REDD+ as a catalyst to a Green...
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UN-REDD P R O G R A M M E REDD+ as a catalyst to a Green Economy? Biomass estimation and forest cover mapping workshop, Kigali – 20 June Wahida Patwa Shah UNEP- Nairobi
Transcript of REDD+ as a catalyst to a Green...
UN-REDDP R O G R A M M E
REDD+ as a catalyst to a Green Economy?
Biomass estimation and forest cover mapping workshop,
Kigali – 20 JuneWahida Patwa Shah
UNEP- Nairobi
UN-REDDP R O G R A M M E
Outline
REDD+
UN-REDD Programme
Beyond Carbon: Multiple Benefits of REDD+
UN-REDDP R O G R A M M E
The REDD+ challenge
Support countries to develop strategies and capacities to create and monitor a forest based ‘carbon asset’However…
REDD+ or REDD plus –
Decision 2, COP 13 (Bali Action Plan) and COP decision: 4/CP.15 (Methods)Draft text on REDD+ in AWG-LCACopenhagen Accord and now Cancun Decision
Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, and the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries
UN-REDDP R O G R A M M E
Fundamental assumptions• REDD+ will achieve its objectives only if:
– It delivers carbon benefits that are ‘additional’ – Promotes equitable development (i.e. local livelihoods
and jobs, alternatives that go beyond compensation, through to enhancing national income, )
– Is able to distribute and devolve benefits equitably – Protects local communities and IPs – for e.g user and
access rights – Safeguards and enhances biodiversity and ecosystem
services– Invest REDD+ funding for transformative shifts
UN-REDDP R O G R A M M E
Cancun & beyond
– Interim Partnership on REDD+– World Bank & UN coordination– Bilateral Initiatives – Country level progress– Pilot projects at local and sub regional level – Safeguards – Financing
UN-REDDP R O G R A M M E
Bilateral initiatives
1. Australia International Forest Carbon Initiative (Asia Pacific)2. Norway International Climate and Forestry Initiative
– Brazil Amazon Fund• fight deforestation, conserve and promote the sustainable use of forests in the
Amazon biome
– Guyana– Indonesia – letter of Intent
3. DFID ($97m), AFD ($112m), GTZ ($37m) …
UN-REDDP R O G R A M M E
Main Multilateral Initiatives
1. UN-REDD Programme (FAO, UNDP and UNEP)2. Forest Carbon Partnership Facility (FCPF) 3. Forest Investment Program (FIP), part of the Climate
Investment Fund4. Congo Basin Forest Fund (CBFF)
UN-REDDP R O G R A M M E
Funding commitments
1. UN-REDD Programme –US$107million2. FCPF
Readiness Fund: about US$115 millionCarbon Fund: about US$34 million signed
3. FIP –US$542million pledged, US$ 82 million available4. GEF –US$180-250million for SFM5. Congo Basin Forest Fund –GBP£100million6. Fast start funding for REDD+: +/-$4 billion
UN-REDDP R O G R A M M E
UN-REDD Programme• One-UN: collaborative programme FAO/UNDP/UNEP• Coordination with other initiatives • Contribution to UNFCCC process
Quick Start:• Norway principal donor• Support from Denmark and Spain• Country actions• Global component
UN-REDDP R O G R A M M E
UN-REDD country programs
• 9 countries; $4.4M per country; Country ownership and leadership
Pilot Countries – 30 member countries• Africa: DRC, Tanzania, Zambia, Observer countries in Africa
include CAR, RoC, Kenya, Nigeria and Sudan• Asia & Pacific: Indonesia, PNG, Vietnam• Latin America: Bolivia, Panama, Paraguay
UN-REDDP R O G R A M M E
Work areas of UN-REDD
MRV and Monitoring
National REDD governance
Engagement of Stakeholders
Equitable Benefit Sharing
Multiple Benefits REDD+ as a catalyst to a green
economy
UN-REDDP R O G R A M M E
‘Ecosystem-based benefits’ - conservation of forest biodiversity, water regulation, soil conservation, timber, forest foods and other non-timber forest products.
