Recommendations Summary municipal waste...

Twinning Project IL/11

Implementation and Strengthening the Environmental Framework for

IPPC, Resource Efficiency and Eco-Management in Israel

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Recommendations Summary

Graham Byrne & Sandy Truesdale

Northern Ireland Co-Operation Overseas (NICO)

Jerusalem Workshop

22nd June 2016

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Graham Byrne Graham Byrne Graham Byrne Graham Byrne BSc BSc BSc BSc FCIWM C FCIWM C FCIWM C FCIWM C EnvEnvEnvEnv

[email protected]

30 years of experience in central and local government; 21 years in senior waste management roles, strategic and operational focus

Extensive experience across the whole waste sector

Awarded a Fellowship of the Chartered Institution of Wastes Management – the highest professional award in the UK

Experience as Waste Expert in numerous projects Macedonia, Kosovo, Serbia, Israel, Northern Cyprus)

CEO of Waste Management Partnership covering half of Northern Ireland

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Sandy TruesdaleSandy TruesdaleSandy TruesdaleSandy Truesdale

• Ministry of Environment NI Environment Policy Division – Waste Policy and Legislation – responsible for a wide range of waste policy / strategy and legislation

• NI Environment Agency - Waste Regulation - Landfill, Hazardous Waste, International Waste Shipments / Exports

• Head of Waste Regulation in NI Environment Agency –responsible for regulation of all waste management activities in NI – including issue of permits and other authorisations

• Ministry of Environment NI Environment Policy Division -Responsible for Better Regulation Programme – Extending to Regulation of Industry, waste management, water and Radioactive substances

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Best Practice in Waste ManagementBest Practice in Waste ManagementBest Practice in Waste ManagementBest Practice in Waste Management

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Engineered LandfillEngineered LandfillEngineered LandfillEngineered Landfill

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Residual

MarketMarketMarketMarket

3333----Bin Kerbside Bin Kerbside Bin Kerbside Bin Kerbside Collection SystemCollection SystemCollection SystemCollection System

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Household Waste Recycling CentresHousehold Waste Recycling CentresHousehold Waste Recycling CentresHousehold Waste Recycling Centres

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Alternate Week Kerbside CollectionAlternate Week Kerbside CollectionAlternate Week Kerbside CollectionAlternate Week Kerbside Collection

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InInInIn----Vessel CompostingVessel CompostingVessel CompostingVessel Composting

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Anaerobic DigestionAnaerobic DigestionAnaerobic DigestionAnaerobic Digestion

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Increase in Local Recycling Rates Increase in Local Recycling Rates Increase in Local Recycling Rates Increase in Local Recycling Rates

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Transfer StationsTransfer StationsTransfer StationsTransfer Stations

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.

Mechanical Biological TreatmentMechanical Biological TreatmentMechanical Biological TreatmentMechanical Biological Treatment

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Fuel ProductionFuel ProductionFuel ProductionFuel Production

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Fuel Replacement

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Mass Burn IncinerationMass Burn IncinerationMass Burn IncinerationMass Burn Incineration

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GasificationGasificationGasificationGasification

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RecommendationsRecommendationsRecommendationsRecommendations

• Source separation of recyclable and compostable materials is both cost-effective and environmentally beneficial. To achieve a high recycling rate, this should be instigated countrywide

• Options for the treatment of residual waste should be considered via a Best Practicable Environmental Option Assessment and implemented via a Needs Assessment (for tonnage and locations) and procured, to replace landfill.

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Data Collection & ManagementData Collection & ManagementData Collection & ManagementData Collection & Management

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THE PASTTHE PASTTHE PASTTHE PAST

• Waste collected

• Stuck in a hole in the ground

• Detailed records not essential

• REQUIREMENTS WERE CHANGING

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• Historically data was collected by various Government Departments, Agencies, Institutions etc. – hard copy

• Surveys differ in scope, detail, frequency

• Inadequate to meet future obligations

• Lack of standardisation - difficult to make comparisons

• Quality of decision making depends on quality of information

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THE PRESENTTHE PRESENTTHE PRESENTTHE PRESENT

• Under the Waste and Emissions Trading Act new targets for Local Authorities to reduce biodegradable municipal waste sent to landfill

• Municipal waste increasing by 3% pa

• Failure to meet targets could mean share of £0.5m per day fine from EU infraction

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Local Data Authority RequirementsLocal Data Authority RequirementsLocal Data Authority RequirementsLocal Data Authority Requirements

• Local Authorities are legally obliged to report on quarterly and annual statistics

• WasteDataFlow ensures CONSISTENT data gathering and reporting across the UK

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What is What is What is What is WasteDataFlowWasteDataFlowWasteDataFlowWasteDataFlow????

• An online system for Local Authority waste data reporting

• Faster, more accurate data collection

• More often, more efficient, easier access

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Examples of WDF QuestionsExamples of WDF QuestionsExamples of WDF QuestionsExamples of WDF Questions

• Types and numbers of containment methods;

• Frequency of collections;

• Tonnages, types and destinations of waste collected, rejected and sent for recycling/re-use from kerbside, bring and civic amenity sites and from streetscapes and parks and grounds;

• Tonnages and destinations of residual waste collected;

• Tonnages and destinations by waste management method; and

• Financial costs, (these are included under the annual questions).

