Reconstruction 1863-77. I. The “Unfinished” Revolution.
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Transcript of Reconstruction 1863-77. I. The “Unfinished” Revolution.
A. Was Reconstruction Revolutionary?1. No
- whites kept most property; caste system maintained
2. Yes- Constitutional changes; emancipation; groundwork for the future
B. Contemporary Views
1. Lincoln- states had never left- quick as possible
2. Radicals- “foreign” territory- great, historic opportunity
C. Challenge of the Aftermath1. Loss of manpower
- 600 K; ¼ of military-age Southerners
2. Total War
3. Problem of “freedom”- freed people nowhere to go
A. Presidential 1863-67
1. Pardons for most
2. Oath-takers could vote- elites back in power
3. Ratification of 13th Amendment
B. Congressional / Radical Reconstruction
1. Waving the “bloody shirt”
From the beginning of our history the country has been afflicted with compromise. It is by compromise that human rights have been abandoned.
- Charles Sumner
2. Expansion of Federal Power- Civil Rights Act of 1866- Freedmen’s Bureau 1865
- 14th Amendment 1866
Dual Citizenship
Review Sessions for Final Exam
Thursday April 26, 3:30 P.M. - HUMB 360
Friday April 27, 1:00 - ? Picklefish
Monday April 30, 7:30 P.M. - HUMB 360
& by appointment
A. Andrew Johnson
1. Inferiority complex
2. Opposition to reform
3. Struggle with Congress- Tenure of Office Act
2. Redefined voting rights
3. Ratification of 14th Amendment
Section. 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States…
A. Land distribution
1. “40 acres and a mule”- Sherman’s order- 1880, 20% freed land owners
2. Opposition to land re-distribution
B. Racial Radicalism
1. Terrorism- Ku Klux Klan 1866- lynching
2. Stereotypes- violent- sexual- commercial
D. Constitutional changes
1. Amendments- 13th 1865- 14th 1866- 15th 1870
2. Basis of “3rd” American Revolution- Civil Rights, 1950s-60s
E. Social Relations
1. White men- “extra” legal caste system
2. Class antagonism
- Populism 1880s+- Tom Watson
3. Black men- legally free- “manhood” = own land; marry; protect family; military service- antagonism reflects psychological shift
5. Black women- “Aren’t I a Woman?” Sojourner Truth- double burden
19th century ideals conflicted witheconomic reality
Church; education
V. End of the Experiment
1. Westward Expansion- 1876 Little Big Horn- Plains Culture 1866-90
2. Republican corruption- Crèdit Mobilier 1872
- Whiskey Ring 1875