilegia caruzaensis L. Aquilegia coccinea Small Delphinium afac;is L. Aconitum unicinatum L: Cimicifuga racemosa (L.) Nutt. Actaea pachypoda Ell.

BERBERIDACEAE Podophyllum peltatum L. Jeffersonia. diphylla (L.) Pers. Caulophyllum thalictr01"des (L.)

Michx.

PAPAVERACEAE Sanguinaria canadensis L. Chell"donium maJus L. Papaver dubium L.

FUMARIACEAE Dicentra eximia (Ker.) Torr. Corydalis Flavula (Raf.)

CRUCIFERAE

Leatherflower White haired Leatherflower Marsh-marigold Wild Columbine Large Wild Columbine Rocket Larkspur Blue Monkshood Black Cohosh White Baneberry

BARBERRY FAMILY May-apple Twinleaf

Blue Cohosh POppy FAMILY

Bloodroot Celadine Poppy

FUMITORY FAMILY. Wild Bleeding-heart Yellow Corydalis

MUSTARD FAMILY Draba ramo sis sima Desv. Rocktwist Berteroaincana (L.) DC Hoary Alyssum

A field C'u road from camp to Moyers was white with this plant. Alyssum alyssoides L. Yellow Alyssum Thlaspi arvense L. Field Pennycress Lepidium campestre (L.) R. Br. Field Cress Lepidium virginicum L. Wild Peppergrass' Lepidium densiflorum Schrad. Dense-flowered Peppergrass Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic. Shepherd's Purse Camelina microcarpa Andrz. Small-fruited False-flax Brassica hirta Moech. White Mustard Brassica nigra (L.) Koch Brassica napus L. Alliaria officinalis Andrz. Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop. Sisymbrium altissimum L. Descurainia pinnata (Walt.) Britton Hesperis matronalis L. Rorippa islandica (Oeder) Borbas Nasturtium officinale R. Br. Barbareavulgaris R. Br. Dentaria diphylla Michx. Cardamine hirsuta L.

60

Black Mustard Turnip Garlic Mustard' Hedge Mustard Thumble Mustard Tansy Mustard Dame's Rocket Marsh Yellow Cress Watercress Winter Cress Two-leaved Toothwort Hairy Bittercress


Arabis lyrata L. Arabis glabra(L.) Bernh. Arabis pycnocarpa Hopkins A rabis laevigata (M uhl.) Arabis canadensis L.

DROSERACEAE Drosera rotundifolia

CRASSULACEAE Sedum acre L. Sedum sarmentosum Bunge Sedum ternatum Michx. Sedum glaucophyllum R. T. Clausen Sedum telephioides Michx.

Lyreleaf Rockcress Tower Mustard Hairy Rockcress Smooth Rockcress Sicklepod

SUNDEW FAMILY Round-leaved Sundew

ORPHINE FAMILY Mossy Stonecrop Sedum WildStonecrop . Claucous-leaved Stonecrop Wild Liveforever

SAXIFRAGACEAE .

glaucous green and purplish colonies

SAXIFRAGE FAMILY Penthorum sedoides L. Saxifraga micranthidifolia

(Haw.) Britton Saxifraga pensylvanica L. Saxifrage virginiensis' Michx. Heuchera americana L. Heuchera alba Rydb. Mitella diphylla L. Chrysopleniumamericanum Schwein.

ROSACEAE Aruncus dioicus (Walt.) FernaldGillenia trifoliata (L.) Moench. Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Fragaria vesca L. Waldsteinia fragarim"des

(Michx.) Trattinick -Potentilla tridentata Ait.

Ditch Stonecrop

Lettuce Saxifrage Swamp Saxifrage Early Saxifrage Alumroot White-flowered Heuchera Miterwort Golden Saxifrage

ROSE FAMILY Goatsbeard Bowman's Root Virginia Strawberry Woodland Strawberry

Barren Strawberry Three-toothed CinquefoIl

On top of Pike's Knob. Potentilla argentea L. Potentilla recta L. Potentilla norvegl:ca L. Potentilla canadense. Geum canadense J acq. Geum strictum Ait. Agrimonia parviflora AiL

LEGUMINOSAE Cassia hebecarpa Fernald

. Cassia nictitans L. Bapti.sia tinctoria (L.) R. Br. Lupinus perennis L.


Silvery Cinquefoil Upright Cinquefoil Rough Cinquefoil Common Cinquefoil White Avens Yellow A vens Small-flowered Agrimony

PURSE FAMILY Wild Senna Wild Sensitive Plant Wild Indigo Wild Lupine

61

Trifolium arvense L. Trifolium pratense L. Trifolium repens L.

. Trifolium hybndium L. Trifolium agrarium L. Trifolium procumbens L.

* Trifolium dubium Sibth.

Rabbitfoot Clover Red Cldver White Clover Alsike Clciver Yellow Hop Clover Low Hop Clover Smali Hop Clover .

Thorn Creek Road. Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam. Melilotus alba Desr. Medicago sativa L.

Yellow S;'veetclover White Sweetclover Alfalfa

A white form of Alfalfa was also seen. Medicago lupulina L. Tephrosia virginiana (L.) Pers. Astragalus canadensis L. Coronilla varia L. Desmqdium nudiflorum (L.) DC Desmodium glutinosum (Muhl.) Wood Desmodium rotundifolium DC Lespedeza procumbens Michx. Lespedezarepens (L.) Bart. LespedezakiTta (L.) Hornem. Lespedeza striata (Thunb.) Lespedeza stipulacea Maxim. Lespedeza sericea (Thunb.) Benth Stylosanthes biflora (L.) BSP. Vicia angustifolia Reichard Vicia caroliniana Walt. ViC'l:a villosa Roth Vicia americana Muh. Lathyrus venosus Muhl. Lathyrus latifolius L. Apios americana Medic Strophostyles hevola (L.) Ell. Amphicarpa bracteate (L.) Fernald Pueraria lobata (Willd.)

LINACEAE Linum perenne L. Linum lewisii Pursh. Linum kickxia elantine

OXALIDACEAE *Oxalis dillenii J acq. Oxalis montana Raf. Oxalis violacea L. Oxali.s corniculata L.

62

Black Medic Goat's Rue Milkvetch Coronilla Tick -Trefoil Tick -Trefoil Tick-Trefoil Bushclover Bushclover Bushclover Japan Bushclover Korean Lespedeza Sericea Lespedeza Pencilflower Common Vetch Wild Vetch Hairy Vetch American Vetch Veinypeavlne Perennial Pea Grountnut Trailing Wild Bean American Hogpeanut Kudzu Vine

FLAX FAMILY Flax Prairie Flax Sharp-pointed Toad Flax

WOOD SORREL FAMILY Wood Sorrel White Wood Sorrel Violet Wood Sorrel Yellow Procumbent Wood Sorrel


Oxalis stricta L. Oxalis filipes Small Oxalis europaea J ord. forma cymosa [O.rufa Small)

GERANIACEAE · Geranium maculatum L. Geranium columbinum L. Geranium carolinianum L. Geranium pusillum L.

· Geraniummolle L. Geranium robertianum L. Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'Her.

POLYGALACEAE Polygala paucifolia Willd. Polygala polygama Walt. Polygala senegaL.

EUPHORBIACEAE Acalypha rhomboidea Raf.

· Euphorbia commutata Engelm. Euphorbia lathyris L. Euphorbia corolla6a L. Euphorbia maculata L.

GALLITRICHACEAE Callitriche deflexa A. Br.

BALSAMINACEAE Impatiens palli;la Nutt. Impatiens capensis Meerb.

MAIN ACEAE· Malva neglecta W allr. Malva moschata L. Sida spinosa L. Abutilon theophra.sti

GUTTIFERAE

Upright Yellow Wood Sorrel Slender Yellow Wood Sorrel

Wood Sorrel GERANIUM FAMILY

Wild Geranium Dove's Foot Geranium Carolina Crane's-bil1 Small-flowered Crane's-bill Dove's foot Crane's-bili HerbRobert Heron's-bill

MILKWORT FAMILY Gay Wings Racemed Milkwort Seneca Snakeroot

SPURGE FAMILY. Common Three-seeded Mercury Wood Spurge

. Caper Spurge . Flowering Spurge Spotted Spurge

WATER STARWORT FAMILY Austin's Water Starwort

JEWELWEED FAMILY Pale Touch-me-not Jewelweed

MALLOW FAMILY Cheeses Musk Mallow Prickly Sid a Velvetleaf

ST. JOHN'S-WORT FAMILY *Asyrum stans Michx. St. Peter's-wort Hypericum perforatum L. Common St. John's-wort Hypericum punctatum Lam. Dotted St. John's-wort Hypericum spathalatum (Spach) Steud. Shrubby St. John's-wort

CISTACEAE . ROCKROSE FAMILY Helianthemum canadense

(L.) Michx. Lecheq racemulosa Michx.

VIOLACEAE Hybanthus concolor (Foster) Spreng.

· Viola pedata L. Viola cucullata Ait.


Frostweed Pinweed

VIOLET FAMILY Green Violet Bird-foot Violet Marsh Blue Violet

63

Viola papihonacea Pursh Violajimbriatula Sm. Viola sagittata Ait. Viola triloba Scnwein. Viola palmata L. Viola incognita Brainerd Viola rotundifolia Michx. Viola hastata Michx. Viola pubescens Ait. Viola striata Ait.

(extremely abundant) Wola conspera Reichenb. Viola appalachiensis Henry Viola rajinesquii Greene

P ASSIFLORACEAE Passi/lora lutea L.

CACTACEAE

Common Blue Violet Ovate-leaved Violet Arrow -leaf Violet Three-lobed Violet Palmate-leaf Violet "Unknown" Violet Roundleaf Violet Halbert-leaf Yellow Violet Downy Yellow Violet

Striped Violet American Dog Violet· Appalachian Blue Violet Wild Pansy

PASSION FLOWER FAMILY Yellow Passion Flower

CACTUS FAMILY Opuntia humifusa Raf. Prickly-pear

common and in full bloom on shale barrens

LYTHRACEAE Guphea petiolata L.

ONAGRACEAE Ludwigia alternifolia L. Epilobium angustifolium L. Epilobium coloratum Oenothera biennis L. Oenothera argillicola Mackenzie Oenothera laciniata Hill Oenothera pilosella Raf. Oenotherafruticosa L. Oenothera tetragona Roth

Oenothera perennis L. . Gauna biennis L. Gircaea quadrisulcata

(Maxz.)F&S Gircaea alpina L.

ARALIACEAE Aralia racemosa L. Aralianudicaulis L. Panax quinquefolius L.