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Data Collection PointsData Collection PointsData Collection PointsData Collection Points

• Municipal Collections

• Landfill

• Transfer – in and out

• MRF – in and out

• Composting – in and out

• SRF export – TFS – in and out

• Waste-to-energy – in and out

• Other wastes – clothes, glass, tyres etc.

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SUMMARYSUMMARYSUMMARYSUMMARY

• Monthly, quarterly and annual reports, charts and graphs

• Identify trends and recycling performance

• Calculate diversion from landfill

• Benchmark with other like authorities

• Monitor performance against key indicators

• Compare methods of collection

• Identify Best Practice

• INCREASE EFFICIENCY

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Reports Available OnlineReports Available OnlineReports Available OnlineReports Available Online

• Opportunities for analysis and performance benchmarking

• Enables comparison of waste management methods

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Strategic ReportsStrategic ReportsStrategic ReportsStrategic Reports

• Municipal Waste Arisings – key for PPP investment

• Tonnage Split by Category

• Waste Growth (for long-term contracts)

• Enables Waste Management Planning

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Policy & PlanningPolicy & PlanningPolicy & PlanningPolicy & Planning

• Once accurate waste datasets are established, realistic targets, financial instruments and country-wide treatment infrastructure can be established with confidence

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Ministry Reports From Waste Data Ministry Reports From Waste Data Ministry Reports From Waste Data Ministry Reports From Waste Data FlowFlowFlowFlow

• NIEAs report on NI Waste Statistics Reports

https://www.doeni.gov.uk/articles/published-waste-data

• NI Landfill diversion Report

• Northern Ireland local authority collectedmunicipal waste management quarterly report

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Policy & Planning & ReportingPolicy & Planning & ReportingPolicy & Planning & ReportingPolicy & Planning & Reporting

Once accurate waste datasets are established, it is then possible to for the Ministry to :-

• Report on system performance / targets i.e. to EU to Parliament etc.

• Evaluate Municipality performance against NI Waste Management Strategy

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Policy, Planning Policy, Planning Policy, Planning Policy, Planning & Reporting& Reporting& Reporting& Reporting

• Develop / amend policies / strategies and accurately cost and evaluate / justify the proposals or amendments

• Develop interventions such as financial instruments / levies in order to assist in delivery of strategy aims and objectives / targets

• Operator / industry audits and investigations

• Waste stream assessments / evaluation

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• Procure and install a professional data collection system country-wide and ensure a complete reporting structure

• Sufficient numbers of trained reporting staff must be available at all times to complete returns

• Private industry should also be required to complete returns under licensing conditions

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Institutional Arrangements for Waste Management

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Introduction Introduction Introduction Introduction

• Israel’s institutional arrangements have been considered and discussed with Ministry colleagues

• Overview of UK / EU structures has been provided to Ministry Colleagues

• These arrangements come with the benefit of over twenty years of change and refinement experience ensuring a robust and effective arrangement.

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Key Structural Elements of UK Key Structural Elements of UK Key Structural Elements of UK Key Structural Elements of UK & EU & EU & EU & EU Institutional Institutional Institutional Institutional Arrangements Arrangements Arrangements Arrangements

Ministry of Environment

• The ultimate policy decision maker through the Minister - responsible for overall financial management and distribution of resource along with development of Waste policy / strategy / legislation

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Key Institutional ActivitiesKey Institutional ActivitiesKey Institutional ActivitiesKey Institutional Activities

Ministry of Environment

• National waste strategy

• Targets

• Development of policy and legislation

• EA budget approval

• Securing and distributing resources

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Key Structural Elements of Key Structural Elements of Key Structural Elements of Key Structural Elements of UK/EU UK/EU UK/EU UK/EU Institutional Institutional Institutional Institutional ArrangementsArrangementsArrangementsArrangements

Northern Ireland Environment Agency Waste

• Responsible to the Ministry - primarily for operations / delivery - including procurement, implementation of policy / strategy and legislation through regulation and enforcement - distribution of funds to delivery bodies such as Municipalities / Municipal Partnerships.

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Environment Agency (waste)

• Operational strategy for implementation

• Permitting

• Project management of special operations

• Regulating

• Enforcement

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Competence / Skills throughout StructureCompetence / Skills throughout StructureCompetence / Skills throughout StructureCompetence / Skills throughout Structure

• Capacity building - Recruiting and Training of adequate numbers staff

• Training of key staff in the first instance who will themselves roll out further training programmes as the various elements of structure grow is perhaps a good first step – also creates some degree of sustainability in any new system.

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Horizontal Horizontal Horizontal Horizontal Communication Communication Communication Communication Between Ministry, Between Ministry, Between Ministry, Between Ministry, Agency, Agency, Agency, Agency, Municipal PartnershipsMunicipal PartnershipsMunicipal PartnershipsMunicipal Partnerships

• In the experience of the NI Ministry – in terms of structural design - horizontal communication arrangements across the Ministry, Agency and the co-operation between Municipalities is very important.

