Recipe For War
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Transcript of Recipe For War
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imperialism
Domination by one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country
or region
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economic rivalries
Many countries, especially Great
Britain, felt threatened by Germany’s growing
economy.
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alliancesFear & distrust led to
complicated agreements between
various nations.
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arms race
The Great Powers increase their armies
and navies in response to increasing international tensions.
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nationalism
• Feeling of pride & devotion in one’s
country
• Can be good or bad
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militarism
•Glorification of the military
•“Might makes right”
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28 June 1914
Austria-Hungary
(1)
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Gavrilo Princip, a Bosnian Serb assassinates
Archduke Franz Ferdinand of
Austria-Hungary.
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6 July 1914
Germany
(2)
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“Blank Check”
Germany offers total support to
Austria-Hungary
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23 July 1914
Austria-Hungary
(3)
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Gives Serbia an ultimatum
Purposely designed to be refused by Serbia, to create a pretext for war.
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Hand over conspirators, allow investigation by
Austro-Hungarian officials, & cease all propaganda
directed against the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
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24 July 1914
Serbia
(4)
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Requests assistance from the Russian
Empire.
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25 July 1914
Serbia
(5)
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Agrees to most demands of Austro-
Hungarian ultimatum, except those limiting its
sovereignty.
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26 July 1914
Russia
(6)
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Promises help for Serbia if attacked
by Austria-Hungary.
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28 July 1914
Austria-Hungary
(7)
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Declares war on Serbia
Why did it take a full month?
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31 July 1914
Russia
(8)
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Mobilizes armed forces in support of Serbia by sending
troops to its borders with Germany and Austria-Hungary.
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31 July 1914
Germany
(9)
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Ultimatum to France
• Demands neutrality in a German war with Russia
• Germany gains control of border forts,
including Verdun
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1 August 1914
Germany
(10)
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Uses Russian mobilization as
excuse to mobilize and declare war on
Russia
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2 August 1914
Germany
(11)
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Demands Belgian neutrality & right of passage to invade
France
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2 August 1914
Italy
(12)
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Declares that it does not intend to honor its
Triple Alliance obligations and will
remain neutral.
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3 August 1914
Belgium
(13)
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Refusal of free passage for German
troops.
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3 August 1914
Germany
(14)
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Declares war on France.
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4 August 1914
Germany
(15)
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Invades Belgium as part of the Schlieffen
Plan.
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4 August 1914
Great Britain
(16)
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Declares war on Germany under
pretext of protecting Belgium neutrality.
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5 August 1914
Austria-Hungary
(17)
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Declares war on Russia.
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10 August 1914
France
(18)
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Declares war on Austria-Hungary.
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12 August 1914
Great Britain
(19)
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Declares war on Austria-Hungary.
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14 August 1914
France
(20)
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Invades German occupied Lorraine, hoping to redeem this “lost territory”.
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The Schlieffen Plan
Designed to prevent a two-front war, against both France & Russia.
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The Schlieffen Plan
• First developed in 1905.
• Defeat France in 6 weeks before Russian
mobilization.
• Problems?
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Plan XVII
French prewar military plan for invasion of
Germany to recover the “lost provinces” of Alsace & Lorraine.
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Demonstrate to Russia the good faith of France
as an ally through immediate offensive
operations.
Plan XVII
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Battle of the Frontiers
• 14 Aug to 6 Sep 1914
• French invasion of Lorraine to the Battle of
the Marne
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Marks the period where both the
Schlieffen Plan & Plan XVII were being
conducted.
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Battle of the Marne
• 5-12 September 1914
• French counterattack on the outskirts of Paris.
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• Halted the German advance and doomed the Schlieffen Plan.
• Start of “trench warfare”
Battle of the Marne
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Race to The Sea
• Sept-Nov 1914
• Neither side trying to reach sea first.
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Each failed attempt to flank the other’s forces
extended the trench lines further towards the English Channel.
Race to The Sea
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Stalemate
• Neither side can advance.
• Parallel trench lines running from the English Channel to Switzerland.
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“Cult of Offensive”
vs.
“Primacy of Defense.”