·. '

. ~· .. ;...._ ...

' ..

~·

...

\

Reciived By CHARLES GILMAN JiiY~If

Referred IB

ltttende~ to by

" " wh~ F1l1! under

~.-'In ;wtred

A ? ... 220RT Ul?ON

AH INVESTIGATION OF PU::PIN·1 c::--:JITIOUS

AJID RF.St.'LTS OF TESTS Or.' PERFOPJZAlTCE OF

THE ALBERGER- CURnS S'ilF~: TURBI:JE c:;;;:~TF.IF'UGAL PU1/:PIEG UliTT

IN TID; CITY WATEP. '''ORES PUPPING STATION

SACRAM.E:FTO, C.ALIFOR:IIA.

J"lll'iE 29' 1915.

• ,

; .

#

,

- -~----- - ~~

Department ot Engineer1:ng

Ottioe ot Oit; E1JB1nee

Sacramento, oa11torn1a.

0

A DPQRT llrQI

~ IlfQSTIGJ!IO!T OF P•mG OO:RJ>ITION8

Am> RESULTS Ql HaTS OF PERFORJf.A.IOE Ql

"

2:11 ALBER<JER-CUR!IS STEAM-!OOR:BntE OEFJ!RIFUGAL PUMPING UNIT

m THE QRI WJ.TER ~ Pt1l!PING SU!IO!f

SA.QRAliEE!O, C.AJ.UORlUA.

r I

-·-----V/' CL; ,,,

l': :''/- . ,., .

I, . ,. :·( .. r. __ , . I

-I i .

I ' ·-- i, ? ' "'.;

'----~-,~,,

------- ---

b7

Frank C. K1ller • Oity Engineer

Char lea Clll.maa @Pf, Qeo:rge H. W1l.h811m1

Conamlting E~naera~

J1UI8 29, 1915.

r·'"

GENERAL TABLE OF CONTEl-."TS

Report upon Investigation of ~ing Conditions aDl Besul ts ot Testa ot Performance of The Alberger-~ilrtia Steam Turbine Centri~al Pumping Unit 1n the Oity Water Works Pumping Station, Sacramento. California, June 29,1925

Pages

by B3de, Wilhelm and Miller • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1 - 87

Newspaper Clippings :re Pump Test am Results • • • • •

Specifications for the FurniSh~ au!. Installing of a 450 H.P. Turbine Pumping Unit for the City of Sacramento, PP• 1-2, 31-43 - by

• 88 - 89

A. Givan, City EJcineer • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 90 -104

Offer of c. F. Braun a:rxl co., San Francisco, California, dated July 15, 1913, 1n re~onse to request f~ bids • • • • • • • •

Letters re Manufacturer's Test ',,: o (;Jurvea, from C. F. Brann and Co. • • • •• • • • ••••

••••• 105 - 107

• • • • 108 - 110

Blue Print - Oharacteriat1c Currea of 16-inch Single Stage Double SUC\1011 ~ine Pump, Alberger Pump and Oont8D881- co., New York • • • • • • lll

Data (original) of Test ot Alberger - Curt is Steam Turbine Centri:agal Pamping Unit, on April 16, 1915 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 112 - 140

Study of Data of Test of April 16, 1915 • • • • • • • • 141 - 146

Data (ord~inal) of Teat of Alberger - C.urtis Steam l'urbine Centritaga.l Pumping Unit, on~ 3, 1915 •••••••••••••• • • • • 147 - 225

Study Of Test Of May 3, 1915 • • • • • • • • • • • • • 226 - 245

Blue :trint - Plan of suction Mains, Sacramento Water Works Pumping Stat ion • • • • • • • 246

Profile of Snow SUction Pipe, sacramento Water WorkS Pumping Station •••••••••••••• 247

. Miscellaneous Correspondence, April 7, 1915 July 6, 1915 • • • • • • 248 - 267

!ULE or oo:tr.rER!s.

-o--

Pages

Letter of !laasmi ttal. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1

RBPOJ.tf

,...__,&1 Ooatclen.tiog al f!g.lll!l C..Ut1ons-- ---- -- 2-10 Oapaol \v ot P'c:u19bag E12B1•• aA h-.,..t Water OOJliiUII'tlcm - 2

!&1Jle llo. 1 - O&paolttta.. of hl8p1:ag Eraglnat - - - - - - 2 '.!!able Bo. 2 - stat1a\1u ot water. Oon~~U~ptlon, 191Q-l914 3

su.et1011 Lltt - .... ~ - .... ~ -- - ..... - - -.- ... -- - ... .. .. .. ' !able Bo. 3 p S'at1a1toa et suction P1p~ LlDel - - - - 6 !able ll'o. 4 ...; Lose of Keacl la Jlell.J' ·ad Allie aa.cttoa

:Pipe ••t• - - .;. - -- -- 7 '.!!able wo. IS - lfet Water Lift at V&z-10111 Rlwr St8881 - 7 J)1agr811l Bo. 1 - Loaa ot Kea4 ln llollJ am .All1a Saotla

Pipe Syat•-- ---- - -- 9 steam :Prea~~Ure Oondltlou - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10

