By. Nathan Kolwich. Is Zinc Really the most useful mineral for the human body.
Redistribution of body zinc content
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Abstracts 151 further injury to the underlying bum. Polyoxyethylene sorbitan (Tween 80) or polysorbate by itself or in combination with an antibiotic ointment (neomycin sulphate) appears to be a safe and effective means of removing the tar. Demlmg R. H., Buerstatte W. R. and Perea A. f 1980) Manaaement of hot tar bums. J. Trauma 20. 242. ’ - rats with a lethal infection superimposed on the burn. The amount of zinc found in the liver was far in excess of that lost from the serum and may have been related to altered nitrogen distribution. Unlike the liver, the kidneys do not sequester zinc. The availability of food limits, but does not obliterate, either the plasma zinc depression or the hepatic accumulation. The redistri- bution of zinc after bums, with or without the compli- cation of infection, does not appear to be related to alterations in the concentration ofalbumin in plasma. Hormone interactions Thyroid-catecholamine interactions were studied in Powanda M. C., Villareal Y., Rodriguez E. et al. 17 severely burned patients. Nine of the patients (1980) Redistribution of zinc within burned and received 2OOpg per day of tri-iodothyronine (T,). burned-infected rats. Proc. Sot. Exp. Biol. Med. 163. Mean serum concentrations of T, were significantly 296. lower in the untreated group than in the treated group. -Becker R. A., Vaughan G. M.rGoodwin C. W. et al. Mean serum thyroxine (T,) concentrations were sig- nificantly higher in the untreated group than in the (I 980) Plasma norepinephrine, epinephrine and thy- treated group. The mean plasma noradrenaline concentration in the untreated group was significantly roid hormone interactions in severely burned patients. greater than that of the treated group. In the untreated group log plasma noradrenaline concentration corre- Arch. Surg. 115,439. lated inversely with serum T, levels, as did the log plasma adrenaline levels. The metabolic rates were not significantly different in the two groups ofpatients. Prediction of sepsis Phenytoin in burns Unexpectedly low serum phenytoin levels were found 1.50 * 0.38 I h-i kg-’ in burned rats. The volume of in burned epileptic patients suggesting a marked alteration in the distribution of this compound. In distribution increased from 0.82 k 0.058 l/kg in con- burned rats a single intravenous dose of IO mg per kg body weight of phenytoin was given to assess the trol rats to 1.01 & 0.1 I I/kg in burned rats. The first rate of disappearance from plasma and its body distribution. Clearance from the plasma increased order elimination rate constant did not change signifi- from I.08 & 0.28 I h-l kg-i in control rats to cantly (1.31 t 0.37 versus 1.52 2 0.48). The in- creased clearance and volume of distribution could be lmmunocompetende was tested sequentially in 26 patients with bums covering between 30 and 80 per cent of the body surface. There was a marked depres- sion in the phytohaemagglutinin response in 12 of the patients between 5 and 8 days after burning, and an increased suppression of the normal mixed leucocyte response. A life-threatening episode of sepsis was observed 4 or 5 days after these findings. Concomitant with the marked immunosuppression was the appear- ance of red debris in the normally white mononuclear layer of the Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient. The only patients who survived in this group received amino- glycosides at the time red debris was observed. As neither immunosuppression nor red debris were observed in the remaining 14 patients, this observation of red debris can be used as a simple and reliable predictor of impending sepsis and allows the use of explained by a decrease in plasma protein binding. The free fraction in plasma increased from 27. I t I .2 per cent in control rats to 33.4 rt 1.6 per cent in burned rats. The change in binding coincided with a fall in albumin concentration from 2.64 * 0.33 g/dl in controls to I.98 & 0.16 g/d1 in burned rats. Similar falls in albumin concentration and phenytoin levels bound to the albumin were observed in 4 patients with bums. Bowdle T. A., Neal G. D., Levy R. H. et al. (I 980) Phenytoin pharmacokinetics in burned rats and plasma protein binding of phenytoin in burned patients. J. Pharmacol. E.xp. Thu. 213,97. LABORATORY STUDIES antibiotics before clinical onset. Baker C. C., Trunkey D. D. and Baker W. J. (1980) Studies of dermal ischaemia A simple method of predicting severe sepsis in bum Histological procedures are described for determining patients. Am. J. Surg. 139, 5 13. the presence of prostaglandins and thromboxanes in burned tissue. An immunoperoxidase technique is combined with anti rabbit alobulins for the detection of PGF,,, PGF,,, PGE, and thromboxane B,. All these compounds could be detected in burned tissue. Heaaers J. P.. Lov G. L.. Robson M. C. et al. (1980) ANIMAL STUDIES Redistribution of body zinc content Low plasma zinc levels and hepatic sequestration of Histological demonstration of prostaglandins and zinc occurs in rats receiving a non-lethal scald and in thromboxanes in burned tissue. J. Surg. Rex 28, 110.