• The Ministry is mainly concerned with policy legislation and strategy – it cannot do that effectively without input from those who will implement by way of regulation / monitor strategy implementation etc.

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Horizontal Horizontal Horizontal Horizontal Communication Between Communication Between Communication Between Communication Between Ministry, Ministry, Ministry, Ministry, Agency, Agency, Agency, Agency, Municipal PartnershipsMunicipal PartnershipsMunicipal PartnershipsMunicipal Partnerships

• The input / advice of those who will translate the strategy into outcomes on the ground is also imperative

• The Agency cannot regulate / implement properly without input to strategy and regulation – the funding of the implementation body needs also to be a joint effort that extends across the three key bodies

• The Agency will be in constant dialogue / interaction with the Municipality co-operation bodies on data management which it will report to the Ministry.

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Horizontal Communication Horizontal Communication Horizontal Communication Horizontal Communication –––– Between Ministry, Between Ministry, Between Ministry, Between Ministry, AgencyAgencyAgencyAgency, Municipal Partnerships, Municipal Partnerships, Municipal Partnerships, Municipal Partnerships

• The Agency will also will be responsible for all things operational such as funding of procurement and so will be in constant dialogue with Ministry and Municipalities

• Effectively government is trying to deliver outcomes on the ground – while the three bodies play different roles the degree of cross cutting is significant – hence horizontal communication arrangements need to be effective

•

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Key Structural Elements of UK EU Institutional Key Structural Elements of UK EU Institutional Key Structural Elements of UK EU Institutional Key Structural Elements of UK EU Institutional ArrangementsArrangementsArrangementsArrangements

Municipal Partnerships

• Responsible for detailed waste management planning, as well as the procurement and management of all municipal waste contracts. Data reporting also via these bodies.

• Experience in UK and Europe has demonstrated that Municipalities cannot deliver challenging waste management projects and achieve targets and outcomes effectively and efficiently on an individual basis. Evidence has demonstrated that it is only on a collective basis that the economies of scale in the required procurement processes can be achieved

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Key Structural Elements of UK EU Institutional Key Structural Elements of UK EU Institutional Key Structural Elements of UK EU Institutional Key Structural Elements of UK EU Institutional ArrangementsArrangementsArrangementsArrangements


• Evidence has shown that is unlikely that the required level of procurement and contract management skills on an individual Municipality basis – whereas these skills can be deployed collectively / cost effectively / centrally to good effect.

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• Waste management plans

• Municipal waste collections

• Recycling and disposal

• Procurement and contract management

• Financial control

• Interaction with central government

• Responsible for achieving targets

• Data reporting

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Israeli Municipalities Israeli Municipalities Israeli Municipalities Israeli Municipalities 2015201520152015

255 6 ?Legal status of

Municipal groups?

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• Israel should consider developing UK/ EU institutional arrangements with a proven track record of delivering challenging waste management strategy targets and outcomes , adopted of course to local need / structures.

• Municipalities should form into formal groupings to undertake waste management planning, contract procurement, environmental education etc.

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Construction and Demolition Waste

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NI NI NI NI ---- C&D Waste Initiatives C&D Waste Initiatives C&D Waste Initiatives C&D Waste Initiatives

• Pre-demolition audits (Building Research Establishment ) BRE offer the service of pre-demolition audits during which the building and the components within it are audited to determine what the key demolition products are and make recommendations for their reuse (on and off-site), recycling or final disposal.

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• The main aim of these audits is to maximise materials available for reuse and recycling and to minimise materials going to landfill.

• Pre-demolition audits have been undertaken on various building types such as; offices, schools, hospitals, social and private housing, leisure buildings, retail units, and industrial buildings.

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• Based on BRE’s pre-demolition audit findings the overall recycling rate of the demolition arisings on project basis was between 85% and 95%. This figure compares well with the overall recycling rate of demolition arisingssubmitted by the NFDC members, who have reported 88%

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• Site Waste Management Plans

• Site Waste Management Plans (SWMPs) on projects costing over 1.5 million NIS

• Improving materials resource efficiency, by promoting the economic use of construction materials and methods so that waste is minimised and any waste that is produced can be re-used, recycled or recovered in other ways before disposal options are explored

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• Critical that SWMP consider how these materials are going to be dealt with during the project

• Undertaking a pre-demolition audit of a building whereby the different material streams are quantified would be a useful tool for the demolition contractors to systematically record

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• Landfill Tax - was introduced on 1st October 1996 and for the demolition sector it is an incentive to divert demolition arisings from landfill.

• Aggregate Levy The Aggregates Levy was introduced in 2000 by the Treasury to encourage the use of recycled and secondary aggregates from lower to higher grade applications and to discourage the extraction of primary aggregates.

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• It is not uncommon for demolition contractors to achieve at least 85% by weight if a pre demolition audit and SWMP prepared during the demolition work on site.

Recommendation

• Israel to consider adopting similar approach –SWMPs and Pre demolition Audits

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Hazardous Wastes

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Hazardous WasteHazardous WasteHazardous WasteHazardous Waste

• In NI if you produce, transport, or receive hazardous waste you must conform to the Hazardous Waste Regulations.