'la'W.re and OOJUllUou ot oeavaot aa4 a,eoitioationa tor Pam,ply ll!!U..- - - - 10-14

Date 8Zld Bature ot OcmU.Ot - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10 001141 tio:u of Oont-.ot - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 11 Stipulations ln Speoitioatl... - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 12

.._.al Deaoript ion ot Pwa.PlDB um t 1114 .Aul11ar1•• - - - - - - - 14-24 · Bleaellta .- - ... - - - -- - .. ... .. - ... .- - - .. - - .. ... - .. ... - - 14

IIIIa PaiiiJI.Dg 11D1 t - - - .. - - • - ... .. ... ... - .. .. .. - - - .. - 14 Sartaoe 00114&181' - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 16 :PlJ8 1\JBt .. &J14 Te3.ftJ - • - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 17 r...latl... • - ~ - ~ ~ - ~ ... - - - .. - - - - .. - ~ - - - ~ 18 _._._,_ 8aiiP .. - ... - - - .. - - ..... - .. .. - - ....... - - - - .., 18

...,_ • .._ Ooat et tJ:alt at1. .1~• - - - - - - - - - - - - 18 Jllno:r,. tf Jboeoticm aa4 ~t1on ot P"amp1J18 Unit - - - - - 19 l'heto~• .. - ~ ... - ... .. - .... - .. - - .......... - - ..... - - - U

.,_tptioa ot 'feats ot P!JDR1!!J Unl' - - - - - - - - - - - - -- 24-34 ktea at OoDdlti oae ot !8-'ta - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 24 seo,e ot !eat• .. - .......... -- ... - ... - .. - .. - - ... - -- ... - 28 Oa.t11ue ot !eata - .. - - -- - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - 26

:~; Dt••I.Jt'lon et, ••eel• tf e-.na111tn • - - - - - - - - - - 27 · · 0oU1J19tloa ot 011 h.e1 - - - - - - - - - ... - - - - - - 27 ._ .... :.=•r'* ... J.a.~tttn•.~-------- ... ----- 21

':''ett;:w ... i~llllf"IM,.II~-W. - - - - - - - ... - - 28 at ... Pl'e ..... ,- - - - ... ;,;.; - - • - - - - - - - - - - - 28 ,.._tasvtaoeo.,.,....:r-------------- 29 Qaa111t.v ot Steem - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 29 S,peecl ot '.l!ul"b1• - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 29 Help~ til Sllotion Lltt - ... - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 29 D1 ~- PreaMD"n - - - - - - - - ..: - - - - - - - - - 30 Vol._ ot Water P\1JI9M - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 31 ~ra~l -- ... -----------------.- 33 llr-tno Prea..re--- ..... --- ................... - .. - 33

II

Desoriptioll;, of Teets of l?u.D!>i:ng Unit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -U - 34 Obaernra - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 33

Representatives of Contractor - - - - - - - - - - - - 33 Representatives of Oity of sacramento - - - - - - - - 33 Duties of Observers - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 33

DlsOtlssion of Results of Test of :May 3, 1915 - - - - - - - - -­Pumping Capacity under Various Conditions- - ~st-- - -

Table No, 6 - Capacity of Unit Under Sta.tedfConditions steam Eoonom.v under Various Conditions - - - - - - - - - -

Table No, 7 - Performance of Unit as Respects steam Consumption under Stated Test Conditions - -­

Duty of Ptuz4>1ng Un1 t - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Table No. 8 - Duty of Unit under stated Test Conditions

Complete Sammary of Test Conditions and Results of Teat of May 3 - - - - - - - -

Diatz'ama Showing Teat Conditions and Performance of Pumping Unit - - -­

'!able No. 9 - summary of Data and Results or Test pt May 3 - - - - - - - -

Diagram No. 2 - Principal Teat Conditions and Features ot Performance ot Centrifugal Pumping UDit during ~st of Ma.Y 3 - - - - - - - - - - - -

Diagram No. 3 - Ohart Indicating Wa.ter Pressurea. April 16, 1915 - - - - - - - -

Diagram No. 4 • Ohut Indicating i''!a.ter Pressures_, May 3, 1915 - - - - - - - - - -

Diagram No. 5 - Chart Indicating Sieam Pressures, Mas 3, 1915 - - - - - - - - - - - -

Fuel Requirements ot Centrita.gal vs. r:eoiproca.ting Pum_ping Units Fundamental Data - - - - - - - - - - - - - ..: - - - - - - -Oompari10n ot Fuel Requirements - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Exoeas Cost of Fuel Oil with Centrifugal Unit in service -

34-45 34 34 36

36 37 37

38

38

4l

42

43

44

45

46-50 46 46 48

Table No. 10 - Comparison or Fuel Oil con~mption by Daf8 Table No. ll - Comparison of Fuel Oil Consumption by Hours Dia.gralll No. 6 - Compa.ri~:~on of Hourly Rates of Fuel Oil

49 50

Oonsunptton - - - - - - - - - - -Diagram No. ? - OollJ:larison of Hourly Rates ot Fuel Oil

