red mundial de observadores socialesred mundial de observadores sociales

社會觀察員的全球網路社會觀察員的全球網路

weltweites Netzwerk von sozialen Beobachterweltweites Netzwerk von sozialen Beobachter

svetovno mrežo socialnih opazovalcevsvetovno mrežo socialnih opazovalcev

réseau mondial d'observation socialeréseau mondial d'observation sociale

παγκόσμιο δίκτυο κοινωνικοί παρατηρητέςπαγκόσμιο δίκτυο κοινωνικοί παρατηρητές

worldwide network of social observersworldwide network of social observers

rete mondiale di osservatori socialirete mondiale di osservatori sociali

社会的な観測者の世界的ネットワーク社会的な観測者の世界的ネットワーク

verdensomspennende nettverk av sosiale observatørerverdensomspennende nettverk av sosiale observatører

na całym świecie sieci społeczne obserwatorówna całym świecie sieci społeczne obserwatorów

rede mundial de observadores sociaisrede mundial de observadores sociais

reţea mondială de observatori socialereţea mondială de observatori sociale

Всемирная сеть социальных наблюдателейВсемирная сеть социальных наблюдателей

من العالم أنحاء جميع في من شبكة العالم أنحاء جميع في شبكةاالجتماعية االجتماعية المراقبين المراقبين

GratitGratitudeude

The space is finishing, but I take my hat off in the presence of all of you that have made it possible.The space is finishing, but I take my hat off in the presence of all of you that have made it possible.

Thank you.Thank you.

I have not so many contacts in the world as to be I have not so many contacts in the world as to be able to obtain answers from 72 countries. Many of able to obtain answers from 72 countries. Many of you, anonymously, have made it possible, you, anonymously, have made it possible, because you thought it was an interesting project.because you thought it was an interesting project.

Although it involves a danger to give some Although it involves a danger to give some names, I must admit, first of all, that the names, I must admit, first of all, that the involvement of my children and my wife (addicted involvement of my children and my wife (addicted to aircraft kerosene) has been very efficient to to aircraft kerosene) has been very efficient to obtain this result.obtain this result.

The majority of observers from Asia are University The majority of observers from Asia are University students to which I have come through my students to which I have come through my colleague Alfonso Vargas.colleague Alfonso Vargas.

Enrique Bonsón provided me about 100 observers Enrique Bonsón provided me about 100 observers from his Erasmus students.from his Erasmus students.Yolanda Pelayo did the same with the Latin Yolanda Pelayo did the same with the Latin American students of the UNIA.American students of the UNIA.

Juan Márquez spread the link of the questionnaire Juan Márquez spread the link of the questionnaire among the 300 attendees to the Congress of Rural among the 300 attendees to the Congress of Rural Development.Development.

Sigrid announced it in Galicia, Bruno Gomes did Sigrid announced it in Galicia, Bruno Gomes did the same in Brazil, Farah Mechbal, Hafsa, Naoko... the same in Brazil, Farah Mechbal, Hafsa, Naoko...

The social climate of the world The social climate of the world January 2014January 2014

A few months ago, when everyone was wishing a merry Christmas and a happy New Year to each other, and hoping that the new one would be much better than the other one, which was about to finish (even its number was ugly by the way), I found two articles with the same content, the first one in English and the other one in Spanish. Both of them claimed, no doubt, that the year 2013 had been the best year of human history.

Javier Peláez, editor in Yahoo’s Science Section, starts recognizing the reader’s perplexity and asking us to withdraw for a moment, get back some steps mentally to be able to contemplate the main view and, as it is said, look at the whole chart... indicators that really matter, the global data of the most important aspects of the life of a human being. And he threshes data and quotations from different organizations, such as WHO or United Nations, in order to sing the goodness of the year 2013, sin duda el mejor año de la Historia de la Humanidad

Zack Beuchamp, editor and publisher of Think Progress Ideas, titled his article 5 Reasons Why 2013 Was The Best Year In Human History and sets out his reasons in the following order: 1. fewer people die young, and more people live longer. 2. Fewer people suffer from extreme poverty, and the world feels happy. 3. Wars are becoming less frequent and deadly. 4. Homicide rates and other violent crimes are in a free fall. 5. There is less racism, sexism and other kinds of discrimination in the world.

