Reconstruction Ends Section 4. 15th Amendment Passed in 1870 The 15th Amendment gave African...

Reconstruction EndsReconstruction Ends Section 4Section 4

15th Amendment15th Amendment Passed in 1870Passed in 1870

The The 15th Amendment gave African 15th Amendment gave African American men the right to voteAmerican men the right to vote..

Women’s rights activists were angry Women’s rights activists were angry because the amendment because the amendment did not grant did not grant women the right to votewomen the right to vote..

Voting Rights in the South:Voting Rights in the South:

““Poll tax”Poll tax” said former slaves had to pay a said former slaves had to pay a tax to votetax to vote

““Grandfather Clause”Grandfather Clause” said a person could said a person could only vote if their grandfather had votedonly vote if their grandfather had voted

Literacy Tests:Literacy Tests: difficult reading tests given difficult reading tests given to former slaves; if not passed, then you to former slaves; if not passed, then you couldn’t vote.couldn’t vote.

Poll Tax Receipt:Poll Tax Receipt:

Ku Klux KlanKu Klux Klan In 1866, the KKK was created by a group of white In 1866, the KKK was created by a group of white

southerners.southerners.

The The KKK was a secret society opposed to African KKK was a secret society opposed to African Americans obtaining civil rightsAmericans obtaining civil rights, particularly the , particularly the right to vote.right to vote.

Used violence and intimidation Used violence and intimidation to frighten blacks.to frighten blacks.

http://kkk.bz/

Segregation and Jim Crow Segregation and Jim Crow SegregationSegregation - the legal separation of blacks - the legal separation of blacks

and whites in public placesand whites in public places

Jim Crow LawsJim Crow Laws - laws that forced segregation - laws that forced segregation

Starting in 1881, blacks had to stay in separate Starting in 1881, blacks had to stay in separate hotels, sit in separate parts of theaters, ride in hotels, sit in separate parts of theaters, ride in separate rail cars, and have separate schools, separate rail cars, and have separate schools, libraries, and parks. This is known as libraries, and parks. This is known as segregation.segregation.

End of Grant’s End of Grant’s Presidency:Presidency:

1872 – 1872 – Ulysses S. Grant – elected for a 2Ulysses S. Grant – elected for a 2ndnd termterm

Country went into a depression economicallyCountry went into a depression economically

Depression Depression lasted almost 4 yearslasted almost 4 years

Northerners grew tired of high taxes to pay Northerners grew tired of high taxes to pay for reconstructionfor reconstruction

Rutherford B. HayesRutherford B. Hayes

19th President19th President

Republican elected in 1877 Republican elected in 1877

Was the Governor ofWas the Governor ofOhioOhio

Told Southern Democrats he Told Southern Democrats he would end reconstruction if would end reconstruction if they voted for him. He won they voted for him. He won the election.the election.

IMAGES OF JIM CROW

Don Spooner and Chris Harper

The "Jim Crow" figure was a fixture of the minstrel shows that toured the South; a white man made up as a black man sang and mimicked stereotypical behavior in the name of comedy.

http://www.jimcrowhistory.org/scripts/jimcrow/gallery.cgi?collection=crow

Another in a series of racist posters attacking Radical Republican exponents of black suffrage, issued during the 1866 PA gubernatorial race.


Sheet music cover illustration with caricatures of ragged African-American musicians and dancers.

1847


The most recognizable trademark in the world by 1900, Bull Durham tobacco ads and trading cards typically depicted caricatures of foolish looking or silly acting blacks to draw attention to its product. Each ad has a green bull somewhere in the image.


Two silly looking black hunters have all the equipment for the hunt, but no match with which to light their cigarettes. The hunters are exaggerated images of blacks trying to imitate white people at sport. Notice the trademark green bull in the background. The Bull Durham bull together with the stereotypical images of blacks were a standard part of America's popular culture at the turn of the century.


Nicodemus, Kansas, 1870s: Middle class settler's homestead.


Philadelphia, 1889: Removing an African American from a Philadelphia Railway car--after the implementation of Jim Crow, the integration imposed by Reconstruction was stripped away by new laws.


The costumes and rituals of the new Ku Klux Klan became symbols of terror in America during the first three decades of the twentieth century. (1915). The new Klan spread all over the nation with a membership numbering over three million in the 1920s.


Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, July 1939: "Colored" water fountains were fixtures throughout the South

during the Jim Crow era.


Washington DC, Ku Klux Klan Parade

1928

http://www.americanradioworks.org/features/remembering/bitter.html

Fort Lauderdale, Florida, Lynching of Rubin Stacy for allegedly attacking a white woman. 1935


Child on Trepagnier plantation near Norco, Louisana


Waco, Texas

1939http://www.americanradioworks.org/features/remembering/bitter.html

Section Hand,

Alma Plantation, False River, Louisiana.

1934


Tenant farmershttp://www.americanradioworks.org/features/remembering/bitter.html

Memphis, Tennesee

1943


Durham, North Carolina

1940


Detroit 1944: Pallbearers with casket walking in front of sign reading "here lies Jim Crow" during the

NAACP Detroit branch "Parade for Victory."http://www.jimcrowhistory.org/scripts/jimcrow/gallery.cgi?collection=crow

TEST REMINDER:TEST REMINDER: Reconstruction TEST:Reconstruction TEST:

Friday, 9/13Friday, 9/13 Week Reflection / post testWeek Reflection / post test

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