Various factors affect the extent to which these benefits are delivered: the type, location and condition of the forest involved, which REDD+ activity is undertaken, how it is implemented, and the dependence of the local population on forest resources.
REDD+ - social benefits, such as jobs, livelihoods, land tenure clarification, carbon payments, enhanced participation in decision-making and improved governance.
Activities include: •consultations on national priorities •map-based analyses of the relationship between carbon, biodiversity and ecosystem-services •exploration of the role of valuation and payments for ecosystem services •development of a framework for understanding the consequences of land-use decisions for biodiversity and ecosystem services •sharing of experience from different countries,
UN-REDDP R O G R A M M E
Benefits to:Local populationDownstream populationGlobal population
Biodiversity
Timber
NTFP
Reduction sedimentation
Carbon sequestration
Water purification
Users of forest ecosystem services. Each circle represents one of the services provided by a particular forest. In this scenario the forest has large watershed and carbon sequestration benefits. Biodiversity encompasses all the other services as it is a benefit in its own right as well as a prerequisite enabling other benefits. Modified from Pagiola et al. (2002) and informed by MEA framework (MA 2003).
Ecosystem Services
UN-REDDP R O G R A M M E
Multiple Benefits Beyond CarbonTransformative change • Standards – principles
and criteria for REDD+• Spatial analysis• Scenario analysis• Multi criteria tools• Participatory land use
planning • Trade-off analysis
• Convening role• Examples at the
provincial level• National champions• Key enablers• Innovation hubs –
bringing together decision makers and knowledge generation
UN-REDDP R O G R A M M E
A Green Economy
• Beyond Carbon to a green economy• Results in ‘improved human well being and social equity,
while significantly reducing environmental risks and ecological scarcities.
• REDD can galvanise the investments needed ?• Systems in place to safeguards multiple benefits, (manage
risks and capture and integrate ecosystem based benefits)
UN-REDDP R O G R A M M E
Green Economy Transformation
• To offer a forest based carbon asset, countries will have to– Reduce consumption of existing forest resources– Shift to less consumptive use patterns
• This will require– Investments in efficiency of use and processing of current options– Identification of alternative, less consumptive options– Investments in developing these options
I.e. Efficiency Gains & ‘Step-changes’ are key securing and sustaining the delivery of forest carbon assets. This is a transformative process.
UN-REDDP R O G R A M M E
Chips, round wood
Other ecosystem services
NTFP & timber
Carbon credit
Forests
New technologies (e.g. integrated biorefineries)
Mills
Energy: Fuelwood & charcoal
Transport & energy markets
Forest Ecosystem service markets
Forest Product markets
CO2 markets
Forest conversionsAgricultural markets,
Non-timber energy markets,Land markets
Low value timber
Capital & financial markets, derived
markets: securities, insurance etc.
Public finance
Water, recreation, NTFPs
ODA
Sustainable intensification, tree crops, other high value shifts
REDD+ $$Non market benefits
After Alusi et al, modified
Step changes
Efficiency gains, waste reductionForest losses
UN-REDDP R O G R A M M E
Fundamentally
REDD+, taken as a whole, is a unique opportunity to transform the forest sector and landscapes with trees including agricultural lands
UN-REDDP R O G R A M M E
Assessment of risks (both socio-economic and environmental)• The conversion of natural forests to plantations and other land uses of low
biodiversity value and low resilience; • The loss of traditional territories, natural resource rights and ecological
knowledge; • The loss of traditional and rural livelihoods;• Social exclusion and elite capture in the distribution of benefits from REDD+;• The creation of contradictory or competing national policy frameworks;• The other benefits of forests are traded-off at the expense of maximizing the
carbon benefits.