Consumption - - - - - - - - - - -

Sa.Il!nary and Conclusions - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - -­Fundmnental Considerations aJld Pun:!Ping CoJldi tioaa - - - - -Nature and Conditiona ot contract and Speoit1oationa - - -General Description ot Pumping Unit and ~l1ar1ea - - - -Description of Tests ot Pamping Unit - - - -- - - - - - -D1a0tlsa1on of Results ot. Test ot May 3, 1915 - - - - - - -Fuel Requirenw:mts of CentrU'tlgeJ. vs,. Reciprooa.ti:ng Pumping

Units - - - - - -Conclusions - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

.AiPEEDICES

I Principal Oonditio:s of Contract and Speoifioations tor

51

52

!53-61 53 54 56 56 57

59 60

Ste~TUrbine Centrifugal Pumping Unit - - - - - - - - - 62

,.,

-2-

RBPOR!

J'\JDdamental Oonaideratio1'18 and :f1UDD1DB Condlt1ona

O&paoitl ot Pul.pi:ag Eg1nea ar.td Present W&Hl' OOniWI!Ption.

!he .Uberger-Oartia steam-turbine oentr11age.l p1m1pitJg 'IU11t, which 1a

lUlder 111Ded1ate d1acuaa1on in thia report, :baa no1: yet been aooepted b.v the oit.v.

tJDleaa &Jid. 1mtll 111oh acoeptanoe ia had U; ob'Yloual.v oannot be oonaidered to :pull9.iJ18

'be ~t ot the perr&JJilut7 equipraent ot the o1 t1 water works p1.1Jil)iJJg atat1on.

!l!he preeent reg\llar equipment ,r the atation oouiats ot t01ll' pwap-

1118 u1 ta wJ.th rated oapao1tiee as tollowaa-

fable Bo. 1

~AOITIES OF PUJIPING ENGIDS OORS!ITU!ING REGULAlt EQUIPJIEN!

SA.OR.AllENTO WATER WORKS P'OJIPING STA.!IOlf

lame ot PUJit) Date ot Breotion TJ.Pe Rated Capacity • 11111. oaua. per P!f. - ._.....- ---------

Snow Allis Holly Dp

1904" 1895. 1873. 1903.

Trip. Esp. vert. Ol'&Jik: aDA '1'17 Wheel oomp. "' " " " " Qrladra.pl• inol. " " " " Tandem Oomp. XN.plez, Horisontal

Total Nominal capacity • l:

10.0· 5.5-4.5. 2 0" _,_

22.0

• These t1gurea malm no allowanoe for qip which, in the several unite, mel.¥ be . conaerftt1'Y8lJ taJten as tollewaa- Allie and Snow Pumps (with plUDgers and valves in goed coJld1t1a.), B%1 Dow aJid Holl.V Pumps, ~·· On aocount of the gr1tt.v ad turbid. condition of the water aupplf, it ia.Ad1ftlcult matter to maintain 'the pumps ill good condi ticn, the tendency being to griDd down the pluneera and pistons and to wear out the glands, atutt1:ng-bo•s aDd val vas.

It will be aaa. from the table e.bOve tM.t the total actual pwnpiJJg

oapa01ty, attar making due allowance for slip, (88¥ 10%, as an average figare),

" ia about 19.8 million gallons par 24 b.Wra. El::!lept for the ste~bine cen-

trltugal unit under consideration, no add1 tiona have been macle to the equip­

ment at the pumping plant since 1904:

~e conaa.mption ot water in the citu baa been ateacU.ly _advancing tor v

ll&eyJee.ra and has now reached the d:ainmn rate ot at least 22.0 million gallons

-3-

per 24 houra, aa eupplied from this plant. It ia amarent that this Tolume or

water oan ODl.V be 1\trn11hecl b7 operat1Dg all or the regular pampiJl8 equipment

at rat• ccm.alder&bl.J in eueae or ita nominal capac1t7. When the water maina

are extended into the ame:ad territor,, which is now beiDg clone under contract

Ho. 17 (tor the t'Qrniab.i:ag md installing of rinted ateel and. cast iron water

pipe, T&lves, lJ¥druts 8ZI.d other &.P,PlU"teD&D.ces in the streeta, a.lle.va and righta­

Of..Jifl&¥ In the City ot 8a0l11mento), the dema:Dds tor water will be largel.J am

rather lltlddenl.l' increased. That further pumpine equipment is ~pntl7 required

demand& no demonatration. SUch eqa.ipment, howeTer, 1111at be of a proper tJP&

a:aA mat be aapable of ett1o1ent 8ZI.d reliable operation 1Ulder all or the Jbl'aiaal

conditions 1d11ch obtain w1 tb. respect to the paqlbiC atation Nld the requirement a

or pumping. 'xn Tin or these ph.Jaical conditione which pre"V&il at the pwuping

atation, 'the proper tne or pumping equipment should be moat oaretl:llll coneid-

ered before a»v further 1natallat1 ens m-e made.

!he following table P"••"~~• figurea ot water oon8'WJ!>t1on in millicma

of gallons per 24 hoar& for the perio4 1910-1914, inclusiT&, in terms or aTer­

age per ,ear, &Terage tor muimam month, total ror ma:d.mam iJ1J.J and rate per

diJq tor liii.Zimm hour.

