REDD+, an introduction

Michael BUCKI (DG CLIMA)Based on slides byDr Ruth Nussbaum

(ProForest)

Where does it come from ?

International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)

• IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (2007) calculated:– ca 20% anthropogenic CO2 emissions in

the 1990s from land use change, mainly forests

– Ca 25% total emissions reabsorbed by terrestrial ecosystems

• Forests crucial sources and sinks for greenhouse gases

Forests versus other GHG sources

• Stern Report (2006) and Eliasch review (2008) highlighted forests as a source of GHG emissions and put a number on cost of reductions

• McKinsey (2009) identified forests as a crucial component of any abatement strategy

0

1000

2000

3000

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5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

Forest Related

Natural Gas

Coal

Petrol

Approximate emissions 1990-1999 in million metric tons CO2

Developments within UNFCCC• Most forest-related activities excluded from the Kyoto

Protocol• COP 11 Montreal in 2005

– Coalition of Rainforest Nations requested a new agenda item under the Convention on: “Reducing emissions from deforestation in developing countries”

– Widespread support

• COP 13 Bali in 2007– Decision 2/CP.13: Reducing

emissions from deforestation in developing countries: approaches to stimulate action

• COP 15 in Copenhagen and 16 in Cancun (December 2010) made further progress

GOAL: To slow, halt and reverse the loss of forestcover and forest carbon

What is it?

What is REDD?

Baseline orreference level

Actual emissions

} Reduced emissions

Time

Emissions from forests

Forest Emissions=Area Change X Conversion Factor

Uncertainty ? Periodicity ? Additionality ?

“ … in the contextof the provision of financial resourcesand technicalsupport …”

Estimations:•€20-25 bn 2010-2015•€10 bn/y by 2020

What is REDD+• Conservation of

carbon in existing stocks

• Reduced emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD)

• Enhanced removals of carbon through increasing forest cover

• Sustainable forest management

The Forest Transition Curve

How to proceed?

Implementing REDD+

• Goal– Ex Ante Support for Strategic Planning, Reforms

Capacity Building, Monitoring and Baseline Setting– Losses reduced relative to baseline at national

level– Performance measured nationally– Payment made ex post based on verified

performance• Reality

– Many countries will not be able to achieve this in the short term

• Baselines may be challenging• Not able to reduce losses relative to baseline• Not able to monitor adequately

Information Needs

• Initial discussion focused only on carbon

• Now broad agreement that other forest values must be respected, hence monitored:– Tenure and use rights

(particularly of indigenous people)

– Biodiversity and protection of natural forests

– Other ecosystem services

– Equitable distribution of income

Who’s who?

UNFCCC, AWG LCA, SBI, SBSTA

REDD+ Partnership and Database

UNREDD, FCPF, FIP

EU REDD Facility

EU REDD Platform

Expectations for the FacilityBuilding on REDD+/FLEGT synergies or

“REDD as MAD” (Mitigation, Adaptation,

Development)

1. Supporting targeted developing country in building their capacity and improving forest governance in view of

REDD+ objectives

2. Guiding selected developing countries in accessing finance for REDD+

3. Facilitating Commission Services, MS and EU delegation support to REDD+ implementation in developing countries

4. Supporting effective communication and outreach