RedNeT Presentation
-
Upload
drug-education-forum -
Category
Education
-
view
2.701 -
download
0
description
Transcript of RedNeT Presentation
+
Zoe Davey ReDNet Project Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London [email protected]
Drug Education Forum AGM, London, UK 4th March 2010
Recreational Drugs European Network: an ICT prevention service addressing the use of novel compounds in vulnerable individuals
Dr Ornella Corazza ReDNet Project School of Pharmacy, University of Hertfordshire [email protected]
+Overview of the ReDNet Project Dr Ornella Corazza University of Hertfordshire [email protected]
+ReDNet Project Initial Situation: Problem Analysis
Hundreds of websites dedicated to the dissemination of new drugs and provide detailed ‘recipes’ for synthesizing, growing, and consuming a variety
These drugs are constantly appearing in more sophisticated forms
Lack of scientific knowledge
Can remain unregulated for a long period of time
Often sold as ‘something’ else
Young people targeted
Attractive messages, accessible
New products alerts via SMS, email, etc
+ReDNet Project Initial Situation: Problem Analysis
In the last decade there has been a dramatic change in the social context of substance misuse, which has shown rapid and unexpected developments. Not only have the types of recreational drugs changed, but also the modalities of intake, and the places where they are purchased and consumed
(Gordon et al., 2006; Schepis et al., 2008; Schifano et al., 2006; Corazza et al 2009).
+ReDNet Project Aims
To develop an integrated ICT prevention approach focused on novel synthetic and herbal compounds and combinations, targeted at young and vulnerable individuals.
To investigate the potential of ICT tools in drug prevention approaches focusing on novel psychoactive compounds
+ReDNet Project Working Hypothesis
Traditional forms of intervention appear to be negatively appraised by those ‘at risk’:
Fear based and moralistic
Theoretical and didactic
Focused on traditional drugs (which are not the only interest of young people)
+ReDNet Project Objectives
To develop specific, balanced, non judgmental prevention/harm minimisation messages
To pilot a number of ICT tools that are informed by available literature, accurate and up-to-date information on novel psychoactive compounds, and input from the target group(s)
To assess the feasibility of a variety of the implemented ICT tools /prevention approaches
+ReDNet Project
Target Groups Young people (16-24) who don’t have access to appropriate drug
information and/or treatment services (the online community, high school students, university students etc)
Health and other professionals working directly with the above group who are often no up-to-date with information about new drugs and novel compounds
Methods To develop and pilot a number of approaches using different ICT tools
e.g., SMS, Social networking (Facebook/Twitter), Multimedia ( YouTube), Smartphone applications (iPhone), Virtual worlds (Secondlife)
Involve target groups(s) in the development of appropriate content (taking into account possible iatrogenic effects)
Use the Psychonaut Web Mapping system as a source of information on new drugs and emerging trends (continue to update this resource)
+ReDNet Project
Expected outcomes Raise awareness of novel compounds and the potential harms associated
with their use
To have contributed to the development of the first ICT prevention model of its kind that is functional at the European level
To have developed a model for effectively targeting young people, making them more aware of the health risks associated with the use of ‘legal highs’ which are perceived as ‘safe’ by a number of users
To enhance scientific knowledge and understanding of novel recreational drugs amongst relevant professionals
To have piloted and assessed the risk associated with the dissemination of information on novel compounds to young people
+ReDNet Project
24 months (start date April 2010)
Funded by the EU Executive Agency for Health and Consumers in the framework of the Public Health Programme [2009 12 26]
Main Beneficiary: Professor Fabrizio Schifano University of Hertfordshire College Lane Hatfield Hertfordshire UK
University of Herfordshire, UK
Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, UK
Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Poland
Bergen Clinics Foundation, Norway
De Sleutel, Belgium
Servizio Salute Regione Marche, Italy
Consorci Mar Parc de Salut, Spain
LVR, University of Duisberg-Essen, Germany
National Institute for Drug Prevention, Hungary
DrugScope UK
ReDNet Research Group Project Details
+Drugs on the Internet Dr Ornella Corazza School of Pharmacy University of Hertfordshire [email protected]
+ Drugs on the Internet Examples from the Psychonaut Web Mapping Project 2008-2009 412 compounds
Technical Reports
Salvia divinorum Spice Mephedrone Bromo-dragonfly Lyrica (Pregabalin) Sassafras Wild Dagga Gotu Kola Jurema Happy Caps Norspan Herkinorin Minikikke/Superkikke 4-AcO-MET Syrian Rue 5-MeO-MiPT