Facing this "macro" approach about social reality in the Facing this "macro" approach about social reality in the world, which offers such promising data, how is the social world, which offers such promising data, how is the social climate that is perceived in the "micro“ scope, the one around climate that is perceived in the "micro“ scope, the one around us?. Ssocial climate refers to the prevailent collective feelings us?. Ssocial climate refers to the prevailent collective feelings generated by the social interaction of the members of a group generated by the social interaction of the members of a group in a given space or context. The climate is socially in a given space or context. The climate is socially constructed, so we say that it is perceived constructed, so we say that it is perceived like like existing, existing, regardless of the personal feelings of the individual. The regardless of the personal feelings of the individual. The social climate reflects what individuals think that most people social climate reflects what individuals think that most people feel in that situation.feel in that situation.

MethodologyMethodologyObservation instrumentObservation instrument

So as to measure the social climate I have used this scale of reference1, which has been widely proven in different countries and circumstances and applied already in Huelva last year.

1 “Clima emocional: su concepto y medición mediante una investigación transcultural”. Páez, Ruiz, Gailly, Kornblit, Wiesenfeld & Vidal, Revista de Psicología Social, 12 (1997).

Panel of observersPanel of observers

It is not a statistically representative sample of the world's population. Should this be case, there would be an excess of countries, because their low demographic relevance and otherwise, there would be a lack of answers from others with greater population. I have raised a "panel of observers", which do not represent anyone, they transmit their observations. There are observers from a number of countries, as you can see in the following list, although the African continent has been little observed.

I take advantaje of a very practical utility of Google (Drive), which allows me to reach a lot of people very quickly and receive their answers anonymously.

I have sent the questionnaire in Spanish, Portuguese, English and French.

I added a final open question asking people to name five world leaders and freely expose in a free way their reflections on the situation in the world, in general, and from their countries in greater detail. Therefore it is intended to provide a qualitative dimension which allow us to explain in greater depth the obtained data.

Germany

Argentina

Australia

Austria

Belgium

Bolivia

Bosnia and

Herzegobina

Brazil

Bulgaria

Canada

Chile

China

Colombia

South Korea

Costa Rica

Croatia

Cuba

Denmark

Ecuador

USA

El Salvador

United Arab

Emirates

Scotland

Slovakia

Slovenia

Spain

France

Guatemala

Haiti

Holland

Honduras

Hong Kong

Hungary

India

Indonesia

Ireland

Faroe Islands

Israel

Italy

Japan

Jordan

Latvia

Lithuania

Macau

Malaysia

Morocco

Mexico

Namibia

Nicaragua

Norway

Panama

Paraguay

Peru

Poland

Portugal

Puerto Rico

UnitedKingdom

Rep. Czech

Romania

Russia

Sweden

Switzerland

Taiwan

Thailand

Turkey

Ukraine

Uruguay

Venezuela

Zimbabwe

The economic situation is very goodThe economic situation is very good

The enviroment or social climate of your country is very goodThe enviroment or social climate of your country is very good

The enviroment or social climate is of hope, hopefulThe enviroment or social climate is of hope, hopeful

The enviroment or social climate is of solidarity, mutual aidThe enviroment or social climate is of solidarity, mutual aid

The enviroment or social climate is of confidence in institutionsThe enviroment or social climate is of confidence in institutions

The enviroment or social climate is of fear, anxietyThe enviroment or social climate is of fear, anxiety

The enviroment or social climate is of anger, hostility, aggressivenessThe enviroment or social climate is of anger, hostility, aggressiveness

The enviroment or social climate is of sadness, passivityThe enviroment or social climate is of sadness, passivity

The enviroment or social climate is of joy, confidence, happynessThe enviroment or social climate is of joy, confidence, happyness

The enviroment or social climate is of willingness to talkThe enviroment or social climate is of willingness to talk

CHARACTERISTICS OF OBSERVERSCHARACTERISTICS OF OBSERVERSLess than 30 years

40,5 %

From 30 to 50 years

40,7 %

From 51 to 65 years

15 %

More than 65 years 3,8 %

Unemployed 7,5 %

Retired 4,1 %

Not active: housewife, students... 25 %

Full-time working full or part-time, self-employed... 64,4%

It is, therefore, of a collective with an abundance of young (40.5), and mature (40.7).