UMBELLIFERAE Hydrocotyle americana L. Sanicula marilandica L .. Sanicula gregaria Bicknell Osmorhiza clay toni (Michx.) Clarke

64

LOOSESTRIFE FAMILY Tarweed

EVENING-PRIMROSE FAMILY Seedbox Fireweed Purple-leaved Willow-herb Common Evening-primrose Shale Evening-primrose Cuneaved Evening-primrose Meadow Sundrops Narrow-leaved Sundrops Common Sundrops Sundrops Gaura

Enchanter's-Nightshade Alpine Enchanter's-Nightshade

GINSENG FAMILY American Spikenard Wild Sarsaparilla Ginseng

CARROT FAMILY American W ater-penny wort Sanicle· Clustered Snakeroot Hairy Sweet Cicely


Osmorhiza longistylis (Torr.) DC. Gonium maculatum L. BllpleiLr1lm rotundlfolium L. Zizia aptera (Gray) Fernald Z izia tn/oliata (Mich.) Fernald Zizia aurea (L.) Koch. Gicuta maculata L. Gryptotaenia canadensis (L.) DC. Taenidiaintergerrima (L.) Dr:ude. Ligusticum canadense (L.) Britton Thaspium trifoliatum (L.) Gray Thaspium barbinode (Michx.) Nutt. Angelica venenosa (Greenway)

Fernald Angelica atropurpurea L. Oxypolis rigidior (L.) Coult. & Rose Pseudotaenida montana Mackenzie Pastinaca satz:va L. Heraclellm maximum Bartr. Daucus carota L.

PYROLACEAE Ghimaphila umbellata (L.) Nutt. GMmaphila maculata (L.) Pursh.

PRIMULACEAE Dodecatheon meadia L. Lysimachia quadrifolia L. Lysimachia terrestris (L.) E.S.P. Lysimachia nummulaT?a L. Lysimachia ciliata L. Lysimachla lanceolata

. Tn·entalis borealis Raf.

Smooth Sweet Cicely Poison Hemlock. Thoroughwax Golden Alexanders Golden Alexanders Golden Alexanders Water Hemlock Honewort Yellow Pimpernel Angelico Woodland Meadow-parsnip Hairy-jointed Meadow-parsnip

Hairy Angelica Purple Angelica Cowbane Mountain Pimpernel Parsnip Cow Parsnip Queen Anne's Lace

WINTERGREENF AMILY Pipsissewa Spotted Wintergreen

PRIMROSE FAMILY Shooting Star Whorled Loosestrife Bulbous Loosestrife Moneywort Fringed Loosestrife Lance-leaved Loose-strife Star Flower

Anagallis arvensis L. Common Pimpernel the form with blue flowers, forma caeruela (Schreb.)

Baumg, was also present.

APOCYNACEAE Apocynum androsaemifolium L. Apocynum cannabinum L.

ASCLEPIADACEAE AscleJ11as tuberosa L. Asclepias purpurascens L. Asclepias incarnata L. Asclepias quadrifolia J acq. A.sclepla.s exaltata L. Asclepias variegata L. AscZeplas sYT?aca L.


DOGBANE FAMILY Spreading Dogbane Indian Hemp

MILKWEED FAMILY Butterfly Weed Purple Milkweed Swamp Milkweed Four-leaved Milkweed Poke Milkweed White Milkweed Common Milkweed

65

CONVOLVULACEAE Ipomoea hederacea (L.) Jacq. Ipomoea purpurea L. Ipomoea pandurata (L.) G .P.W. Mey. Convolvulus spithamaeus L. Convolvulus purshianus Wherry Convolvulus rirvensis L. Cuscuta indecora Choisy

POLEMONIACEAE Polemonium rep tans L. Phlox stolonifera Sims Phlox ovata L. Phlox maculata L.

*Phlox carolina L. HYDROPHYLLACEAE

HydrophyUum macrophyllum Nutt. HydrophyUum virginianum L. HydrophyUum canadense L.

BORAGINACEAE Symphytum officinale L. Echium vulgare L.

. Lithospermum arvense L. Cynoglossum officinale L. Cynoglossum virginianum L. lVJyOSOtl:S scorpiodies L. l'rfyosotis taxa Lehm.

VERBENACEAE Verbena urticaefolia L.

LABIATAE Teucrium canadense L. Scutellaria ovata Hill Scutellaria serrata Andr. MaTT'dbium vulgare L. Nepeta cataria Glechoma hederacea L. Prunella vulgaris L. Dracocepha'lum parvijlorum

Nutt. (Moldavica) Leonurus cardiaca L. Leonurus marrubiastrum L. Lamium amplexacule L. Salvia lyrata L. Monarda didyma L. Monarda clinopodia L. Monardafistulosa L.

66

MORNING-GLORY FAMILY Ivy-leaved Morning-glory Morning-glory Wild Potato Vine Upright or Low Bindweed Shale Bindweed Field Bindweed Dodder

POLEMONIUM FAMILY Greek Valerian Creeping Phlox Mountain Phlox Wild Sweet William Carolina Pink Phlox

W ATERLEAF FAMILY Large-leaved Waterleaf VirginiaWaterleaf Broad-leaved Waterleaf

BORAGE FAMILY Comfrey Viper's Bugloss Corn Gromwell Hound's-tongue Wild Comfrey Forget-me-not Smaller Forget-me-not

VERVAIN FAMILY White Vervain

MINT FAMILY American Germander Heart-leaved Skullcap Showy Skullcap Common Horehound Catnip Ground-ivy

. Selfheal

Dragon Head Motherwort Horehound Henbit Wild Sage Oswego Tea Basil Balm Wild Bergamot


Blephilia ciliata (L.) Benth Downy Wood mint Hedeoma pulegioides (L'.) Pers. Pennyroyal, Hedeoma hispida Pursh. . Rough Pennyroyal .

taken at Camp Thorn Spring; Core lists it from only one locality in W. Va. Satureja acinos (L.) Scheele' Mother-of-thyme

seen at Judy Gap in locality known to Dr. Hutton. Core lists it from only one locality in W. Va.

Satureja vulgaris (L.) Fritsch Field Basil Pycnanthemumjlexuosum Walt. N c:trrowleaf Mountain-mint Pycnanthemum virginianim L. Virginia Mountain-mint Cunila origanoides (L.) Britton Dittany Lycopus virginicus L. Bugleweed Lycopus americanus Muhl. 'w.ater Horehound Mentha spicata L. , Spearmint Mentha piperita L. Peppermint Collinsonia canadensis L. Richweed

*Teucrium betrya L. Cut-leaf Germander Mint First State record (European plant). Found by group and identification made by Dr. G. Hutton and B. Richardson.

SOLANACEAE Solanum nigrum L: Solanum carolinense L. Solanum rostratum Dunal Physalis heterophylla Nees Datura stramonium L.

SCROPHULARIACEAE Verbascum thapsus L. Verbascum blattaria L. Verbascum blaitariaj albiflora

(Don)

NIGHTSHADE FAMILY Black Nightshade Horse-nettle Buffalo-bur Common Ground-cherry Kimson Weed .

FIGWORT FAMILY Great Mullein Moth Mullein

House Moth Mullein

Linaria vulgaris Hill. Butter-and-eggs Scrophularia marilandica L. Giant Figwort Scrophularia lanceolata Pursh. Hare Figwort

a green form of this was found with the typical fo~m on the road to Reddish Knobb.

Chelone glabra L. Turtlehead Penstemon digitalis Nutt. Foxglove Penstemon hirsutus or canescens? Beardtongue Mimulus ringens L. Common Monkey-flower Gratiola neglecta Torr. Clammy Hedge-hyssop Digitalis purpurea L. Purple Foxglove Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) .

Farwell Veronica serphyUifolia L.


Culver's-root Thyme~leaved Speed-well

67

Veronica officinalis L. Common Speedwell Veronica americana (Raf.) Schwein. American Brooklime Veronica peregrina L. Purslane Speedwell Veronica persica Poiret Bird's-eye Gerardia laevigata Raf. Entirec leaved Yellow Foxglove Gerardia pedicularia L. Fern-leaved Yellow Foxglove Castillefa coccinea (L.) Spreng. Indian Paint Brush Melampyrum lineare Desr. Cow-wheat Pedicular-is lanceolata Michx. Swamp L~usewort

This rare species was found by Dr. Hutton in a swampy spot north of Doe Hill on Secondary Stale Route #23 near junction of #34. Core records it from only two localities. '

Pedicularis canadensis L. OROBANCHACEAE

Conopholis americana (L.) Wallr. ACANTHACEAE

Ruellia strepens L. PLANTAGINACEAE

Plantago rugelli Dcne. Plantago lanceoiata L. Plantago aristata MichK. Plantago virginica L.

RUBIACEAE Galium aparine L. Galium triflorum Michx. Galium pilosum Ait. Galium lanceolatum Torr. Galium latifolium Michx. Calium boreale L. Galium verum L. Gal£um mollugo L. Galium parisiense L. GaHum concinnum T. & G. Galium pedemontanum All. Diodia teres Walt. Mitchella repens L. Houstonia caerulea L. Houstonia tenuifolia Nutt. Houstonia longifolia Gaertn.

CAPRIFOLIACEAE Triosteum perfoliatum L.

DIPSACACEAE

Common Lousewort BROOMRAPE FAMILY

Cancerroot ACANTHUS FAMILY

Wild-petunia PLANTAIN FAMILY

Common Plantain Buckhorn Plantain Bracted Plantain Dwarf Plantain

MADDER FAMILY Cleavers Sweet-scented Bedstraw Hairy Bedstraw Lanceleaf Wild Liquorice Purple Bedstraw Northern Bedstraw Yellow Bedstraw White Bedstraw "Paris" Bedstraw Shining Bedstraw Piedmont Bedstraw Rough Buttonweed Partridge Berry Bluets Slender-leaved Summer Bluets Long-leaved Summer Bluets

HONEYSUCKLE FAMILY Tinker's Weed

TEASEL FAMILY Dipsacus sylvestris Huds. Common Teasel

*Dispacus laciniatus Teasel Discovered by a group, J. Fi~dley, O. Richardson, Dr. Hutton, A. Pyle, B.


Richardson and Z. Stewart.near Ft. Seybert. Not in Core.

CUCURBITACEAE GOURD FAMILY Sicyos angulatus L.

CAMPANULACEAE Specularia perfoliata L. Campanula americ'ana L. Campanula rotundifolia L. Campanula divaricata Michx.

LOBELIACEAE, Lobelia cardinalis L. Lobelia siphilitica L. Lobelia spicata Lam. Lobelia inflata L.

COMPO SITAE Veronia noveboracensis (L.) Michx. Eupatorium fistulosum Barratt. Eupatorium pU7pureum Eupatorium perfoliatum L. Epatorium rugosum Houtt. SoUdago fiexicaulis L.

