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Reconceptualizing morphology:
The architecture of a giant single-celled alga & the latent shapes of grapevine leaves
Dan ChitwoodDonald Danforth Plant Science CenterSeptember 28, 2015
A giant single-celled alga & the implications for plant cell theory
Latent genetic & developmental shapes in grapevine leavesThe shape of climate change:Inter-annual variability in grapevine leaf shape
Independent origins of multicellularity
Independent origins of multicellularityOpisthokontsStreptophytesViridiplantae
Plantae
ChlorophytesRhodophytesAlgae(polyphyletic)
M Abedin & N King (2010)Trends in Cell Biology
Independent origins of multicellularityOpisthokontsStreptophytesViridiplantae
Plantae
ChlorophytesRhodophytesAlgae(polyphyletic)
M Abedin & N King (2010)Trends in Cell Biology
Independent origins of multicellularityOpisthokontsStreptophytesViridiplantae
Plantae
ChlorophytesRhodophytesAlgae(polyphyletic)
M Abedin & N King (2010)Trends in Cell Biology
Independent origins of multicellularityOpisthokontsStreptophytesViridiplantae
Plantae
ChlorophytesRhodophytesAlgae(polyphyletic)
Independent origins of multicellularityOpisthokontsStreptophytesViridiplantae
Plantae
ChlorophytesRhodophytesAlgae(polyphyletic)
Independent origins of multicellularityOpisthokontsStreptophytesViridiplantae
Plantae
ChlorophytesRhodophytesAlgae(polyphyletic)
Macroscopic morphological complexity:plant architecture without multicellularity
V Coneva & D Chitwood (2015)Front Plant SciAdapted from Cocquyt et al. (2010) Mol Biol Evol
Macroscopic morphological complexity:plant architecture without multicellularityHmmerling, 1930s
www.science-projects.com
Macroscopic morphological complexity:plant architecture without multicellularity
V Coneva & D Chitwood (2015)Front Plant SciAdapted from Cocquyt et al. (2010) Mol Biol Evol
Macroscopic morphological complexity:plant architecture without multicellularity
Ernst Haeckel, Wikipedia,Wikimedia commons
Cell vs. Organismal Theory:Plant development Animal development
Kaplan and Hagemann (1991)BioScience
Cell vs. Organismal Theory:Plant development Animal development
Plasmodesmata, symplasm
Kaplan and Hagemann (1991)BioScience
Cilia and Jackson (2004)Curr Opin in Cell Biol
Kaplan and Hagemann (1991)BioScience
Cell vs. Organismal Theory:Plant development Animal development
Plasmodesmata, symplasmPhragmoplasts
Kaplan and Hagemann (1991)BioScience
Cell vs. Organismal Theory:Plant development Animal development
Plasmodesmata, symplasmPhragmoplastsCell lineage patterns
Kaplan and Hagemann (1991)BioScience
Cell vs. Organismal Theory:Plant development Animal development
Plasmodesmata, symplasmPhragmoplastsCell lineage patterns
Brukhin, Curtis, Grossniklaus (2005)Current Science
Cell vs. Organismal Theory:Plant development Animal development
Plasmodesmata, symplasmPhragmoplastsCell lineage patternsCoenocytic female gametophyte
Kaplan and Hagemann (1991)BioScience
Cell vs. Organismal Theory:Plant development Animal development
Plasmodesmata, symplasmPhragmoplastsCell lineage patternsCoenocytic female gametophyte
Conclusion: there is as much evidence to view morphologically complex plants as coenocytes as there is to consider them multicellular (at least in the same sense as animals)
An intracellular transcriptomic atlas of thegiant coenocyte Caulerpa taxifolia
Ranjan et al. (2015)PLOS Genetics
An intracellular transcriptomic atlas of thegiant coenocyte Caulerpa taxifolia
Why Caulerpa taxifolia?
Debatably worlds largest single-celled organismRanjan et al. (2015)PLOS Genetics
An intracellular transcriptomic atlas of thegiant coenocyte Caulerpa taxifolia
Why Caulerpa taxifolia?
Debatably worlds largest single-celled organismCan regenerate from any fragmentRanjan et al. (2015)PLOS Genetics
An intracellular transcriptomic atlas of thegiant coenocyte Caulerpa taxifolia
Why Caulerpa taxifolia?
Debatably worlds largest single-celled organismCan regenerate from any fragmentKiller algaeinvasiveRanjan et al. (2015)PLOS Genetics
An intracellular transcriptomic atlas of thegiant coenocyte Caulerpa taxifolia
Why Caulerpa taxifolia?
Debatably worlds largest single-celled organismCan regenerate from any fragmentKiller algaeinvasiveEndosymbiotic bacteriaRanjan et al. (2015)PLOS Genetics
An intracellular transcriptomic atlas of thegiant coenocyte Caulerpa taxifolia
Why Caulerpa taxifolia?