Most (64.4) has a work activity.

Women outnumber men in almost 20.

Observers by RegionObservers by Region

North America

Latin America

Africa Europe MiddleEast

Asia Oceania

1515

266266

315315188188

7777

22

1010

N: 873N: 873

The social climate in the worldThe social climate in the worldRegion Economy

very wellaffective climate

Solidarity Confidence in Institutions

Hope, hopeful

Joy, happy Willingness to talk

Anger, aggression

Fear, anxiety

sadness passivity

Positive Negative CLIMATE

North America 2’62’6 33 2’92’9 2’72’7 3’33’3 2’72’7 3’43’4 2’62’6 2’92’9 2’42’4 33 2’62’6 0’40’4

Latin America 2’52’5 2’82’8 2’82’8 22 2’82’8 2’62’6 2’92’9 3’13’1 3’13’1 2’82’8 2’62’6 33 - 0’3- 0’3

Africa 2’22’2 33 3’13’1 2’42’4 3’23’2 2’92’9 2’92’9 2’82’8 2’22’2 2’82’8 2’92’9 2’62’6 0’30’3

Europe 22 2’52’5 3’13’1 2’12’1 2’62’6 2’22’2 2’92’9 2’92’9 3’13’1 3’23’2 2’62’6 3’13’1 - 0’5- 0’5

Middle East 3’13’1 3’13’1 3’53’5 2’72’7 3’23’2 3’23’2 3’73’7 2’62’6 2’52’5 2’12’1 3’23’2 2’42’4 0’80’8

Asia 3’23’2 2’82’8 2’92’9 3’13’1 33 33 3’13’1 2’92’9 2’92’9 2’82’8 33 2’82’8 0’20’2

Oceania 3’53’5 3’53’5 33 3’53’5 55 55 55 11 11 11 44 11 33

TOTAL WORLD 2’82’8 2’92’9 2’982’98 2’62’6 2’962’96 2’842’84 3’113’11 2’862’86 2’842’84 2’72’7 2’932’93 2’82’8 0’130’13

The social climate in the world is very weak (0'130'13), barely exceeds one-tenth the barrier of the negative sign. Social observers, as a whole, except the two Australians, have concentrated the values of the social climate from their respective regions between 0'50'5 below zero in Europe and 0'80'8 above zero in the Middle East, with a variation, therefore, of only 1'3 degrees*. Fear/anxietyFear/anxiety, anger/aggressionanger/aggression and sadness/passivitysadness/passivity characterize their more negative aspects. On the contrary, the willingness to talkwillingness to talk, solidaritysolidarity and hopehope are its best qualities. Non-activeNon-active observers (students, housewives, etc.), the youngest (less than 30 years old), and those who are over 65 yearsover 65 years old show positive values. The remaining sectors have a negative perception about social climate, above all the unemployedunemployed.

* The maximum value can reach up to 4 and the minimum - 4, since if all positive values added 5, all the negatives could not be less than 1 and vice versa.

Most of the observers who have rated in a determined way the economical situation they have done it in the same way with the different aspects of social climate; for this reason we can notice in this chart a remarkable correlation between both variables, which I have highlighted with the redred and blueblue circles, Nevertheless, the economy is not the only determinant of climate, as this 40% of observers shows, enclosed in the green green circle, who rated the economy as bad or very bad and give the highest punctuation to the social climate of their respective countries.

TablesTables of averages of each indicator by of averages of each indicator by countriescountries

Europe Europe

Latin America Latin America

North AmericaNorth America

Asia Asia

Meddles EastMeddles East

Africa Africa

Oceania Oceania

Positive social climate (sobre 0)

Negative social climate (menos de 0 hasta -1)

Most negative social climate (a partir de -1) Without data

the economic situation is very goodthe economic situation is very good

no agreement 1 2 3 4 5 agree

Although it is not only the economical situation the only determinant of social climate, it is undoubtedly influencing, seeing that the regions with a good social climate are the ones that also show a bigger agreement with the proposed sentence.

Using academic qualification terms, the World, in its whole, with an average of 2.82.8 of the scale, we can say that it “passes” its Economic subject. The American continent has barely passed. Middle East and Asia have more easily passed. Australia reaches a reamarkable qualification, whereas Africa and Europe have failed.

