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GROUP MEMBERS

• Sidra Hussain 2011-PID-02 • Zaheer Ahmed 2011-PID-24• Masood 2011-PID-07

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Table of content Electronic devices Electronic sustainability electronic devices and their toxic components Challenges Electronic waste How to prevent electronic waste Waste prevention at organizational level Waste prevention at governmental level Facts about waste

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Sustainability

the quality of not being harmful to the environment or depleting natural resources, and thereby supporting long term ecological balance:

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Electronic Sustainability

• Recyclable product• Optimizing energy consumption over its entire life cycle • Look after the environment, • The people living and working in it • And how one’s business decisions, products and suppliers affect

those around them.

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ELECTRONIC DEVICES

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COMPONENT CONSTITUENTPrinted circuit boards Lead and cadmiumCathode ray tubes (CRTs) Lead oxide and Cd

Switches & flat screen monitors Mercury

Computer batteries Cadmium

Capacitors and transformers PCB

Printed circuit boards, plasticcasings cable

Brominated flame retardant

Cable insulation/coating PVC

ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND THEIR TOXIC COMPONENTS

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ITEMS AND THEIR TOXIC COMPONENTS

ITEM COMPONENTRefrigerator CFC/HCFC/HFC/HC, Rubber etc.

PC and Laptops CRT, batteries, circuit board, copper, fluorescent lamp

Television Metal, CRT, Plastic, transformer, circuit board, BFR

Washing Machine Rubber, electrical wires, metal and motor etc.

REFRIGERATOR AND AIR-CONDITIONING UNITS • Environmental concerns:  chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) refrigerant.  Hydro chlorofluorocarbon (hcfc) refrigerant. Effects: • Ozone-depleting substances (Ods) • Potent greenhouse gases release contributes

to global climate change. How to recycled :Safely remove these components prior to

shredding and recycling.

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CELL PHONE • The Impacts Are Not Small• generate a negligible quantity of waste per unit.• Millions of phones each year dumped in landfills • Toxic exposures :• Toxic materials contaminate air, soil, and water when the phones

are thrown away as waste.

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CELL PHONE • Environmental and human health• impacts from mining metals, including rare earth metals that

current designs require.• Cause of cancer • The radio frequency energy emitted by mobile phones has been the

reason of Cancer.

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SUSTAINABLE PHONES

• Design more user-friendly phones. • Create safer phones.

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• Rapidly increasing volume of e-waste• Low level of awareness of the hazards of

incorrect disposal• Recyclers recover precious metals and

improperly dispose off the rest• Absence of proper mechanism for

Collection of e-waste material and its Disposal

CHALLENGES

• Inefficient recycling processes result in substantial loss of material value

• Lack of producer responsibility for take back of products, at the end of its useful life.

CHALLENGES

• wastes generated from used electronic devices

• not fit for their original intended use.• E-wastes contain over 1000 different

substances • Heavy metals: mercury, lead, arsenic,

beryllium, brominated flame retardant, Hazardous: combustion– dioxins– toxic gases fro inhalation and deposition

• Health Impacts – cancer, reproductive disorders, endocrine disruption

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ELECTRONIC WASTE

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HOW MUCH E- WASTE WE GENRATE

WASTE IS TRASHED /RECYCLED

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80 to 85% of electronic products were discarded in landfills which can release certain toxics into the air.

20 to 50 million metric tons of e-waste are disposed worldwide every year.

Cell phones and other electronic items contain high amounts of precious metals like gold or silver. Americans dump phones containing over $60 million in gold/silver every year.

Only 12.5% of e-waste is currently recycled.

FACTS ABOUT E-WASTE

FACTS ABOUT E-WASTE

• Estimated 50 million tons of discarded electronics every year and growing.

• 80% of used electronics going to landfills or incinerators

• Limited supply of the natural resources needed tomake new electronic devices.

• Recycling 1 million laptops saves the energy equivalent to the electricity used by 3,657 U.S. homes in a year.

HOW TO PREVENT ELECTRONIC WASTE

• Eco design in electronic devices • Miniaturization• Energy efficiency of products• Recycling• Remanufacturing

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Eco-Design of Products

Eco-design means starting off right: Creating products out of environmentally friendly materials, using efficient designs that require fewer materials, and maximizing reusability and recyclability.Some practices in the consumer electronics can result in lower environmental impact .

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Miniaturization

Benefits :Fewer raw materials to extractEasier portability Smaller floor space in manufacturingOften less energy consuming

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MINIATURIZATION IN PACAKGING

• Materials are further reduced • and shipping and shelf-space optimized even more. All of these steps save • resources (and money) and• result in less carbon emission.

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Energy Efficiency of Products

Benefits :reduces greenhouse gas emissionshazardous waste saves money. run longer before needing recharging or new batteries.reduce power consumption

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ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF PRODUCTS

• Panasonic has reduced the standby power consumption in its plasma televisions by 96% since 2000, contributing to customer energy savings of around 3.6 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity (enough to power more than 300,000 households for a year).

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MATERIAL EFFICENCY

Increasing material efficiency of production processes.

Recycling and reusing Testing products

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RECYCLING

Involve the process of Collection, processing, marketingBenefits :•Saves resources, energy, money•Reduce pollution of extracting resources•Reduce new landfills and incinerators

REMANUFACTURING

There are various levels of remanufacturing ranging from simple •cosmetic improvements• such as replacing decals, scratched or cracked enclosures,• to updating software •to troubleshooting nonworking units and replacing failed components.

COMPUTER LIFE CYLCE PROCESS

WASTE PREVENTION AT GOVERMENTAL LEVEL

• EPEAT (Electronic Product Environmental Assessment Tool) That evaluates products on 51 environmental criteria in eight

categories, including materials use design for end of life and packaging.

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ROLE OF EPEAT-CERTIFIED PRODUCTS

• Reduced the use of materials by 75.5 million metric tons (equivalent to the weight of more than 585 million refrigerators)

• Reduced the use of toxic materials • mercury, by 3,220 metric tons (equivalent

to the weight of 1.6 million bricks). • the electricity savings are 42.2 billion

kilowatt hours enough to power 3.7 million U.S homes for a year.

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RECYCLING PROGRAMS AT ORGANIZATIONAL LEVEL

• Hewlett-Packard400 million pounds of computer hardware• Dell and Sony are also major electronics recyclers.• Crutchfieldreplaced polystyrene peanuts with biodegradable starch pellets • Kodak’s Total cameras recycled are 1.2 billion

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REUSE PROCESS

REUSE PROCESSES AT CONSUMER ELECTRONICS COMPANIES

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