Debatably worlds largest single-celled organismCan regenerate from any fragmentKiller algaeinvasiveEndosymbiotic bacteriaConvergent morphology with land plantsRanjan et al. (2015)PLOS Genetics
An intracellular transcriptomic atlas of thegiant coenocyte Caulerpa taxifolia
Ranjan et al. (2015)PLOS Genetics
A wave of apical-basalgene expression
Ranjan et al. (2015)PLOS Genetics
A wave of apical-basalgene expression
Ranjan et al. (2015)PLOS Genetics
A wave of apical-basalgene expression
Ranjan et al. (2015)PLOS Genetics
A wave of apical-basalgene expression
Ranjan et al. (2015)PLOS Genetics
A wave of apical-basalgene expression
Ranjan et al. (2015)PLOS Genetics
A wave of apical-basalgene expression
Ranjan et al. (2015)PLOS Genetics
A wave of apical-basalgene expression
Ranjan et al. (2015)PLOS Genetics
A wave of apical-basalgene expression
Ranjan et al. (2015)PLOS Genetics
A wave of apical-basalgene expressionRanjan et al. (2015)PLOS Genetics
Intracellular patterns of gene expression coincide with pseudo-organsRanjan et al. (2015)PLOS Genetics
Intracellular patterns of gene expression coincide with pseudo-organsRanjan et al. (2015)PLOS Genetics
Molecular homology between land plant organs and algal pseudo-organs?Leliaert et al. (2012)Crit. Rev. Plant Sci.
Molecular homology between land plant organs and algal pseudo-organs?Ranjan et al. (2015)PLOS Genetics
Molecular homology between land plant organs and algal pseudo-organs?Ranjan et al. (2015)PLOS Genetics
?
?D Reinhardt
Molecular homology between land plant organs and algal pseudo-organs?Ranjan et al. (2015)PLOS Genetics
?
Molecular homology between land plant organs and algal pseudo-organs?Ranjan et al. (2015)PLOS Genetics
Molecular homology between land plant organs and algal pseudo-organs?Ranjan et al. (2015)PLOS Genetics
D Reinhardt
A giant single-celled alga & the implications for plant cell theory
Latent genetic & developmental shapes in grapevine leavesThe shape of climate change:Inter-annual variability in grapevine leaf shape
Species effects
Species, developmental stage,& leaf number effects
Species, developmental stage,& leaf number effects
Species, developmental stage,& leaf number effects
ShootbaseShoottip
Species, developmental stage,& leaf number effects
L1L2L1L3L4L5L6L7L8L9L10ShootbaseShoottipLeafNumber,different leaf types
Species, developmental stage,& leaf number effects
S1S2S9S10S3S4S5S6S7S8L1L2L1L3L4L5L6L7L8L9L10DevelopmentalStage,unequal expansionLeafNumber,different leaf typesShootbaseShoottip
Species, developmental stage,& leaf number effects
ShootbaseShoottipLeaf numberDevelopmental stageUnequal expansionDifferent leaf types
Species, developmental stage,& leaf number effects
ShootbaseShoottipLeaf numberDevelopmental stageUnequal expansionDifferent leaf types
Species, developmental stage,& leaf number effects
ShootbaseShoottipLeaf numberDevelopmental stageUnequal expansionDifferent leaf types
Evolutionary vs. developmental pathsin the Vitis leaf morphospace
Species effects
Evolutionary vs. developmental pathsin the Vitis leaf morphospace
Developmental stageUnequal expansion
Evolutionary vs. developmental pathsin the Vitis leaf morphospace
Leaf numberDifferent leaf types
Species identity can be predictedindependently from development
Species identity can be predictedindependently from development
Developmental stage can be predictedindependently from species identity
Leaf number can be predictedindependently from species identity
A giant single-celled alga & the implications for plant cell theory
Latent genetic & developmental shapes in grapevine leavesThe shape of climate change:Inter-annual variability in grapevine leaf shape
Landmarks sensitive to allometry
Blade expands faster than vein
Blade expands faster than vein
Blade expands faster than vein
Genetic & developmental shapes are independent
Genetic & developmental shapes are independent
Genetic & developmental shapes are independent
Genetic & developmental shapes are independent
Discriminating leaves from different years:Same vines, same stages
Discriminating leaves from different years:Same vines, same stages
Discriminating leaves from different years:Same vines, same stages
Discriminating leaves from different years:Same vines, same stages
Climate interannual variability:2014/15 was colder & drier than 2012/13
Climate interannual variability:2014/15 was colder & drier than 2012/13
Extant and geologic history:Leaf shape & size correlate with climate
Extant and geologic history:Leaf shape & size correlate with climate
Paleomap, scotese.com
Thanks!CaulerpaAashish RanjanBrad TownsleyYasu IchihashiNeelima SinhaGrapesLaura KleinAllison MillerJason LondoSusan RundellQuaneisha WoodfordDarren LiTommy YuJose LopezJulie Kang
Tomatoes/graftingMargaret FrankViktoriya Coneva
The morphospace ofwild & domesticated Vitis
The morphospace ofwild & domesticated Vitis
Changes in developmental timingin domesticated grape