Recovery of Sewage Sludge Incinerator Ash by...
Transcript of Recovery of Sewage Sludge Incinerator Ash by...
Recovery of Sewage Sludge Incinerator Ash by Geopolymerization
B. Yigit, G. Salihoglu*, A. Mardani-Aghabaglou, S. Kilic, N.K. Salihoglu, S. Ozen
Department of Environmental Engineering, Bursa Uludağ University, Bursa, 16059, TURKEY
Department of Civil Engineering, Bursa Uludağ University, Bursa, 16059, TURKEY
7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SUSTAINABLE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT, 28-29 June 2019, Crete Island
0103
0204
Incineration
Sludge Management
in waste management
Geopolymers
Samples & Analyses
Materials & Methods
Leaching & UCSResults
Content
7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SUSTAINABLE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT, 28-29 June 2019, Crete Island
7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SUSTAINABLE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT, 28-29 June 2019, Crete Island
Sludge Generation & Incineration
Volume of the sludge decreases, ashes are generated.
Increasing population & Increasing amount of
sludgeIncineration: gained
attention as a common disposal
method
«Nothing vanishes, everything transforms»
Gas (Emissions)
Liquid (Water vapor)
Solid (ASH)
7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SUSTAINABLE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT, 28-29 June 2019, Crete Island
Incineration Plant & Sludge Ashes
Capacity : 400 tons sludge/day
Fluidized bed incinerator of Bursa
city
15-20 tons fly ash/day
Ash brings a
waste
management
problem.
Ash brings a
waste
management
problem.
Landflling is not
sustainable!Landflling is not
sustainable!
Multi-cyclone dust collector
7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SUSTAINABLE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT, 28-29 June 2019, Crete Island
Objective of the Study
To develop a recovery strategy for the sewage sludge incinerator ashes
by using
GEOPOLYMERIZATION
Geopolymers
01 02 03 04
Cementitiousmaterials that do not require the
presence of cement to harden
3d network of Si & Al mineral molecules linked through covalent bonds with oxygen molecules
Synthetic alkali-
aluminosilicate material
Physical & chemical
properties comparable to cementitious
binders7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SUSTAINABLE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT, 28-29 June 2019, Crete Island
7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SUSTAINABLE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT, 28-29 June 2019, Crete Island
Geopolymers
Alumino-silicate source
Alkali Geopolymer paste
• Ground granulated blast furnace slag
• Silica fume• Coal combustion fly ash
Sludge incinerator
fly ash was used as
geopolymer
precursor in this
study.
Sludge incinerator
fly ash was used as
geopolymer
precursor in this
study.
• Alkalis and alkaline activators, e.g. NaOH, KOH, sodium/potassium silicates
Sludge ash
Binders: Portland cement,
fly ash, marble sludge Activators:
NaSilNaOH, water
Stabilization / Solidification
Geopolymerization
Air-cure (28
Days)
Leaching tests : EN
12457
Unconfined compressive
strength test (28 days air cure)
Evaluation
Construction material
Materials and Methods
Combinations were
prepared. Alumino-
silicate sources :
Sludge ash,
cement, fly ash,
marble sludge
Combinations were
prepared. Alumino-
silicate sources :
Sludge ash,
cement, fly ash,
marble sludge
7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SUSTAINABLE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT, 28-29 June 2019, Crete Island
Chemical composition of the materials
SiO2 contents are comparable (sludge ash
Cement)Fly ash with higher SiO2 Highest CaO with
marble sludge
Sludge ash had less CaO than
Cement
7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SUSTAINABLE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT, 28-29 June 2019, Crete Island
Parameter mg/LSilver (Ag) <0.003
Aluminum (Al) 0.053Arsenic (As) <0.012
Boron (B) 0.030Cadmium (Cd) <0.003
Total Chromium (Cr)
1.629
Copper (Cu) <0.003Total Ferrous
(Fe)<0.004
Manganese (Mn)
<0.005
Nickel (Ni) <0.005Lead (Pb) <0.012
Antimony (Sb) 0.018Tin (Sn) <0.009Zinc (Zn) 0.052
Selenium (Se) 0.026
Heavy metal leaching from the sludge ash (EN12457)
Leaching was
lower than the
limits:
Non-Hazardous
Waste
Leaching was
lower than the
limits:
Non-Hazardous
Waste
7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SUSTAINABLE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT, 28-29 June 2019, Crete Island
Cement
Fly ash
Sludge Ash
Marble Sludge
Activator
100% Water10% 30% 30% 30% Water40% 30% 30% Water40% 30% 30% Water70% 30% Water40% 30% 30% Water70% 30% Water70% 30% Water100% NaSilNaO
H10% 30% 30% 30% NaSilNaO
H40% 30% 30% NaSilNaO
H40% 30% 30% NaSilNaO
H70% 30% NaSilNaO
H40% 30% 30% NaSilNaO
H70% 30% NaSilNaO
H70% 30% NaSilNaO
H
S/S Samples:
Prepared with water
Geopolymer
samples:
Prepared with
NaSilNaOH
S/S Samples:
Prepared with water
Geopolymer
samples:
Prepared with
NaSilNaOHFly ashSludge Ash
Marble Sludge
40 20 4050 50
20 80100
80 20100
100
Content of the samples preparedSamples with cement
Samples without cement
Fly ash, sludge
ash, marble
sludge, cement
were used.