• The purpose of the Hazardous Waste Regulations is to provide an effective system of control for these wastes and to make sure that they are soundly managed from their point of production to their final destination for disposal or recovery.

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• The regulations apply to those who produce, broker/deal, carry and receive hazardous waste to keep, treat or dispose of.

• Definition and classification of hazardous waste - UK have produced a detailed technical document called ‘WM3 Hazardous Waste: Interpretation of the definition and classification of hazardous waste

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• Hazardous Waste streams include:

• asbestos wastefluorescent tubesclinical wastechemicalsused oil filtersbrake fluidbatteries (lead acid, Ni-Cd and mercury)some printer toner cartridgeswaste paint and thinnersPolychlorinated Biphenyls

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• Consignment Note System

A standard coding system has been introduced whereby a consignment note with a unique code must be used for a particular movement of hazardous waste. We dispense, control and administer these notes.

• Consignment of Hazardous waste - NI use a cradle to grave auditing system - called the consignment note system

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• One of the features of the consignment note is the need in Part B to enter the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC 2007) code for the process giving rise to the waste

• The regulations include restrictions on the mixing of wastes, revised requirements for record keeping, periodic inspections of waste producers' facilities by our staff and fixed penalty notices for certain offences

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• The Consignment Note Procedure

• Every movement of hazardous waste must be accompanied by a consignment note.

• Hazardous Waste can only be treated in a facility authorised Licensed to accept and treat it etc

• The treatment facility , as part of the consignment note system must provide the producer of the waste certification of treatment

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• Israel to consider adopting a cradle to grave tracking system for Hazardous waste

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Packaging and Packaging Waste

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• Israel's Packaging system based on the high preforming Belgium system is structured very well

• From an operational perspective there is room for improvement

• In order to verify that both packaging waste targets are being achieved and market development / performance can be verified /validated, accurate data is a prerequisite

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Packaging WastePackaging WastePackaging WastePackaging Waste

• Waste exports for energy recovery or recycling are common place in Europe - either to other European or OECD countries

• On consideration of packaging waste legislation in Israel some lack of definition and clarity was found in key areas

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Free ridersFree ridersFree ridersFree riders

• The packaging recovery system in Israel is improving rapidly but urgently needs development in certain areas to move to the next level

• It is readily apparent from interviews undertaken as part of the project that the issue of packaging waste free riders is significant

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Existing Accreditation Body System Existing Accreditation Body System Existing Accreditation Body System Existing Accreditation Body System TAMIR

• Based on EU models of best practice TAMIR is already proving successful but as any immature system will require further development and management by Ministry

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Export of Packaging Materials for Recycling or Export of Packaging Materials for Recycling or Export of Packaging Materials for Recycling or Export of Packaging Materials for Recycling or Energy RecoveryEnergy RecoveryEnergy RecoveryEnergy Recovery

• There are currently restrictions in Israel like - Up to 10% of packaging can be sent for Waste to Energy and will count towards the recycling target

• Up to 20% of packaging can be exported for recycling (this can be extended if insufficient capacity is available in Israel)

• EU has a less restrictive regime with exports of packaging waste being common place either to other European or OECD countries

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Authorising Additional Accredited Bodies Authorising Additional Accredited Bodies Authorising Additional Accredited Bodies Authorising Additional Accredited Bodies ----CompetitionCompetitionCompetitionCompetition

• Current Arrangements permit potential additional accredited bodies

• UK packaging waste experience has demonstrated that additional competition has generally had a positive impact / delivered business benefits

• It may be premature to take any decisions on accrediting additional bodies until existing system performance can be properly validated

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Ministry CapacityMinistry CapacityMinistry CapacityMinistry Capacity

• It is readily apparent from discussions with Ministry staff that staffing levels and hence capacity is relatively low compared to those normally found in the UK and EU. Review of staffing levels is also urgently required to avoid legal challenge This is however not unusual in the capacity building stage.

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Key Key Key Key Policy Policy Policy Policy IIIInstruments to Enhance Packaging nstruments to Enhance Packaging nstruments to Enhance Packaging nstruments to Enhance Packaging PPPPerformance erformance erformance erformance

• Environmental levies on landfilling & incineration of waste

• Landfill & incineration bans (legal instruments)

• No more landfill of biodegradable household waste

• Incineration ban for all waste fractions subject to a separate collection

• Pay as You Throw (PAYT) (economic instrument)

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• A robust packaging waste data system be established in order to make strategic Packaging system / market decisions

• Additional Ministry and Municipality Capacity is required - review staffing levels urgently to avoid legal challenge on free rider’s issue – additional Ministry Human Resources will be required to achieve further implementation and desired outcomes

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• Free Riders - Establish a problem resolution group to review the existing system and develop an action/ resourcing plan including desired outcomes / targets to capture free riders. Uk experience is to identify non-compliant producers / importers issue warning letters followed up by staff visits to carefully targeted sectors highlighting obligations / consequences

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Amendment of Packaging Waste Law in Israel

• Key recommendation – review of packaging waste legislation with a view to better defining key concepts to provide the clarity of approach required for industry, accredited body producers and Ministry and Municipality Staff

• Exports -Israel review current policy in light of EU experience with a view to setting criteria for additional exports to increase Resource Efficiency objectives and recovery/recycling

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Waste Tyres

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• EPR Tyres Law - Overall Target 85% (includes lorries, tractors etc.)