Understand impacts, devise remedial measures
Risks
UN-REDDP R O G R A M M E
REDD+ in DRC• Achievements
– National Coordination, supported by PM decree– Integration of UN-REDD & FCPF coordination– Civil society engagement integrated into delivery– MRV (Satellite land monitoring, NFI, GHG Inventory)
• Ongoing– SESA (Strategic Social and Environmental Assessment)– REDD+ Strategy development– Pilot projects processes– Overall vision and land use planning
UN-REDDP R O G R A M M E
Cont. Ongoing
1. Analysis of existing policies and regulations (legal framework) to determine the extent to which they reflect and incorporate standards, mechanisms, incentives etc. to manage risks and capture benefits within the REDD+ context.
2. Participatory development of a set of nationally appropriate standards including indicators and verifiers.
3. Investments portfolio (FIP) and investment strategySustainable intensification of agriculture, energy – for urban areas, 2 pilot projects for carbon and ecosystem services, management of water,
4. Green Economy; enabling conditions, forest, agriculture, mining codes; meso and macro zoning, PES, fiscal incentives, tax regimes.
UN-REDDP R O G R A M M E
- Economic and social data required to assess and understand the economic benefits of forest based ecosystems services
- Provide methods review and assessment of data needs and gaps for economic and social benefits from forest ES into pilot projects - Current drivers of land use change, deforestation and forest degradation
and effects on stocks and flows- Economic models (scale based)
Work with WHRC
Developing Investments portfolios
UN-REDDP R O G R A M M E
Biomass carbon in DRC
UN-REDDP R O G R A M M E
High biodiversity+carbon= high potential for ecosystem benefits
High correlation between carbon stocks and protected areas – management in PAs and issues concerning livelihoods etc.
UN-REDDP R O G R A M M E
High biodiversity+carbon= high potential for ecosystem benefits
UN-REDDP R O G R A M M E
Mining and forest cover loss
Biomass carbon, mining and forest cover loss: mining activities are taking place on ca. 45 000 hectares of land. However, other areas may be affected by such activities in the future. Together, these areas cover 46% of the country and store 40% of its carbon. Explorative activities can significantly reduce the DRC’s carbon stocks – and the multiple benefits linked to the ecosystems in which it is stored.
UN-REDDP R O G R A M M E
• Spatial analyses of the relationship between carbon storage, biodiversity and ecosystem services
• Case studies in Vietnam, Indonesia, Tanzania, Bolivia... etc
Biodiversity and other ecosystem services
UN-REDDP R O G R A M M E
Tapping into Carbon Finance for MB REDD funds• For example Biocarbon FundsVoluntary markets • For example TIST Pilot projects at various scales • NGOS such as WCS, Wildlife Works Carbon• Integration of various services • PES - lesson learnt and best practices • Country examples like CR - Costa Rica - expanding forest areas need not come at
the cost of the economy, if the right policies, institutions and investments are put in place. During a 20 period preceding 2005, forest area in Costa Rica doubled to 52%, while per capita income more than doubled to $8,719.
UN-REDDP R O G R A M M E
Key Messages
The promise of REDD+ is motivating donor and developing countries alike to invest in capacity building for REDD+.
•Long term provision of carbon •Multiple benefits and safeguards•Leveraging investments
A substantial missed opportunity, if the potential afforded by REDD+ investments to safeguard, enhance and optimize social and environmental services and biodiversity was missed.
Country driven initiatives at various scalesIntegrated land use planning – capacity building and
UN-REDDP R O G R A M M E
Conclusion
• REDD+ is a viable option for climate mitigation, but offers additionally significant development opportunities at the local and national levels.
• REDD+ opportunities provide opportunities to all countries of differing areas of forest cover (plus= conservation and enhancement of carbon stocks and sustainable management of forests).
• Performance driven, and enabling conditions; shifts in attitude and culture of governance & management at local and national levels
• Dangers must not be under-estimated: corruption, transaction costs, equity in access to benefits & ‘voice’
• From UN-REDD Programme perspective a unique opportunity to deliver ecosystem services as a basis for a green economy in a coordinated, transformative process
UN-REDDP R O G R A M M E
Thank you! For more information: http://www.un-redd.org