Table No. 2.

STATISTICS OF WATER OONSUMPTIOB IN SACR.t\.'llllftO, 19lo-1914.

Dter Oonaumption •• ltill. oallona per Da,y. Year

A.Ter!£! R!£ .!!!!£. A:nr. IsE. !!!· Month .!!!· ~ »az. Hour --19l0 12.'1 .I 16.4.1 19.9"' -1911 12.1" 13.5 ,/ 14.8 y 20.0 .. 1912 12•·?"' 15.1"' 17.0 •. 20.5 ~ 1913 13.6 .I 16.5 ./ 17.'1 v 22.0. 1914 13.4.1 16.0" 17.9" 21.8"'

• 'l'beae figure• are 90% or the total pmnpage as estimated trom the displacement or rated capaoi'tijr or the pumpan•nd thua anow 1~ tor aUp, as a rough aT&r• age correction. It 1a probable that the average slip ot the pamp1Dg station equipment was lm;oger, dur1Dg the early years or the period, thlm the figure ... a:t1IIICl 0

l :

-13-

SWII!ar.[ ~ Ooncluaiona •

......... _.., .. , ............ Oonsiderationa ~ .Pulgp1!lf\ Oondi tiona.

The present regular equipment of the Sacramento City water works :pumpi11g

station ccmprises :four pumping units of various typea, cspacitiea and effie-./

lenciea. The total nominal ce.pa.ci ty o:f the pumps is 22.0 million gallons per ./

tay. The actual working capacity is perhaps 19.8 million: s&llona per :48¥·

!he Al berger-Oa.rtia ateam-turbine centrifUgal pumping unit • Which has been

~der 1Dill8diate consideration in the foregoing report, has a nominal capacity,

under certain restricted conditions, of' 15.~ million gallons per 24 hours.

s PUJ'n.P has not yet been accepted by the city and hence cannot at this date

ooJlsidered to be a part of the regular pumping equipment of the station.

(See pagr"l 2 - 3}.

'!'he consu~tion of water in that portion of the city (JW..mely, the

area included w1 tl.in the limits of the city priot· to 1910) supplied from. the

pumpine station in question has been increasing daring recent years. This in-

crease has been more real thlm apparent beca.us& Wle cond1 tion of the ptunping

engines is undoubtedly muab better to-day than it was several ,years ago and the

"slip" has therefore been reduced significantl1. The maxirJilm rate of use of

water for short periods during the past :five years has pl'Obably been in the

./ neighborhood of' 22.0 million gallons per day. This figure 1B oertailaiy con-

siderably in exaesa or ~e working oapaci ty of the pUJ!l>& conatltll1si:ag the res-

ular pumping station e~ipmant, as noted above. !he maximam Short-period rate •

or use of wateJ.• in the area su.pplied aaema to be about 63% greater than the

average rate. (see page 3).

!he l""est level reached in tecent year a b,v sacr8178nto River waa 2.6

"' reet pn the ga.age. Thie staee ooeurred on Sept. 23, 1913. In each of aeveral

years in the early history of the oi. ty the r1 ver eeaohed the zero mark, at

least, It 1a not sate to aa8tUIV!I that aero stage w1ll not aeain be reached,

I

-54-

and ,_.haps 1n the npt cl1atant future. The center line of the aba.tta ot the /

centrifugal pump1~~g unit has an elevation of 22.8 teet above the sero or the

rive1· gauge. !he puDI)· Ul'i""a its suppl3 or water through the Allis and Boll.J

suction pipe qstem. lf the inevitable losses of head (entrance, velocity,

fr1cti011, at el bon, val vee, etc.) are added to the water lift, the total ea.ct-

ion lift at low atagea of the r1 var beoo:n& s meh greater than the centrifugal

pumping unit can poasib}¥ operate with. Oentrltugal pumps are, as a class,

notabl1 unfit for aervioe under high auction 11ft conditions and those apply1DB

to the present oase are nothing leas than absard and impossible. This whole

matter lul.s reoei 'VOd paint}takir.tg consideration in the foregoing report, with tb8

result that the -'ollov1ing conclusion became unavoidablea- "SUch conditions can

mean OnlJ one thing, tlMlely, that this pumping unit, if accepted by the city9

would be of no valuve Whatever when the river reachea ita lower stagea, or,

" aaq, BJ\VWhere below. 10 teet on the gange, because it could. not then aa:fel3 a:nd

reliably be operated." (See pages 4- 9}.

The steam-turbine centl'ifilgal pumpine ·unit has been designed to oper-v

ate at a pressure or about 125 lba. per sq. in. at the throttle. ':fbis neoess-.;

ltates a pressure ot about 130 lba. per sq. in. at the boilers. The pressul"e

normally carried nt the boilers when the reciprooatiDg pumping engine a, only, .; <'

are in aperation raugea between 115 a.:nd 1.20 lbs. per sq. in. The contract for

the tv.rbine centrif'uge.l unit stipulates t.h.e..t the supply of steElltl shall be in

a dry, saturated oonditivn. (See pagP 10}.

