RECYCLING OF WASTEWATER

IN URBAN SECTOR AS

DEMAND MANAGEMENT

TOOL Dr. U. D. Kulkarni

Chairman Indian Water Works Association Aurangabad Centre

Earlier worked as Associate Professor in Civil Engineering

SGGS Institute of Engineering and Technology Nanded

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UDK Nanded 1

Water Issues in Urban areas

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Water scarcity

Water conflict

Long distance transport-National Water Policy

ULB unable to provide water

Population density – high rise buildings

Stress on infrastructure

Sustainability

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Technology- affordable, flexible, people centric,

behaviour aspects

Resources - enough

Economics- willingness to pay on continuous basis

Dynamic situation- changing scenario

Water governance- UNESCO publication

Water

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Demand management

Demand side management

Variable pricing

Why reuse, recycling in urban sector?

WATER BALANCE PER DAY BASIS DURING NON-MONSOON SEASON

Total water requirement = 704

Treated sewage available for recycling = 242 [Treated sewage from STP of building 3 & ( building 4 (wing A,B, C, D, E,F & G)].

After recycling treated sewage for gardening (61) and flushing (117) [Treated sewage would be used for flushing requirement for building 3 & ( building 4 (wing A,B, C, D, E,F & G)]

Hence Net water requirement = 526 Source: From M.C.G.M and Tanker water of potable quality

Reduction in Net water Demand = 25 %

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All quantities are in KLD

Building 1,2,3 (A & B)

Gardening

= 61

Sewage: 287

Domestic

= 221 Flushing

= 110

61

Swimming pool =

4

From Tanker water of

potable quality= 4 From M.C.G.M

= 166

Sewage: 218

Treatment in STP

(** Available for recycling 196)

Domestic

= 166

Flushing

= 85

85

Bldg No 4 (A,B, C, D, E,F & G)

Excess 50 shall be disposed to

municipal sewer line To municipal sewer line

Building 3C

Sewage: 52

Treatment in STP

(** Available for recycling 46)

Domestic

= 25 Flushing

= 32

Excess 14 shall be disposed to

municipal sewer line

32

From M.C.G.M

= 25

From M.C.G.M

= 331

Capacity 240 KL

Techno. Moving Bed Bio-Reactor (MBBR) Technology

Details MBBR is based on the fixed film attached growth biological system. The moving media provided is small circular ring with

Polypropylene (PP) media will be provided in the tank for bacterial slime growth on its surface.

Primary treatment:

Bar Screen

Oil & Grease Trap

Raw Collection tank

Raw Sewage Transfer

pumps

Secondary treatment:

MBBR Bioreactor

Secondary Clarifier/Settling

Sludge Dewatering System-

(Filter press)

Tertiary treatment:

Filter feed tank

Pressure Sand Filter

Activated Carbon

Filter

UV system

Outlet

Characteristic pH : 6.5 to 7.5, Total Suspended Solids : <10 mg/lit., Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) :

<30,mg/lit. Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) : <10 mg/lit., Oil & Grease : <5 mg/lit.

TECHNICAL DETAILS OF STP

BAR

SCREEN

OIL &

GREASE

TRAP

RAW

COLLECTION

TANK

AERATION

TANK

(MBBR)

SECONDAR

Y

CLARIFIER

/SETTLING

FILTER

FEED TANK

PSF ACF UV SYSTEM

TREATED

WATER

TANK

RAW WASTEWATER

TRANSFER PUMP

SLUDGE RECYCLE

PUMP

FILTER

PRESS EXCESS SLUDGE

FLUSHING &

GARDENING

FILTER

FEED

PUMP 9-8-2016 UDK Nanded

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WATER BALANCE PER DAY BASIS DURING MONSOON SEASON

Total water requirement = 643

Treated sewage available for recycling = 242 [Treated sewage from STP of building 3 & ( building 4 (wing A,B, C, D, E,F & G)].

After recycling treated sewage for flushing (117)

[Treated sewage would be used for flushing requirement

From RWH = 33 Hence Net water requirement = 493 Source: From M.C.G.M and Tanker water of potable quality

Reduction in Net water Demand = 23 %

Ref.:

Criteria For Occupancy Load : National Building Code (NBC) -2005 – Part 4, Page 27, Occupant Load

Criteria For Water Requirement : National Building Code (NBC) -2005 – Part 9, Page 19, Water Requirement

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All quantities are in KLD

Building 1,2,3 (A & B)

Sewage: 287

Domestic

= 221 Flushing

= 110

Sewage

Swimming pool =

4

From M.C.G.M.: 133

RWH: 33

Sewage: 218

Treatment in STP

(** Available for recycling 196)

Domestic

= 166

Flushing

= 85

85

Bldg No 4 (A,B, C, D, E,F &G)

Excess 111 shall be disposed to

municipal sewer line To municipal sewer line

Building 3C

Sewage: 52

Treatment in STP

(** Available for recycling 46)

Domestic

= 25 Flushing

= 32

Sewage

Excess 14 shall be disposed to

municipal sewer line

32

From M.C.G.M

= 25 From M.C.G.M = 331

From Tanker water of

potable quality= 4

Cases from Thane, Palghar, Vasai

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Project proponent has to ensure source of water

Drainage arrangement

Vasai-Virar population 11 lac

New project population 0.9 lac

Rs 70 million STP- Recycling is to the tune of 35%

Impact on water source and sewer line?