Solidago bicolor L. Solidago juncea Ait. Solidago boothi Hook. Solidago nemoralis Ait. Solidago rugosa Ait. Solidago canadensi;, L. Solidago gigantea Ait. Solidago gigantea V ar.

leiophylla (Ait.) Fernald Aster macrophyllus L. Aster undulatus L. Aster patens Ait. Aster oblongifolius Nutt. Aster puniceus Aster acuminatus Michx. As'ter umbellatus MilL Aster infirmus Michx. Aster linariifolius L. ' Erigeron pulchellus Michx. Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. Erigeron strigosus MuhL Erigeron canadensis L Antennaria neglecta Greene Antennaria virginica Stebbins Antennaria solitana Rydb.


One-seeded Bur-cucumber BLUEBELL FAMILY

Venus' Looking Glass Tall Bellflower Bluebell Panicled Bellflower

LOBELIA FAlvlILY ,Cardinal-flower Great Blue Lobelia Spiked Lobelia Indian Tobacco

COMPOSITE FAMILY New York Ironweed Common Joe-pye Weed Wide-leaved Joe-pye Weed Boneset White Snakeroot Broadleaf Goldenrod Silverrod Early Goldenrod Boott's Goldenrod Oldfield Goldenrod Wrinkle-leaf Goldenrod Canada Goldenrod Late Goldenrod

Late Goldenrod Bigleaf Aster Wavy-leaf Aster Late Purple Aster Shale Barren Aster Purplestem Aster Mountain Aster Flat-top Aster White Aster Stiff Aster Robin's Plantain White-top White-top Horseweed Field Pussy toes Shale-barren Pussy toes Single-?eaded Pussy toes

69

Gnaphalium purpureum L. Ambrosia trifida L. AmQrosia artemisiifolia L. Xanthium spinosum L. Xanthl:um pennsylvanicum W allr. Polymnia canadensis L. Polymnia uvedalia L. Silphium compositum Michx. Silphium trifoliatum L. Parthenium integrifolium L. Parthenium hispidum Raf. Heliopsis helianthoides (L.) Sweet

. Heliopsis scabra Ru..dbeckia laciata L. Rudbeckia fu..lgida Ait. Rudbeckia hirta L. Helianthus tuberosus L. Actinomeris alternifolia (L.) DC. Coreopsis sp. Bidens bipinnata L. Galinsoga parvijlora Ca v. Heleniumjlexuosum Raf. Heleniu..rn autumnale L. Achillea millefolium L. .{1chillea millefolium forma rosea Anthemis cotula L. Anthemis arvensis L. Matricaria matrican:oides

(Less.) Porter Chrysanthemum leucanthemum L. Tu..ssilago far fare L. Cacalia muhlenbergii (Sch. Bip.) Cacalia atriplicifolia L. Senecio smallii Britton Senecio aureus L. Senecio obovatus Muhl. Arctium minus (Hill) Bernh. Arctium sp Carduu..s nutansL. Carduus acanthoides L. Carduus crispus L. Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Tenore' Cirsium discolor (Muhl.) Spreng. Cirsi1(m altissimum (L.) Spreng. Cirsium pumilum (Nutt.) Spreng.

70

Purplish Cudweed Giant Ragweed Common Ragweed Spiny Cocklebur Smooth-body Cocklebur White-flowered Leafcup Yellow-flowered Leafcup Rosinweed

American Feverfew Auricled Parthenium Ox-e.ye Rough Ox-eye Tall Conet1ower Brilliant Conet1ower . Black-eyed Susan Jerusalem-artichoke Yellow Ironweed Tickseed Spanish-needles Smooth Galinsoga Purple Sneezeweed Yellow Sneezeweed Yarrow Pink Yarrow Dog Fennel Field Chamomile

Pineapple Weed Ox-eye Daisy Coltsfoot Great Indian Plantain Pale Indian Plantain Small's -Ragwort Golden ragwort Squaw-weed Common Burdock Burdock Mush Thistle

Curled Thistle Common Thistle Field Thistle Tall Thistle' Pasture Thistle


Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. CentaureaJacea L. Centaurea maculosa Lam. Lapsana communis L. Cichorium intybus L. Krigia virginica (L.) Willd. Tragopogon pratensis L. Tragopogon major J acq. Taraxacum erythrospermum Andrz. Taraxacum officinale· Weber. Sonchus asper (L.) Hill. Lactuca scarl0la L. Lactuca saligna G. Lactuca canadensis L. Lactuca biennis (Moench.) Fernald Crepis capillaris (L.) \v allr. Prenanthesalba L. Prenanthes tnfoliata

Canada Thistle . Brown Knapweed

Spotted Knapweed Nipplewort

. Chicory Dwarf Dandelion Yellow Goat's-beard

Red-seeded Dandelion Common Dandelion Spiny Sow Thistle Prickly Lettuce Willow Lettuce Wild Lettuce Tall Blue Lettuce Smooth Hawksbeard Wild Lettuce

(Cass.) Fernald Lion's Foot Hieracium pilosella L. Mouse-ear Hawkweed Hieracium auranthidcum L. Orange Hawkweed

*Hieraciumjlorentinum All. King Devil Seen in fields at igneous dyke near Doe Hill.

Hierancium pratense Tausch. Field Hawkweed Hieracium venosus L. Rattlesnake-weed

Fishes of Thorn Creek, W. Va. -1969 and 1973

David F; Ross

During the 1973 Brooks Bird Club Foray at Camp Thorn Spring, Pendleton County, West Virginia, a survey was made of the fishes of nearby Thorn Creek. The stream was s~ined on the morning of 26 June, at a location adjacent to the camp and at the first bridge above the camp, approximately 0.5 kilometers upstream of the first location. A similar study was made in June 1969.

Thorn Creek in the area near the camp and for much of its length was fast-flowing and relatively shallow during the period of the survey. Stream width was less than 15 meters. The substrate was typically composed of cobbles, gravels and boulders, . with much sand and some silt occupying the interstices.

THE REDSTART-APRIL, 1974 71

At the location of the second sampling, the stream was wider, slower and deeper, although culverts beneath the bridge produced considerable current for a small distance downstream. -Maximum water depth during the sampling period approached 1.5 meters. The ::;ubstrate was primarily silt-covered, except for large boulders that predominated immediately below the bridge.

Table 1. Fishes collected in Thorn Creek,. 1969 and 1973. Species Salvelinus fontinalis Campostoma anomalum Clinostomus funduloides Notropis chrysocephalus Rhinichthys atratulus Rhinichthys cataractae Semotilus atromaculatus Catostomus commersoni Hypentelium nigricans Micropterus dolomieui Etheostomaflabellare Cottus bairdi

Brook trout _ ............. _ . __ . ___ ..... . Stoneroller ............... _____ . _ . __ .. . Rosyside Dace . _ .......... ___ . _ . __ .... . Striped shiner ___ .... _ . __ . _ .. _ ....... _ Blacknose dace ....... _ .... _ .... _ . _ . ___ _ Longnose dace ........... _ . ____ . _ . __ .. . Creek chub _. _ . _ . _ ... __ . _ .. _ ........ _ . _ White sucker ...... _ .............. ___ . _ Northern hogsucker ....... _ ... ___ . __ .. . Smallmouth bass .. __ . __ . _ .. _ .... _ . ___ .. Fantail darter _ . _ . _ ........ _ . _____ ...... -Mottled sculpin .... _ ....... _ . _ . _ .. __ .. .

1969 1973 X

X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X

Seining at the two locations resulted in the capture of 10 species of fishes (Table 1).The 1969 samplings of Thorn Creek at the camp and several kilometers upstream also produced 10 species, although not entirely the same species. _ Two species collected in 1969 were not collected in 1973 and, similarly, two species collected in 1973 were not collected in 1969. The differences that exist between the two species lists are probably due to the inefficiency of the sampling method and not to changes in the fish fauna.

The relatively small number of species collected from Thorn Creek.was expected. A small str:eam, such as Thorn Creek, th,at is relatively homogeneous throughout its length with respect to gradient, width, depth, substrate and other characteristics -provides a limited number of conditions to which only a limited number of species are adapted. A great~r diversity of stream conditions would generally allow inhabitation by a greater diversity of fishes. Also, the small number of species can be attributed to sampling methods that did not permit ail species present to be collected, A stream such as Thorn Creek should maintain viable populations of from 15 to 20 species of fishes.

Acknowledgements Much credit must be given to both Robert Lightburn, Jr., and Wynne Ross for

their assistance in making the collections.

72 THEREDSTART-APR:{L,1974

Shrubs of Pendleton County Bob Richardson

1. Taxus canadensis .. _ ... _ . ____ . _ ........ _ .... : ... _ . _ ........ American Yew 2. Smilax glauca .............. _ . _ . _ . __ .......... _ . _ . _ ............. Sawbrier 3. Smilax rotundifolia _ .. _ . __ .. __ . _ . _ .... _ .. _ .. _ . _ ...... _____ .. __ Greenbrier 4, Smilax hispida . ___ .. ___ . _ .......... __ ....... _ ... _ ...... Hispid Greenbrier 5. Salix interior ___ .. _ ... _ ......... _. _ ...... _ ...... _. _ ...... Sandbar Willow 6. Salix humilis . _ ............. __ ..... _ ....... _ . _ ............. Upland Willow 7; Comptonia peregrina . _ .. _ ...... __ . _ ............... _ ..... __ . _ . Sweet Fern 8. Corylus americana . ............ -... _ .. _ ..... _ ..... _ ....... _ ...... Hazelnut 9. Corylus cornuta -........ _. __ ............ _ .. _ ..... " . _ .... Beaked Hazelnut

