REDD and Governance Challenges in Indonesia
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REDD and Governance Challenges in Indonesia
Iman Santoso
Center for Socio-economic and PolicyForest Research and Development
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Indonesia’s Commitment
• September 2007: the President of Indonesia initiated a declaration of the world’s major tropical rainforest nations which undertakes to slow, stop and reverse forest loss
• IFCA: a group of national/international experts on forest management, carbon and governance funded by the World Bank, the British, Australian & German Governments.
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Key elements examined by the IFCA
A baseline • Strategies to reduce emissions & to
ensure their permanence; • Means of monitoring & verifying
emissions reductions, and preventing leakage;
• REDD markets/financing; • Mechanisms to manage and
distribute paymentsAll element need better governance
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Governance Challenges
Minimize deforestation and degradation• Spatial plan : implementation and leakages• Poverty, illegal activities & Law enforcement •FEWS and the role of forest: rational forest land allocation vs. optimal forest land uses•Infrastructures
Get better Price & Market of Carbon• Opportunity cost : could it be compensated ?• Related costs : transaction costs• Price, Equality and Fair Benefits
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Spatial Plan• Act 1992 development oriented 2007• Act 2008 gives first emphasis to environment
safety• Macro plan at provincial and district level• Indicative land allocation (incl. forest areas)• Misperception: Review vs. Revision : state
capture
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Spatial Plan
• Planned and governed forest conversion (around 70% of oil palm plantations have replaced forest and resulted in above ground emission.
• Unplanned and illegal conversion
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Poverty, Illegal Activities & Law Enforcement
No sufficient job opportunity: subsistence agriculture
Different perception on legality of timber
Insecure Forest Land Tenure : conflict over land uses
Administrative corruption
Ineffective law enforcement
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Food, Energy and Water Scarcity• Forest areas covering 59% of total
land• Some are indicated as suitable for
food production and protect soil and water system
• Micro and detailed soil assessment is needed
• Forest management units have not been established
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Others • Technical capacity• Data availability• Independent assessor
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Compensate opportunity cost ?• The existing land uses are
seen to be promising (Oil palm, pulp & paper ….. )
• High transaction and implementation costs of REDD
• Time lag before payments are made
• Long term perspectives
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Thank you
Ministry of Forestry