Nature~ Oondi tiona •t Oontraot ~ Specifications for Pull'lpi:ng Unit.

The contract for the pumping unit in question was made ttllder date

of Sept. lS, 1913 with o. F. Braun and Oonpany, constructing mechAnical engineers,

san Francisco. The foundationt'l and ccndeneer sump were to be fUrnished b,y the

city; the ptlq)ing unit and auxiliaries and pdpiDg connections by the contractor.

The contract provided that the unit should be capable:-

I

·~

~

or

-55-

_)

(a) ot pum,p1Dg 10500 aallona per minute (15.100,000. galla. per 24,. hrs.) through a total head (suction+ disCharge) ot l35.feet

.,. "' (b) of puDtJing '1000 gallons per minute (lo.ooo.ooo galle. per 24 :P.:rs.)

through a to1;al head (met ion + disoharse) ot 206-# teet.

The pump1:ng unit was to comprise two centrifugal. pumpa wh10h were to be so de-

signed &nd oroaa-oOJWeoted tl1at they cau.ld be Operated independently or in par­

allel With the capacity noted in (a.} above and ao that 'bh.e,v could be operated

in series or tendem wl th the ca.pacity noted in (b). The ef'f'1olency of' the ~ I

pumps in the firat case was to be 76%; in the second, 67%. (lee pagea 10 - 12).

The contrect reads that the stean, conaumpt ion 0f' the tuirbine shall v'

1;a not }~.!J than 19 lbs. of dry, saturated steam ptr R.P. hoa.r. fh1s statemtnt· - - .

" is, of course, &bSLuod and was o~em·ly intended to read .!!2! ~ ~ 19 lbs.

of steam J!Gr E.P. hour. Knowing the contract efficiency of the puMps and aa-'

suming that maxil:llllm eteam.conswoption is stated in the contract, it beoomea

:possible to compute tbe mip.inW'Il oontra.ct duty or the pum:J?illg uru. t. This woald

be as followsa-

"' (a) 79.2oo,ooo ft. l'bs. per 1000 lbs. of IL·y, saturated. atesm Vlhn the unit ia OJ:laratlng with the pwnps in parallel under n total lift

of lZ5 "feet ,/

(b) 69,800,000 tt. lbs. per 1000 lias. of dry, saturated ateem when the unit is operating wl th the P'lml!l' in aeries under a total lift of 205 'teet.

(See pages 11- 12).

The GI>eoifioations for the punping unit were filed• and adOpted by ./

the City Commiseion under date ot .June 6, 1913. The,y P~pee-.r to be indefinite

and inadequate w1 th reference to the eff iciancs both of the punping un1 t 1 tself

and or ite eu:dliaries. 'l!he stipula.tion with respect to auction lift took

ooem.zanoe only of the water stag-es in the river and neglected the extramel,v

importnnt matter of losses oi' hf;HJ,,l in the s-u.ction pipe systems. These losses

become ver~r large ~nd significant when large volumes of water are required to

pass through the pipes. (Soe pa~;os 12 - 14).

#

~,

: ~ . •_,-'II

.... '

.... ~~~ ~~ • • ... :.:.-

-o6-

General Description!!! Pumplne ~ and Awt111ar1ea.

For purposes ot record, a complete description ot the ste~turbine

centrifugal pumping un1 t and its aux111a.r1ea, including the features ot oapao-

tty, general design, slsea and dimensions, etc., has been presented in 1he fore-

going report. It ia belieTed to be umu!tcesaary to repeat the facts here. (See

pages 14 - 1a). ~-

!he contract price or the pumping unit ad ita auzil1ariea ia $17,ooo, v /

of Which 7J&.' en- $12,710 :ba'Ve been paid by the 01 t.v. Inolu.ding the oosi; of e:~-

traa, of toun.clationa, test1~~g, etc., the total cost to the Oity of this equip-~-

1 t to be accepted, would bl3 f'u lly ~21,200. The <'ontraotor has tur-

bonds. with the Aetna Accident and Liability co., of Hartford, con-.,l

zectie".:tt, as auretr, dated sept. 24, 1913, as follows,- tr~E.terial and 1~.bor / I

$8,500.; perfornance bond, t4,250. (See pages 18- 19). '

The pumph;g unit was delivered in sacrarrento latt'l in May or early in v I .

1914, abo-u.t 8-l/2 months after tl1a contra~t was signed.. The sppara,tus 4

'Was first turned over w1 th f.tearn on 1'..uguat 9. The stet'.m turb:i ne wae faul til¥ ..

designed and milt c..nd two aceidonta befell the rotor in the t!li rd or lowest I .t

It was not until February 9" 1915, nearly 17 months Pfter the contract

, _was ei.ened, that the Ul'lit and its connections were rer>-lly 1n a condition for

continuGIUs operE..ti.on. :rntweatt Feb. 9 and :Mch. 11, 1915, the pump was operated ~ / I ~

for 26 entire dP{ro atld for 0.4 to 22.0 hours on eao~, of 5 other days. A com-

plate history of the er(·ction E:.nd the ope:ration of this ~ to date hAS been

presented in the foragOi%28 report. {3ee pages 19 - ~).