10. Alnus serrulata .......... _ ................. _. _ ........... Brookside Alder 11. Castanea pumila ....... _ ..................... _ ............. _ . Chinquapin 12. Aristolochia duri{)r . ____ . -...... _ ................. _ .. _ .... Dutchman's Pipe 13. Quercus ilicifolia __ . ___ ... .- ............................... _ .... Scrub Oak 14. Clematis virginiana ... _ ........ _ ..... -.. .-. __ .. ___ . _ . _ . ______ Virgin's Bower 15. Clematis viorna ............ _ ... , . _. ____ ...... _ . _ ,_ . ____ ... Leatherflower 16. Clematis albicoma ......... _ .. _ ............... White-Haired-Leatherflower 17. Berberis thunbergii ... ___ .. _ .. _ .. _ ..................... Japanese Barberry 18. Asimina·triloba ..... _ .. _ ........... ___ . _ ..... _ ...... _ ........... Paw Paw 19. Menispermumcanadense ..................... _. _._. _ .. _ ........ Moonseecl 20. Lindera benzoin . . _ ...... _ ............................... _ . _ . __ Spicebush 21. Hydrangea arborescens ............. _ ... _ . _ ....... _ ....... Wild Hydrangea 22. Ribes rotundifolium ........ __ . __ . _ ..... _ .... _ . _ .. _ . _ ... _ ...... Gooseberry 23. Hamamelis virginiana . __ . __ . _ ............... _ ... __ . _ ... __ . ___ . WitchhazeI 24. Physocarpus opulifolius . _ .................. _ ...... __ . ____ ....... Ninebark 25. Spiraea corymbosa ............ _ ... _ . _ . _ . ___ .......... _ .. Corymbed Spirea 26. Pyrus melancarpa ... _ ...... -.. _ ... _. ______ .... _. _ . _ .. _ .. Black Chokeberry 27. Crataegus spp. _. ____ .. _. ___ ................................... Hawthorn 28. Rubus odoratus _____ ... _ ............. _ . _ ....... ___ .. Flowering Raspberry 29. Rubus occidentalis .......... _ . __ . __ ...................... Black Raspberry 30. Rubus allegheniensis ....... ____ ........ _ .. __ .. __ .. _ ........... Blackberry 31. Rubus flagellaris _. _ . _ .. __ ......... _ ............ _ ...... _ ... _ ... Dewberry 32. Rosamultiflora .... _ ... ___ .......... _. _ .. _ .. __ .. _. _ .. ___ .. Multiflora Rose 33. Rosa eglanteria __ . _ ............ ___ ........................... Sweetbrier 34. Rosa carolina .... _ ...... _ ........... _ ..... __ ....... _ ..... _ .. Pasture Rose 35. P~nus alleghaniensis . _ ....... _ . _ .. _ ...................... Allegheny Sloe 36. Prunus americana ...... _ . _ . _ . _ ... _ ..... _ . _ . _ . _ ... _ ....... _ .... Wild Plum 37. Prunus virgimana . __ ... __ ... _ ... __ ......................... Choke Cherry 38. Cercis canadensis .. ... _ . ___ . _ ........ _ . __ .. _ . _ .. _. " ... __ ........ Redbud 39. Zanthoxylum americanum __ .... _ . __ . _ ................. _ ... Toothache Tree 40. Rhus copallina . _ . _ ......... __ ... __ . __ .. _ ...... _ ............ Dwarf Sumac 41. Rhus typhina .... _ . __ ... __ ................ _ .. __ . __ . _ . _ .. _ Staghorn Sumac 42. Rhus glabra ... _ .......................... _ .. _ .. _ ......... Smooth Sumac


· 43. Rhus aromatica .......................................... Fragrant Sumac 88. Viburnum prunifolium ......................................... Black Haw

44. Rhus radicans ........................... ., .................... Poison Ivy 89. Viburnum acerifolium ......... : .... : .................. Mapleleaf Viburnum

45. !lex verticillata ............................................. Winterberry 90. Viburnum cassinoides ".' .......................... '.' .......... Wilq Raisin

46. flex montana .. _ .......................................... Mountain Holly 47 .. Nemopanthus mucronata .:.: ............................. : Mountain Holly

91 .. Sambucus pub ens ........................................ Red Elderberry 92. Sambucus canadensis ..................... : . .' ............ Black Elderberry

48. Pai:histima canbyi ................................. Canby's Mountain Lover 49. Euonymus atropurpureus ......................... : ............... Wahoo

· 50. Celastrus scandens ........ : ................................... Bittersweet

114 W. North St., Ripley, W. Va.

51. Staphylea tnfolia ...................... , ...................... Bladdernut 52. Ceanothus americana . ...................................... New Jersey Tea 53. Acer spicatum ........................................... Mountain Maple 54. Vitis spp ................................................... ' .. Wild Grape 55. Hudsonia tomentosa ......................................... False Heather 56. Ascyrum hypericoides ...... : .......................... St. Alldrew's Cross 57. Parthenocissus quinquefolia .............................. Virginia Creeper 58. Hypericum spathulatum ........................... Shrubby St. John's Wort 59. Aralia spinosa . .......... ~ ................................. Hercules' Club Climatic Record for the 1973. 60. Co~us amomum .......................................... Silky Dogwood 61. Comus canadensis .......................................... Dwarf Cornel

Pendleton County Foray 62. Comus racemosa ....................................... Panicled Dogwood 63. Comus alternifolia .............................. Alternate Leaved Dogwood 64. CMmaphila umbellata ....................................... Prince's Pine 65. Chimaphila maculata ................................. Spotted Wintergreen

Howard Blakeslee \ ;

Time Temp. Weather Conditions Saturday, June 23 ......... 6:00a.m. F Overcast

12:00N Thunder 66. Rhododendron maximum ..................................... Great Laurel 67. Rhododendron roseum ........................................ Rose Azalea 68. Rhododendron calendulaceum . : ................. ' ............. Flame Azalea 69. Menziesia pilosa ............................................... Menziesla 70. Kalmia latifolia .......................................... Mountain Laurel

· 71. Pierisfloribunda .................................... Mountain Fetterbush 72. Lyonia ligustrina ................................ : ............. Maleberry 73. Epigaea repens ......................................... Trailing Arbutus 74. Gaultheria procumbens ......................................... Teaberry 75~ Gaylussacia baccata ..................... : .............. Black Huckleberry 76. Vaccinium stamineum .................................. : ...... Buckberry 77. Vaccinium eryth~ocarpum ............................. Mountain Cranberry 78. Vaccinium spp ................................................. Blueberry . 79. Ligustrum vuigare . .......... '.' ............................. Privet Hedge 80. Vinca minor .............................................. : ...... Myrtle 81. Solanum dulcamara . ................... , ........... B·ittersweet Nightshade 82. Diervilla lonicera ........................................ Bush Honeysuckle 83. Mitchella repens ....................... : .....• ' ............. Partridgeberry 84. Lonicerajaponica ................................... Japanese Honeysuckle 85. Lonicera tatarica ................................... Tartarian Honeysuckle 86. Symphoricarpos orbiculatus .................................... Coralberry

6:00p.m. 80 No rain Sunday, June 24 ........... 6:00a.m. 60 Foggy

12:00N 82 Partly cloudy . 6:00p.m. 80

Monday, June 25 .......... 6:00 a.m. 58 Hazy 12:00 N 85 Clear and Hot 6:00p.m. .80 Overcast, lightning, no rain

Tuesday, June 26 . . . . . . . . . . 6:00 a.m. 63 Hazy, high overcast 12:00N 88 Clear 6:00p.m. 80 High overcast

Wednesday, June 26 ....... 6:00p.m. .62 Hazy, overcast 12:00 N 88 Sunny 6:00p.m. 77 Overcast, sprinkle

rhursday, June 28 ... .. " .... 6:00 a.m. 66 Heavy overcast 12:00 N 80 Sprinkles,'hard rain

6:00p.m. 76 Hard rain Friday, June 29 ........... 6:00 a.m. 60 Clear

·12:00N 78 Clear 6:00p.m. 78 High cumulus clouds

Saturday, June 30 ......... 52 Cool, Clear, Sunny

87. Viburnum alnifolium ............. , ............................. Hobblebush

74 THE REDSTART-APRIL, 1974 THE REDSTART-APRIL, 1974 75

Thorne Springs Foray: 1973 Bird List Kenneth H. Anderson

1. Green Heron. Common on streams throughout area. 2. American Bittern. One seen by N. Laitsch on So. Branch River near State

Motel. 3. Black Duck. Four were sighted on the river behind the Hanover Shoe Factory

during the morning bird walk on June 25. 4. Wqod Duck. Rare. Two adults and four nearly full-grown young were reported'

by N. Laitsch and D. Conrad on the So. Branch River at the Mt. State Motel on June 27.

5. Bufflehead. Accidental. One male was seen almost daily on the South Branch of the Potomac River near Franklin. A similar report from this vicinity was reported in 1968.

6. Turkey Vulture. Common. Ben Burtt reported 3 flying over camp. 7. Black Vulture. Uncommon. One was seen soaring above 6 to 8 turkey vultures

on Rt. 220 near Rt. 17. Two were reported over camp Thorne Springs on June 26. 8. Sharp-shinned Hawk. Rare. One sighted by group with P. Harwood on return

trip from Reddish Knob on June 28. 9. Cooper's Hawk. Rare.

10. Red-tailed Hawk. Rare. One was reported near Rt. 220 and Rt. 17, and another was being harassed by crows on Reeds Creek Rd.

11. Red-shouldered Hawk. Rare. 12. Broad-winged Hawk. Occasional. 13. Sparrow Hawk. Uncommon. 14. Ruffed Grouse. Uncommon. The Rosses reported one on the Sandy Ridge Road

on June 28. N. Laitsch reported one on the road to Spruce Knob, and another sighting of the feathers of one which fell to a predator on the Reddish Knob Road. L. Harper also reported one flying over the road 112 mile east of Everett Mitchell's horne (Digitalis patch). 15. Bobwhite. Common and well-distributed. 16. Turkey. Occasional. Z. Stewart sighted several in a field on the Sandy Ridge

Road on June 24. Also viewed by many BBC members in the caravan. 17. American Coot. Rare. C. Ruddle observed one along the bank of the sewage

pond below Franklin. It left the bank and "ran" across the water, in characteristic manner.

18. Killdeer. Common. N. Laitsch reported they were surprisingly plentiful in outlying farmlands especially in areas of watering ponds.

19. Rock Dove. Occasional. N. Laitsch reported them on rock wall south of Franklin on Rt. 220.

20. Mourning Dove. Fairly common .. ,Seen in 3 or 4 locations during the week., 21. Yellow-billed Cuckoo. Occasional. One sig)Jted flying across road at Sugar'

Grove on June 25 by N. Laitsch and D. Conrad. 22. Black-billed Cuckoo. Occasional. On June 24 one was seen by N. Laitsch, D.

Conrad, and M. Ross on Rt. 17 (Snowy Mt. Rd.); another was seen flying across Rt.


220 near Franklin on June 25 as reported by N: Laitsch, D. Conrad, E. R. Chandler, and H. Boecher. .

23. Screech Owl. Heard regularly at camp. 24. Great Horned Owl. Heard at camp by many campers. B. Burtt reported hearing

two northeast of camp at 4:45 am on June 24. 25. Barred Owl. Heard at camp. 26. Whip-poor-will. No change. One party travelling up the Sandy Ridg~ Road on

the early evening of June 27 reported 6. N. Laitsch reported one on the Thorne Run Road almost 3f4 mile above camp June 25.