• Currently 55kTPA of waste tyres (2014), of which 34kTPA (73%) is recycled

• 30% of the 85% target has to come from new cars

• One tyre producer in Israel plus 84 brands imported

• Minimum tread depth in Israel is 2mm.

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Tyre Recycling Finance and TreatmentTyre Recycling Finance and TreatmentTyre Recycling Finance and TreatmentTyre Recycling Finance and Treatment

• Importers pay 800 ILS per Tonne (not fixed – market forces) to recycling factory

• Fine for missing target is 2380 ILS per Tonne

• There are 4 tyre recycling factories – 2 not operating due to tyres being shredded and exported to Vietnam for dumping. This approach is not legal, so importers can not use the plants.

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Tyre Compositional AnalysisTyre Compositional AnalysisTyre Compositional AnalysisTyre Compositional Analysis

• Rubber 70%

• Steel 15%

• Textile 15% (nylon, polyester & rubber compounds)

• Post shredding, textiles are removed by suction and steel by overband magnets

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Current Use of Shredded TyresCurrent Use of Shredded TyresCurrent Use of Shredded TyresCurrent Use of Shredded Tyres

• Fuel Replacement (75%)

• Playground Protection & Street Furniture (12%) – including export

• Unsold textiles are landfilled

• Export banned for dumping but allowed for recovery/recycling

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RecommendationsRecommendationsRecommendationsRecommendations• The 2 Nesher plants produce over 6mTPA of

cement and this would require about 3mTPA of coal to produce. Other replacement fuels are available, but it is very likely that sufficient capacity exists to take all of the shredded tyres in Israel

• Ensure strict emission control at cement kilns as part of process

• Develop other markets if appropriate (e.g. road surfacing). Unsold textiles could be used as fuel

• All steel should also be recycled locally if possible

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EU Waste Directive

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SummarySummarySummarySummary

• The new Strategy places a renewed emphasis on the Waste Hierarchy and moves the emphasis of waste management in Europe from resource management (with landfill diversion as the key driver) to resource efficiency i.e. using resources in the most effective way while minimising the impact of their use on the environment.

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SummarySummarySummarySummary

• The Strategy highlights a number of policy and legislative proposals of which the most significant for local authorities are:

• The development of a new recycling target for local authority collected municipal waste;

• The development of a Waste Prevention Programme;

• The introduction of a landfill restriction on food waste – population density and affordability

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• It is understood that a full presentation on this subject has been delivered to a previous Waste Management Course

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Classification of Organic Waste Treatment Plants and Use of Products

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Wet Anaerobic DigestionWet Anaerobic DigestionWet Anaerobic DigestionWet Anaerobic Digestion

• When dry matter (DM) concentrations are below 15% the process is described as wet. A wet digester will typically process a slurry of around 10% DM which has the consistency of thin soup and must be constantly stirred to prevent suspended solids from precipitating. Stirring is usually either mechanical in which case a rotating paddle is the preferred method, or gas, in which case the biogas given off is redirected through the substrate to ensure stirring. Wet digesters are nearly always constant flow digesters

• Wet digesters are ideally suited to the processing of low DM feedstock such as farm slurries and source separated food wastes

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Dry Anaerobic DigestionDry Anaerobic DigestionDry Anaerobic DigestionDry Anaerobic Digestion

• The material processed during dry AD is normally around 25 – 30% DM and has the consistency of thick porridge. In constant flow digesters this must always be mechanically stirred, not only to prevent settling and unequal pocketing, but also to assist the flow of the material through the reactor.

• Dry digesters are ideally suited to high DM feedstock such as energy crops, garden wastes and mechanically recovered municipal wastes in MBT plants.

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AD Plants in Europe AD Plants in Europe AD Plants in Europe AD Plants in Europe –––– Current SituationCurrent SituationCurrent SituationCurrent Situation

• Approximately 250 plants with a capacity of almost 8 million ton of organics treatment capacity

• Anaerobic digestion is already taking care of about 25 % of the biological treatment in Europe - which is estimated at around 20 % of all municipal solid waste disposal in Europe.