The economical supremacy that USA had is moving to a background due to new East Powers, such as Australia, Japan, China, Indonesia, or from its own continent, such as Canada, Brazil and Mexico. It is possible that we are arriving at the point, which Attali called nearly two decades ago “ a multipolar World”.So, according to social observers’ perception, the recent economic crisis is “multipolar” too, with foci in almost all the regions.

“The economic situation is bleak with little hope because of a poor economy, limited employment prospects and the threat of privatization.”

A Canadian between 30 and 50 years old observes the economy getting worse, the lack of work and the threat of privatization in his country, as we can also see in those countries which more suffer the crisis:

“Sobre el clima social actual nunca había percibido tanto pesimismo como consecuencia de la crisis”

“Una vez más el mundo se ve sumido en una crisis causada por los excesos del capitalismo. Crisis de la que salimos (como siempre) con una mayor desigualdad social y económica que aquella con la que entramos”

At first glance you can see numerous countries achieving a positive social climate score, highlighting among them Australia, Faroe Islands, Norway, Japan, Turkey and Canada, with values exceeding 2 positive points. The rest of the positive climate is mainly concentrated in Eastern countries and in Central and NorthernEurope.

Agains these countries, Venzuela, Honduras, Bosnia, Chile, Portugal, Spain, Slovenia, Italy and Hungary show the worst ratings and they are mainly located in the South of Europe, although the two most negative countries are both from Latin America.

Among both groups of countries we can find other ones, some of which are only a few hundredths to get a positive climate. It is striking to find among them United States, United Kingdom, France, Russia and Brazil, which, as we will see, name world leaders.

Positive social climate (sobre 0)

Negative social climate (menos de 0 hasta -1)

Europe Europe

High economy

Media

Low

Very low

No observers

4’5 4

3’4

33

3

11’36

1’391

12’17

2’52’58

2’62’5

2’5

2

2

Rusia 2’5

Europe is the continent with the worst social climate, in spite of the fact that there are more countries with positive than negative climate.Responsible for this situation is, undoubtedly, the strong negative weight of southern countries, where there is a coincidence of a low economical position in contrast with those from the northern countries. But the main reason is that in their climate there is the biggest distrust to the institutionsdistrust to the institutions, headed by Ukraine, Spain, Slovakia, Bosnia, France, …A Spaniard explains this distrust by corruption: “Situation of my country: Complet lack of confidence in politicians and politics and in the institutions. Corruption among the politicians: we feel they are playing with us (mainly the two big parties) in order to get access to the public money. They have no interest in the common well of the people,they are just moved by their own benefit. I think this is a common idea today between the citizens in this country.”A Portuguese basically centres his distrust to the European Union: “Na Uniao Europeia existe igualmente uma indefiniçao estrategica e uma ausencia da proridade pela solidariedade inter estadual, com a afirmaçao das economias fortes sobre as mais fracas quando os objectivos deveriam orientar-se para os principios fundadores da UNIÃO da solidariedade e da subsidariedade”.

A Frenchman divides resposabilities between his country and Europe: “En France un parti socialiste qui faire une politique de droite, une Europe qui n'est devenu qu'un système de pompe à fric pour banquiers et politiciens...”A young Bosnian attaches the low economical situation to the bad management of politicians: “Divided country, bas economic situation, bad leaders who do not do anythng for peoples good.”

An Italian shows her pessimism due to the situation in her country and the leading class: “La situazione è molto triste e non c'è speranza di miglioramento. Il mio paese, l'Italia, dovrebbe cambiare tutta la sua classe politica e manager, a tutti”.

But there is another Europe, with a positive social climate, a more sanitized economy and with more trust in their institutions and politicians. A young Polish deplores that, “due to many reosons Polish leaders do not play a role of paramount importance in the world”, and despite the fact that unemployment is very high among young people, “I can express my joy, the the last financial crisis did not hit Poland so much”. “The Polish economic growth slowed down, but was "at plus”.A Spaniard who lives in Sweden reveals that the crisis has arrived there rebounded, because ”las ventas en Europa son difíciles”. But ”allí no se ha dejado especular tanto ni robar tanto a los bancos y se ha controlado más los tipos de interés y el precio de la vivienda”