Fly ash, sludge
ash, marble
sludge, cement
were used.
Sludge ash
content:
Up to 30%
Cement: 10-100%
Sludge ash
content:
Up to 30%
Cement: 10-100%Sludge ash
content:
20%
Sludge ash
content:
20%
7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SUSTAINABLE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT, 28-29 June 2019, Crete Island
Results & Discussion
12.510.07.55.02.50.0-2.5-5.0
99
95
90
80
70
60
5040
30
20
10
5
1
A Fly ashB Sludge AshC Marble SludgeD Activator
Factor Name
Standardized Effect
Perc
ent
Not SignificantSignificant
Effect Type
ABC
BD
BC
AD
AC
AB
D
C
B
Normal Plot of the Standardized Effects(response is UCS, α = 0.05)
Combined influence of the parameters was signifcant.
Fly ash + Sludge ash + Marble sludge Fly ash + sludge
ash: UCS
decreasedFly ash + sludge
ash + marble sludge:
UCS increased
With the existence of NaSilNaOH
UCS increased
7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SUSTAINABLE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT, 28-29 June 2019, Crete Island
Main Effects
30%None
45
40
35
30
2530%None 30%None NaSilNaOHWater
Fly ash
Mea
n of
UCS
Sludge Ash Marble Sludge Activator
Main Effects Plot for UCSFitted MeansFly
ashSludge ash
Marble sludge
Activator
UC
S
None
30% None
30% None
30% None
30%
+ + +-
Fly ash and marble
sludge slightly
improved the UCS.
Sludge ash
decreased.
Fly ash and marble
sludge slightly
improved the UCS.
Sludge ash
decreased.
7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SUSTAINABLE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT, 28-29 June 2019, Crete Island
Unconfined Compressive Strength, MPa
Geopolymer UCS > S/S UCS
Sludge ash still can yield 46.70 MPa UCS: CEM+FA+SA
41.05 MPa UCS: CEM+FA+SA+MS
Negative influence
of sludge ash can
be balanced by
using fly ash and
marble sludge.
Negative influence
of sludge ash can
be balanced by
using fly ash and
marble sludge.
CEM: Portland cement, SA: sludge ash, FA: fly ash, MS: marble sludge
7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SUSTAINABLE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT, 28-29 June 2019, Crete Island
Unconfined Compressive Strength, Mpawithout cement
Geopolymer with cement UCS >
without cement
High UCS even without cement
(40,56 MPa)
Results imply that it is
possible to obtain high
UCS levels without
using cement, which
has a high carbon
footprint.
Results imply that it is
possible to obtain high
UCS levels without
using cement, which
has a high carbon
footprint.
ConclusionsCombined influence of sludge ash, fly ash, and marble sludge was positive although the influence of sludge ash alone was negative.UCS of SA+FA+MS = 40.56 MPa
Heavy metals leaching confrmed that sludge ash does not possess any toxicity leeaching.
Sludge incinerator fly ashes have the potential to be used as a supplementary cementitious material in geopolymerization.
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7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SUSTAINABLE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT, 28-29 June 2019, Crete Island
7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SUSTAINABLE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT, 28-29 June 2019, Crete Island
7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SUSTAINABLE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT, 28-29 June 2019, Crete Island
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