• Countries having the largest capacity installed are Germany with about 2 million tonnes of annual capacity, and Spain with 1.6 million tons

• Netherlands and Switzerland are the highest in installed per capita annual capacity of approximately 50,000 tonnes per million people

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In Vessel CompostingIn Vessel CompostingIn Vessel CompostingIn Vessel Composting

• A 28-day batch average cycle time is more than 50% less than traditional aerobic compost processes. It includes the active composting process as well as the aeration and circulation system to expedite pathogen kill and control odours

• The finished product meets all Process to Further Reduce Pathogens (PFRP) requirements and is technically classified as finished compost

• Plants require a smaller footprint than traditional systems because there is no requirement for product maturation in windrows. This creates opportunities for comprehensive urban applications as well as lower infrastructure and operating costs

• All odour issues are addressed during the 28-day process

• The material produced at the end of the process contains the lowest moisture content of any available system and produces premium grade, mature compost

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Typical aims of MBT plants include the Diversion Typical aims of MBT plants include the Diversion Typical aims of MBT plants include the Diversion Typical aims of MBT plants include the Diversion of biodegradable MSW going to landfill of biodegradable MSW going to landfill of biodegradable MSW going to landfill of biodegradable MSW going to landfill

• Reducing the dry mass of BMW prior to landfill;

• Reducing the biodegradability of BMW prior to landfill;

• Stabilisation into a compost-like output (CLO)

• Conversion into a combustible biogas for energy recovery; and/or

• Drying materials to produce a high calorific organic rich fraction for use as RDF.

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Materials Recovered for EnergyMaterials Recovered for EnergyMaterials Recovered for EnergyMaterials Recovered for Energy

• It may well be a better option to sort the waste into a Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) – containing significant proportions of the available combustible materials such as mixed paper, plastics

• Potential Outlets for RDF

• 1. Industrial intensive users for power, heat or both (Combined Heat and Power, CHP).

• 2. Cement kilns.

• 3. Purpose built incinerators

• 4. Co-firing with coal at power stations.

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Composting - complying with the Quality Protocol - PAS100

• Quality compost from source-segregated biodegradable waste will not be regarded as waste provided it:

• Has been produced using only those source-segregated input materials

• Meets the requirements of an approved standard for use in the market PAS 100

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AD Complying with the Quality Protocol -PAS 110

• Has been produced using only those source segregated input materials

• Meets the requirements of an approved standard (BSI PAS 110).;

• Quality digestate must not be used in such a way as to adversely affect human health or the environment

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The purpose of the Quality Protocol

The Quality Protocol has 3 main purposes:

• Clarifying the point at which waste management controls are no longer required

• Providing users with confidence that the quality compost from source-segregated biodegradable waste

• Protecting human health and preventing pollution of the environment (including soil)

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Use of Compost-Like Outputs (CLO)• The processing of mechanically separated organics can produce partially/fully stabilised and sanitised CLO.

• The potential applications of these outputs are dependent upon their quality and legislative / market conditions.

• CLO and digestate has the potential to be used as a source of organic matter to improve certain low quality soils, e.g. in the restoration of brown field sites, or for landfill cap restoration.

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PolicyPolicyPolicyPolicy

• EU Proposal to restrict and ultimately ban Organic waste from landfill – 2025

• Objectives of both new WFD and Resource Efficient ( RE) Road Map

• Key drivers are climate change and RE carbon benefits, particularly on food waste

• Currently Key EU waste Initiatives

• UK along with Many other EU member states have banned food waste from landfill

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• Wherever possible, organic wastes should be separated at source

• Strategic infrastructure should be developed to treat organic wastes

• Options for CLO from mixed waste must be managed strategically

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• Consider adopting Quality protocol approach to both compost and Anaerobic digestate

• Carry out a CLO policy review to establish extent of appropriate use of outputs

• When considering size and location of treatment plants, review options for synergy with industrial, agricultural, water (and waste water) treatment wastes

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Landfill Cover

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Soil Daily CoverSoil Daily CoverSoil Daily CoverSoil Daily Cover

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Compost and Compost and Compost and Compost and BiocoversBiocoversBiocoversBiocovers

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Intermediate Cover Intermediate Cover Intermediate Cover Intermediate Cover –––– Leachate ReductionLeachate ReductionLeachate ReductionLeachate Reduction

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Biodegradable Plastic Daily CoverBiodegradable Plastic Daily CoverBiodegradable Plastic Daily CoverBiodegradable Plastic Daily Cover

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Waste Paper Daily CoverWaste Paper Daily CoverWaste Paper Daily CoverWaste Paper Daily Cover

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Removable Waterproof Canvas SheetsRemovable Waterproof Canvas SheetsRemovable Waterproof Canvas SheetsRemovable Waterproof Canvas Sheets

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Photovoltaic CoversPhotovoltaic CoversPhotovoltaic CoversPhotovoltaic Covers

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Closure and AftercareClosure and AftercareClosure and AftercareClosure and Aftercare

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Closure and AftercareClosure and AftercareClosure and AftercareClosure and Aftercare

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Leachate Treatment

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Engineered LandfillEngineered LandfillEngineered LandfillEngineered Landfill

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Landfill Prices in the United Kingdom (in ILS)Landfill Prices in the United Kingdom (in ILS)Landfill Prices in the United Kingdom (in ILS)Landfill Prices in the United Kingdom (in ILS)

• Active Waste Tipping Fee 100/Tonne

• Inactive Waste Tipping Fee 25/Tonne

• Active Waste Levy 400/Tonne

• Inactive Waste Levy 14/Tonne

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Compositional Change With Landfill AgeCompositional Change With Landfill AgeCompositional Change With Landfill AgeCompositional Change With Landfill Age

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Proven TechnologiesProven TechnologiesProven TechnologiesProven Technologies