The economical indicators, as well as the social ones lead to the existence of a dual Europe, the Northern one, headed by Germany, and the Southern one. We have not discovered anything that is already known, but the social differentiation between the prosperous north and centre of Europe and the Southern and Western countries of the continent dramatically increase, as it is recognised by the European Commission: http://actualidad.rt.com/economia/view/83355-aunmenta-brecha-rico-norte-pobre-sur-europa

Latin AmericaLatin America- ,67- ,67

- 1,06- 1,06

- 3,88- 3,88

- 1,58- 1,58

- ,06- ,06

- 1- 1

- ,12- ,12

- ,25- ,25

1,361,36

1,071,07

,54,54

,66,66

,11,11,5,5

- 1,83- 1,83

Latin America is the other region that shows a negative social climate, with a punctuation of - 0.33- 0.33, two tenths better than Europe, although the economical situation is not excessively bad. Here we found the country with the

worst social climate of the world: VenezuelaVenezuela, with a very weak and mismanaged economy, as well as several social issues, which lead to the biggest climate of fearfear, aggressivenessaggressiveness and sadnesssadness, not just of the continent,

but of the world; on the basis of this we find an enormous distrust in the institutionsdistrust in the institutions, due to corruption and other government mismanagement..

. Two quotations, “softly” expressed, in comparison with others with more crudity, whose observers ask not to render,

show the Venezuelan reality: Venezuela concibió el petróleo como lo que facilitaría una modernización inclusiva sin costos costos. Esto sería la vía mágica a la felicidad. Por una serie de factores que no puedo explicar aquí, falló. En

términos económicos, tenemos una economía ineficaz e ineficiente con fuerte presencia estatal” .

And another one, from the politics: “La situación de Venezuela es insostenible; jamás había visto tanta corrupción ineficacia, burguesa de Estado, Control absoluto del Estado, e ineptitud. Carecemos de valores. Los que pensamos y nos formamos pensando en el bien común no tenemos lugar en esta sociedad de oportunistas, clientelar y rodeada de mediocridad”.

Venezuela is followed by Honduras, Chile, El Salvador, Bolivia and Argentina, with negative climate below -1-1. In ArgentinaArgentina”se vive una situación de descontento social general por cuestiones de violencia callejera, que se traduce en el sentimiento de inseguridad continuo y obliga a estar a la defensiva todo el tiempo; corrupción y por lo tanto gran desconfianza en las instituciones y líderes políticos, inflación: existe una gran brecha entre el salario y los precios de la canasta básica”. One of the observers defines the country graphically as ”un país rico con mentes pobres y escasas”. It shows special emphasis in the ”alto descrédito del equipo ministerial y caída en picado de la imagen de la presidenta”. From El SalvadorEl Salvador we see that ”la situación de inseguridad y delincuencia en la región centroamericana es muy difícil, tenemos miedo y ansiedad pues no hay confianza en las instancias que supuestamente deberían de proteger a la población”. We find a similar climate in GuatemalaGuatemala:

Nube de palabras con la aplicación on line Tagxedo

“El grado de violencia e inseguridad en mi país, es tan grande, que los guatemaltecos vivimos con temor que en cualquier momento suceda algo malo. No se puede hablar con tranquilidad de ciertos temas como el narcotráfico debido que hasta altos funcionarios están metidos en ello" .

Division of opinion among the BoliviansBolivians; a pro-government discourse, based in the macro and micro economical stability, before which”la oposición está pobre de programa, propuestas y liderazgo por lo tanto creo que tenemos Evo para unos años más” ; another one concerned for ”quienes no están vinculados políticamente” que no ”pueden ni criticar porque serian señalados como del partido de la oposición, o que existe injerencia política”.

Méjico Méjico also shows a bad social climate in consequence of drug dealing in the northern regions of the country: ”La situación de México ante la violencia provocada por el crimen organizado es preocupante y no parece tener fin, dado el involucramiento de las autoridades. Lo anterior provoca inestabilidad social y económica”.

ColombiaColombia is perceived in a dual way, differentiating the rural and urban background. ”Gracias a Dios los que vivimos en la zona urbana tenemos más garantías que los que están en las zonas rurales porque allí tienen problemas de guerrilla y de seguridad. Se tiene la esperanza que algún día esta situación se acabe”.