Deaorintion of Testa ~Pumping~·

A. panial teat of the steam-turbine cent:dtugal pumpi:11g unit was made I

on April 16 ba.t beoauae of aome distortion and leaks which developed in 'the dis-

charge line, the teat was diaoontiwed. For several reasons this test, in 10

far as it was completed, was unsatisfactory and the results secnu-ed were dis-,;

regarded. A second., reliable and oomplete teat was conducted on May 3. The

-5'1-

teats ware pla:aned to danonstrate, in every ~ortant feature, ao tar aa the

physioal oondi tions of the station and its equipment would parmi t,, :the perform-

anoe of the pumpi:ne unit itself and to give some idea of the general station

duty. The pumping unit was tested Ullder four principal conditions as followa:-.I

20-toot auction lift, 50 lbs. per aq. in, discharge presare ~ v

20-toot auction 11ft, 80 lbs. per •9.• 1a. discharge pressure {l) (2) (3) (4)

Hir,heat attainable SllOtion lift. 50 lbs. per sq. ln. dlscharee presaure Higheat attainable auction 11ft; 80 -'lba. par sq. in. discharge preaSGre.

It was foumd to be impossible to operata the puup under cODditioa (3} tor more

than a very brief interftl because the volU1118 of disCharge was "too small to

auppJ.¥ the oi ty and the pressa.ra at ·t;he lJUlll.P fell from 47 to 22 lbs. r.e r sq. in,

in J4 mimtaa. so tha~ it v.-a.s deemed unwise and unsata to ooritlllue that phase

of the test longer. A oomplete outline s.l.owing ~lle scope ot the teet aod tbl

methods ot observ~tion ll.aa been given in the foz·ego1:ng reJ!ort. {dee pag-es 24-34),

' ~

Disoussion of Reaults of Teet of May 3, 1915,

The capacity of the pumping unit under th~ four test oond1tiona noted

above was oaretully determined. In no oaae did <ftbe pump deliver at its nomlr.ralt

guaranteed rate. The deficiency undor tba severHl tent oond.i tions ':m.s a :1 followaa-

" .. .,

(l) 4.7% with 19,9 ft. average mlction. lift and 50,3 lbs •. ~ar s~. in, ave~aee diaohdrge press~·~ •

.; • . .I {2) ~.\lfo wi1ih 20.1 i't. average auction li.f·t a:td 80,5 lbs, per eq. ln

average disoha.rge pressure,·· .; .. ./ v

(3) 32% with 28.1 ft, average ~Otion lift and 33,3 lbs. per sq. in. average discl18rge pi.·esSW"e.

l " .I (4) 48% with 27,1 ft. average s\lction lif·(; and.Sl,3 li>s. per sq. in

average discharee p~easure.

In case (3) the suction lift was raised to simulate the conditions ;~icll would

~ . . . obtain it 15 1000,000 g&llons per 24 hours wero being d.z-awn through the Allis-

v'

Holly suction plpa system w1 th a. river stage re:presente<l hy 5,4 feet on the v' I . .

gauge. or 2,8 teet above the stage renahe~ by the river on sept. 23• 1913. In

case (4) the suction head was increased. to represent tLe eoud.it:ions which would •

• prevail if 10,ooo,ooo gallons per -24 ho·IU"a were beine drawn through the suction

;

-58-

pipe ~stem 1n ~eation with a river stage r~presenu~d by a gauge reading or I'

0.4 teet. (see pages 34 - 36).

The steam requirements of the pumping unit ware also determined under

ea.Oh of the tour oondi tiona above refet'red to. It ma.,. proper]f be ae1JUJD8d that ,#-'

the guaranteed steam requirements are not more than 25.0 lbe. or:r dry, saturated 1n parallel '"'

steam per R..P. hour when the pumps are operatin8/with a total litt or 135 teet and I

not more than 28.4 lba. per li.P ~ hour when the pwups are operating in aeries or • J

t8-!tUm w1 th a total l1tt or 205 teet. The percentage of etemn in excess of tl.~At

stated f'1snrea, req_uired under the t'everal test oond1 tiona, 1116s found to be as

followac-

(l)

,(2}

{3)

(4)

J ~

22.4~ With 19.~ ft. nvcra.ce suction lift ane 50.!3 lbs .. per sq. in. average disoharge pressure.

• <' .. 3C.~ with 20.1 tt. average suotion lift and ao.5 lbs. per sq. in.

average disoha:t.•ge presmrra. / . -

SO% w-ith 28.1 ft. average suction lift and 33.3 ~~~. per sq. in. average diaanarge pressure.

~ v 63% with 2'1.1 n. average suction lift and Sl. 3 l be. p e aq. in •

~verage dis~~arze pressure.

(See pages 36- 37).