27. Common Nighthawk .. Rare. On JUne 26 one was seen in flight in the afternoon at Sugar Grove by N. Laitsch. Another was reported at SpruceKnob on June 28 by N .. Laitsch and D. Conrad. 28. Chimney Swift. Occasional. Numbers were seen flying over Franklin during the

week and also several places along Rt. 220 S. 29. Ruby-throated Hummingbird. Uncommon. N. Laitsch and D. Conrad reported

a total of five sightings for the week and one was seen on June 26 at the Dahmer farm near Kline and another on June 26 at Ft. Seybert. 30. Belted Kingfisher. Common. Two were regularly seen flying along stre~m near

camp. Also in several locations along other streams. 31. Yellow-shafted Flicker. Fairly common. 32. Pileated Woodpecker. Fairly common. N. Laitsch and D. Conrad reported six

during the week - one was seen on the toad to Spruce Knob. 33. Red-bellied Woodpecker. Occasional. Those reported by N. Laitsch wer" l)n the

Sandy Ridge Road, the Reed Creek Road, along Rt. 220 west of Franklin, and the road in the Smoke Hole., 34. Red-headed Woodpecker. Rare. C. Ruddle and A. Llewellyn reported that on

June 29, two were observed in the woods near the Paul Dunkle farm along Deer Run Road about 8 miles from Franklin where the road forks and one leads to Kline. 35. Hairy Woodpecker. Occasional. A pair with young were sighted by N. Laitsch,

D. Conrad, and M. Ross on Rt. 17 along the Snowy Mtn. Road. 36. Downy Woodpecker. Uncommon. N. Laitsch observed that they were

occasionally seen in the woodlands, but they are fairly inconspicuous at this time of year. 37. Eastern Kingbird. Common. Frequently seen in open grazing countryside. 38. Great-creasted Flycatcher. Common. 39. Eastern Phoebe. Very Common. . 40. Acadian Flycatcher. Fairly common. 41. Eastern Wood Pewee. Common. 42: NorthEmi Horned Lark. Rare. M. Brown reported a sighting on June 25 on the

parking lot at the Naval Receiving Station at Sugar Grove. 43. Rough-winged Swallow. Uncommon. A small flock and a nest sighting were

reported by N. Laitsch at the Rock Quarry along Rt. 220 S. . 44. Barn Swallow. Common. 45. Cliff Swallow. Occasional. Some sighted with young being fed while perched on

wire over river between Ruddle and Franklin.


46. Purple Martin. Occasional. Three active boxes'were seen along the north edge of Franklin. 47. Blue Jay. Common. Although rather quiet at this time of year. 48. Common Crow. Common. ' 49. Raven. Considered increased in numbers. Oneseen on hill at camp. Another

was seen by N. Laitsch, D. Conrad, an'd M. Ross 'as it was being harassed by a Crow and blackbird on Rt 17 (Snowy Mt.). 50. Black-capped Chickadee. Fairly common. All chickadees encountered were of

this species: 51. Tufted Titmouse: Common. '52. White-breasted Nuthatch. Occasional. One was seen frequently around the

dining hall at camp. 53. House Wren. Considered up in numbers. Reported plentiful on the Smith Creek

Road by N. Laitsch and D. Conrad. They also reported sightings at Ft. Seybert and at the South Branch Feed Store in Franklin. 54. Winter Wren. Rare. 55. Bewick's Wren. Normal. One was reported on June 23 by N. Laitsch and party

on the Sandy Ridge Rd. about 3 miles from camp, and anothe~ on June 24 on Snowy Mountain Rd. (Rt 17). 56. Carolina Wren. Considered increased in number and well distributed. 57. Mockingbird. Common.

'58. Catbird. Fairly common. 59. Brown Thrasher. Common. 60. Robin. Common. 61. Wood Thrush. N. Laitsch concluded that although they Were heard frequently,

they were not as common as expected. 62. Hermit Thrush. Rare. Near the top of Spruce Knob, N. Laitsch and D. Conrad

heard one singing beautifully in mid-afternoon on June 28. .63. Veery. Rare. One was heard singing on Reddish Knob on June 26. 64. Eastern Bluebird. Common. Seen and heard by all campers at practically all

elevations during the week. N. Laitsch reported seeing adults and young in excellent numbers at many locations in the county. 65. Blue-gray Gnatcatcher. Common. 66. Cedar Waxwing. Fairly common. ' 67. Loggerhead Shrike. Rare, decreased in numbers. One was observed for 20

minutes through a telescope on the edge of Franklin in a back field off Rt. 220 as reported by K. Anderson, N. Laitsch, D. Conrad, G. Eddy, and A. Hoffman. ' 68. Starling. Unchanged. ' 69. White-eyed Vireo. Rare. One was reported on the Smith Creek Rd. on June 27

by D. Conrad, N. Laitsch, K. Anderson, G. Eddy and A. Hoffman. 70. Yellow-throated Vireo. Fairly common. 71. Solitary Vireo. Unchanged. On June 26' on a trip to Reddish Knob, three

different singing birds were reported. 72. Red-eyed Vireo. Common. 73. Warbling Vireo. Fairly common.


74. Black and White Warbler. Rare. Reported on June 23 on the Sandy Ridge Road and on June 25 on Rt. 33 S out of Franklin by N. Laitsch and D. Conrad. Also by E. Hutton on the ,Sandy Ridge Rd. on June 25.

75. Worm-eating Warbler. Occasional in suitable habitat. 76. Golden-winged Warbler. Rare. N. Laitschon June 23 heard one about 2112 miles

from camp on the Dry Ridge Rd. - apparently feeding young in nest. Also one in same area reported by E. Hutton on June 25.

77. Parula Warbler. Down in number. Not nearly as common as iIi. 1969 in the opinion ofN. Laitsch. However, the nesting period may have been completed.

78. Yellow Warbler. Down in number. Seen in bottom land and along streams. 79. Black-throated Blue Warbler. Bare. N. Laitsch a'nd D. Conrad reported one on

June 26 at the spring near the top of Reddish Knob. ·80. Black-throated Green Warbler. Rare. One reported by N. Laitsch and D. -Conrad near Reddish Knob on June 26. 81. Cerulean Warbler. Rare. , 82. Chestnut-sided Warbler. Down in number. Reported on June 26 from Reddish

Knob by N. Laitsch and D. Conrad. 83. Pine Warbler. Occasional. On June 25 and 26, N. Laitsch and D. Conrad saw a

pair near the intersection of the Ft. Seybert road and Rt. 33 in pines and mixed deciduous ,woods. On June 26, N. Laitsch reported another on the road to Reddish Knob. On June 28, two young were seen near a nest on Buffalo Road by N. Laitsch, D. Conrad and K. Anderson. 84. Prairie Warbler. Unchanged. Heard in suitable habitat. One reported by E. ,

Hutton on June 25 from the Sandy Ridge Rd. about 2112 miles from camp. 85. Ovenbird. Fairly common, but probably past the nesting and singing period. 86. Northern Waterthrush. Rare. One reported by K. Anderson on June 30 on

Spruce Knob Rd. 87. Louisiana Waterthrush. Fairly common along streams. 88.K'entucky Warbler. Rare. One heard by N. Laitsch on June 23 along Sandy

Ridge Rd., 89. Yellowthroat. Rare. Three were heard by N. Laitsch on June 24 between camp

and Rt. 17, mostly along Rt. 220. 90. Yellow-breasted Chat. Down in number. One reported by E. Hutton on June 25

from the Sandy Ridge Rd. about 2112 miles from camp. 91. Hooded Warbler. Rare. Reported along the Sandy Ridge Rd. on June 23 and

along the Thorne Run Rd. on June 24 by N. Laitsch: 92. Canada Warbler. Rare. One reported from the spring near the top of Reddish

Knob on June,26 by N. Laitsch and D'. Conrad. 93. American Redstart. Unchanged. On June 26 N.Laitsch and D. Conrad heard

one singing beside Rt. 33 south of Franklin about 2 miles. 94. House Sparrow. Unchanged. 95. Bobolink. Rare. One sighted by C. Conrad on June 26 from road between

Panther Knob and Snowy Mountain. 96. Eastern Meadowlark. Common. ' , !

97. Redwinged Blackbird. Down in numbers.


98. Orchard Oriole. Fairly common. N. Laitsch reported they were widely scattered. Young still being fed. . 99. Northern Oriole. Fairly common. The week of the foray appeared to be their

peak nesting time according to N. Laitsch. . . 100. Common Grackle. Increased in number. 101. Brown-headed Cowbird. Uncommon. 102. Scarlet Tanager. Common. 103. Cardinal. Fairly common. 104. Rose-breasted Grosbeak. Rare. One on June 27 on the North Fork Mtn. Road from Smoke Hole to Rt. 28, and another on June 29 in the woods behind the Mt. State Motel at Ruddle were reported by N. Laitsch. 105. Blue Grosbeak. Rare. One was seen by C. Ruddle, A. Llewellyn and M. McGhee on the Deer Run Rd. to Kline. They had an excellent view at 15 feet while the bird was perched on a dead limb. 106. Indigo Bunting. Very c~mmon. 107. Purple Finch. Rare. 108. American Goldfinch. Very common. 109. Rufous-sided Towhee. Common. llO. Savannah Sparrow. Rare. One was heard on June 26 on the Simmon's Farm just outside Fort Seybert by N. Laitsch and D . Conrad. ll1. Grasshopper Sparrow. Fairly common. Two were heard in the field from the bridge between camp and Rt. 220 by N. Laitsch on June 23. ll:2. Vesper Sparrow. Occasional. Several were heard in fields at higher elevations according to N. Laitsch. An immature bird was seen by N. Laitsch, D. Conrad, and K. Anderson on June 28 on an open windswept farm area on Buffalo Hill Rd. ll3. Lark Sparrow. Rare, numbers down. ll4. Slate-colored Junco. Unchanged or down. ll5. Chipping Sparrow. Common. ll6. Field Sparrow. Fairly common. ll7. Song Sparrow. Common.

2042 Weberwood Dr., South Charleston, W. Va.


Dragonflies of Pendleton Coun·ty ~ W. Va. Paul D. Harwood

This student of the Odonata (dragonflies) is embarrassed by the paucity of vernacular names for these brilliantly colored insects. Therefore, technical names must be used. With pleasure I acknowledge the assistance freely given by Br~oks Bird Club members of more experience with the Club's activities and more familiarity with the waters of Pendleton County. I acknowledge particularly the aid of Mrs. Mary Moore Rieffenberger and Miss Carolyn Ruddle without whose assistance a smaller list seems inevitable.

The table within this report lists all the 51 species known up to now from Ppndleton County, and the collector who made the first record for each species. Details regarding species that, so far as I can ascertain, have not been reported from

, West Virginia heretofore, or are of special interest otherwise, cannot be included in a table and are recorded below.