- ,67- ,67

- 1,06- 1,06

- 3,88- 3,88

- 1,58- 1,58

- ,06- ,06

- 1- 1

- ,12- ,12

- ,25- ,25

1,361,36

1,071,07

,54,54

,66,66

,11,11,5,5

- 1,83- 1,83

Nube de palabras con la aplicación on line Tagxedo

Brazil Brazil does not reach the positive climate only for six hundredths, but actually it is an emerging power, both economically and socially. Thus, the observers show a climate of hope and trust, despite the impression given by the media. Three opinions prove it:”Diferente do que muitos pensam o Brasil é um país de potencial tanto econômico como social. Mas, o que eu acho que está faltando há muito tempo para que o Brasil "dê certo" é seriedade e compromisso não só dos políticos, mas também de todo o povo brasileiro, que não tem consciência política. Se as verbas milionárias que são desviadas todos os dias fossem investidas na educação e na saúde, que são áreas precárias, o Brasil com certeza seria um país melhor. O problema é que muito se fala mas pouco se faz”“No Brasil a situação economica e social é de esperança. Houve grandes melhorias nos dois sentidos. Porém ainda falta muito. A midia tem uma força muito grande. Denunciaram-se grande roubos e falcatruas politicas. Há uma grande expectativa sobre como vai se desenvolver a politica neste ano de eleições”“Quem conhece de perto a situação do interior de nosso país, sabe que o que a mídia mostra não demonstra a realidade”

Latin American countries which contain observers with a clearly positive climate are CubaCuba, EcuadorEcuador, UruguayUruguay, PerúPerú, NicaraguaNicaragua and Costa RicaCosta Rica.

The observers from CubaCuba, in spite of the fact that they do not rate very good the economical situation, they rate with higher value the affective climate, solidarity and hope, as well as the lowest rating of fear and aggressiveness. The only achieved quotation precisely focuses in the search of future for the whole region:“Se trazan estrategias de desarrollo con la participación popular que se sintetizan en un conjunto de lineamientos económicos. Se busca la definitiva integración de los pueblos latinoamericanos y del caribe con pasos firmes”

The economical situation in EcuadorEcuador is one of the main advantages for its social climate to be the second best one in Latin America. So you can see in the following text, highlighting its ability to assume the emigrants’ return:”La economía en el país Ecuador es estable y buena, en algunos lugares de Europa su economía se encuentra en crisis y ha obligado a muchos retornar a sus países de origen”. Another observer also admits opinion discrepancies:”Seguramente en Ecuador esta respuesta se dividirá entre los partidarios del actual gobierno y los no partidarios. Los no partidarios (dueños además de la mayoría de medios de comunicación) se quejarán principalmente del miedo y de la poca libertad de expresión. Por mi parte, agradecida (no seguidora fanática) del actual gobierno, agradezco los grandes pasos que está dando este país en temas de infraestructura, educación, rentas; no todo es perfecto, pero en siete años el país ha cambiado para bien, luego de los nefastos gobiernos que hemos tenido”

UruguayUruguay has a higher economy, after their observers, and a recognised leader in the whole region. This is the country where there is more trust in institutions, in spite of the following comment:Uruguay se encuentra en una buena coyuntura económica regional, sin embargo se percibe desazón por la gestión gubernamental, de la que se tenían mayores expectativas”.

PerúPerú also has a good economical position, as a base of their social climate: they are importing qualified human resources from the whole region and from Spain: “En mi país vivimos bien, la economía nos es favorable, pero vivimos con el principio de desconfianza, a la defensiva, nadie se preocupa por los demás porque solo piensa en sus problemas”

Finally, NicaraguaNicaragua has got a positive social climate despite the fact of having a low economy and little confidence in institutions.”El clima social en Nicaragua es de inconformidad por el estado autoritario que ha impuesto el presidente actual, teniendo un completo control sobre los poderes del estado y el pueblo en general se siente con las manos atadas”

Asia and OceaniaAsia and Oceania

Nube de palabras con la aplicación on line Tagxedo

33

,1,1

,47,47

- 1- 1

- ,66- ,66

1,161,16

1,721,72- 2,16- 2,16

,22,22

- ,5- ,5

AsiaAsia, in its whole, shows the weakest positive social climate, 0.20.2, despite being the second region with the best economical situation, after Oceania. The observers from Indonesia, Taiwan, Malaysia, Japan, Macao and China saw it in a positive way, whereas those from Hong Kong, South Korea, Thailand and India did it negatively. As far as economy is concerned, these countries show the same position.