From the euara.nteed me.xirmlJn st-JE!J'' requirements stated above it is po1a-

ible to oompute t."lc mdlnlmu:m duty of the pw:plng ltnit. ?er IDOO lbs. of dry, sat-,/

Ul'~.ted r.:t~s.m tn~·'J.:nit sbO'..tld. ;:::erforn> 7'3 1 200,000 ft. lbs. :>f' w~r~l:' when the :pumpa . , I

are operating in p!>.r!'..llal with a t..,ta.l lift of 1~5 teet and 69,800,000 ft. lb&. ~

when the :pnmps ere ogera.ttng in series '.vi th a total lift of 205 :te~t. !he oor-.,

/

responding values 1n terMs of !'t. lbs. per B.T.TI. a.ro 90t: <>1'1d. 790. The r,efia-

icncy in d~.:Lty balow the st.te:.tacl fity.:res was ... ound:p under. the soveral t"'~t con-

ditions, to be as follows:-" ./

(l) 1S.4q; i)er 1000 lbs. staru .. nnd 18.3~ po1· n.·~.u. y:ith 19.9 ft .. ave:rao~ ,- Yl ... ,

auction 11ft and 50.3 lbs. par sq. ln. average discharge pressure. J J - •'

(2)· 23.6% per 1000 lbs. s~eam and 18.4% per B1T.U. with 20.1 tt. average

{ •L I vJ

llllC~;1or... lift and 00.5 lts. per sq. i:n. avara.cD disoht~r-t:e pressure. v ./ /

54% par lOCO lhs. otP.am and 46;: per a.~.U. ·dtn. 28.1 ft. avere.:_::e ltlOtion lift e.nd 33.3 ·lbs. r)er sq. in. averace disoharee pressure.

1-.

·'

-iiS-

v ~

(4) 39% per 1000" lbs. steam and 39% per li.T.U. with 27.1 tt. average v

suction lift and 01.3 lbs. per sq. in. average discharge pressure.

(See pagea 37- 30).

A complete 'babulation of test condltioas and results· ot the ~at ot - .;

t•.ay 3 s.re ;presented in Table r.o. 9, page 41. Di~ame ahowi:ng certain prin-

cipal test conditiomc end the :per:rormanoe or the plll!{Pi:DC unit thereunder have ~· ...

s.lso been !'resented in the :roregoir.g report. (See }>&gee 38 - 45}.

Fuel Requirement• ot Oentrifuga.l !! . Reo1prooat1ng Pumpi!!g Un1 ts.

It has been a matter of serious oo~laint that the fuel oil requir~

ments f'or the operation of' the pumpine station::Jare extraordinarily grOater

when the steam-turbine centrii'u.gal. pumping unit 1e in service than when the re­

cip:iooating pumping engines are in aervi3e. From the recorda DJI\i:atail1Ghl at the

pwn.Ping station by lfr. Ebret it has been possible to determine the excess fuel

requirements wb.en the centritugal unit ie in aemoe and, hence, the exteas coat

of its operation. !his JDatter has been discussed at length ln the toreeoi»a

report and various tables and di~ams have been presented by which the regular

equipment and the new eentr11Ugal unit ha.V6 been compared 1n tl).1s part1cru.la.r.

The general conclusions or this stu(\y may be ete.te~a f'ollowaa-

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4}

~

about 122 gallons ot- 2.9 obla.more of :ru.el oil are reqn.ired, other ... tMfl.r"S be,.nr, equal. to pump one l'l'tillion eallo:ns of l;''e.tf.::r t1:1•ough a total lift of 98 ... feet with the oentritugal pumpi.ng unit, only, in service than with the snow and AlUs Purr.9s in service.

~

About 0.33 ge.llotcs more of :f't~el oil :per mill. ft. lbs. of wo.rk per-formed are required v:blen the centr1f'ugal :rnm:i>1ng un1 t, only, is in service than i'ftl.Fm the SnO'J'' f);r:d JJ.U.£:: ~ur:r~s Sl"iil. in '::>per~tion.

I Asau.ming sn avere.ge daily pumpage of 15 million gallons, tho e-xoees

eoat or fuel oil, under the conditions rLOted in (1) above. and , aesun1ing that oil eo~ts fo .Sl ... por ~rel, would t;e abo~:tt :f"35.30

Per m1lliot) gallons m't.~ed undo~ the ('Ond.itlons ate,tect in (l} above, the axoese cost of ~1el oil is eetimated to be about ~2.35 ~

(5) Per million ft. lbs. of work performed under the aonditions of (l) fl,nii. yn e.nove 1 the e:zce3::! aor:t Of' :uol Oil J.s o~ti~·::.o.tf<',cl to i 1G 0.63 cent.

These figures would, of course, be somewhat rs~oed if the operation of the

-&o-

" ..i \.1

Holly pDDp be considered, as is the case 1n ~able Ne. 11. (See pagea 46- 52).

Concluai ona.

Holding in review the studies and 1nvoatigat1ons whiah have been made

wl th respect to the pl:!gaioal and other oondi t1oJ1s attocting the operation of tile

sacramento Oity water works pumping station aDd baaing 3udgment upon the reaultl

of comprehensive teats of the 3teaxa-turbine centr1~ pull101ng uit '\UIClar co:a-

aideration, and upon a painstaking examination of these resu.lta, it appeara

that the followine oonclusiollf! ma;r be advanoedt-

{1)

(Z)

( )

'

(4)

{5)

The present maximum rate of use of water h1 that yOJ.•t.ion of the c1t1 lllpplieet :from the Ci t3 water works pumpil1g station is dangerously g:::-,:J;:-.tE"r:~ t.21an 0h(; ':ro:::. .. ;· 5.r'f-: 0::\;.'n.clt •. ; of -:~10 ·pl•oae-:1 t l'Sgular pwnping equipment.