• Recirculation

• Evaporation

• Biological Treatment

• Constructed Wetland

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RecirculationRecirculationRecirculationRecirculation

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RecirculationRecirculationRecirculationRecirculation

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Engineered Evaporation SystemsEngineered Evaporation SystemsEngineered Evaporation SystemsEngineered Evaporation Systems

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Evaporation PondsEvaporation PondsEvaporation PondsEvaporation Ponds

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Benefits of Recirculation & EvaporatioBenefits of Recirculation & EvaporatioBenefits of Recirculation & EvaporatioBenefits of Recirculation & Evaporationnnn

• Leachate volume reduction

• Accelerated waste degradation

• Improved gas yield

• Reduced treatment cost

• Reduction or removal of transportation costs

• Reduced aftercare timescale

• Evaporation can lead to odour and aerosol problems

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Biological Treatment Biological Treatment Biological Treatment Biological Treatment –––– Heterotrophic & NitrifyingHeterotrophic & NitrifyingHeterotrophic & NitrifyingHeterotrophic & Nitrifying

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Sequencing Batch ReactorSequencing Batch ReactorSequencing Batch ReactorSequencing Batch Reactor

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Constructed WetlandConstructed WetlandConstructed WetlandConstructed Wetland

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Developing Technologies for Leachate TreatmentDeveloping Technologies for Leachate TreatmentDeveloping Technologies for Leachate TreatmentDeveloping Technologies for Leachate Treatment

• Electro-Coagulation

• Membrane Filtration

• Reverse Osmosis

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Relative Treatment CostsRelative Treatment CostsRelative Treatment CostsRelative Treatment Costs

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Evaporation

Recirculation

Reedbed

Biological

Transport & WWTW

Average Treatment Costs

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Relative Treatment Plant FootprintsRelative Treatment Plant FootprintsRelative Treatment Plant FootprintsRelative Treatment Plant Footprints

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Recirculation

Evaporation

Transport & WWTW

Biological

Reedbed

Average Footprint

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PostPostPostPost----Treatment Discharge OptionsTreatment Discharge OptionsTreatment Discharge OptionsTreatment Discharge Options

• Waste Water Treatment Plant

• Open Watercourse

• Marine Discharge

• Recirculation

• Evaporation

• Agriculture

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• If legally permissible, recirculation is the cheapest option with no land requirement. As such, it should be considered as a viable alternative to current practices.

• If on-site treatment is the preferred option, then SBR and reedbeds (constructed on the completed cells) could provide a clean effluent which may be suitable for agricultural use.

• Utilise cropped reeds as a fuel

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Regulator’s Regulator’s Regulator’s Regulator’s PerspectivePerspectivePerspectivePerspective

Leachate Key Issues

• Containment & Compliance

• Risk

• Operator Ability / Skills

• Levels within in the landfill

• Noise

• Treatment capacity

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Waste Strategy in Israel

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Waste Management StrategyWaste Management StrategyWaste Management StrategyWaste Management Strategy

• Key Policy Issue in Israel – Lack of a detailed Waste Management Strategy

• Government strategy or plan on waste for the next 10 years

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Waste Management StrategyWaste Management StrategyWaste Management StrategyWaste Management Strategy

• High level technical document setting out government plans for various waste streams preferably containing targets and funding proposals

• To inform the wide variety of stakeholders who all have a part to play in Israel’s waste management systems

• Best practice approach on a variety of fronts

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Key PlayersKey PlayersKey PlayersKey Players

Key stakeholders among others are: -

• Municipalities in terms of Waste Planning

• Private Waste Companies /investors

• Banks / other funding organisations

• Third Sector – Charities and Voluntary groups – in reuse context or providing food that would have been wasted to those in need

• Education Sector

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Waste Waste Waste Waste Management Strategy Key ThemesManagement Strategy Key ThemesManagement Strategy Key ThemesManagement Strategy Key Themes

• accepts that waste should be treated as a resource with a value

• and aims to set a direction towards using that resource more efficiently

• aims to increase the amount of Municipal Solid and Construction and Demolition waste which is recycled.

• last year approximately 50% of household waste was sent for recycling or composting in NI

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Waste Waste Waste Waste Management Strategy Key ThemesManagement Strategy Key ThemesManagement Strategy Key ThemesManagement Strategy Key Themes

• It is not possible to prevent, re-use or recycle all of the waste we produce and the next priority is to extract value from the residual waste in the form of energy or other by-products through the most appropriate technologies.

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Key Policy DriversKey Policy DriversKey Policy DriversKey Policy Drivers

• Resource Efficiency - with landfill diversion as the key driver i.e. using resources in the most effective way while minimising the impact of their use on the environment.

• Climate Change - While climate change is a global issue, it requires action at a number of levels. The management of waste contributes directly to climate change through the emission of Green House Gas from landfill sites and energy use. Overall, waste emissions account for around 3% of the UK’s GHG emissions.

