WEL-COME

PRESENTATION ON

“RECOMBINANTVACCINES”

PRESENTED BY - AAYASHA HASANB.Sc IISUPERVISED BY-

Dr. J.B. CHAWLA

WHO Top Priorities

PLAGUE

TUBERCULOSIS

TYPHUS

CHOLERA

INFLUENZA

YELLOW FEVER

MALARIA

PANDEMICS AND

NOTABLE EPIDEMICS THROUGH HISTORY

PLAGUE Europe's population dropped by around 50% between 550 and 700 A.D.

TYPHUS During World War I, typhus epidemics killed over 150,000 in Serbia.

SMALLPOX Killed around 400,000 Europeans per year during the end of the 18th century.

MALARIA Each year, there are approximately 350–500 million cases of malaria.

TUBERCULOSIS Annually, 8 million people become ill with tuberculosis, and 2 million people die from the disease worldwide.

Cholera epidemic

More than 20,000 pilgrims died of cholera during the

1907–08 in Mecca.

Influenza epidemicOctober 1918, Influenza virus infected about one-third of the

world‘s population.

METHODS TO CONTROL THE DISEASES

Destruction of the source

Blocking the modes of transmission

Protecting the susceptible host

Most effective way is to produce

vaccination

Any antigenic preparation which stimulates host immune system to form antibodies or T-Cells against it and which will protect the host against future infections is known as vaccines.

Cost effective Effective after a single doseApplicable to number of diseasesAdministered by a oral routeCould be given early in life

1ST GENERATION VACCINEWhole cells/virus particles.

E.g.:-B.C.G; polio drops etc.

2ND GENERATION VACCINE Antigenic components of the organism.

E.g.:-Tetanus toxoid;Hepatitis B virus vaccine; Pneumococcal vaccine(contains capsular polysaccharide).

3RD GENERATION VACCINEPlasmids/genes responsible for the antigen formation.

E.g.:-DNA Vaccine.

3 CATEGORIES OF VACCINES

DRAWBACKS OF TRADITIONAL VACCINES

Not possible for organisms which are difficult to cultivate.

Yield of vaccine is low.

Large number of antigens stimulate immune system which is not desirable.

Danger of reverting back to pathogenic state.

SUBUNIT VACCINE

DNA VACCINE

CONJUGATE VACCINE

EDIBLE VACCINE

Recombinant vaccines is having the potential to give safe and more effective vaccines

TYPES

These vaccines contain proteins or peptides from pathogenic organisms prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

CONJUGATE VACCINEThe vaccine is prepared by conjugating the surface polysaccharides of Hib to a protein molecule.

Viral geneExpression

plasmid

Plasmid with foreign gene

DNA vaccines

Bacterial cell

Plasmid with foreign gene introduced into a suitable bacterial cell

Plasmid DNA gets Amplified

Plasmid DNA carrying Viral gene Purified from the bacterial cells

DNA VACCINE

The gene from the pathogen(viral gene) gets expressed by the host cells and antigen molecules formed stimulate both cellular and humoral immunity in the host.

Plasmid DNA with viral gene

Antigenic Protein

DNA vaccines induce both humoral and cell mediated immunity.

DNA vaccines cause prolonged expression of the antigens,thus leads to longer protection.

Refrigeration of DNA vaccine is not required which greatly lowers the cost and reduces complexity of delivery.

Advantages of the DNA vaccines

Only proteins antigens can be encodedVaccines where polysaccharide antigens are to

be used (such as in pneumococcal or meningococcal vaccines)

could not be made.

Limitations of the DNA vaccines

Present Scenerio

Human trials are underway with several DNA vaccines

AIDSInfluenza

EbolaHerpes virus

Malaria

A vaccine in which an antigenic protein is

engineered into an edible plant;

after ingestion, the protein stimulates the

immune system of the host.

EDIBLE VACCINE

Edible vaccines are currently being studied in

plants such as potato, tomato, banana, corn, lupine, lettuce

and others so that children could simply eat a vegetable

or fruit and have immunity to a disease.

Shoud I take Injection Or

Should I Eat Banana?

CHOICE IS YOURS

Recombinant vaccines are in pipeline for

Cancer Filaria

DiarrhoeaAIDS

InfluenzaEbola

HerpesMalaria

Near Future possibilities

THANKS TO ALL!!!

THE END….ANY QUERIES… … … …