Gomphus brevis (The Short Clubtail) was first taken near Elkins in Randolph County on June 22,1935 (Ahrens, 1968)~ One male and 4 newly transformed females were taken by Dr. Oliver S. Flint, Jr. near the Smoke Hole in Pendleton County, June 5, 1963; Specim,ens are in the U. S. National Museum of Natural History. I collected 2 nymphs of this species in the Greenbrier River near Clover Lick in Pocahontas County on May 22, 1972, and 2 females emerged May 22 and May 24. One nymph colected in the Dry Fork River in Tucker County,' near Sully, on May 13, 1973, emerged as a male May 29, 1973. On a second visit to the same area, May 30, 1973, 15 nymphs were obtained and several of these transformed within 10 days of ' collection.

Professor ~ ames G. Needham of Cornell University was unable to identify several nymphs collected at Elk Garden, August 25, 1930 beca\,lse those nymphal stages had not been described. Minter J. Westfall, Jr. Obtained the nymphs from the Cornell University Collections and kindly made them available, along with recent literature and recently reared material. The 14 nymphs proved to be Gomphus descriptus, the earliest collection of these species in West Virginia known to me. Mr. Carsten Ahrens (1968) collected one adult male near Elkins on June 22, 1935. I collected 4 nymphs in the Fork Creek Public Hunting and Fishing Area in Boone County, July 25,1972; 18 nymphs at the Woodbine Recreation Area.in Nicholas County on July 2 and 5, 1972; 1 nymph in Bull Creek near Borland Springs, Pleasants and Wood Counties on August 12,1973;1 nymph from the Greenbrier River at Clover Lick, May 22, 1972 which transformed into a female, May 23;4 nymphs from the Dry Fork River in Tucker County, near Sully, on May 13, 1972 which produced 3 females on May 25, 27. and 29; and 1 nymph was collected in Thorne Creek, Pendleton County, June 27,1973. Apparently G. descriptus is thinly but widely distributed throughout West Virginia. Since Needham and Westfall (1955) report this species from 2 Canadian Provinces and 8 states, including Florida and Iowa, this thin but widespread distribution may be expected.

The earliest available record for Gomphus qua¢ricolor (4-colorClubtail) is June 20,


DRAGONFLIES RECORDED FROM PENDLETON COUNTY

Earliest County Record Technical name Common name Locality Date Collector True dragonflies or Anisoptera L Cordulegaster maculatus* Spotted bid die Kline 29.6 '73 (2) 2. Hageniusbrevistylus Black Dragon Carl A. Olson (1972) 3. Dromogomphus spino sus Smoke Hole 2.8'66 4. Ophiogomphus mainensis Th()rne Sprs. 21.5 '72 5. Gomphus brevis Short Clubtail Smoke Hole 14.5 '63 OSF 6. Gomphus descriptus* Clubtail Thorne Creek 27.6 '73 7. Gomphus exilis* Wandering Clubtail Kline 29.6 '73 8. Gomph'I,Ls limdus Liyid Clubtail Smoke Hole 15.5 '63 9. Gomphusquadricowr 4-color Clubtail Smoke Hole 14.5 '63 OSF

10. Gomphus vilWsipes* Clubtail Kline 29.6 '73 ;

11. Gomphus virzdifrons Green-face Clubtail Smoke Hole 14.5 '63 OSF 12. Lan.thus albistylus White Stylus Thorne Creek 21.5:72 13. Boyerza gr(1jzana Grafs Brown Darner Thorne Creek 21.5 '72 14. Boyerz'a vinosa Com. Brown Darner Smoke Hole 2.8 '66 15. Basiaeschnafanata* . Darner Smoke Hole 15.5 '63 OSF 16. Anaxfunius* GreenDarner Kline 29.6 '73 LK 17. Aeschna umbrosa* Cloud.BI. Darner Thorne Creek 27.6 '73 18. Didymops transversa Belted Skimmer Smoke Hole 11.6 '71 19. MacromiiL iUinoiensis Belted Skimmer Smoke Hole 2.8 '66 20. Macromia taeniolata Belted Skimmer ·SmokeHole 6.8 '3~ JGN 21. Tetragoneurz'a cynosura* Dog's Tail Kline 29.6 '73 22. Cordulia shurtZeffi* Thorne Creek 8.8 '3~ JGN 23. ·Perithemis tenera Amber'Wings Franklin 8.8 '3~ JGN 24. Libellula cyanea* Bluish Skimmer Upper Tract 28.6 '73 25. Libellula luctuosa* The Widow Upper Tract 28.6 '73 26. Libellula pulchella* The Ten-spot Judy Gap 19.6 '36 GMK 27. LibeUula semifasemta Skimmer Judy Gap 19.6 '36 . GMK 28. Plathemis lydia WhiteTail Upper Tract 22;7'71 29. Leuchorrhinia ,hudsonica*Hudsonian White-face Kline 29.6 '73 30. Leucorrhinia intacta* Johnny v,rhite-face Kline 29.6 '73 31. Erythrodiplax minuscula Topsy Franklin 5.8 '3~ 32. Sympetrum rubicundulu,m Upper Tract 28.6 '71 33. Erythemis simplicicollis* Green Jacket· Upper Tract 29.6 '73 34. Pachydiplax wngipennis* Blue Pirate Franklin .5&6.8 '3D JGN

Damselflies or Zygoptera 35. Cawpteryx angustipenne Smoke Hole 21.5 '72 36. CaWpteryx maculata* Black Wing Smoke Hole 5 & 6.8 '3~ JGN 37. Hetaerina americana Ruby spot Hermit Island 6.8 '3~ JGN 38. Lestes eurinus* Kline 29.6 '73 JGN 39. Argla apicalis Smoke Hole 2.8 '66


Earliest County Record

Technical name Common name Locality pate Collector.

40. Argiamoesta Smoke Hole 5.8 '31 MGN 41. Argia sedula Carl A. Olson 42. Argia translata Smoke Hole 2.8 '66 43. Argia violacea* Smoke Hole 3.8 '69 OSF 44. Chromagrion conditum* Kline 29.6 '73 45. Amphiagrion saucium* Upper Tract 28.6'73 46. Enallagma aspersum'* Bluet Kline 29.6 '63 47. Enallagma civile * Bluet Smoke Hole 13.8 '3~ JGN 48. Enallagma exsulans Bluet Smoke Hole 2.8 '66 49. Enallagma hageni Bluet Smoke Hole 12.8'30 JGN 50. Ischnura posita Fork-tail Franklin 5&6.8 '3~ JGN 51. Ischnura verticalis Fork-tail Smoke Hole 11-6 '71

*Species marked by an asterickwere taken on the BBC foray, June 27, 28, and 29, 1973. (1) The initials, OSF, indicate that Oliver S. Flint, Jr. of the U. S. National Museum of Natural History was the collector; LK, indicates Mrs. Lynn Krantz; JGN, indicates Professor James G. Needham formerly of Cornell University; GMK, indicates Dr. G. M. Kutchka whose specimens are in the Carnegie Museum of Pittsburg; and MGN indicates Mrs. M. G. Netting. If no initials follow the date, I am the collector. (2) 29 VI '73 is June 29,1973, etc.

1935 at Elkins in Randolph County (Ahrens, 1968); 3 males and 1 female were collected by Oliver S. Flint, Jr. at the Smoke Hole, May 14, 1963: I collected a newly emerged female by the Lost River, near the town of that name, on June I, 1971; 1 nymph was collected from Patterson Creek near Burlington, Mineral County on May 10, 1973 and emerged May 28, a second nymph collected May 27 died at eclosion; 1 nymph from the Greenbrier River at Clover Lick, Pocahontas County, was collected May 22,1972 and emerged JUne 1; and 1 nymph collected May 5,1973, from the Dry Fork River in Tucker County near Sully emerged June 1.

Walker (1958) reports that.oilly one female specimen of Gomphusviridifrons has been taken in. Canada and adds: "So far as we have been able to determine nothing has been r~corded about the habits of this species, which appears everywhere to be rare." The Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh, has a specimen bearing a label that reads, ."2,000 feet elevation in Cheat Mountain, June". It was collected by H. H. Smith and has an Accession Number 91. which was filed in 1894. The earlier date of the collection is not known. Although G. virzdifrons (Green-face Clubtail) has not been . collected in the present century in Randolph County, there are recent records from other locations. Flint collected 2 newly transformed females at the Smoke Hole, May 14, 1963, and deposited them in the U. S. National Museum of Natural History. I


collected 4 males from Fishing Creek in Marshall County on June 3, 1970, and two nymphs from the Greenbrier River at Clover Lick, May 2, 1972 which emerged a few days later. This dragonfly may not be as rare in West virginia as elsewhere.

Two males of Leucorrhinia hudsonica (Hudson ian Whiteface) were taken over the Fisher Run Beaver Ponds of the Dolly Sods Recreation Area, July 31,1966. This is a northern species that occurs only sparingly in W ~st Virginia, and it was surprising to find a male with tattered wings, indicating old age, near Kline on June 29,1973.

Erythrodip/ax minuscula (Topsy) is a common species southward: Needham reported its discovery in his unpublished manuscript as follows: "The discovery of this dainty little southern dragonfly in West Virginia was a genuine surprise. All the more it was so because the locality was well up in the mountains near the source of the southern branch of the Potomac River. A single female was taken over a grassy roadside spring~fed pool about 2 miles south of Franklin, August 5,1930." Curiously, Needham took a nymph of a Northern dragonfly, Cordulia shurtle/ft, from nearby Thorn Springs:

In summary: Fifty-one species of dragonflies are reported from Pendleton County, and 22 species were taken during the foray, June 27,'28 and 29. Five of the 51 species have not to our knowledge been reported from West Virginia heretofore.

References

Ahrens, Carston. 1968. (Personal Communication). Needham, J. G. and Westfall, M. J. 1955. A Manual of the Dragonflies of North

America (Anisoptera). Univ. of Calif. Press. Berkeley. Olson, C. A. 1972. A Taxonomic Survey of the Larval Odonate Fauna of Cabell

County, West Virginia. (Thesis) Marshall University. Huntington, W. Va. Walker, E. M. 1958. The Odonata of Canada and Alaska. vol. 2. University of

Toronto Press. Toronto, Canada.