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Key Policy DriversKey Policy DriversKey Policy DriversKey Policy Drivers

• The Green Economy – Creates sustainable jobs and creates business growth

Strategy Review

• Strategy development is a continuous process –with regular review of performance against the aims and targets

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NI Waste Management Strategy Key TargetsNI Waste Management Strategy Key TargetsNI Waste Management Strategy Key TargetsNI Waste Management Strategy Key Targets

Construction & Demolition Waste Recycling

• Target: To achieve a recovery rate of 70% for all Construction and Demolition waste by 2020

Municipal Waste Recycling

• Target: To achieve a recycling rate of 50% of Household waste by 2020.

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Behavioural Change Behavioural Change Behavioural Change Behavioural Change

• the positive reaction there has been in NI to the recent introduction of the carrier bag levy –reduction by 80% provides evidence that, given clear leadership, the public understands the need for resource efficiency and is prepared to play its part.

• Effective behavioural change towards waste prevention and increased recycling requires a concerted strategic effort

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Delivery / ImplementationDelivery / ImplementationDelivery / ImplementationDelivery / Implementation

• Successful delivery of the aims, actions and targets set out in this Strategy require the support, commitment and engagement of all key stakeholders including the Ministry, other Ministries and the Municipal sector

• A key aspect of delivery will be through the Municipality Waste Management Plans prepared by the three regional Waste Management Groups. Municipalities develop plans that aim to deliver Waste Management Strategy aims and objectives

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Delivery / ImplementationDelivery / ImplementationDelivery / ImplementationDelivery / Implementation

• Municipality Waste Management Plans will include a specific provision for the management of all waste streams

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FundingFundingFundingFunding

• Key aspect of any strategy is Ministry setting out Funding arrangements: -

• The NI Rethink Waste Fund of 50 million NIS was used to provide grants to Municipalities for projects aimed primarily at diverting municipal and household waste from landfill, and increasing recycling rates.

• The NI Rethink Waste Fund provides both Capital and Revenue grant funds.

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FundingFundingFundingFunding

• Ni Ministry of Enterprise also provides a complementary resource efficiency fund of 62 Million NIS of such is the value of the sector to NI economy.

Economic Benefits

• potential to contribute to the green economy by creating jobs in the waste sector and beyond is clear and the drive towards a better resource use will maximise those opportunities

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Economic BenefitsEconomic BenefitsEconomic BenefitsEconomic Benefits

• waste management is widely recognised as one of the fastest growing segments of the environmental industries sector

• significant new opportunities for economic development and job creation will result from the implementation of a waste strategy in Israel

• the UK’s waste management industry has a total annual turnover of 50 billion NIS. There are 70,000 people employed in the sector across 3,000 companies.

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Benefits of Having a Waste Management Benefits of Having a Waste Management Benefits of Having a Waste Management Benefits of Having a Waste Management StrategyStrategyStrategyStrategy

• Ministry Benefits: –

• Have long term plan in place,

• Funding arrangements in place,

• Providing certainty to stakeholders and successive administrations – including banks / other lending organisations and waste industry investors

• Ministry can adopt elements of EU / OECD best practice as appropriate when developing a strategy

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Ministry Ministry Ministry Ministry BenefitsBenefitsBenefitsBenefits

• While the overall costs of waste management will increase along with standards, the benefits of improved waste management will far outweigh these costs.

• Municipality Benefits: –

• Waste planning - clarity of longer term objectives and funding

• Long term plan in place to enable secure investment in services

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Municipality Municipality Municipality Municipality BenefitsBenefitsBenefitsBenefits

• Private sector will enter contracts with more certainty and less risk / cost

• Opportunity for regional economies of scale in collaboration with other authorities - can be established to ensure that increases in capital and operating costs associated with meeting environmental standards for waste disposal are minimised

• Certainty for the citizen in terms of services / obligations

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Summary Report to the Ministry of Environmental Protection Director General Regarding Waste

Management Options and a Review of the Current Public Private Partnership Tender

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The Director General for the Ministry of Environmental Protection (Mr. Yisrael Dancziger) has requested that a review be undertaken by the above independent Twinning resource to examine current waste management policy decisions, the documentation underpinning this policy and also to assess whether the current Public Private Partnership (PPP) tender could fit into any recommendations resulting from this report.

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• A national Waste Management Strategy should be developed, adopted and implemented as a matter of urgency

• The current PPP tender exercise should continue in order to develop (a) national recovery infrastructure and (b) private sector confidence in MoEP’s capacity to deliver on strategy (subject to affordability at final bid stage)

• Future national (and local) waste treatment infrastructure should be assessed via a suitable methodology (such as Best Practicable Environmental Option) to ensure deliverability and compliance with policy

• Landfill Taxation should be reviewed as a matter of National Policy

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• The development of a suitable mix of technologies, including modular techniques, should be promoted and implemented to minimise obsolescence risk and ensure policy delivery

• The responsibility and capacity of local government institutions should be reviewed with a view to forming localised groupings of municipalities for the planning, procurement and management of local waste management contracts, as well the reporting of associated data

• Consideration should be given to the development and funding of a Study Tour for relevant Officers (and Elected Members if appropriate) to review Best Practice in the above matters as demonstrated in Northern Ireland

Recommendations Summary municipal waste...

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