The IndonesiamIndonesiam observer focuses social climate in the good development of human relations, which does not tally with the leaders’ behaviour:”People to people connection is good but leader example need improvement” .

JapanJapan could overcome its social climate basically its relationship with China and South Korea got better, and if the problems caused by the accident in the nuclear power station in Fukushima went on solving:”Separating to rich people and poor people, Lack of peaceful dialogue with china and korea, Shirking of Power of Japanese Companies, Continuing to solve the Fukushima nuclear power problems are current issues of Japan”

Macao Macao has the best economical level of the continent, attributed by its observers to the development caused by the erection of the casino. But this has contrary effects on the culture and the economy as well. An observer is concerned about the problem caused by the strong inflow of foreign exchange without any correspondence to export (so-called "Dutch disease"):”As a resident of Macau, I witness how casino development has brought prosperity to this city, but at the time, I worry that the city is affected with the Dutch disease already” . Another one claims his desire that the economy from Macao do not depend on gaming industry.”Hope the economic situation of Macau does not solely depend on the gaming industry”. Other ones focus their comments on the problem about environment disrepair caused by traffic congestion:”The environment is not very bad, but the air pollution of my country is a serious problem based on the situation of traffic jam in Macau”.

The ChineseChinese also claim about the environmental problem, but accompanied by concerns about inequality and opportunity to denounce them:”China's economy is so good, environment and social culture are not good actually. It makes our country cannot implement sustainable development, so environment and social culture need to be develop and protect better. Also, peace of mind to speak is very important to our country to have real progress in order to let more and more people have good life”

”The problem of " rich people are too rich, and poor people are too poor" is quite serious. I hope Government can help those poor people to be better”

”We should unite together and build up a peaceful and confident society instead of the sad one.The government must take education,farewell,bonus and enployment into consideration”

1,81,8

OceaníaOceanía is the continent with the best social climate, as it gets a positive climate of 33. Both Australian observers rated with the highest score hopehope, la happinesshappiness and willingness to talkwillingness to talk, as well as they completely minimised the negative aspects referred to sadnesssadness, fearfear and aggressivenessaggressiveness. This is the region with the best economical situation.

North AmericaNorth America

1,721,72

- 0,03- 0,03

- 0,03- 0,03

Rated with 0.40.4 degrees, North America is the third region with the best positive social climate, and the fourth one in relation with its economical situation, with a significant difference between Canada and United States.

CanadáCanadá (with 1.721.72) shares with Taiwan the fourth position about a good social climate. Among its strengths, its general affective climate highlights. The observers also agree with the quality of its economical situation, although one of them finds it sombre and with little future expectation: ”The economic situation is bleak with little hope because of a poor economy, limited employment prospects and the threat of privatization”.

Anyway this is one of the countries with fewer negative climate rates in the world, and it let us balance the low rating of USA.

Actually, - 0.03- 0.03 in USAUSA are scarcely beyond the line, but place it, along with Brazil and the UK, in that first negative step, although the three leaders have recognized, of which one would expect a good social climate of their respective countries. Although an observer expressly added that“los que deciden sobre el mundo de forma global no son líderes ejecutivos como presidentes o primeros ministros; éstos y sus partidos

están en manos de grandes empresas multinacionales o compañías bancarias o entes como el FMI”.

Another observer marks that “dentro de un país la situación económica y social puede variar entre los diferentes estados”, obviously referring to different situations you can find in USA, with a surface nearly as big as Europe and the same number of countries. Thus, after another observer, “en USA los indicadores económicos macros parecen buenos, pero existe desconfianza a nivel de economías regionales, y las fuentes de empleo no aparecen, aunque existe esperanza”. Thus, as we have seen in all the countries that are affected by the crisis,“the rich get richer, the poor get poorer, and the middle class pays for everything”, another observer says..