Route 1, Box 346, Ashland, Ohio 44805

. 84. THE REDSTART-APRIL, 1974

Tr~es of Pendleton County Bob Richardson

1. Pinus strobus """', .......... ,., ..................... ,, .... White Pine 2. Pinus rigida , ......... , .... , .. , .......... _ .................... Pitch Pine 3. Pinus pungens .... , .................................. Table Mountain Pine 4. Pinus echinata ............................................. Shortleaf Pine 5. Pinus virginiana .... : .......... '. , ..... , , .. , , . , . , , . , , , .. , .. , . Virginia Pine 6. Pinus resinosa ." .... ,., ... , ............................ , ...... Red Pine 7. Tsuga canadensis ., ....................................... , ..... Hemlock 8. Thuja occidentalis : .......................................... Arbor Vitae 9. Juniperus virginiana ................................... Eastern Red Cedar

10. 'Salix nigra . ................................................ Black Willow 11. Salix babylonica .. .- ...... , .................. , ........ , ... Weeping Willow 12. Salix alba ................................................ White Willow

.13. Populus tremuloides ...................................... Quaking Aspen 14. Populu.s grandidentata .................................. , . Bigtooth Aspen 15. Populus deltoides ............................................ Cottonwood 16. Populus alba ......................................... , ...... White Poplar 17. Juglans cinerea ............................................... Butternut 18. Juglans nigra ..... : ........... : ............................ Black Walnut 19. Carya ovata .................................... , ...... Shagbark Hickory 20. Carya alba ............ -............................... Mockernut Hickory 21. Carya glabra ...................... : ....................... Pignut Hickory. 22. Carya cordi/ormis . ..................................... Bitternut Hickory 23. Carpinus caroliniana .................................. American Hornbeam 24. Ostrya virginiana .............................................. Ironwood 25. Betula lenta ................................................. Black Birch 26. Betula alleghaniensis ......................................... Yellow Birch 27. Betula papyri/era ........................ , ................... Paper Birch 28. Fagus grandlfzora ................................................. Beech 29. Castanea dentata ............................................... Chestnu' 30. Quercus alba ................................................. White Oak 31. Quercus stellata ................................................ Post Oak 32. Quercus bicolor ......................................... Swamp White Oak 33. Quercus muhlenbergii ........................................ Yellow Oak 34. Quercus prinus ............................................. ChestnutOak 35. Quercus rubra ........................ ' .......................... Red Oak 36. Quercus coccinea ... ! ......................................... Scarlet Oak 37. Quercus velutina .............................................. Black Oak

. 38. Ulmus rubra ............................................... Slippery Elm 39. Ulmus americana ...................................... '" American Elm 40. Celtis occidentalis ' ..................... , ........... : ........... Hackberry 41. Morus rubra ............................................... Red Mulberry 42. Maclura pomi/era ..................... _ .................... Osage Orange


43. Magnolia acuminata .................. , .................... Cucumber Tree 44. Lirioderidron tulipifera ..................................... Yellow Poplar 45. Sassafras albUf,um .............................................. Sassafras 46. Platanus occidentalis ....................................... , ... Sycamore 47. Pyrus americana .................... : ....................... Mountainash 48. Pyrus communis .................................................... Pear 49. Pyrusmalus .......... : .......................................... . Apple 50. Pyrus coronaria ............................................... Crabapple 51. Amelanchier arborea ........ : ............................... Serviceberry 52. Crataegus sp ....................... : .......................... Hawthorn

. 53. Prunus serotina ........................................ Wild Black pherry 54. Prunus pennsylvanica ........................................ Fire Cherry 55. Prunus mahaleb ........................................ Perfumed Cherry 56. Prunus ~vium .............................................. Sweet Cherry 57. Gleditsia triacanthos ............. .' ..................... " ..... Honeylocust 58. Robinia pseudo·acacia ....................................... Black Locust 59. Ailanthus altissima ... -~ .......................... : ......... Tree-Of-Heaven 60. Acer pennsylvanicum ...... : ............................... Striped Maple 61. Acer saccharum ..................... ' ........................ Sugar Maple 62. Acer nigrum .......................................... Black Sugar Maple 63. Acer rubrum ................................................. Red Maple 64. Tilia americana . ............................................. : . Basswood 65. Nyssa sylvatica .............................................. : Black Gum 66. Cornus florida . ....................................... Flowering Dogwood 67. Diospyros virgimmw ....................................... ' ... Persimmon 68. Fraxinus americana ............................................ White Ash

114 W. NorthSt.; Ripley, W. Va.

Green-winged TealNestsin West Virginia Paul D. Harwood

The green-winged teal (Nettion carolinense) nests very sparingly in the east, only as far south as Western New York (Bent, 1923); and Pennsylvania (Forbush, 1925). Therefore, an observation suggesting nesting activity in West Virginia is reported briefly. August 8, 1972, while searching for dragonflies in the swamps at the headwaters of Red Creek (Tucker County) West Virginia, my attention was attracted to a small duck performing the "wounded bird act." While exposing 4 color slides, using a 135 mm lens, the bird was identified as a hen green-winged teal. Turning away from the performing hen, three small ducklings, possibly representing a second nesting atte~pt, were found and photographed. Rt. #1, Box 346, Ashland, Ohio .


COLUMSUS •

MCCLlNTlC W'\'~IFE

o PVMATUNING RE5fiRVATION FIELD NOTES

Mrs. Nevada Laitsch, Editor Me 21, East Liverpool, Ohio

FALL SEASON SEPTEMBER 1 TO NOVEMBER 30, 1974

The fall season was mild and pleasant. Temperatures were above normal, frost came toward the end of October and little snowfall occurred before the end of the period. These prevailing conditions probably accounted for. poor waterfowl migrations and permitted a protracted, steady flight of passerines.

. Records from banders were invaluable in 'summarization of this report. Aside from individual banders, the Allegheny Front Migration Observatory (A.F .M.O.) operated 13 days in August, 30 days in September and 14 days in October, handling a record number of birds for the station. Field observers agreed that in spite of the lack of waves or concentrations of birds, it had been a good migration. This type of migration is perplexing to binocular birders since there is no way to determine whether one is seeing the same birds day after day or whether J?-umbersof birds are moving through steadily.

Loons, grebes and herons-Com. Loons were at Seneca Lake, near Barnesville, O. Nov. 3 and thereafter [C&El. Horned Grebes were listed there Nov. 10. 5 Great Blue Herons' were seen on the Ohio River near Parkersburg, W. Va. Sept. 16 [ES) and several were at Kyger Creek, O. near Gallipolis, G.-Oct. 27 [NGJ. A Great Egret was observed in flight over Coonskin Park, Charleston, W. Va. Sept. 18 [NG).

Waterfowl-There was a heavy flight'of geese or swans over Morgantown, W. Va. on ·the hight of Nov. 9 [GAH). Good numbers. of Whistling Swans were at Pymatuning Lake. Pa. Nov. 10 through Nov. 30 [HOH). Both phases of Snow Geese were seen at pymatuningLake, Pa. and Mosquito Lake, O. and Kyger Creek, O. All species of ducks were scarce at McClintic Wildlife Station near Pt. Pleasant, W. Va. when BBC had a field trip to the area .oct. 27-29. Dabbling ducks were very low in the Youngstown, O. area [HOH).

Vultures and hawks-Both Black and Turkey Vultures were seen in Greenbrier County:W.Va. during the period [COH]. Interesting accounts came from two hawk counting stations-Allegheny Front Mountain in Grant and Tucker Counties and Peters Mo.untain, Monroe County, W. Va. l'he Allegheny Front Station tallied 111 Sharp-shinned Hawks, 30 Cooper's, 48 'Red-tailed, 24 Red-shouldered, 1433 Broadwinged, 5 Rough-legged, 3 Golden Eagles, 20 Marsh Hawks, 18 Osprey, 1


Pigeon Hawk and 15 Kestrels [HOH]. The Peters Mountain station recorded 3858 hawks between Sept. 15 and Sept. 24. Of this number 3763 were Broad-wings. Numbers of Osprey were encouraging. Besides the 18 at Allegheny Front, 17 were seen at Peters Mountain and 5 were seen on the Ohio river near Parkersburg, W. Va. Sept. 18 [ES]. Also noteworthy was 20 Marsh Hawks at the Allegheny Front station and 2 were seen at Peters Mountain. One was seen frequently in Greenbrier County from Oct: 21 to Nov. 27 [COH]. The dates for Roughlegged Hawks at Allegheny Front Mountain were re;narkably early. They were seen at Pymatuning Lake, Pa. Oct. 28 and Mosquito Lake, O. Nov. 29 [HOH].

ShorebirdS-Reporters had little to say about shorebirds. Com. Snipe were seen in GreenbrieI'County, W. Va. during Septemher and October. A Solitary Sandpiper was at McClintic Wildlife Station Aug. 16 [NG]. A Pectoral Sandpiper and 2 Least Sandpipers were listed in Greenbrier County Sept. 14 and. a. Semi-palmated Sandpiper was seen at this location Sept. 16 [COH].

Jaegers and gulls-A Parasitic Jaeger \vas carefully observed and identified at East Lynn Lake, Wayne County, W. Va . .on Oct. 8 by Charles Nelson, a Fish and Wildlife biologist Ifide RH]. This is only the second record for West Virginia. Several Bonapartes Gulls were at Seneca Lake, O. Nov; 3 [C&E].

Cuckoos, doves and owls-The Mourning Dove population appears to be booming as large flocks were mentioned by several reporters. Cuckoos were ignored in most reports and persons making comments considered them to be scarce. Latest date for Yellow-billed Cuckoo was Oct. 21 at Morgantown and a Black-billed Cuckoo was banded there on Oct. 18. There were several reports of Barn Owls. One was seen near Parkersburg, W. Va, Sept. 18 [ES], Clarksville, Pa. Sept. 24 [RKB]. Barnesville, O. Oct. 5 [C&E] and Greenbrier County, W. Va. Nov. 29 [COH]. Screech Owl, Great Horned Owl and Barred Owl were all heard at Camp Anthony, Greenbrier County by BBC members during the Labor Day week-end.

Goatsuckers and woodpeckers-Flocks of Nighthawks were reported in most of the region between Aug. 26 and Sept. 3. Latest date was Oct. 4 at South Charleston [CK]. Several reporters commented on the good migration of Flickers. Quite a few Red-headed Woodpeckers were seen migrating over Middle Ridge near Charleston in September [fide CK]. Two or three were seen by hawk counters on Pete:rs Mountain. They were listed at Coonskin Park, Charleston, Sept. 22 [NG] and seen in Greenbrier County [COH]. Yellow-bellied Sapsuckers were not common this fall.

Flycatchers and swallows-The flight of flycatchers was extremely poor. There was a total absence of Empidonax at A.F.M.O. Wood Pewees appeared in f?,irly good· numbers. A late one was banded at A.F.M.O,. Oct. 4 and they were present at Charleston until Oct. 3. Olive-sided Flycatchers were found at Camp Anthony, Greenbrier County Aug. 31 and Sept. 2 [NG&NL]. Barn Swallows remained in Greenbrier County until Oct. 18 (COH). A good migration of Cliff Swallows occurred at Lewisburg, W. Va. The first migrant was seen there Aug. 10 and about 500 were seen on US 60 on Sept. 8 and 10. The last one was seen there Sept. 16. The Purple Martin roost near Charleston built up to around 20,000 birds which was about two thirds of the normal roost. Most of the birds had departed by Aug. 31 [CK].