'::.lhc J4b-arger-CUrtis ste~t-..u-b1na If.:l.lnping unit, which has recent~ baffn in::;t~1J.lod in tne rm:~ri:r.._; ::r~ation but not yet v.ucepte4 by the city, is or no value Whatever because at low stages of the river its oper­ation v.:oulcl h: :mtirel,l 1-Jl'Oblo.l:lleticcl aw uru:alit.ble. Indeed, under the pcysica.l eor..cii t ions which prevail with respect to its setting, it :rr,a~, l1c ·aa1d 1;hrt the pwnp is ~. ::Jcr.aoo b&ca:ilso (1) it n~.v give a false idea ot socurlty and (2) it oausea a most serious congestion of il,e l•".11:!Jl7l£ ·.:;tB ticn .f'l oc:: •

.. Tt.e :!'act that th4~ p1ti1'.l,iL~:;,::; 1:.:.:!it·is 2l:.:_tir·::ly r.r:x.-elia."Gle a.11d not to be depended U:.Pon at' ~ll at\low.~river stages has nothing to do with the CillO sti on 2.s to ~1 ethor or· not· it sha :u be eo.~cer,tod "o,y the Cit". Th.a sole determination upon whioh its acoeptnnoo must rest is that the co:ntrz..ot .PrOYlsio~~a -~i.tl'~ respect to c.o .. pa.oit.Y ~::.d {\..l:rb~· und~r oorta.in stipulated conditions "be f\~lfilled.

The @S.Cit.v o(, t:ne bUJripi:ng unittaS date.t'Illined b,yr the test of· ~Iey 3t ~"' . 1s :f'ullV 4. r;o le Js t!1nn ·c}l•,; t:,'Unl~::.t:r~tee unJ.,-;;..o.· ~ho contract aonlli tiona

Of 20J:f't. bUCti~n lift·and 50~lbs. per s~. in. discharge pressure, .a:nd f"i.l1ly 9 .0·1·~ le s :31 t:~1.::-.11 tl:e {"'..<.~::-ant co tm:.lo ... • tho o on tract co:n.~a ti one

7 " or 20 ft. suction -lift ~.nd 80 lbs. per aq. in.disoharge pressure.

• Tho stea!'Il requirements of the pumping unit du.r!llg the test of l!ay 3 ·were i'u.ll,v 22,,1'

1:::_: "1:1ore t.l..an v.'i:.c.!i ,,;::.;;r logicull'" be i:.:rceri.)roted "!;o be

"".:/ -· ., the guaranteed ~oonomw under the contract conditions of 20 rt, ~ct-

./

ion l:tft o.nd 50 lbs. !'er sq. in. Jisohv .. r.;;€: pressure, and fully 30.6% more tl'tan the pr~SUllk"Lbly guB.l"anteed f'igur,P applying to the contract conditlonu of ~:Ci f·ii. suctlcn lift rulJ. e._ l!Js. rer £'i· in.discnarge .Pressure.

{6} The dut,z of tho ptW.t?inc unit in questio#, expressed in terril& oi' ft. lh,•. ot \'lOrk per lOOfJ lbo. oi' dr,r, S[tux·atod. s>;;ca::; cor:stmad. ·r.J: the turbine, we.s shovm by the test; of ::ay 3 to have -oaen f"u.lly 10.4%' less thE"•.n whHt na~· ~.ogicell.~ 'i.Je interp:ro~C.. tc. be Lhe f,U.aranteed.,. duty under t:1e o .. ntraet condit:ons of 20 rt. su.crliion lift and 50 lbs.

-61-

.. ./

par sq. 1n. discharge pressure, and full¥ 23.6,& less than the pre- , eumab]¥ guaranteed figure applying to the oontraot conditions of 20 ft. suotion lift and SO 1bs. Der sq. ln. discharge p~eoaure.

(7) Under the uaua1. doli very )res sure oondi tions tl\e azoeaa cost of tuel oil required for the operation of the pumpillg station when the steam­turbine eentrit'tleal pu:rupi:ng unit, onl¥1 is in service, aa compared wi ~h the fuel requirements when the b'no~v and Allis pUtllf :J a.ra in service 1a as f'ollowea- $2.36 ,...per million ga119ns punp~t:;;0.63"'cent , .Per nd.llion rt. lba. of work performed; $35.30 per aa.r it 15,000 ,ooo

&tUlona are pumped.

' . 't Rcspcotfull,)r <;'Ub::;a-.~ ed,

~----G.~-~

~r,

~ 4 ~,..,/ / ,,:. L ~ / /.-.·~· .,r' '··"-··'''".>A . .V_., ;..;;;:; :A? ,,,l(:f>;;-?'.~"' ""- .. / ---;;7'

C: · Consul tirct.~ ~-ir.eera.

~~

• ..

...