ULB is not ready to accept their wastewater in the

drain, sewer line is not ready

Cases from Thane, Palghar, Vasai

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Temghar (Bhivandi)

500 KLD STP, Rs 12.5 million cost, Phytorid

technology+ MBBR Rs 8 million

Rs 30 lac O&M annual

Nalla nearby BOD 250 ppm

Treated sewage BOD 10 ppm

Dilution

Recycling is to the tune of 35%

Cases from Thane, Palghar, Vasai

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Nilemore- Magnum home project in Vasai Virar MC

Nearby nalla 90 ppm BOD

No sewer line

BOD of treated sewage 10ppm

After recycling excess discharged in nalla

Recycling is to the tune of 35%

Cases from Thane, Palghar, Vasai

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Ultratech project 605 KLD, population 8337

Palghar Municipal council

Small ULB can not sustain such project

Conditional permission

Recycling to the tune of 30-35%

Cases from Thane- Shahapur

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Village Malegaon can not sustain big projects

Deepjyoti real estate

Conditional permission –water infrastructure to be

developed/strengthened by PP

345 row houses, 220 KLD supply, 230 KLD STP

Recycling 50%

Excess sewage where to discharge?

IT park in Airoli

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Reliable Tech Park

237629 sq m. Water requirement 1105 KLD

Recycling 610 KLD, Net reqirement 495 KLD

Demand reduction 55%

It is in MIDC

Treated sewage BOD less than 10 ppm

It can be used in MIDC industrial use, cooling

requirement

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Newa Bhakti Knowledge City

MIDC, Airoli, District-Navi Mumbai.

The total water requirement of

the project will be 510 m3/day.

The water supply will be received

from MIDC.

The fresh water requirement will

be reduced by the recycling of

450 m3/day.

Individual water meters for shops, offices and flats

in each Financial, IT & residential buildings.

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UDK Nanded

Water balance diagram Newa Bhakti Knowledge City

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Water balance

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Dry Season Wet Season

Total water budget 510 510

Fresh water requirement 342 342

Human contact 342 342

Non-human contact 168 168

Gardening 28 14

Vehicle washing 6 6

HVAC make up 247 247

Losses (total) & sludge 65 65

Sewage generation 459 459

Treated water 450 450

Water recycled 450 435

Excess to drain 0 15

% recycled 88 85

Treated wastewater reuse

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Treated water reuse

Sr. Treated water reuse Dry season

Quantity (m3/day) Wet season

Quantity (m3/day)

1. Flushing 168 168

2. Gardening 28 14

3. Vehicle washing 6 6

4. HVAC make up 247 247

STP area 460 m2

STP capacity 460 m3/day

Rain Water Harvesting as tool

Project

proponents are

doing RWH to

satisfy the

requirement.

View point

Look at it as

demand

management tool

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Rain water harvesting:

Rainwater harvesting can serve as a solution to the water problem in the

area during water crises by capturing the runoff. Rainwater harvesting helps in utilizing the primary source of water and prevents the runoff from

going into sewer or storm drains, thereby serving a dual purpose: making water available for future use and reducing the load on treatment plants.

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Table 2.12: Size of RWH Tanks

Type of building Size of RWH

Financial 205 m3/day

IT 420 m3/day

Residential 152 m3/day

Total 777 m3/day

New techniques

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Demand Side Management

Water Demand Management

NEWater project in Singapore

Now SCE is partnering with BWSSB for reuse project

SCE contribution 756890 SGD, BWSSB contribution 263346 SGD in Bangalore

Water leakage manual- WHO, IWWA

Learning lesson from leaders

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CH2M Water Industry Award 2015: www.siwi.org

Long story 1965 to 2015

Research for public acceptance

Technology improvement

Stakeholder participation

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PP will maintain for 5 years

Corpus fund for 5 years

There after residents have to take responsibility

Sustainable management of STP for reuse and recycling

Per person O&M annual cost around Rs 1500

Maintenance of STP is the solution- Implementation, Monitoring, Regular Reports, Improving technologies in response to feedback, people centric

Suggestions

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Demand management

Research in wastewater treatment

Wastewater as alternative source of water

Central Govt- schemes integrated proposal for water and wastewater together

Encouragement to PP

Publish case studies to replicate, like Suryapet

Reduce stress on natural resources/environment

Sustainable solution