A Spaniard, resident in USA, also agrees about the fact that economical inequality is increasing, in spite of the fact that we are getting out from a rough economical depression and unemployment decreases:“My new country is recovering from a great recesion, unemployement is decreasing, health care is improving, the economic inequality is growing” . And he continues to contrast the situation in his country with the important both economical and social problems:“My country of origin, Spain is in a tragic situation, the economy is a disaster, unemployment is tremendous, specially for young population, corruption is rampant and social achievements are being lost, religious believes are being used to legislate, the country is loosing researchers and brilliant minds daily”

Africa and Middles EastAfrica and Middles East2,12,1

11

0,750,750,50,5

With an average rating of 0.8 0.8, the four observed countries show positive information, Turkey highlights with 2.12.1, followed by Arab Emirates with 11, Israel with 0.750.75 and finally Jordan with 0.50.5. This is the second region with the best social climate and the third one as far as economical situation is concerned. So is perceived by a Spanish observer, resident in Arab Emirates, who says that“En Dubai se vive muy bien, sin las preocupaciones de Europa, la gente está contenta y sin ganas de regresar a sus países”Israeli observers have a high self-esteem: “we have good country we feel hapyines and hpe . We all the people tak caer of each other. Israel is a free democrat country and I am happy to live here”. “Most of the Israelis thinks that we, as a country, are doing the best we can in a very tough neighborhood and in dramatic times”, referring to Palestinians.

Others are more explicit in these terms:“We need urgently peace with the Arabs. The world must take care of the less fortunate countries and their habitants”. Or this other consideration:“The world could be much better without the Islamic Radicalsist”

But we also found references to the inner situation in the country, rating it as“drastic social deterioration in a short time. government policy clearly aimed to increase social gaps between classes. extreme concentration of capital by the very few”

In another background we see “a general degradation in morals and a growing problame of "social autisme" and personal communication” as well as“the "i "i deserve all"deserve all" culture is prevalant among the young genaration is fueled by bad parenting”

Africa has been barely observed; we only have information from three countries: Morocco, Namibia and Zimbabwe, all of them with a positive climate, with little intensity though, as it can be observed in the map.

Actually they are not the most representative countries from the African continent, due to their historical relation with Europe, above Morocco and Namibia.

The hopehope is the main positive aspect in the African climate, followed very

“The country has lost touch with the value of the USD$ and hence is becoming over priced. The people are hopeful, and we know the true value of our country, but it seems that the real wealth is being hoarded by the greed of people in power.”

0,250,25

0,50,5

0,50,5

closed by solidaritysolidarity, whereas confidence in the institutionsconfidence in the institutions is the worst rating.

None of the ten observers has coincided with any leader, even in the same countries; most of the names are related to local leaders, except a reference to Obama and another one to Merkel, making a disperse list of names.

There were not many meditations about the world situation or about their own countries. Only the observer from Zimbabwe has shown his point of view about local economy, politicians’ behaviour and the population’s climate of hope.

FIVE WORLD LEADERSFIVE WORLD LEADERS

Netanyahu 18 14 13 Yair Lapid 8 Lieberman 6

Xi Jimping 15 13 Chui Sai 9 Li Kequiang 6 Cameron 6

Asia Asia

EuropeEurope

Latin Latin AmericaAmerica

57 52 Dilma Rousseff 29 José Mújica 26 25

Middle Middle EastEast

10 5 3 3 Cameron 3

North North AmericaAmerica

203 145 79 57 54203 145 79 57 54

Obama Merkel Francisco Putin HollandeObama Merkel Francisco Putin Hollande

109 102 47 34 24

Obama’s Leadership all over the world is clearly shown, above all in Occident, although many observers lament that he has not covered the expectative that they had of the first black American president, having expected a replica of Martin Luther King.

Angela Merkel is the second leader in Occident, the third one in Middle East and the fifth one in Latin America. The Asians substitute her by David Cameron. She also receives some critics from the observers for her “strength with the weak”.

The Pope Francis gets closer to Obama’s leadership in Latin America, maybe due to his peasantry, but we find him too among the five first leaders in Europe and North America, and he is the only one who only receives praises from the observers.

Putin and Hollande, with scarcely difference between both of them, have the observers’ endorsement to complete the frame of the world leadership.

Latin American observers have introduced in the World leadership the President from Brazil and the President from Uruguay.

People from Middle East, especially Israelis, highlight the local leadership with the Prime Minister from Israel, a journalist and The Minister of Foreign Affaires.The Asians also named local leaders.

The Africans, as we have seen before, had extremely dispersed without repeating any name.