Phalaris Arundinacea Ephedra Kola Nut Benzydamine (Tantum Rosa) HU-210 Sinicuichi GBL, GHB, 1,4-BDO 2CB Peyote MDPV 5-MeO-AET JWH-018 JWH-073 Ikathazo Papaver somniferum
+ Psychonaut Web Mapping Project Technical Report
+ Psychonaut Web Mapping Project Example
+ Psychonaut Web Mapping Project Example
+ Psychonaut Web Mapping Project Example
+ Lyrica (Pregabalin)
+ Lyrica (Pregabalin)
+ Prescription drugs and other
Darvon
Prozac
Lyrica
Ritalin
Viagra
Anabolic Steroids
Barbiturates
+ Online buyers often can
Contact sellers directly
Get alerts about new products advertised by the seller via text messages, or instant messages
Email product to a friend
+ Second Life
+Emerging trends Further results of the Psychonaut Web Mapping Project Zoe Davey Institute of Psychiatry King’s College London [email protected]
+ Beta-ketones
Synthetic stimulant compounds sharing psychoactive properties of cocaine, MDMA (ecstasy), and/or amphetamines
Sold as ‘research chemicals’ as well as commercially as ‘plant feeder’, ‘bath salts’, ‘multivitamins’ and/or ‘not for human consumption’
Examples include
Mephedrone – structurally similar to methcathinone (beta-ketone analogue of methamphetamine)
Methedrone (bk-PMMA) – beta-ketone analogue of PMMA (structurally similar to PMA)
Methylone (bk-MDMA) – beta-ketone analogue of MDMA
Flephedrone (4-FMC) – analogue of methcathinone
Butylone (bk-MBDB) – beta-ketone analogue of MBDB (close analogue of MDMA)
Ethylone (bk-MDEA) – beta-ketone analogue of MDEA (close analogue of MDMA)
Buphedrone – analogue of methcathinone
Ethcathinone – analogue of methcathinone
+ Mephedrone Miaow, 4-MMC, MMCat, Meph, Bubbles, Drone, Rush etc.
4-methylmethcathinone
(Semi-)synthetic compound related to cathinone (identified in khat)
Appeared online in or around 2007
Popularity in Sweden and Denmark in 2008
Accelerated rise in popularity in 2009 (especially in the UK)
Increased media attention, fatalities and non-fatal overdoses
Compared variously to amphetamine, MDMA (ecstasy), and cocaine – has stimulant, empathogenic/entactogenic, and hallucinogenic properties
Controlled in: Australia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Israel, Norway, Romania, Sweden
+ Mephedrone ‘Plant feeder’, ‘Bath Salts’, ‘Multivitamins’, and/or ‘Not for human consumption’
Widely available to purchase online “buy mephedrone” 105,000 hits in Google
Marketed online and via social networking site (Facebook, Twitter, YouTube)
Commonly sold as powders or in capsules
Sold as not for human consumption to avoid existing legislation such as the Medicines act
Purchase price: £10 for 2 capsules (250-300mg capsules)
£10-15 for 1g powder
‘Intended to promote speedy growth in all plants without compromising quality. Guidance: Large shrubs use 1 feeder each, smaller shrubs and shoots use half a feeder. It is not recommended that you use more than 2 feeders in a single day as this could have adverse effects on your plants. NOT FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION’
‘Relax and soak away Concentrated bath salts, only use as advised, PLEASE do not use this as SNUFF!!! Add the contents to a hot bath to naturally soften the water which will leave you feeling very soothed and relaxed. This is used to mimic the natural hot springs of the greek sea. NOT FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION’
+
~40% of UK respondents to the 2009/2010 MixMag Drug Survey had tried the drug
Most commonly administered orally (bombing, gums, dissolved), intranasally (snorting)
Dose usually varies between 100mg – 1g, but can be upwards of 4g (incl. redose)
Reportedly taken in combination with a variety of other compounds, including: Alcohol Other research chemicals Cocaine MDMA Ketamine (‘Challenge’) Heroin (similar to ‘speedball’ Cannabis, Kratom, depressants (during
comedown period)
+ Mephedrone Stimulant, empathogenic, and hallucinogenic effects
Euphoria
Empathy
Sociability
Stimulation
Intensification of sensory stimulation
Mild sexual stimulation
Mood enhancement
Hallucinations
Similar to cocaine, MDMA, and Amphetamine
Anorexia
Nausea
Respiratory difficulties
Muscular clenching
Ulcerations
Amnesia
Dermatitis like symptoms
Discolouration of the joints
Anxiety
Depression
Desired psychoactive effects Side effects
+ Mephedrone Pharmacology and toxicology
Little is known about the pharmacology and toxicology of mephedrone in humans Limited to case studies, short reports, and focus groups
According to users there is an addictive quality to the substance Binges and redosing in a single session common
Reported development of tolerance
Five reported fatalities in which mephedrone has been implicated
Denmark, May 2008
Sweden, December 2008
UK, November 2009 (14 year-old, female)
UK, January 2010 (18 year-old, male)
UK January 2010 (49 year-old female)
Reported non-fatal overdoses in the UK
+Contact For further information about the ReDNet Project or the Psychonaut Web Mapping Project
www.psychonautproject.eu
Dr Ornella Corazza [email protected]
Zoe Davey [email protected]