Reconciliation of Cost &

Financial Records

Financial Accounts.

• Introduction:

Financial accounts are the records of the financial dealings of the

business, their every day transactions.

• The main role of financial accounting is to :

a) Record financial transactions like collecting money from sales,

paying suppliers, salaries and wages

b) Help the managers to manage the business e.g. monthly accounts showing sales , cost and profit

against budgets, Forecasting cash flows , cost

investigations.

c) Provide other stakeholders with legal/vital

information (financial accounts: trading account,

profit and loss , balance sheet)

Financial Statements

• Financial statements divided in 5 parts:

a) Manufacturing Account: Statement used in accounting process of

a manufacturing organization. This financial statement does not

show profit and loss figures but rather the cost of direct materials

and labour . A manufacturing account also includes production

overhead.

b) Trading account: An account with a broker that enables an

individual or other party to buy and sell securities.

c) Profit & Loss Account: A statement shows the position of Profit or

Loss made by the organization.

d) Profit & Loss Appropriation: The Profit & Loss appropriation

account should be treated as a separate account from the Profit &

Loss account. The appropriation account is designated to provide

an indication of how profit transferred from the Profit & Loss account

is spent.

e) Balance sheet: A Statement that shows the financial position of an

entity on a specified date (usually the last day of an accounting

period.)

Cost accounts

Introduction: It is the cost application of costing and cost accounting principles,

methods and techniques to the science, art and practice of cost

control and the ascertainment of Profitability.

Performa of Cost Sheet Particulars Total Cost Rs. Cost Per unit Rs.

Opening stock of Raw materials xxx xxx

ADD: Purchases xxx xxx

ADD: Carriage Inward xxx xxx

ADD: Octroi & Custom Duty xxx xxx

Less: Closing stock of raw materials xxx xxx

Cost of Direct materials consumed xxx xxx

Direct wages xxx xxx

Direct or chargeable expenses xxx xxx

PRIME COST xxx xxx

Particulars Total Cost Rs. Cost Per unit Rs.

ADD: WORKS or Factory Overheads

Indirect Materials xxx xxx

Indirect wages xxx xxx

Leave wages xxx xxx

Bonus to workers xxx xxx

Overtime wages xxx

Fuel & Power xxx

Rent & Taxes xxx

Insurance xxx

Works salary xxx

Depreciation of Plant & Machinery xxx

factory Lightings xxx

Supervision xxx

Works stationery xxx

Canteen & Welfare Expenses xxx

Repairs xxx

Particulars Total Cost Rs. Cost Per unit Rs.

Subscription to trade Journals xxx

Office Lightings xxx

Establishment Charges xxx

Directors Travelling expenses xxx

Consultants Fees xxx

Contribution to Provident fund xxx

Postage xxx

Legal charges xxx

Audit fees xxx

Bank charges xxx

Depreciation & Repairs of Office Equipment xxx

Bonus to Staff xxx

COST OF PRODUCTION xxx xxx

ADD: Opening stock of Finished goods xxx xxx

Less: Closing stock of Finished goods xxx xxx

COST OF GOODS SOLD xxx xxx

Particulars Total Cost Rs. Cost Per unit Rs.

ADD : Selling & Distribution Overheads:

Advertising xxx

Show Room Expenses xxx

Sales man salary & Expenses xxx

Packing expenses xxx

Carriage outward xxx

Commission of sales agent xxx

Cost of Catalogues xxx

Expenses of Delivery vans xxx

Collection charges xxx

Travelling expenses xxx

Cost tender xxx

Warehouse expenses xxx

Cost of mailing literature xxx

Sales manager salary xxx

Insurance of Show room xxx

Particulars Total Cost Rs. Cost Per unit Rs.

Works expenses Xxx

Gas & Water Xxx

Technical Director’s Fees xxx

Laboratory Expenses xxx

Works Transport Expenses xxx

Works telephone Expenses xxx

ADD: Opening stock of Work in progress xxx xxx

Less: Closing stock of Work in progress xxx xxx

Less: Sale of Waste xxx xxx

WORKS COST xxx xxx

ADD: Office & Administration Overheads:

Office salaries xxx

Director’s fees xxx

Office Rent & Rates xxx

Sundry Office Expenses xxx

Depreciation on Office Furniture xxx

Particulars Total Cost Rs. Cost Per unit Rs.

Sales Director’s fees xxx

Sales office expenses xxx

Rent of sales office xxx

Depreciation of Delivery vans xxx

Expenses of sales branch xxx

Establishments xxx

Branch office expenses xxx

TOTAL COST / TOTAL OF SALES xxx xxx

Profit or Loss xxx xxx

SALES xxx xxx

Note: 1)Cost per unit can be calculated as follows:

• Till Cost of production – units produced

• Opening stock of finished goods – Given

• Closing stock of finished goods – CPU of COP (as

per AS 3 – Works cost) • After closing stock of finished goods till end – units

sold.

Following Items are to be ignored in the cost sheet

a) Advance tax paid

b) Cash discount allowed on sales

c) Dividend paid

d) Dividend received

e) Debenture interest

f) Donation paid

g) Interest received

h) Interests paid on Loan

i) Income tax paid

j) Interests paid on Bank overdraft

k) Income tax refund

l) Interest on capital

m) Bad debts

n) Loss on sale of Fixed asset / Investment

o) Purchase of Fixed asset / Investment

p) Sale of Fixed asset/ Investment

q) Profit on sale of Fixed asset /Investment

r) Non operating income such as discount received

Reconciliation

• Meaning:

• An accounting process used to compare two sets of records to

ensure the figures are in agreement and are accurate.

• Reconciliation is the key process used to determine whether the

money leaving an account matches the amount spent , ensuring the

true values are balanced at the end of recording period .

Golden Rule for Reconciliation

DO WHAT OTHERS HAVE DONE ON

PROFIT

Format of Reconciliation

Particulars Amt Amt

Profit as per Cost Account

ADD:

LESS:

Profit as per Financial Account

OR

Profit Reconciliation Statement for the period

ended_______.

Particulars Amt Amt

Profit as per Financial Account

ADD:

LESS:

Profit as per Cost Account

Profit Reconciliation Statement for the period ended___-.

Practical Problems.

Problem :1

Solution.