Transcript of Redistribution of body zinc content
Abstracts 151
further injury to the underlying bum. Polyoxyethylene sorbitan (Tween 80) or polysorbate by itself or in combination with an antibiotic ointment (neomycin sulphate) appears to be a safe and effective means of removing the tar.
Demlmg R. H., Buerstatte W. R. and Perea A. f 1980) Manaaement of hot tar bums. J. Trauma 20. 242. ’ -
rats with a lethal infection superimposed on the burn. The amount of zinc found in the liver was far in excess of that lost from the serum and may have been related to altered nitrogen distribution. Unlike the liver, the kidneys do not sequester zinc. The availability of food limits, but does not obliterate, either the plasma zinc depression or the hepatic accumulation. The redistri- bution of zinc after bums, with or without the compli- cation of infection, does not appear to be related to alterations in the concentration ofalbumin in plasma. Hormone interactions
Thyroid-catecholamine interactions were studied in Powanda M. C., Villareal Y., Rodriguez E. et al. 17 severely burned patients. Nine of the patients (1980) Redistribution of zinc within burned and received 2OOpg per day of tri-iodothyronine (T,). burned-infected rats. Proc. Sot. Exp. Biol. Med. 163. Mean serum concentrations of T, were significantly 296. lower in the untreated group than in the treated group.
-Becker R. A., Vaughan G. M.rGoodwin C. W. et al.
Mean serum thyroxine (T,) concentrations were sig- nificantly higher in the untreated group than in the
(I 980) Plasma norepinephrine, epinephrine and thy-
treated group. The mean plasma noradrenaline concentration in the untreated group was significantly
roid hormone interactions in severely burned patients.
greater than that of the treated group. In the untreated group log plasma noradrenaline concentration corre-
Arch. Surg. 115,439.
lated inversely with serum T, levels, as did the log plasma adrenaline levels. The metabolic rates were not significantly different in the two groups ofpatients.
Prediction of sepsis
Phenytoin in burns Unexpectedly low serum phenytoin levels were found
1.50 * 0.38 I h-i kg-’ in burned rats. The volume of
in burned epileptic patients suggesting a marked alteration in the distribution of this compound. In
distribution increased from 0.82 k 0.058 l/kg in con-
burned rats a single intravenous dose of IO mg per kg body weight of phenytoin was given to assess the
trol rats to 1.01 & 0.1 I I/kg in burned rats. The first
rate of disappearance from plasma and its body distribution. Clearance from the plasma increased
order elimination rate constant did not change signifi-
from I.08 & 0.28 I h-l kg-i in control rats to
cantly (1.31 t 0.37 versus 1.52 2 0.48). The in- creased clearance and volume of distribution could be
lmmunocompetende was tested sequentially in 26 patients with bums covering between 30 and 80 per cent of the body surface. There was a marked depres- sion in the phytohaemagglutinin response in 12 of the patients between 5 and 8 days after burning, and an increased suppression of the normal mixed leucocyte response. A life-threatening episode of sepsis was observed 4 or 5 days after these findings. Concomitant with the marked immunosuppression was the appear- ance of red debris in the normally white mononuclear layer of the Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient. The only patients who survived in this group received amino- glycosides at the time red debris was observed. As neither immunosuppression nor red debris were observed in the remaining 14 patients, this observation of red debris can be used as a simple and reliable predictor of impending sepsis and allows the use of
explained by a decrease in plasma protein binding. The free fraction in plasma increased from 27. I t I .2 per cent in control rats to 33.4 rt 1.6 per cent in burned rats. The change in binding coincided with a fall in albumin concentration from 2.64 * 0.33 g/dl in controls to I.98 & 0.16 g/d1 in burned rats. Similar falls in albumin concentration and phenytoin levels bound to the albumin were observed in 4 patients with bums.
Bowdle T. A., Neal G. D., Levy R. H. et al. (I 980) Phenytoin pharmacokinetics in burned rats and plasma protein binding of phenytoin in burned patients. J. Pharmacol. E.xp. Thu. 213,97.
LABORATORY STUDIES antibiotics before clinical onset.
Baker C. C., Trunkey D. D. and Baker W. J. (1980) Studies of dermal ischaemia
A simple method of predicting severe sepsis in bum Histological procedures are described for determining
patients. Am. J. Surg. 139, 5 13. the presence of prostaglandins and thromboxanes in burned tissue. An immunoperoxidase technique is combined with anti rabbit alobulins for the detection of PGF,,, PGF,,, PGE, and thromboxane B,. All these compounds could be detected in burned tissue.
Heaaers J. P.. Lov G. L.. Robson M. C. et al. (1980)
ANIMAL STUDIES Redistribution of body zinc content Low plasma zinc levels and hepatic sequestration of Histological demonstration of prostaglandins and zinc occurs in rats receiving a non-lethal scald and in thromboxanes in burned tissue. J. Surg. Rex 28, 110.