Corvids-The Blue Jay flight was not as impressive as in some years and seems to


have occurred later than usual. A flight was noted in Greenbrier County Oct. 6 [COH] and in Pocahontas County Oct. 13 [CK]. Com. Ravens were seen near Lewisburg, W. Va. Oct. 2 and 21 and two were seen on Mudd Creek Mountain Oct. 9 [COH].

Chickadees through wrens-Few Black-capped Chickadees appeared south of their breeding range during the period. One banded at Charleston on Sept. 9 was earlier than usual [CK]. Red-breasted Nuthatches were scarce. Most reporters failed to mention them and numbers were unusually low at A.F.M.O. where only 3 were banded. Although Brown Creepers were notably scarce aLEast Liverpool, O. and Charleston, W. Va. Hall found more than ·usual at ¥organtown, with dates ranging from Oct. 6 to Oct. 19. The mention of Winter Wrens by most reporters indicated a good migration. A.F.¥.O. had an unusually high capture of 22 birds between Sept. 10 and Oct. 11. A Bewick's Wren was banded at A.F.M.O. on Sept. 24. Two were

. seen on Muddy C~eek Mount.ain Oct. 2 [COH]. Carolina Wrens were considered very common throughout the region with good numbers reported at Youngstown, O. which is about the limit of their range.

Thrushes-The. migration of Am. Robins was considered good by most reporters. , Unusually large flocks collected in East Liverpool, O. and Charleston, W. Va. first week of September and remained until the end of October .. Wood Thrush showed 1

improvement by moving through in good numbers. It was also a good year for; Hermit Thrushes. 20 birds were banded at A.F.M.O. between Aug. 25 and Oct: 20.; The latest date was one seen at Pipestem State Park Nov. 23 [CK]. Field Observers and banders were in agreement that Swainson's Thrush staged a good migration. They were considered more common than usual at low· elevations and a total of 384 was banded at A.F.M.O. between Aug. 31 and Oct. 13: The number of Gray-cheeked Thrush captured at A.F.M.O. was less than usual but a good showing was made at Morgantown and Charleston for this species. .

Gnatcatchers, kinglets, waxwings and - pipits-Latest date for Blue-gray· Gnatcatcher was Sept. 6 at Charleston [CK]. A good migration of kinglets was reported throughout the region with Golden-crowned leading the tield. New highs for both species occurred at A.F.M.O. where 168· Golden-crowns and 77 Ruby-crowns were banded. Unusually good numbers of Ruby-crowns were seen at Pipestem State Park Oct. 10 [OJ].

The only report of a movement of Cedar Waxwings came from Allegheny Front Mountain where unusually large numbers flew past the banding station on Sept. 8 [GAH]. A Water Pipit banded at A.F.M.O. on Sept. 28 was a new species for the station.

Vireos-The vireo flight appeared normal. A White-eyed Vireo was captured at A.F.M.O. Sept. 22. This was the second record for the station. It was a good year for Philadelphia Vireos. 10 were banded at A.F.M.O. and a very late one was banded at Morgantown on Nov. 4.

Warblers-"':From the standpoint of field observers, especially at low elevations, the migration of warblers appeared to be little more than ordinary. Most observers felt that .they had seen a moderate amount of warblers, including most species, but waves and concentrations of birds did not occur. It was a steady drawn out passage


resulting from a weather pattern which produced no cold fronts or sud~en changes. Banders 'however told the story. A.F .M. O. was in operation 57 days with only one day lost to weather conditions. Here several species of warblers \vere caught in record numbers. Noteworthy was 452 Tennessee; 148 Magnolia; 328 Cape May; 490 Black-throated Blue; 201 Black-throated Green; 225 Bay-breasted; 784 Blackoll; 12 Connecticut; 146 Yellowthroat and 35 Redstart. Good numbers of Magnolia Warblers were banded at Charleston and Morgantown. Yellow-rumped Warblers appeared to be in short supply and few had been reported at the end of the period. The capture of 4 Cerulean Warblers at A.F.M.O. between Sept. 1 and 9 v';as noteworthy. The best period for warblers at Pipestem State Park was between Sept. 26 and Oct. 5 [OJ].

Blackbirds and tanagers-A flock of 30 or more Bobolinks was seen near Lewisburg, W. Va'. Sept. 14 and about 20 were seen in that vicinity Oct. 1 [COH]. A small flock of Rusty Blackbirds came to a feeder at Lerona, W. Va. Nov. 20 but moved on [OJ]. Scarlet Tanagers staged a good flight. The latest date was Oct. 15 when 2 were banded at Charleston [CK].

Grosbeaks, finches and sparrows-Most reporters commented on the abundance of Cardinals. The flight of Rose-breasted Grosbeaks was considered good by most reporters. Purple' Finches were erratic' in their appearance. Hall considered the flight good, banding 62 between Oct. 10 and Nov. 4 with flocks seen every day. They were fairly common in the East Liverpool, O. area first part of the period but moved out. early. Charleston observers saw very few. Pine Siskins were reported from several places but apparently moved out of the region by the end of October. The latest date for Vesper Sparrow was Nov. 17 at Clarksville, Pa. [RKB]. Juncos were a little late in arriving but numbers appeared adequate. Tree Sparrows were considered scarce by several reporters. 'White-crowned Sparrows were somewhat late and did not appear to be very plentiful. On the other hand White-throated' Sparrows were plentiful and many, showed signs of remaining in the region. Fox Sparrows were a little late but numbers appeared normal. The 5 Lincoln Sparrows banded atA.F.M.O. between Sept. 9 and Oct. 4 and 4 at Morgantown indicated a good migration.

Contributors-Ralph K. Bell, RKB; Mary Chapman and Mabel Edgerton, C&E; Norris'Gluck, NG; George A. Hall, GAH; Charles O. Handley, COH; Howard O. Heimerdinger, HOH; Russell Hogg, RH; George F. Hurley, GFH; Oliver Johnson, OJ; Connie Katholi, CK; Eleanor Soja, ES.-Mrs. Nevada Laitsch, MC 21, Dixonville, East Liverpool, Ohio.


The Gathering Cage

Constance Katholi, Editor 930 Woodland Avenue

South Charleston, W. Va.

,Clarksville, Pa.-Prior to 1958, Ihad considered the Cliff Swallow a rare bird here in the southwest corner of Pennsylvania, but this had not always been the case as J. Warren Jacobs'in his list of SUMMER BIRDS OF GREENE COUNTY, PA. (1893) reported as follows: "Nests abundantly about barns and other buildings along the. streams, placing the nest under the eaves; 4 and 5 eggs are laid from June 1st to 25th". This was before the House Sparrow became really abundant in the rural areas here and caused the drastic decline in the Cliff Swallow.

On the morning of May 4, 1958, I noted 14 Cliff Swallows flying around our painted barn. They kept flying up under the eaves as if looking for places to nest. This surprised me since I was under the impFession that this swallow would only nest on unpainted surfaces (where the mud would stick better). I soon nailed some blocks of wood under the eaves in hopes this would induce them to nest. but no nests were started, However. I, would occasionally see Cliff Swallows feeding over the nearby fields that summer'and even caught an immature on August 3 in a net set for Barn Swallows. , The next 4 summers (1959-1962). a few Cliff Swallows were seen but no apparent

attempts were made to nest on our barn. During this period. I placed small pieces of wire mesh under the eaves. and added ·mud in the proper shape to suggest foundations of old Cliff Swallow nests. On May 2. 1964. a pair of Cliff Swallows were ' seen adding mud to one of my,pre-fab nests. Three days later the swallows left as House Sp'arrows took over the almost completed nest. (Those and many other House Sparrows were soon eliminated.) On 'May 11. 1964. eleven Cliff Swallows were seen flying around our barn and 2 pairs were carrying mud pellets. but only one nest was ever completed. Young later left this nest successfully. My diary continues as follows:

May 9.1965. Saw my first Cliff Swallows today. They eventually raised one brood (with my help in eliminating all House Sparrows).

May 5, 1966-Thefirst Cliff Swallow arrived today. My records do not indicate they nested successfully. House Sparrows are such a problem. If not killed within


one or two days the swallows will leave. May 23. 1967-;The first Cliff Swallows noted today. Two nests occupied this year

(one by a pair of real late arrivals). At least 3 egg~ didn't hatch in the first nest and one or .more in the second nest. Heat may have been the cause because it was exceptionally hot during the period of June 9-16 (the nests were very close up under the eaves where it would get very hot).

May 3. 1968-The first Cliff Swallows arrived. No young raised this year as House Sparrows took over nest while I was away at the Wildflower Pilgrimage (May 17-20).

May 5, 1969-0ne Cliff Swallow here and another the next day. House Sparrows won again and this is the last attempt at nesting.

During this 12 year period, a total of 18 Cliff Swallows were banded. A male banded on JUly 10, 1963, was again netted on July 6, 1964 and June 30, 1965. An immature bird banded on July 4, 1965 was recaptured on July 9, 1966. There have been no distant recoveries. After all these years of trying to establish a colony here, the Cliff Swallows finally gave up. Theyar~ a very interesting species and add so much to the country scene. The House $parrows were the victors ... the Cliff Swallows and the Bells were the losers. - Ralph K. Bell

Columbus, Ohio-Weare hopefully in the process' of raising our sights beyond our decoy trap banding data to a considerably larger universe. We now have, through the courtesy of the Wild Life Service, a magnetic tape which includes all the recoveries of Red-wings .banded by anybody anywhere in the United. States from 1954 through last August. We have been promised similar tapes for Cowbirds, Grackles and Starlings. The tapes include most of the data appearing on the recovery cards such as we receive from the Banding Laboratory for any birds we have banded .. If we can get the comIJuter to extract the information we want we may get some' answers based on very respectable samples. .

You'd be surprised, however: there are oniy 12 banding stations in the country that have over 100 recoveries of Red-wings banded in the period noted above. We are also becoming more sensitive to another variable in banding data when it is considered quantitatively. Weare finding that banding stations in the northern part of the country do not have as many recoveries northward from the station as do stations in the southern part of the country. This simply means that a recovery involves two factors: (1) the bird has to get there and (2) somebody has to be there to find the bird. And the farther north the bird goes the fewer finders are available. Additionally, suppose you are banding in a rural area surrounded by cities 50 miles distant. You will get proportionately fewer local recoveries because of the small rural human population although you may have a large local population of banded birds.

At the moment we are frustrated. Can we correct our recovery data for human population density? Maybe 1% of our Columbus birds that go up into Ontario are found by somebody there while 5% of our birds that go to the deep south are recovered. We ought to consider the probability of a bird being found after he gets there. How do you do this statistically? - Haroid E. Burtt


~REDSTART - Brooks Bird Club · PENDLETON COUNTY FORAY Area Survey E. R.Chandler A general...

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Transcript of ~REDSTART - Brooks Bird Club · PENDLETON COUNTY FORAY Area Survey E. R.Chandler A general...